diff --git a/packages/env/README.md b/packages/env/README.md
index fe3e5dea3bf2b2..1c2b9adb5cb1fb 100644
--- a/packages/env/README.md
+++ b/packages/env/README.md
@@ -289,6 +289,11 @@ Options:
              them in a comma-separated list: `--xdebug=develop,coverage`. See
              https://xdebug.org/docs/all_settings#mode for information about
              Xdebug modes.                                              [string]
+  --spx      Enables SPX profiling. If not passed, SPX is turned off. If no
+             mode is set, uses "enabled". SPX is a simple profiling extension
+             with a built-in web UI. See
+             https://github.com/NoiseByNorthwest/php-spx for more information.
+                                                                        [string]
   --scripts  Execute any configured lifecycle scripts. [boolean] [default: true]
 ```
 
@@ -756,6 +761,29 @@ php_value memory_limit 2G
 
 This is useful if there are options you'd like to add to `php.ini`, which is difficult to access in this environment.
 
+### Using SPX Profiling
+
+SPX is a simple profiling extension for PHP that provides low-overhead profiling with a built-in web UI. When enabled with `--spx`, you can access the SPX profiling interface to analyze your application's performance.
+
+To enable SPX profiling:
+
+```sh
+wp-env start --spx
+```
+
+Once enabled, you can access the SPX web UI by visiting any page in your WordPress environment with the query parameters `?SPX_KEY=dev&SPX_UI_URI=/`. For example:
+
+- Development site: `http://localhost:8888/?SPX_KEY=dev&SPX_UI_URI=/`
+- Test site: `http://localhost:8889/?SPX_KEY=dev&SPX_UI_URI=/`
+
+From the SPX interface, you can:
+- Enable profiling for subsequent requests
+- View flame graphs and performance metrics
+- Analyze function call timelines
+- Examine memory usage and other performance data
+
+SPX provides a more lightweight alternative to Xdebug for profiling, with minimal performance overhead and an intuitive web-based interface.
+
 ## Contributing to this package
 
 This is an individual package that's part of the Gutenberg project. The project is organized as a monorepo. It's made up of multiple self-contained software packages, each with a specific purpose. The packages in this monorepo are published to [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/) and used by [WordPress](https://make.wordpress.org/core/) as well as other software projects.
diff --git a/packages/env/lib/cli.js b/packages/env/lib/cli.js
index 896df6cd59fed0..e206972b8511d4 100644
--- a/packages/env/lib/cli.js
+++ b/packages/env/lib/cli.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ const { execSync } = require( 'child_process' );
 const pkg = require( '../package.json' );
 const env = require( './env' );
 const parseXdebugMode = require( './parse-xdebug-mode' );
+const parseSpxMode = require( './parse-spx-mode' );
 const {
 	RUN_CONTAINERS,
 	validateRunContainer,
@@ -139,6 +140,12 @@ module.exports = function cli() {
 				coerce: parseXdebugMode,
 				type: 'string',
 			} );
+			args.option( 'spx', {
+				describe:
+					'Enables SPX profiling. If not passed, SPX is turned off. If no mode is set, uses "enabled". SPX is a simple profiling extension with a built-in web UI. See https://github.com/NoiseByNorthwest/php-spx for more information.',
+				coerce: parseSpxMode,
+				type: 'string',
+			} );
 			args.option( 'scripts', {
 				type: 'boolean',
 				describe: 'Execute any configured lifecycle scripts.',
diff --git a/packages/env/lib/commands/start.js b/packages/env/lib/commands/start.js
index db05b82060d2c5..c50a05719f8898 100644
--- a/packages/env/lib/commands/start.js
+++ b/packages/env/lib/commands/start.js
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ const CONFIG_CACHE_KEY = 'config_checksum';
  * @param {Object}  options.spinner A CLI spinner which indicates progress.
  * @param {boolean} options.update  If true, update sources.
  * @param {string}  options.xdebug  The Xdebug mode to set.
+ * @param {string}  options.spx     The SPX mode to set.
  * @param {boolean} options.scripts Indicates whether or not lifecycle scripts should be executed.
  * @param {boolean} options.debug   True if debug mode is enabled.
  */
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ module.exports = async function start( {
 	spinner,
 	update,
 	xdebug,
+	spx,
 	scripts,
 	debug,
 } ) {
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ module.exports = async function start( {
 		spinner,
 		debug,
 		xdebug,
+		spx,
 		writeChanges: true,
 	} );
 
diff --git a/packages/env/lib/init-config.js b/packages/env/lib/init-config.js
index 7239a390f16205..d55dbf64c2b3e5 100644
--- a/packages/env/lib/init-config.js
+++ b/packages/env/lib/init-config.js
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ const buildDockerComposeConfig = require( './build-docker-compose-config' );
  * @param {Object}  options.spinner      A CLI spinner which indicates progress.
  * @param {boolean} options.debug        True if debug mode is enabled.
  * @param {string}  options.xdebug       The Xdebug mode to set. Defaults to "off".
+ * @param {string}  options.spx          The SPX mode to set. Defaults to "off".
  * @param {boolean} options.writeChanges If true, writes the parsed config to the
  *                                       required docker files like docker-compose
  *                                       and Dockerfile. By default, this is false
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ module.exports = async function initConfig( {
 	spinner,
 	debug,
 	xdebug = 'off',
+	spx = 'off',
 	writeChanges = false,
 } ) {
 	const config = await loadConfig( path.resolve( '.' ) );
@@ -47,6 +49,11 @@ module.exports = async function initConfig( {
 	// so that Docker will rebuild the image whenever the xdebug flag changes.
 	config.xdebug = xdebug;
 
+	// Adding this to the config allows the start command to understand that the
+	// config has changed when only the spx param has changed. This is needed
+	// so that Docker will rebuild the image whenever the spx flag changes.
+	config.spx = spx;
+
 	const dockerComposeConfig = buildDockerComposeConfig( config );
 
 	if ( config.debug ) {
@@ -233,6 +240,12 @@ RUN echo "#$HOST_UID ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers`;
 		config.env[ env ].phpVersion
 	);
 
+	dockerFileContent += getSpxConfig(
+		config.spx,
+		config.env[ env ].phpVersion,
+		service
+	);
+
 	// Add better PHP settings.
 	dockerFileContent += `
 RUN echo 'upload_max_filesize = 1G' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
@@ -304,3 +317,50 @@ RUN echo 'xdebug.start_with_request=yes' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
 RUN echo 'xdebug.mode=${ xdebugMode }' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
 RUN echo 'xdebug.client_host="host.docker.internal"' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini`;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Gets the SPX config based on the options in the config object.
+ *
+ * @param {string} spxMode    The SPX mode set in the config.
+ * @param {string} phpVersion The php version set in the environment.
+ * @param {string} service    The service name.
+ * @return {string} The SPX config -- can be an empty string when it's not used.
+ */
+function getSpxConfig( spxMode = 'off', phpVersion, service ) {
+	if ( spxMode === 'off' || service === 'cli' ) {
+		return '';
+	}
+
+	if ( phpVersion ) {
+		const versionTokens = phpVersion.split( '.' );
+		const majorVer = parseInt( versionTokens[ 0 ] );
+		const minorVer = parseInt( versionTokens[ 1 ] );
+
+		if ( isNaN( majorVer ) || isNaN( minorVer ) ) {
+			throw new ValidationError(
+				'Something went wrong when parsing the PHP version.'
+			);
+		}
+
+		// SPX requires PHP 5.4 or higher
+		if ( majorVer < 5 || ( majorVer === 5 && minorVer < 4 ) ) {
+			throw new ValidationError(
+				`Cannot use SPX with PHP < 5.4. Your PHP version is ${ phpVersion }.`
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return `
+# Install SPX profiler
+RUN apt-get update -qy
+RUN apt-get install -qy git zlib1g-dev
+RUN cd /tmp && git clone https://github.com/NoiseByNorthwest/php-spx.git
+RUN cd /tmp/php-spx && git checkout release/latest
+RUN cd /tmp/php-spx && phpize && ./configure && make && make install
+RUN docker-php-ext-enable spx
+RUN echo 'spx.http_enabled=1' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
+RUN echo 'spx.http_key="dev"' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
+RUN echo 'spx.http_ip_whitelist="*"' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
+RUN echo 'spx.data_dir="/tmp/spx"' >> /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
+RUN mkdir -p /tmp/spx && chmod 777 /tmp/spx`;
+}
diff --git a/packages/env/lib/parse-spx-mode.js b/packages/env/lib/parse-spx-mode.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..68e2f61b5c23ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/env/lib/parse-spx-mode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// SPX is a simple profiling extension for PHP
+// See https://github.com/NoiseByNorthwest/php-spx
+const SPX_MODES = [ 'off', 'enabled' ];
+
+/**
+ * Custom parsing for the SPX mode set via yargs. This function ensures three things:
+ * 1. If the --spx flag was not set, set it to 'off'.
+ * 2. If the --spx flag was set by itself, default to 'enabled'.
+ * 3. If the --spx flag includes modes, make sure they are accepted by SPX.
+ *
+ * @param {string|undefined} value The user-set mode of SPX; undefined if there is no --spx flag.
+ * @return {string} The SPX mode to use with defaults applied.
+ */
+module.exports = function parseSpxMode( value ) {
+	if ( value === undefined ) {
+		return 'off';
+	}
+	if ( typeof value !== 'string' ) {
+		throwSpxModeError( value );
+	}
+
+	if ( value.length === 0 || value === 'undefined' ) {
+		return 'enabled';
+	}
+
+	if ( ! SPX_MODES.includes( value ) ) {
+		throwSpxModeError( value );
+	}
+
+	return value;
+};
+
+function throwSpxModeError( value ) {
+	throw new Error(
+		`"${ value }" is not a mode recognized by SPX. Valid modes are: ${ SPX_MODES.join(
+			', '
+		) }`
+	);
+}
diff --git a/packages/env/lib/test/parse-spx-mode.js b/packages/env/lib/test/parse-spx-mode.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..2999f56179838c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/env/lib/test/parse-spx-mode.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * Internal dependencies
+ */
+const parseSpxMode = require( '../parse-spx-mode' );
+
+describe( 'parseSpxMode', () => {
+	it( 'errors with invalid values', () => {
+		const errorMessage = 'is not a mode recognized by SPX';
+		expect( () => parseSpxMode( true ) ).toThrow( errorMessage );
+		expect( () => parseSpxMode( false ) ).toThrow( errorMessage );
+		expect( () => parseSpxMode( 1 ) ).toThrow( errorMessage );
+	} );
+
+	it( 'sets the SPX mode to "off" if no --spx flag is passed', () => {
+		const result = parseSpxMode( undefined );
+		expect( result ).toBe( 'off' );
+	} );
+
+	it( 'sets the SPX mode to "enabled" if no mode is specified', () => {
+		const result = parseSpxMode( '' );
+		expect( result ).toBe( 'enabled' );
+	} );
+
+	it( 'errors with a mix of valid and invalid modes', () => {
+		const fakeMode = 'invalidmode';
+		expect( () => parseSpxMode( `enabled,${ fakeMode }` ) ).toThrow(
+			fakeMode
+		);
+	} );
+} );