[SPARK-39376][SQL] Hide duplicated columns in star expansion of subquery alias from NATURAL/USING JOIN

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Follows up from #31666. This PR introduced a bug where the qualified star expansion of a subquery alias containing a NATURAL/USING output duplicated columns.

### Why are the changes needed?

Duplicated, hidden columns should not be output from a star expansion.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

The query

```
val df1 = Seq((3, 8)).toDF("a", "b")
val df2 = Seq((8, 7)).toDF("b", "d")
val joinDF = df1.join(df2, "b")
joinDF.alias("r").select("r.*")
```

Now outputs a single column `b`, instead of two (duplicate) columns for `b`.

### How was this patch tested?

UTs

Closes #36763 from karenfeng/SPARK-39376.

Authored-by: Karen Feng <karen.feng@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>

Author: karenfeng

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/basicLogicalOperators.scala

@@ -1303,7 +1303,8 @@ case class SubqueryAlias(
 
   override def metadataOutput: Seq[Attribute] = {
     val qualifierList = identifier.qualifier :+ alias
-    child.metadataOutput.map(_.withQualifier(qualifierList))
+    val nonHiddenMetadataOutput = child.metadataOutput.filter(!_.supportsQualifiedStar)
+    nonHiddenMetadataOutput.map(_.withQualifier(qualifierList))
   }
 
   override def maxRows: Option[Long] = child.maxRows

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/DataFrameJoinSuite.scala

@@ -499,4 +499,26 @@ class DataFrameJoinSuite extends QueryTest
       )
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-39376: Hide duplicated columns in star expansion of subquery alias from USING JOIN") {
+    val joinDf = testData2.as("testData2").join(
+      testData3.as("testData3"), usingColumns = Seq("a"), joinType = "fullouter")
+    val equivalentQueries = Seq(
+      joinDf.select($"*"),
+      joinDf.as("r").select($"*"),
+      joinDf.as("r").select($"r.*")
+    )
+    equivalentQueries.foreach { query =>
+      checkAnswer(query,
+        Seq(
+          Row(1, 1, null),
+          Row(1, 2, null),
+          Row(2, 1, 2),
+          Row(2, 2, 2),
+          Row(3, 1, null),
+          Row(3, 2, null)
+        )
+      )
+    }
+  }
 }