diff --git a/tests/wpt/toascii.json b/tests/wpt/toascii.json
index d02c4c7e8..6445db80e 100644
--- a/tests/wpt/toascii.json
+++ b/tests/wpt/toascii.json
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [
-  "This resource is focused on highlighting issues with UTS #46 ToASCII",
+  "This contains assorted IDNA tests that IdnaTestV2 might not cover.",
+  "Feel free to deduplicate with a clear commit message.",
   {
     "comment": "Label with hyphens in 3rd and 4th position",
     "input": "aa--",
@@ -198,5 +199,175 @@
   {
     "input": ">\u00AD\u0338",
     "output": "xn--hdh"
+  },
+  "Tests below are from WebKit (fast/url/idna2003.html & fast/url/idna2008.html; contributed by Chris Weber back in 2011).",
+  {
+    "input": "fa\u00DF.de",
+    "output": "xn--fa-hia.de"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u03B2\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u03C2.com",
+    "output": "xn--nxasmm1c.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u0DC1\u0DCA\u200D\u0DBB\u0DD3.com",
+    "output": "xn--10cl1a0b660p.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200C\u0627\u06CC.com",
+    "output": "xn--mgba3gch31f060k.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "www.loo\u0138out.net",
+    "output": "www.xn--looout-5bb.net"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u15EF\u15EF\u15EF.lookout.net",
+    "output": "xn--1qeaa.lookout.net"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "www.lookout.\u0441\u043E\u043C",
+    "output": "www.lookout.xn--l1adi"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "www\u2025lookout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "www.lookout\u2027net",
+    "output": "www.xn--lookoutnet-406e"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "www.lookout.net\u2A7480",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "www\u00A0.lookout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u1680lookout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u001flookout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u06DDout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u180Eout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u2060out.net",
+    "output": "lookout.net"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\uFEFFout.net",
+    "output": "lookout.net"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\uD83F\uDFFEout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\uFFFAout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u2FF0out.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u0341out.net",
+    "output": "xn--looout-kp7b.net"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u202Eout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u206Bout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\uDB40\uDC01out.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\uDB40\uDC20out.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u05BEout.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "B\u00FCcher.de",
+    "output": "xn--bcher-kva.de"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u2665.net",
+    "output": "xn--g6h.net"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u0378.net",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u04C0.com",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "comment": "This is U+2F868 (which is mapped to U+36FC starting with Unicode 16.0)",
+    "input": "\uD87E\uDC68.com",
+    "output": "xn--snl.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u2183.com",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "look\u034Fout.net",
+    "output": "lookout.net"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "gOoGle.com",
+    "output": "google.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u09dc.com",
+    "output": "xn--15b8c.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u1E9E.com",
+    "output": "xn--zca.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "\u1E9E.foo.com",
+    "output": "xn--zca.foo.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "-foo.bar.com",
+    "output": "-foo.bar.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo-.bar.com",
+    "output": "foo-.bar.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "ab--cd.com",
+    "output": "ab--cd.com"
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "xn--0.com",
+    "output": null
+  },
+  {
+    "input": "foo\u0300.bar.com",
+    "output": "xn--fo-3ja.bar.com"
   }
 ]
diff --git a/tests/wpt/urlpattern-compare-test-data.json b/tests/wpt/urlpattern-compare-test-data.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0043ac08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wpt/urlpattern-compare-test-data.json
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+[
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/a" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/b" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/b" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/bar" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/bar" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/:bar" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/:bar" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/:bar" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/*" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/(bar)" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}+" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}+" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}?" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}?" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}*" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/(123)" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/(12)" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/:b" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/:a" },
+    "expected": 0
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "*/foo" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "*" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "port",
+    "left": { "port": "9" },
+    "right": { "port": "100" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "foo/:bar?/baz" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "foo/{:bar}?/baz" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "foo/:bar?/baz" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "foo{/:bar}?/baz" },
+    "expected": 0
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "foo/:bar?/baz" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "fo{o/:bar}?/baz" },
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "foo/:bar?/baz" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "foo{/:bar/}?baz" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": "https://a.example.com/b?a",
+    "right": "https://b.example.com/a?b",
+    "expected": 1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "pathname",
+    "left": { "pathname": "/foo/{bar}/baz" },
+    "right": { "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" },
+    "expected": 0
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "protocol",
+    "left": { "protocol": "a" },
+    "right": { "protocol": "b" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "username",
+    "left": { "username": "a" },
+    "right": { "username": "b" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "password",
+    "left": { "password": "a" },
+    "right": { "password": "b" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "hostname",
+    "left": { "hostname": "a" },
+    "right": { "hostname": "b" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "search",
+    "left": { "search": "a" },
+    "right": { "search": "b" },
+    "expected": -1
+  },
+  {
+    "component": "hash",
+    "left": { "hash": "a" },
+    "right": { "hash": "b" },
+    "expected": -1
+  }
+]
diff --git a/tests/wpt/urlpatterntestdata.json b/tests/wpt/urlpatterntestdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..058079bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wpt/urlpatterntestdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,2857 @@
+[
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/ba" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" } },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": { "0": "https" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar/baz" ],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "example.com", "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" } },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "example.com", "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" } },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": { "0": "https" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "example.com", "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "https", "hostname": "example.com",
+                 "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "https", "hostname": "example.com",
+                 "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "https", "hostname": "example.com",
+                 "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "https", "hostname": "example.com",
+                 "pathname": "/foo/bar", "search": "otherquery",
+                 "hash": "otherhash" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "otherhash", "groups": { "0": "otherhash" } },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "otherquery", "groups": { "0": "otherquery" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "https", "hostname": "example.com",
+                 "pathname": "/foo/bar", "search": "otherquery",
+                 "hash": "otherhash" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "otherhash", "groups": { "0": "otherhash" } },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "otherquery", "groups": { "0": "otherquery" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?otherquery#otherhash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "https", "hostname": "example.com",
+                 "pathname": "/foo/bar", "search": "otherquery",
+                 "hash": "otherhash" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "otherhash", "groups": { "0": "otherhash" } },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "otherquery", "groups": { "0": "otherquery" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar?otherquery#otherhash" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "otherhash", "groups": { "0": "otherhash" } },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "otherquery", "groups": { "0": "otherquery" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar?query#hash" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "hash", "groups": { "0": "hash" } },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "query", "groups": { "0": "query" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar/baz" ],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://other.com/foo/bar" ],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [ "http://other.com/foo/bar" ],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar", "baseURL": "https://other.com" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com?query#hash" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar", "baseURL": "http://example.com" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "bar": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/([^\\/]+?)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/index.html" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/index.html", "groups": { "bar": "index.html" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "bar": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "bar": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "bar": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "bar": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "bar": null } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "bar": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "bar": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "bar": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "bar": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "bar": null } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/:bar*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*?"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*?"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*?"
+    },
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "0": null } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "0": null } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*?"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*?"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/fo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*?"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/fo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*+"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*+"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*+"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*+"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*+"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/fo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/*+"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/*+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/fo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/**"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/**" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/**"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/**" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/baz", "groups": { "0": "bar/baz" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/**"
+    },
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "0": null } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/**" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "0": null } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/**"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/**" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/", "groups": { "0": "" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/**"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/**" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/(.*)*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/fo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/**"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/**" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/fo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/baz" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo{/bar}*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "(café)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "username": "(café)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "password": "(café)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "(café)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "(café)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": "(café)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": "(café)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": ":café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "café": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "username": ":café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "username": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "username": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "café": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "password": ":café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "password": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "password": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "café": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": ":café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "café": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/:café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "café": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": ":café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "search": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "café": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": ":café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hash": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "café": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": ":\u2118" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u2118": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "username": ":\u2118" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "username": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "username": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u2118": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "password": ":\u2118" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "password": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "password": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u2118": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": ":\u2118" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u2118": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/:\u2118" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "\u2118": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": ":\u2118" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "search": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u2118": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": ":\u2118" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hash": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u2118": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": ":\u3400" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u3400": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "username": ":\u3400" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "username": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "username": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u3400": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "password": ":\u3400" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "password": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "password": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u3400": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": ":\u3400" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u3400": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/:\u3400" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "\u3400": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": ":\u3400" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "search": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u3400": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": ":\u3400" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hash": "foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "\u3400": "foo" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol" : "café" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "cafe" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "cafe", "groups": { "0": "cafe" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "foo-bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "foo-bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "foo-bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "username": "caf%C3%A9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "username" : "café" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "username": { "input": "caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "username": "café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "username" : "café" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "username": "caf%C3%A9"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "username": { "input": "caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "username": "caf%c3%a9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "username" : "café" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "password": "caf%C3%A9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "password" : "café" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "password": { "input": "caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "password": "café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "password" : "café" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "password": "caf%C3%A9"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "password": { "input": "caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "password": "caf%c3%a9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "password" : "café" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "xn--caf-dma.com" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname" : "café.com" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "xn--caf-dma.com", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "café.com" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname" : "café.com" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "hostname": "xn--caf-dma.com"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "xn--caf-dma.com", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "port": "" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": { "0": "http" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80{20}?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80 " }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "port": "80" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "http{s}?", "port": "80" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "http", "port": "80" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "port": "80" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "port": "80" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "port": { "input": "80", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "port": "(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "port": "invalid80" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "port": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/./bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/baz" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar/../baz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/baz", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/caf%C3%A9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/café" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/café" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/caf%C3%A9"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/caf%c3%a9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/café" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": { "0": "https" }},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" }},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/../bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/bar", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "./foo/bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {}},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {}},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{/bar}", "baseURL": "https://example.com/foo/" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "./bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com/foo/" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "\\/bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com/foo/" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "./bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com/foo/" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "b", "baseURL": "https://example.com/foo/" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "./b", "baseURL": "https://example.com/foo/" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/b"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {}},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/b", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar" ],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo/bar" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {}},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":name.html", "baseURL": "https://example.com" }],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo.html"] ,
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/:name.html"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {}},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo.html", "groups": { "name": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": "q=caf%C3%A9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "search": "q=café" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "search": { "input": "q=caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": "q=café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "search": "q=café" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "search": "q=caf%C3%A9"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "search": { "input": "q=caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": "q=caf%c3%a9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "search": "q=café" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": "caf%C3%A9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hash": "café" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": "café" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hash": "café" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "hash": "caf%C3%A9"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hash": { "input": "caf%C3%A9", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": "caf%c3%a9" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hash": "café" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "about", "pathname": "(blank|sourcedoc)" }],
+    "inputs": [ "about:blank" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "about", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "blank", "groups": { "0": "blank" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "data", "pathname": ":number([0-9]+)" }],
+    "inputs": [ "data:8675309" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "data", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "8675309", "groups": { "number": "8675309" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/(\\m)" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo!" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo!" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo!", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo\\:" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo:" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo:", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo\\{" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo{" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo%7B"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo%7B", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo\\(" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo(" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo(", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "javascript", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "javascript", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "javascript", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "var x = 1;", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "javascript", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "var%20x%20=%201;"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "javascript", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "baseURL": "javascript:var x = 1;" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "javascript", "groups": {}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "var x = 1;", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "(data|javascript)", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "javascript", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "javascript", "groups": {"0": "javascript"}},
+      "pathname": { "input": "var x = 1;", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "(https|javascript)", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "javascript", "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "var%20x%20=%201;"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "var x = 1;" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "var%20x%20=%201;"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "var%20x%20=%201;", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [ "./foo/bar", "https://example.com" ],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" } },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": { "0": "https" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }],
+    "inputs": [ { "pathname": "/foo/bar" }, "https://example.com" ],
+    "expected_match": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com:8080/foo?bar#baz" ],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo", "search": "bar", "hash": "baz",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com:8080" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "username": "*",
+      "password": "*",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "port": "8080",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "port": { "input": "8080", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "baz", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "/foo?bar#baz", "https://example.com:8080" ],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/foo", "search": "bar", "hash": "baz",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com:8080" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "port": { "input": "8080", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "baz", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "/foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "example.com/foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "http{s}?://{*.}?example.com/:product/:endpoint" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://sub.example.com/foo/bar" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "http{s}?",
+      "hostname": "{*.}?example.com",
+      "pathname": "/:product/:endpoint"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "sub.example.com", "groups": { "0": "sub" } },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": { "product": "foo",
+                                                     "endpoint": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/",
+      "search": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com#foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/#foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port", "search" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/",
+      "hash": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com:8080?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com:8080/?foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "port": "8080",
+      "pathname": "/",
+      "search": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "port": { "input": "8080", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com:8080#foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com:8080/#foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "search" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "port": "8080",
+      "pathname": "/",
+      "hash": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "port": { "input": "8080", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/",
+      "search": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/#foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/#foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port", "search" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/",
+      "hash": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/*?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/*?foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/*\\?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/*",
+      "search": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "" } },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/:name?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/bar?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/:name?foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/:name\\?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/bar?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/:name",
+      "search": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/bar", "groups": { "name": "bar" } },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/(bar)?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/bar?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/(bar)?foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/(bar)\\?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/bar?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/(bar)",
+      "search": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/bar", "groups": { "0": "bar" } },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/{bar}?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/bar?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/{bar}?foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/{bar}\\?foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/bar?foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/bar",
+      "search": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/bar", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com:8080/" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "port": "",
+      "pathname": "/"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "data:foobar" ],
+    "inputs": [ "data:foobar" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "data\\:foobar" ],
+    "inputs": [ "data:foobar" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "hostname", "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "data",
+      "pathname": "foobar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "data", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://{sub.}?example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "{sub.}?example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://{sub.}?example{.com/}foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "{https://}example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://(sub.)?example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "(sub.)?example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo"
+    },
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": null } },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://(sub.)?example(.com/)foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "(sub.)?example(.com/)foo",
+      "pathname": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "(https://)example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://{sub{.}}example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://(sub(?:.))?example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "(sub(?:.))?example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo"
+    },
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": null } },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "file:///foo/bar" ],
+    "inputs": [ "file:///foo/bar" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "hostname", "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "file",
+      "pathname": "/foo/bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "file", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo/bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "data:" ],
+    "inputs": [ "data:" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "hostname", "port", "pathname" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "data"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "data", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "foo://bar" ],
+    "inputs": [ "foo://bad_url_browser_interop" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "foo",
+      "hostname": "bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "(café)://foo" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com/foo?bar#baz" ],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "https:",
+                 "search": "?bar",
+                 "hash": "#baz",
+                 "baseURL": "http://example.com/foo" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": "http{s}?:",
+                  "search": "?bar",
+                  "hash": "#baz" }],
+    "inputs": [ "http://example.com/foo?bar#baz" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "http{s}?",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" }},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": { "0": "/foo" }},
+      "search": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "baz", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "?bar#baz", "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "?bar#baz", "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "baz", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "?bar", "https://example.com/foo#baz" ],
+    "inputs": [ "?bar", "https://example.com/foo#snafu" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "#baz", "https://example.com/foo?bar" ],
+    "inputs": [ "#baz", "https://example.com/foo?bar" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "baz", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "#baz", "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "inputs": [ "#baz", "https://example.com/foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port", "search" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/foo", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "baz", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "*" }],
+    "inputs": [ "foo", "data:data-urls-cannot-be-base-urls" ],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "*" }],
+    "inputs": [ "foo", "not|a|valid|url" ],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://foo\\:bar@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://foo:bar@example.com" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "username": "foo",
+      "password": "bar",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "username": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} },
+      "password": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "/" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://foo@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://foo@example.com" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "username": "foo",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "username": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "/" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://\\:bar@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://:bar@example.com" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "username", "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "password": "bar",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "password": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "/" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://:user::pass@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://foo:bar@example.com" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "username": ":user",
+      "password": ":pass",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "username": { "input": "foo", "groups": { "user": "foo" } },
+      "password": { "input": "bar", "groups": { "pass": "bar" } },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "/" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https\\:foo\\:bar@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https:foo:bar@example.com" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "username": "foo",
+      "password": "bar",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "username": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} },
+      "password": { "input": "bar", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "/" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "data\\:foo\\:bar@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "data:foo:bar@example.com" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "hostname", "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "data",
+      "pathname": "foo\\:bar@example.com"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "data", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "foo:bar@example.com", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://foo{\\:}bar@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://foo:bar@example.com" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "username": "foo%3Abar",
+      "hostname": "example.com"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "data{\\:}channel.html", "https://example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/data:channel.html" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "pathname": "/data\\:channel.html",
+      "search": "*",
+      "hash": "*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/data:channel.html", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "http://[\\:\\:1]/" ],
+    "inputs": [ "http://[::1]/" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "http",
+      "hostname": "[\\:\\:1]",
+      "pathname": "/"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::1]", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "http://[\\:\\:1]:8080/" ],
+    "inputs": [ "http://[::1]:8080/" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "http",
+      "hostname": "[\\:\\:1]",
+      "port": "8080",
+      "pathname": "/"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::1]", "groups": {} },
+      "port": { "input": "8080", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "http://[\\:\\:a]/" ],
+    "inputs": [ "http://[::a]/" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "http",
+      "hostname": "[\\:\\:a]",
+      "pathname": "/"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::a]", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "http://[:address]/" ],
+    "inputs": [ "http://[::1]/" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "http",
+      "hostname": "[:address]",
+      "pathname": "/"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::1]", "groups": { "address": "::1" }},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "http://[\\:\\:AB\\::num]/" ],
+    "inputs": [ "http://[::ab:1]/" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "http",
+      "hostname": "[\\:\\:ab\\::num]",
+      "pathname": "/"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "http", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::ab:1]", "groups": { "num": "1" }},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "[\\:\\:AB\\::num]" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "[::ab:1]" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "hostname": "[\\:\\:ab\\::num]"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::ab:1]", "groups": { "num": "1" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "[\\:\\:xY\\::num]" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "{[\\:\\:ab\\::num]}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "[::ab:1]" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::ab:1]", "groups": { "num": "1" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "{[\\:\\:fé\\::num]}" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "{[\\:\\::num\\:1]}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "[::ab:1]" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::ab:1]", "groups": { "num": "ab" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "{[\\:\\::num\\:fé]}" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "[*\\:1]" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hostname": "[::ab:1]" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "[::ab:1]", "groups": { "0": "::ab" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "*\\:1]" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://foo{{@}}example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://foo@example.com" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://foo{@example.com" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://foo@example.com" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "data\\:text/javascript,let x = 100/:tens?5;" ],
+    "inputs": [ "data:text/javascript,let x = 100/5;" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "hostname", "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "data",
+      "pathname": "text/javascript,let x = 100/:tens?5;"
+    },
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "data", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "text/javascript,let x = 100/5;", "groups": { "tens": null } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/:id/:id" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo", "baseURL": "" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "/foo", "" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo" }, "https://example.com" ],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":name*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "name": "foobar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":name+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "name": "foobar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":name" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "name": "foobar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": ":name*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "name": "foobar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": ":name+" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "name": "foobar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "protocol": ":name" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "protocol": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "name": "foobar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad#hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad%hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad/hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad\\:hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad<hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad>hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad?hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad@hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad[hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad]hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad\\\\hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad^hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad|hostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad\nhostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad\rhostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hostname": "bad\thostname" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{}],
+    "inputs": ["https://example.com/"],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": { "0": "https" }},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" }},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "/" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [],
+    "inputs": ["https://example.com/"],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": { "0": "https" }},
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": { "0": "example.com" }},
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": { "0": "/" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [],
+    "inputs": [{}],
+    "expected_match": {}
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [],
+    "inputs": [],
+    "expected_match": { "inputs": [{}] }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "(foo)(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "0": "foo", "1": "barbaz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{(foo)bar}(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "0": "foo", "1": "baz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "(foo)?(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "(foo)?*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "0": "foo", "1": "barbaz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "foo": "f", "0": "oobarbaz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}(barbaz)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "foo": "foo", "0": "barbaz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}{(.*)}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "{:foo}(.*)"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "foo": "f", "0": "oobarbaz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}{(.*)bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": ":foo{*bar}"
+    },
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}{bar(.*)}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": ":foo{bar*}"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "foo": "foo", "0": "baz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}:bar(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": ":foo:bar(.*)"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "foo": "f", "bar": "oobarbaz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}?(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobarbaz" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": ":foo?*"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobarbaz", "groups": { "foo": "f", "0": "oobarbaz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo\\bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "foo": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo\\.bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo.bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "{:foo.bar}"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foo.bar", "groups": { "foo": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo(foo)bar}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "foo": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "{:foo}bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "foo": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo\\bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "{:foo}bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "foo": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo{}(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "{:foo}(.*)"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "foo": "f", "0": "oobar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo{}bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "{:foo}bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "foo": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo{}?bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "{:foo}bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "foo": "foo" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "*{}**?" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foobar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "*(.*)?"
+    },
+    "//": "The `null` below is translated to undefined in the test harness.",
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foobar", "groups": { "0": "foobar", "1": null }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo(baz)(.*)" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "bazbar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "bazbar", "groups": { "foo": "baz", "0": "bar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo(baz)bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "bazbar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "bazbar", "groups": { "foo": "baz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "*/*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "foo", "1": "bar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "*\\/*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "*/{*}"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "foo", "1": "bar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "*/{*}" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "foo/bar", "groups": { "0": "foo", "1": "bar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "*//*" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "foo/bar" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/:foo." }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/bar." }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/bar.", "groups": { "foo": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/:foo.." }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/bar.." }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/bar..", "groups": { "foo": "bar" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "./foo" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "./foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "./foo", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "../foo" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "../foo" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "../foo", "groups": {}}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo./" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "bar./" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "bar./", "groups": { "foo": "bar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": ":foo../" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "bar../" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "bar../", "groups": { "foo": "bar" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/:foo\\bar" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/bazbar" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "{/:foo}bar"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/bazbar", "groups": { "foo": "baz" }}
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/foo/bar" }, { "ignoreCase": true }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/FOO/BAR" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/FOO/BAR", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "ignoreCase": true }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/FOO/BAR" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/FOO/BAR", "groups": { "0": "/FOO/BAR" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "https://example.com:8080/foo?bar#baz",
+                 { "ignoreCase": true }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/FOO", "search": "BAR", "hash": "BAZ",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com:8080" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "port": "8080",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "port": { "input": "8080", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/FOO", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "BAR", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "BAZ", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "/foo?bar#baz", "https://example.com:8080",
+                 { "ignoreCase": true }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/FOO", "search": "BAR", "hash": "BAZ",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com:8080" }],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "protocol": "https",
+      "hostname": "example.com",
+      "port": "8080",
+      "pathname": "/foo",
+      "search": "bar",
+      "hash": "baz"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "port": { "input": "8080", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/FOO", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "BAR", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "BAZ", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "/foo?bar#baz", { "ignoreCase": true },
+                 "https://example.com:8080" ],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/FOO", "search": "BAR", "hash": "BAZ",
+                 "baseURL": "https://example.com:8080" }],
+    "expected_obj": "error"
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "search": "foo", "baseURL": "https://example.com/a/+/b" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "search": "foo", "baseURL": "https://example.com/a/+/b" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "pathname": "/a/\\+/b"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/a/+/b", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "hash": "foo", "baseURL": "https://example.com/?q=*&v=?&hmm={}&umm=()" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "hash": "foo", "baseURL": "https://example.com/?q=*&v=?&hmm={}&umm=()" }],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "search": "q=\\*&v=\\?&hmm=\\{\\}&umm=\\(\\)"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "q=*&v=?&hmm={}&umm=()", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [ "#foo", "https://example.com/?q=*&v=?&hmm={}&umm=()" ],
+    "inputs": [ "https://example.com/?q=*&v=?&hmm={}&umm=()#foo" ],
+    "exactly_empty_components": [ "port" ],
+    "expected_obj": {
+      "search": "q=\\*&v=\\?&hmm=\\{\\}&umm=\\(\\)",
+      "hash": "foo"
+    },
+    "expected_match": {
+      "hostname": { "input": "example.com", "groups": {} },
+      "pathname": { "input": "/", "groups": {} },
+      "protocol": { "input": "https", "groups": {} },
+      "search": { "input": "q=*&v=?&hmm={}&umm=()", "groups": {} },
+      "hash": { "input": "foo", "groups": {} }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/([[a-z]--a])" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/a" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/([[a-z]--a])" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/z" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/z", "groups": { "0": "z" } }
+    }
+  },
+    {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/([\\d&&[0-1]])" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/0" }],
+    "expected_match": {
+      "pathname": { "input": "/0", "groups": { "0": "0" } }
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    "pattern": [{ "pathname": "/([\\d&&[0-1]])" }],
+    "inputs": [{ "pathname": "/3" }],
+    "expected_match": null
+  }
+]
diff --git a/tests/wpt_tests.cpp b/tests/wpt_tests.cpp
index eadf05818..1e5f7c567 100644
--- a/tests/wpt_tests.cpp
+++ b/tests/wpt_tests.cpp
@@ -278,33 +278,52 @@ TYPED_TEST(wpt_tests_typed, toascii_encoding) {
         // tests.
         // @see
         // https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt/blob/master/url/toascii.window.js
-        auto current =
-            ada::parse<TypeParam>("https://" + std::string(input) + "/x");
-
-        if (expected_output.type() == ondemand::json_type::string) {
+        if (output.has_value()) {
           std::string_view stringified_output = expected_output.get_string();
-          ASSERT_EQ(current->get_host(), stringified_output);
-          ASSERT_EQ(current->get_hostname(), stringified_output);
-          ASSERT_EQ(current->get_pathname(), "/x");
-          ASSERT_EQ(current->get_href(),
-                    "https://" + std::string(stringified_output) + "/x");
-        } else if (expected_output.is_null()) {
-          ASSERT_FALSE(current.has_value());
-        }
-
-        // Test setters for host and hostname values.
-        auto setter = ada::parse<TypeParam>("https://x/x");
-        ASSERT_EQ(setter->set_host(input), !expected_output.is_null());
-        ASSERT_EQ(setter->set_hostname(input), !expected_output.is_null());
+          ASSERT_EQ(output.value(), stringified_output);
+
+          std::string url_string =
+              "https://" + std::string(output.value()) + "/x";
+          auto current = ada::parse<TypeParam>(url_string);
+
+          if (expected_output.type() == ondemand::json_type::string) {
+            std::string_view stringified_output = expected_output.get_string();
+            if (!current.has_value()) {
+              std::cerr << "The URL instance could not be created from '";
+              for (uint8_t c : url_string) {
+                if (c >= 32 && c <= 126) {
+                  std::cerr << (char)c;
+                } else {
+                  // non-printable characters
+                  std::cerr << "\\x" << std::hex << (uint32_t)c;
+                }
+              }
+              std::cerr << "'" << std::endl;
+            }
+            ASSERT_TRUE(current.has_value());
+            ASSERT_EQ(current->get_host(), stringified_output);
+            ASSERT_EQ(current->get_hostname(), stringified_output);
+            ASSERT_EQ(current->get_pathname(), "/x");
+            ASSERT_EQ(current->get_href(),
+                      "https://" + std::string(stringified_output) + "/x");
+          } else if (expected_output.is_null()) {
+            ASSERT_FALSE(current.has_value());
+          }
 
-        if (expected_output.type() == ondemand::json_type::string) {
-          std::string_view stringified_output = expected_output.get_string();
-          ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_host(), stringified_output);
-          ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_hostname(), stringified_output);
-        } else if (expected_output.is_null()) {
-          // host and hostname should not be updated if the input is invalid.
-          ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_host(), "x");
-          ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_hostname(), "x");
+          // Test setters for host and hostname values.
+          auto setter = ada::parse<TypeParam>("https://x/x");
+          ASSERT_EQ(setter->set_host(input), !expected_output.is_null());
+          ASSERT_EQ(setter->set_hostname(input), !expected_output.is_null());
+
+          if (expected_output.type() == ondemand::json_type::string) {
+            std::string_view stringified_output = expected_output.get_string();
+            ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_host(), stringified_output);
+            ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_hostname(), stringified_output);
+          } else if (expected_output.is_null()) {
+            // host and hostname should not be updated if the input is invalid.
+            ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_host(), "x");
+            ASSERT_EQ(setter->get_hostname(), "x");
+          }
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/tools/update-wpt.sh b/tools/update-wpt.sh
index 6dd13c9e6..0ba85a7c9 100755
--- a/tools/update-wpt.sh
+++ b/tools/update-wpt.sh
@@ -23,5 +23,7 @@ git clone \
   https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt.git wpt
 cd wpt
 git sparse-checkout add "url/resources"
+git sparse-checkout add "urlpattern/resources"
 git checkout
 cp url/resources/*.json "$WPT_DIR"
+cp urlpattern/resources/*.json "$WPT_DIR"