diff --git a/chicago-author-date-17th-edition.csl b/chicago-author-date-17th-edition.csl
index f857069c05..8f66238d96 100644
--- a/chicago-author-date-17th-edition.csl
+++ b/chicago-author-date-17th-edition.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (author-date)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (author-date [15.5])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (author-date/AD [15.5])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-17th-edition</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-17th-edition" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, 17th edition</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -279,6 +279,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -300,6 +306,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -392,6 +404,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -596,26 +610,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -693,7 +726,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -729,15 +765,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -754,12 +790,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -801,31 +837,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -993,18 +1025,18 @@
         <if variable="title">
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1028,7 +1060,7 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1044,7 +1076,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1094,7 +1126,7 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1103,7 +1135,7 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1155,9 +1187,9 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
     <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <text macro="title-primary"/>
@@ -1210,8 +1242,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1359,7 +1414,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1412,13 +1482,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1429,18 +1497,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1472,7 +1578,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1489,12 +1597,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1563,7 +1705,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1706,7 +1848,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1726,6 +1868,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1733,7 +1876,7 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
-  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if type="patent">
@@ -1791,7 +1934,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2041,10 +2184,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2112,8 +2256,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2186,12 +2330,12 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2288,7 +2432,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2464,7 +2608,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2487,10 +2640,10 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2539,7 +2692,41 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
     <choose>
       <if variable="part-title">
         <text macro="title-part"/>
@@ -2575,8 +2762,8 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
-    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -2610,7 +2797,7 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <choose>
             <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
@@ -2695,8 +2882,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2774,7 +2961,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2783,12 +2975,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2799,6 +2991,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3020,7 +3214,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3043,7 +3237,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3105,7 +3299,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3156,7 +3352,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
     <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
     <choose>
@@ -3194,7 +3390,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3380,90 +3576,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3809,45 +4029,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/chicago-author-date-access-dates.csl b/chicago-author-date-access-dates.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77ee49e6fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-author-date-access-dates.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4143 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date, access dates)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date/AD [13.102], access dates [13.15])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-access-dates</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-access-dates" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, with access dates for all electronic sources (CMOS18 13.15)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-inline">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-inline-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if variable="container-title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-inline-and-recipient">
+    <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <!-- reprints and earlier editions may give original year in brackets (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          <group>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <group>
+          <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="collection">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-sort-group">
+    <!-- Sort items with and without dates (CMOS18 14.44):
+
+          1. items with dates (= 0)
+          2. `no date` items (= 1)
+          3. items with `status` (forthcoming, in press, etc.) (= 2) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <text value="0"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text value="2"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- n.d. -->
+        <text value="1"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-sort-year">
+    <!-- while reference lists are to be sorted chronologically (CMOS18 13.112), it appears that only the year is to be taken into account (CMOS18 13.114) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-month">
+    <date variable="issued">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-month-day">
+    <date variable="issued">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+      <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-month">
+    <date variable="original-date">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-month-day">
+    <date variable="original-date">
+      <date-part name="month"/>
+      <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
+    </date>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
+    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </if>
+      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
+      <else-if variable="part-title">
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="volume-title">
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="title-primary"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="part-number volume">
+                <group delimiter=", ">
+                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+                  <text value="of"/>
+                </group>
+              </if>
+              <else-if variable="part-number">
+                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if variable="volume">
+                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="title-primary"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <choose>
+                    <!-- no extra date details with a volume plus issue/supplement -->
+                    <if variable="issue volume"/>
+                    <else-if variable="supplement-number"/>
+                    <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
+                    <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+                      <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                      <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. '4th ser.') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="volume">
+                <choose>
+                  <if variable="collection-title">
+                    <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                    <!-- provide label if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                    <choose>
+                      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                        <text variable="volume"/>
+                      </if>
+                      <!-- TODO: when CSL provides date part detection, volume should be lowercase if there is a month, but otherwise capitalized -->
+                      <else>
+                        <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+                      </else>
+                    </choose>
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else>
+                    <text variable="volume"/>
+                  </else>
+                </choose>
+                <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number">
+                      <text variable="issue"/>
+                      <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+                          <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                          <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                        </if>
+                      </choose>
+                    </else-if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+                      <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                      <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </group>
+              </if>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number">
+                <group delimiter=" ">
+                  <group delimiter=", ">
+                    <text macro="label-issue"/>
+                    <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+                  </group>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                      <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                </group>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+              <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (cf. CMOS18 14.110) -->
+              <text variable="publisher"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="part-title">
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="volume-title">
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            <text value="of"/>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="part-number volume">
+                <group delimiter=", ">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+                  <text value="of"/>
+                </group>
+              </if>
+              <else-if variable="part-number">
+                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if variable="volume">
+                <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                <text value="of"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
+        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day-serial"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-month-day"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-month-day">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-month-day` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+            <text macro="date-original-month"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+                <text macro="date-original-month"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-month-day"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-author-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author locator">
+            <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <!-- unsigned reference entry title appears in the locator (CMOS18 13.130) -->
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                  <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                  <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+            </group>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="DOI URL"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-author-date-item">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <text macro="author-inline"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+                  <group delimiter=" ">
+                    <text macro="author-inline"/>
+                    <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  </group>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="author-inline"/>
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <text macro="author-inline"/>
+          <text macro="date-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation after-collapse-delimiter="; " collapse="year" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+              </group>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+              </group>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="citation-author-date-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-author-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-author-date">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="date"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="date-sort-group"/>
+      <key macro="date-sort-year"/>
+      <key macro="date"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key variable="issued"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-author-date"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
index c187df2b45..687ea34d46 100644
--- a/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date, archival references with place first, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date [13.102], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date/AD [13.102], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -599,26 +613,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -696,7 +729,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -732,15 +768,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -757,12 +793,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -804,31 +840,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -976,18 +1008,18 @@
         <if variable="title">
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1011,7 +1043,7 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1027,7 +1059,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1077,7 +1109,7 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1086,7 +1118,7 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1138,9 +1170,9 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
     <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <text macro="title-primary"/>
@@ -1193,8 +1225,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1342,7 +1397,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1395,13 +1465,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1412,18 +1480,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1455,7 +1561,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1472,12 +1580,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1546,7 +1688,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1689,7 +1831,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1709,6 +1851,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1716,7 +1859,7 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
-  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if type="patent">
@@ -1774,7 +1917,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2024,10 +2167,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2095,8 +2239,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2169,12 +2313,12 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2271,7 +2415,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2341,7 +2485,7 @@
                     <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
                     <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2385,14 +2529,14 @@
                       <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                       <choose>
                         <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                          <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                           <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                           <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                         </if>
                       </choose>
                     </else-if>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2407,7 +2551,7 @@
                   </group>
                   <choose>
                     <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                     </if>
@@ -2444,7 +2588,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2457,7 +2601,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2480,10 +2633,10 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2532,7 +2685,41 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
     <choose>
       <if variable="part-title">
         <text macro="title-part"/>
@@ -2568,8 +2755,8 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
-    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -2603,7 +2790,7 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <choose>
             <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
@@ -2688,8 +2875,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2771,7 +2958,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2780,14 +2972,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2798,6 +2990,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3213,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3236,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3298,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3155,7 +3351,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
     <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
     <choose>
@@ -3173,7 +3369,7 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3345,71 +3541,100 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3745,45 +3970,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first.csl
index e6cfef123d..e23aa7b001 100644
--- a/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first.csl
+++ b/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date, archival references with place first)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date [13.102], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date/AD [13.102], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-archive-place-first" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -599,26 +613,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -696,7 +729,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -732,15 +768,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -757,12 +793,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -804,31 +840,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -976,18 +1008,18 @@
         <if variable="title">
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1011,7 +1043,7 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1027,7 +1059,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1077,7 +1109,7 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1086,7 +1118,7 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1138,9 +1170,9 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
     <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <text macro="title-primary"/>
@@ -1193,8 +1225,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1342,7 +1397,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1395,13 +1465,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1412,18 +1480,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1455,7 +1561,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1472,12 +1580,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1546,7 +1688,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1689,7 +1831,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1709,6 +1851,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1716,7 +1859,7 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
-  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if type="patent">
@@ -1774,7 +1917,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2024,10 +2167,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2095,8 +2239,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2169,12 +2313,12 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2271,7 +2415,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2341,7 +2485,7 @@
                     <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
                     <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2385,14 +2529,14 @@
                       <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                       <choose>
                         <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                          <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                           <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                           <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                         </if>
                       </choose>
                     </else-if>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2407,7 +2551,7 @@
                   </group>
                   <choose>
                     <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                     </if>
@@ -2444,7 +2588,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2457,7 +2601,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2480,10 +2633,10 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2532,7 +2685,41 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
     <choose>
       <if variable="part-title">
         <text macro="title-part"/>
@@ -2568,8 +2755,8 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
-    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -2603,7 +2790,7 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <choose>
             <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
@@ -2688,8 +2875,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2771,7 +2958,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2780,14 +2972,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2798,6 +2990,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3213,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3236,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3298,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3155,7 +3351,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
     <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
     <choose>
@@ -3173,7 +3369,7 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3345,71 +3541,100 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3755,45 +3980,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/chicago-author-date-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-author-date-classic-no-url.csl
index 850bcdefc0..da62dc097c 100644
--- a/chicago-author-date-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-author-date-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date, classic variants, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date [13.102], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date/AD [13.102], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-classic-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-classic-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -599,26 +613,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -696,7 +729,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -732,15 +768,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -757,12 +793,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -804,31 +840,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -976,18 +1008,18 @@
         <if variable="title">
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1011,7 +1043,7 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1027,7 +1059,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1077,7 +1109,7 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1086,7 +1118,7 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1138,9 +1170,9 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
     <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <text macro="title-primary"/>
@@ -1193,8 +1225,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1342,7 +1397,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1395,13 +1465,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1412,18 +1480,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1455,7 +1561,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1472,12 +1580,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1546,7 +1688,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1689,7 +1831,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1709,6 +1851,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1716,7 +1859,7 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
-  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if type="patent">
@@ -1774,7 +1917,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2024,10 +2167,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2095,8 +2239,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2169,12 +2313,12 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2271,7 +2415,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2341,7 +2485,7 @@
                     <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
                     <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2385,14 +2529,14 @@
                       <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                       <choose>
                         <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                          <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                           <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                           <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                         </if>
                       </choose>
                     </else-if>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2407,7 +2551,7 @@
                   </group>
                   <choose>
                     <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                     </if>
@@ -2444,7 +2588,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2457,7 +2601,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2480,10 +2633,10 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2532,7 +2685,41 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
     <choose>
       <if variable="part-title">
         <text macro="title-part"/>
@@ -2568,8 +2755,8 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
-    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -2603,7 +2790,7 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <choose>
             <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
@@ -2688,8 +2875,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2767,7 +2954,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2776,12 +2968,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2792,6 +2984,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3013,7 +3207,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3036,7 +3230,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3098,7 +3292,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3149,7 +3345,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
     <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
     <choose>
@@ -3167,7 +3363,7 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3339,90 +3535,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3758,45 +3978,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/chicago-author-date-classic.csl b/chicago-author-date-classic.csl
index 60c5a83abb..dd0315e013 100644
--- a/chicago-author-date-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-author-date-classic.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date, classic variants)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date [13.102], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date/AD [13.102], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-classic</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-classic" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -599,26 +613,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -696,7 +729,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -732,15 +768,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -757,12 +793,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -804,31 +840,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -976,18 +1008,18 @@
         <if variable="title">
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1011,7 +1043,7 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1027,7 +1059,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1077,7 +1109,7 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1086,7 +1118,7 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1138,9 +1170,9 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
     <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <text macro="title-primary"/>
@@ -1193,8 +1225,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1342,7 +1397,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1395,13 +1465,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1412,18 +1480,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1455,7 +1561,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1472,12 +1580,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1546,7 +1688,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1689,7 +1831,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1709,6 +1851,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1716,7 +1859,7 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
-  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if type="patent">
@@ -1774,7 +1917,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2024,10 +2167,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2095,8 +2239,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2169,12 +2313,12 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2271,7 +2415,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2341,7 +2485,7 @@
                     <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
                     <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2385,14 +2529,14 @@
                       <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                       <choose>
                         <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                          <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                           <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                           <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                         </if>
                       </choose>
                     </else-if>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2407,7 +2551,7 @@
                   </group>
                   <choose>
                     <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                     </if>
@@ -2444,7 +2588,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2457,7 +2601,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2480,10 +2633,10 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2532,7 +2685,41 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
     <choose>
       <if variable="part-title">
         <text macro="title-part"/>
@@ -2568,8 +2755,8 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
-    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -2603,7 +2790,7 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <choose>
             <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
@@ -2688,8 +2875,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2767,7 +2954,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2776,12 +2968,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2792,6 +2984,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3013,7 +3207,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3036,7 +3230,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3098,7 +3292,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3149,7 +3345,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
     <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
     <choose>
@@ -3167,7 +3363,7 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3339,90 +3535,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3768,45 +3988,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/chicago-author-date-no-url.csl b/chicago-author-date-no-url.csl
index e5e617ef53..f5461b90a9 100644
--- a/chicago-author-date-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-author-date-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date [13.102], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date/AD [13.102], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -599,26 +613,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -696,7 +729,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -732,15 +768,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -757,12 +793,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -804,31 +840,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -976,18 +1008,18 @@
         <if variable="title">
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1011,7 +1043,7 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1027,7 +1059,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1077,7 +1109,7 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1086,7 +1118,7 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1138,9 +1170,9 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
     <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <text macro="title-primary"/>
@@ -1193,8 +1225,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1342,7 +1397,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1395,13 +1465,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1412,18 +1480,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1455,7 +1561,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1472,12 +1580,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1546,7 +1688,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1689,7 +1831,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1709,6 +1851,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1716,7 +1859,7 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
-  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if type="patent">
@@ -1774,7 +1917,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2024,10 +2167,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2095,8 +2239,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2169,12 +2313,12 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2271,7 +2415,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2341,7 +2485,7 @@
                     <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
                     <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2385,14 +2529,14 @@
                       <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                       <choose>
                         <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                          <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                           <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                           <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                         </if>
                       </choose>
                     </else-if>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2407,7 +2551,7 @@
                   </group>
                   <choose>
                     <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                     </if>
@@ -2444,7 +2588,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2457,7 +2601,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2480,10 +2633,10 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2532,7 +2685,41 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
     <choose>
       <if variable="part-title">
         <text macro="title-part"/>
@@ -2568,8 +2755,8 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
-    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -2603,7 +2790,7 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <choose>
             <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
@@ -2688,8 +2875,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2771,7 +2958,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2780,14 +2972,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2798,6 +2990,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3213,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3236,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3298,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3155,7 +3351,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
     <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
     <choose>
@@ -3173,7 +3369,7 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3345,90 +3541,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3764,45 +3984,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/chicago-author-date.csl b/chicago-author-date.csl
index 546369e281..d73671cfe2 100644
--- a/chicago-author-date.csl
+++ b/chicago-author-date.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (author-date)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date [13.102])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (author-date/AD [13.102])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -599,26 +613,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -696,7 +729,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -732,15 +768,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -757,12 +793,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -804,31 +840,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -976,18 +1008,18 @@
         <if variable="title">
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
-          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1011,7 +1043,7 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1027,7 +1059,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1077,7 +1109,7 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1086,7 +1118,7 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1138,9 +1170,9 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
+  <macro name="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Use with author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21). -->
     <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <text macro="title-primary"/>
@@ -1193,8 +1225,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1342,7 +1397,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1395,13 +1465,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1412,18 +1480,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1455,7 +1561,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1472,12 +1580,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1546,7 +1688,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1689,7 +1831,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1709,6 +1851,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1716,7 +1859,7 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
-  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+  <macro name="identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
     <group delimiter=". ">
       <choose>
         <if type="patent">
@@ -1774,7 +1917,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2024,10 +2167,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2095,8 +2239,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- In author-date, bibliography must be listed under the individual volume title rather than the general title of the multivolume set; this is also allowable in notes styles (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2169,12 +2313,12 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2271,7 +2415,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2341,7 +2485,7 @@
                     <!-- nothing to substitute if there is no issue/supplement/volume -->
                     <else-if match="none" variable="issue volume"/>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2385,14 +2529,14 @@
                       <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                       <choose>
                         <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                          <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                          <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                           <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                           <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                         </if>
                       </choose>
                     </else-if>
                     <else>
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                     </else>
@@ -2407,7 +2551,7 @@
                   </group>
                   <choose>
                     <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                      <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                      <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                       <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                       <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                     </if>
@@ -2444,7 +2588,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2457,7 +2601,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2480,10 +2633,10 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
-            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2532,7 +2685,41 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first">
     <choose>
       <if variable="part-title">
         <text macro="title-part"/>
@@ -2568,8 +2755,8 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
-    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib-specific-title-first` -->
     <choose>
       <if variable="container-title">
         <group delimiter=", ">
@@ -2603,7 +2790,7 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/>
           <choose>
             <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
@@ -2688,8 +2875,8 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first">
+    <!-- based on `identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first` without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
         <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
@@ -2771,7 +2958,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2780,14 +2972,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2798,6 +2990,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3213,7 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/>
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3236,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3298,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3155,7 +3351,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
+  <macro name="source-date-bib-specific-title-first">
     <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
     <choose>
@@ -3173,7 +3369,7 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3345,90 +3541,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3774,45 +3994,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/chicago-figures.csl b/chicago-figures.csl
deleted file mode 100644
index 671339748e..0000000000
--- a/chicago-figures.csl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" initialize="false" demote-non-dropping-particle="never" default-locale="en-US">
-  <!-- This style was edited with the Visual CSL Editor (http://editor.citationstyles.org/visualEditor/) -->
-  <info>
-    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition (figures and illustrations)</title>
-    <title-short>chicago-figures</title-short>
-    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-figures</id>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-figures" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="https://github.com/citation-style-language/styles/pull/442" rel="documentation"/>
-    <author>
-      <name>Alex Watkins</name>
-    </author>
-    <category citation-format="numeric"/>
-    <category field="humanities"/>
-    <summary>Follows the Chicago Manual for Figure lists. Natural Name order, commas separate elements, currently working with artwork item types, and to facilitate citing images that come from books, book part.</summary>
-    <updated>2013-06-20T20:16:50+00:00</updated>
-    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
-  </info>
-  <citation>
-    <sort>
-      <key variable="citation-number"/>
-    </sort>
-    <layout delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
-      <group delimiter=" ">
-        <text term="figure" form="short"/>
-        <text variable="citation-number"/>
-      </group>
-    </layout>
-  </citation>
-  <bibliography>
-    <sort>
-      <key variable="citation-number"/>
-    </sort>
-    <layout suffix=".">
-      <group delimiter=" ">
-        <text term="figure"/>
-        <text variable="citation-number" suffix="."/>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <names variable="author"/>
-          <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if type="graphic" match="any">
-              <group delimiter=", ">
-                <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued">
-                  <date-part name="year"/>
-                </date>
-                <text variable="medium"/>
-                <text variable="dimensions"/>
-                <text variable="archive"/>
-              </group>
-            </if>
-            <else-if type="chapter" match="any">
-              <group delimiter=", ">
-                <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" font-weight="normal" prefix="in "/>
-                <names variable="container-author" prefix="by "/>
-                <names variable="editor" prefix="edited by "/>
-                <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued">
-                  <date-part name="year"/>
-                </date>
-                <text variable="publisher-place"/>
-              </group>
-            </else-if>
-          </choose>
-        </group>
-      </group>
-    </layout>
-  </bibliography>
-</style>
diff --git a/chicago-in-text-full-no-url.csl b/chicago-in-text-full-no-url.csl
index e738a8d8db..8f8224bdef 100644
--- a/chicago-in-text-full-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-in-text-full-no-url.csl
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), full in-text citation (CMOS18 12.76), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="[" suffix="]">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,88 +5340,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5875,14 +5916,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5982,14 +6022,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-in-text-full.csl b/chicago-in-text-full.csl
index ad0c17fc50..915191b1fd 100644
--- a/chicago-in-text-full.csl
+++ b/chicago-in-text-full.csl
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), full in-text citation (CMOS18 12.76)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="[" suffix="]">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,88 +5340,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5885,14 +5926,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5992,14 +6032,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-no-url.csl b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-no-url.csl
index 7909982423..a514e79ded 100644
--- a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-only in-text citations (CMOS18 12.77), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -838,17 +899,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -872,7 +939,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -888,7 +957,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -938,7 +1007,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -947,7 +1018,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -999,25 +1072,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1054,8 +1108,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1203,7 +1280,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1256,13 +1348,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1273,18 +1363,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1316,7 +1444,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1333,12 +1463,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1407,7 +1571,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1550,7 +1714,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1570,6 +1734,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1613,7 +1778,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1635,7 +1804,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1885,10 +2054,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -1957,66 +2127,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2031,11 +2214,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2132,7 +2319,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2201,7 +2388,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2239,12 +2428,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2272,7 +2465,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2285,7 +2480,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2308,10 +2512,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2360,16 +2568,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2411,7 +2640,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2431,10 +2664,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2516,90 +2751,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2608,14 +2768,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2626,6 +2786,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -2847,7 +3009,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -2870,7 +3034,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -2932,7 +3096,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -2983,24 +3149,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3042,13 +3190,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3256,12 +3403,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3277,8 +3426,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3291,88 +3448,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
diff --git a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title-no-url.csl b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title-no-url.csl
index 1fd87748ea..0ad3e8655c 100644
--- a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title in-text citations (CMOS18 12.77), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,90 +3646,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3912,14 +4089,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title.csl b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title.csl
index a81ca03c80..03272938b7 100644
--- a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title.csl
+++ b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author-title.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title in-text citations (CMOS18 12.77)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,90 +3646,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3922,14 +4099,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author.csl b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author.csl
index 3d40d72cfc..3b3bc0bcf3 100644
--- a/chicago-in-text-shortened-author.csl
+++ b/chicago-in-text-shortened-author.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-only in-text citations (CMOS18 12.77)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -838,17 +899,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -872,7 +939,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -888,7 +957,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -938,7 +1007,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -947,7 +1018,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -999,25 +1072,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1054,8 +1108,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1203,7 +1280,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1256,13 +1348,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1273,18 +1363,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1316,7 +1444,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1333,12 +1463,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1407,7 +1571,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1550,7 +1714,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1570,6 +1734,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1613,7 +1778,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1635,7 +1804,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1885,10 +2054,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -1957,66 +2127,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2031,11 +2214,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2132,7 +2319,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2201,7 +2388,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2239,12 +2428,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2272,7 +2465,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2285,7 +2480,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2308,10 +2512,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2360,16 +2568,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2411,7 +2640,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2431,10 +2664,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2516,90 +2751,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2608,14 +2768,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2626,6 +2786,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -2847,7 +3009,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -2870,7 +3034,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -2932,7 +3096,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -2983,24 +3149,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3042,13 +3190,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3256,12 +3403,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3277,8 +3426,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3291,88 +3448,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
diff --git a/chicago-notes-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
index f4de402e75..7a517caf4e 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +468,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +501,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +591,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +629,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +660,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +776,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +815,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +869,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1017,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1081,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1092,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1141,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1152,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1258,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1294,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1497,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1590,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1677,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1711,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1735,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1841,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2075,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2095,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2118,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2162,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2188,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2768,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2787,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,110 +2884,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2896,11 +2971,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3013,7 +3092,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3185,7 +3264,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3208,7 +3296,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3255,9 +3343,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3422,7 +3507,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3431,14 +3521,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3449,6 +3539,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3954,7 +4046,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4016,7 +4108,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4108,13 +4202,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4300,12 +4393,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4321,8 +4416,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4335,54 +4438,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4778,14 +4905,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-notes-archive-place-first.csl
index bd3309a963..2d0be8d70b 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-archive-place-first.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +468,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +501,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +591,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +629,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +660,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +776,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +815,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +869,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1017,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1081,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1092,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1141,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1152,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1258,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1294,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1497,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1590,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1677,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1711,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1735,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1841,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2075,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2095,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2118,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2162,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2188,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2768,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2787,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,110 +2884,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2896,11 +2971,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3013,7 +3092,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3185,7 +3264,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3208,7 +3296,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3255,9 +3343,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3422,7 +3507,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3431,14 +3521,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3449,6 +3539,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3954,7 +4046,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4016,7 +4108,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4108,13 +4202,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4300,12 +4393,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4321,8 +4416,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4335,54 +4438,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4788,14 +4915,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl
index 605faf5bb1..0cdd028453 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (notes and bibliography)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [14.19])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (notes and bibliography/NB [14.19])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-17th-edition</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-17th-edition" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, 17th edition</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -279,6 +279,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -311,6 +317,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -413,6 +425,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,6 +468,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -548,15 +570,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -582,7 +603,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -672,15 +693,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -705,6 +731,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -735,25 +772,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -856,7 +913,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -892,15 +952,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -946,31 +1006,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1098,17 +1154,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1154,7 +1216,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1170,7 +1234,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1213,7 +1277,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1224,7 +1288,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1273,7 +1337,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1282,7 +1348,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1386,25 +1454,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1441,8 +1490,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1621,7 +1693,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1699,33 +1786,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1774,7 +1873,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1806,7 +1907,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1828,7 +1931,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1934,7 +2037,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2168,7 +2271,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2188,6 +2291,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2210,6 +2314,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2253,7 +2358,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2275,7 +2384,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2855,10 +2964,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2873,10 +2983,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2969,106 +3080,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3078,11 +3163,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3251,7 +3340,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3281,7 +3370,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3390,7 +3479,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3428,12 +3519,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3560,7 +3655,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3591,7 +3688,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3614,10 +3720,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3643,7 +3753,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3724,22 +3834,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3799,7 +3893,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3819,10 +3917,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4042,86 +4142,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4130,12 +4159,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4146,6 +4175,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4674,7 +4705,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4735,7 +4768,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4758,7 +4791,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4861,7 +4894,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4879,7 +4914,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4969,24 +5006,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5028,13 +5047,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5254,12 +5272,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5275,8 +5295,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5296,88 +5324,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5865,14 +5910,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5971,8 +6015,8 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript">
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-access-dates.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-access-dates.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9b2cbc210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-access-dates.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,5979 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, access dates)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], access dates [13.15])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-access-dates</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-access-dates" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with access dates for all electronic sources (CMOS18 13.15)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="DOI URL"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="DOI URL"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <else-if type="post"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated-abstract.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated-abstract.csl
index 37155de534..4af53f0a3b 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated-abstract.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated-abstract.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, bibliography annotated with abstracts (CMOS18 13.68)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,110 +3083,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3085,11 +3170,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3258,7 +3347,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3288,7 +3377,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3397,7 +3486,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3435,12 +3526,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3567,7 +3662,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3598,7 +3695,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3621,10 +3727,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3650,7 +3760,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3731,22 +3841,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3806,7 +3900,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3826,10 +3924,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4049,90 +4149,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4141,14 +4166,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4159,6 +4184,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4687,7 +4714,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4748,7 +4777,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4771,7 +4800,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4874,7 +4903,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4892,7 +4923,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4982,24 +5015,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5041,13 +5056,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5275,12 +5289,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5296,8 +5312,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5317,88 +5341,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5819,14 +5860,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5897,45 +5937,9 @@
       <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
       <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
     </sort>
-    <layout suffix=".">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="classic">
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="author">
-              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-          <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
-        <else-if type="post"/>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
+    <layout>
+      <text macro="bibliography-notes" suffix="."/>
+      <text display="block" variable="abstract"/>
     </layout>
   </bibliography>
 </style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated.csl
index 3a8b4c4a4b..6cf7d53bfa 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-annotated.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with annotated bibliography (CMOS18 13.68)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,110 +3083,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3085,11 +3170,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3258,7 +3347,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3288,7 +3377,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3397,7 +3486,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3435,12 +3526,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3567,7 +3662,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3598,7 +3695,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3621,10 +3727,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3650,7 +3760,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3731,22 +3841,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3806,7 +3900,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3826,10 +3924,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4049,90 +4149,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4141,14 +4166,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4159,6 +4184,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4687,7 +4714,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4748,7 +4777,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4771,7 +4800,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4874,7 +4903,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4892,7 +4923,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4982,24 +5015,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5041,13 +5056,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5275,12 +5289,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5296,8 +5312,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5317,88 +5341,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5819,14 +5860,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5897,45 +5937,9 @@
       <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
       <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
     </sort>
-    <layout suffix=".">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="classic">
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="author">
-              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-          <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
-        <else-if type="post"/>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
+    <layout>
+      <text macro="bibliography-notes" suffix="."/>
+      <text display="block" variable="note"/>
     </layout>
   </bibliography>
 </style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
index 0db61bb426..971deede29 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, archival references with place first, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,69 +5340,91 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5789,14 +5835,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5893,14 +5938,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl
index a7d1661b60..ac8d04b6ae 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, archival references with place first)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first" rel="self"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,69 +5340,91 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5799,14 +5845,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5903,14 +5948,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
index 97e090cd2c..cfaae9b7e7 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, classic variants, archival references with place first, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,69 +5335,91 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5780,14 +5830,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5884,14 +5933,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first.csl
index 059f306831..76344100e8 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, classic variants, archival references with place first)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,69 +5335,91 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5790,14 +5840,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5894,14 +5943,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl
index e071aa11b2..f973bec3c9 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, classic variants, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,88 +5335,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5799,14 +5844,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5903,14 +5947,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic.csl
index 2f5078d84c..8291ea3791 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, classic variants)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,88 +5335,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5809,14 +5854,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5913,14 +5957,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl
index da96807988..f4c1b267dc 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,88 +5340,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5808,14 +5849,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5912,14 +5952,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl
index 4029ed9bc2..48d446af95 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent author-only citations, classic variants, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], subsequent author-only [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent author-only [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,88 +5335,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5866,14 +5911,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5973,14 +6017,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl
index f128ff8a0f..1dfbfdf67c 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent author-only citations, classic variants)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], subsequent author-only [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent author-only [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,88 +5335,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5876,14 +5921,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5983,14 +6027,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0862c566fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,6040 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent author-only citations, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent author-only [13.37], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-only">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="classic">
+        <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="locator">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="author-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </group>
+          </if>
+          <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="author-short"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if disambiguate="true">
+                    <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </group>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="author-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </group>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-short"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" position="ibid ibid-with-locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-only"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <else-if type="post"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition.csl
index f71be8757e..6158bb1de8 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent author-title)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [14.19], subsequent author-title [14.34])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (notes and bibliography/NB [14.19], subsequent author-title [14.34])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, 17th edition, with author-title subsequent shortened citations (CMOS17 14.34)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -279,6 +279,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -311,6 +317,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -413,6 +425,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,6 +468,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -548,15 +570,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -582,7 +603,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -672,15 +693,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -705,6 +731,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -735,25 +772,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -856,7 +913,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -892,15 +952,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -946,31 +1006,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1098,17 +1154,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1154,7 +1216,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1170,7 +1234,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1213,7 +1277,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1224,7 +1288,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1273,7 +1337,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1282,7 +1348,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1386,25 +1454,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1441,8 +1490,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1621,7 +1693,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1699,33 +1786,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1774,7 +1873,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1806,7 +1907,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1828,7 +1931,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1934,7 +2037,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2168,7 +2271,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2188,6 +2291,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2210,6 +2314,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2253,7 +2358,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2275,7 +2384,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2855,10 +2964,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2873,10 +2983,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2969,106 +3080,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3078,11 +3163,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3251,7 +3340,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3281,7 +3370,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3390,7 +3479,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3428,12 +3519,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3560,7 +3655,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3591,7 +3688,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3614,10 +3720,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3643,7 +3753,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3724,22 +3834,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3799,7 +3893,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3819,10 +3917,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4042,86 +4142,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4130,12 +4159,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4146,6 +4175,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4674,7 +4705,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4735,7 +4768,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4758,7 +4791,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4861,7 +4894,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4879,7 +4914,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4969,24 +5006,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5028,13 +5047,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5254,12 +5272,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5275,8 +5295,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5296,88 +5324,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5798,14 +5843,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5901,8 +5945,8 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript">
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
index 31e45850f6..3d7437bc36 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent author-only citations)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], subsequent author-only [13.37])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent author-only [13.37])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author" rel="self"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,88 +5340,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5885,14 +5926,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5992,14 +6032,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition.csl
index 07108f2732..c1d88ab26a 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid.)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [14.19], subsequent ibid. [14.34])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (notes and bibliography/NB [14.19], subsequent ibid. [14.34])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, 17th edition, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS17 14.34)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -279,6 +279,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -311,6 +317,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -413,6 +425,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,6 +468,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -548,15 +570,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -582,7 +603,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -672,15 +693,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -705,6 +731,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -735,25 +772,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -856,7 +913,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -892,15 +952,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -946,31 +1006,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1098,17 +1154,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1154,7 +1216,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1170,7 +1234,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1213,7 +1277,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1224,7 +1288,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1273,7 +1337,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1282,7 +1348,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1386,25 +1454,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1441,8 +1490,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1621,7 +1693,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1699,33 +1786,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1774,7 +1873,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1806,7 +1907,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1828,7 +1931,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1934,7 +2037,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2168,7 +2271,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2188,6 +2291,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2210,6 +2314,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2253,7 +2358,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2275,7 +2384,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2855,10 +2964,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2873,10 +2983,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2969,106 +3080,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3078,11 +3163,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3251,7 +3340,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3281,7 +3370,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3390,7 +3479,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3428,12 +3519,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3560,7 +3655,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3591,7 +3688,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3614,10 +3720,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3643,7 +3753,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3724,22 +3834,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3799,7 +3893,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3819,10 +3917,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4042,86 +4142,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4130,12 +4159,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4146,6 +4175,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4674,7 +4705,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4735,7 +4768,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4758,7 +4791,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4861,7 +4894,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4879,7 +4914,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4969,24 +5006,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5028,13 +5047,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5254,12 +5272,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5275,8 +5295,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5296,88 +5324,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5798,14 +5843,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5913,8 +5957,8 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript">
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl
index a37458e04d..6c6df6634b 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid., classic variants, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], subsequent ibid. [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent ibid. [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,88 +5335,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5799,14 +5844,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5915,14 +5959,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl
index 63b6826766..dcf1a14d65 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid., classic variants)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], subsequent ibid. [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent ibid. [13.37], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -314,6 +320,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -416,6 +428,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -457,6 +471,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -551,15 +573,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -585,7 +606,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -675,15 +696,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -708,6 +734,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -738,25 +775,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -859,7 +916,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -895,15 +955,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -949,31 +1009,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1101,17 +1157,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1157,7 +1219,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1173,7 +1237,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1216,7 +1280,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1227,7 +1291,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1276,7 +1340,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1285,7 +1351,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1389,25 +1457,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1444,8 +1493,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1624,7 +1696,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1702,33 +1789,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1777,7 +1876,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1809,7 +1910,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1831,7 +1934,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1937,7 +2040,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2171,7 +2274,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2191,6 +2294,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2213,6 +2317,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2256,7 +2361,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2278,7 +2387,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2858,10 +2967,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2876,10 +2986,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2972,106 +3083,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3081,11 +3166,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3254,7 +3343,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3284,7 +3373,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3393,7 +3482,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3431,12 +3522,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3563,7 +3658,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3594,7 +3691,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3617,10 +3723,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3646,7 +3756,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3727,22 +3837,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3802,7 +3896,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3822,10 +3920,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4045,86 +4145,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4133,12 +4162,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4149,6 +4178,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4677,7 +4708,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4738,7 +4771,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4761,7 +4794,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4864,7 +4897,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4882,7 +4917,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4972,24 +5009,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5031,13 +5050,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5265,12 +5283,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5286,8 +5306,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5307,88 +5335,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5809,14 +5854,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5925,14 +5969,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bf8eb827b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,5982 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid., without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent ibid. [13.37], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-ibid">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text term="ibid"/>
+      <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="ibid-with-locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-ibid"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if position="ibid">
+          <text term="ibid"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <else-if type="post"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
index 557ceb7141..c235a5c2f6 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid.)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], subsequent ibid. [13.37])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent ibid. [13.37])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid" rel="self"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,88 +5340,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5818,14 +5859,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5934,14 +5974,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..192cea694d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,6002 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent title-only citations, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent title-only [13.37], no URLs [13.6]</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with title-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-title-only">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" position="ibid ibid-with-locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-title-only"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <else-if type="post"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl
index 1a23c061b0..b780d7c434 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent title-only citations)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18], subsequent title-only [13.37])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18], subsequent title-only [13.37])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title" rel="self"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system, with title-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,88 +5340,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5818,14 +5859,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5954,14 +5994,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-bibliography.csl b/chicago-notes-bibliography.csl
index 6b03ceb94d..29b1a84974 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-bibliography.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-bibliography.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes and bibliography)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes and bibliography [13.18])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (full notes and bibliography/NB [13.18])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="self"/>
     <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes and bibliography system</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -281,6 +281,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -313,6 +319,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -415,6 +427,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -456,6 +470,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -550,15 +572,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -584,7 +605,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -674,15 +695,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -707,6 +733,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -737,25 +774,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -858,7 +915,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -894,15 +954,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -948,31 +1008,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -1100,17 +1156,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1156,7 +1218,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1172,7 +1236,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1215,7 +1279,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1226,7 +1290,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1275,7 +1339,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1284,7 +1350,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1388,25 +1456,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1443,8 +1492,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1623,7 +1695,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1701,33 +1788,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1776,7 +1875,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1808,7 +1909,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1830,7 +1933,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1936,7 +2039,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2170,7 +2273,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2190,6 +2293,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2212,6 +2316,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2255,7 +2360,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2277,7 +2386,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2857,10 +2966,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2875,10 +2985,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2971,110 +3082,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3084,11 +3169,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3257,7 +3346,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3287,7 +3376,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3396,7 +3485,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -3434,12 +3525,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -3566,7 +3661,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -3597,7 +3694,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3620,10 +3726,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -3649,7 +3759,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3730,22 +3840,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -3805,7 +3899,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -3825,10 +3923,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -4048,90 +4148,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -4140,14 +4165,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -4158,6 +4183,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -4686,7 +4713,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -4747,7 +4776,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4770,7 +4799,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4873,7 +4902,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4891,7 +4922,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4981,24 +5014,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -5040,13 +5055,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -5274,12 +5288,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -5295,8 +5311,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -5316,88 +5340,105 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -5818,14 +5859,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
@@ -5922,14 +5962,14 @@
           </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if match="any" type="document manuscript paper-conference speech">
-          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (CMOS18 14.115), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
+          <!-- In note styles, the bibliography also omits inaccessible manuscripts (CMOS18 14.114), conference papers (new in CMOS18 14.115; included in CMOS17 14.217), and private documents (CMOS18 14.118) -->
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
               <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
             </if>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <!-- social media content now omitted from the bibliography (CMOS18 14.106), but included in earlier editions (CMOS17 14.209) -->
+        <!-- social media content omitted from the bibliography (new in CMOS18 14.106; included in CMOS17 14.209) -->
         <else-if type="post"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b57689e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4956 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, classic variants, archival references with place first, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes only [13.23], classic variants [14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23); classic variants: chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <text variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="7" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" et-al-use-first="3">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d7396a31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4966 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, classic variants, archival references with place first)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes only [13.23], classic variants [14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23); classic variants: chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <text variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="7" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" et-al-use-first="3">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-classic-no-url.csl
index 46e1313f04..397c34f696 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), classic variants: chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,13 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +473,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +506,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +596,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +634,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +665,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +781,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +820,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +874,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1022,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1086,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1097,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1146,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1157,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1263,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1299,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1502,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1595,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1682,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1716,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1740,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1846,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2080,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2100,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2123,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2167,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2193,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2773,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2792,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,106 +2889,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2892,11 +2972,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3009,7 +3093,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3181,7 +3265,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3204,7 +3297,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3251,9 +3344,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3418,7 +3508,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3427,12 +3522,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3443,6 +3538,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3948,7 +4045,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4010,7 +4107,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4102,13 +4201,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4294,12 +4392,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4315,8 +4415,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4329,59 +4437,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4777,14 +4904,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-classic.csl b/chicago-notes-classic.csl
index 570cacd382..2c33dfad9f 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-classic.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), classic variants: chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,13 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +473,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +506,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +596,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +634,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +665,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +781,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +820,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +874,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1022,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1086,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1097,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1146,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1157,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1263,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1299,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1502,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1595,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1682,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1716,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1740,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1846,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2080,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2100,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2123,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2167,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2193,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2773,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2792,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,106 +2889,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2892,11 +2972,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3009,7 +3093,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3181,7 +3265,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3204,7 +3297,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3251,9 +3344,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3418,7 +3508,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3427,12 +3522,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3443,6 +3538,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3948,7 +4045,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4010,7 +4107,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4102,13 +4201,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4294,12 +4392,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4315,8 +4415,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4329,59 +4437,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4787,14 +4914,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-no-url.csl
index b4f8d26516..9ea0a6a6be 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,13 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +473,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +506,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +596,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +634,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +665,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +781,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +820,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +874,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1022,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1086,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1097,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1146,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1157,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1263,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1299,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1502,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1595,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1682,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1716,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1740,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1846,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2080,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2100,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2123,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2167,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2193,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2773,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2792,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,110 +2889,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2896,11 +2976,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3013,7 +3097,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3185,7 +3269,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3208,7 +3301,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3255,9 +3348,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3422,7 +3512,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3431,14 +3526,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3449,6 +3544,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3954,7 +4051,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4016,7 +4113,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4108,13 +4207,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4300,12 +4398,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4321,8 +4421,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4335,59 +4443,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4783,14 +4910,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
index a38ad11077..4cfb1eecf3 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, place of publication substituted for publisher, archival references with place first, without URLs)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes only [13.23], publisher place for name [14.31], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes only [13.23], chapter page numbers [14.8], publisher place for name [14.31], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
     <category field="social_science"/>
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
-    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,13 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +473,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +506,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +596,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +634,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +665,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +781,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +820,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +874,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1022,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1086,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1097,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1146,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1157,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1263,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1299,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1502,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1595,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1682,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1716,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1740,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1846,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2080,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2100,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2123,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2167,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2193,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2773,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2792,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,110 +2889,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2896,11 +2972,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3013,7 +3093,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3185,7 +3265,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3208,7 +3297,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3234,9 +3323,9 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
-      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="chapter-number">
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
@@ -3255,9 +3344,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3422,7 +3508,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3431,14 +3522,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3449,6 +3538,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3954,7 +4045,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4016,7 +4107,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4108,13 +4201,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4300,12 +4392,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4321,8 +4415,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4335,54 +4437,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4778,14 +4904,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first.csl
index 154b972c58..3d51c0394f 100644
--- a/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
   <info>
     <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, place of publication substituted for publisher, archival references with place first)</title>
-    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes without bibliography [13.23], publisher place for name [14.31], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes without bibliography [13.23], chapter page numbers [14.8], publisher place for name [14.31], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
     <category field="social_science"/>
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
-    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,13 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +473,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +506,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +596,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +634,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +665,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +781,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +820,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +874,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1022,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1086,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1097,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1146,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1157,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1263,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1299,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1502,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1595,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1682,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1716,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1740,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1846,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2080,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2100,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2123,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2167,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2193,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2773,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2792,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,110 +2889,80 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2896,11 +2972,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3013,7 +3093,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3185,7 +3265,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3208,7 +3297,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3234,9 +3323,9 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
-      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="chapter-number">
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
@@ -3255,9 +3344,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3422,7 +3508,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3431,14 +3522,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3449,6 +3538,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3954,7 +4045,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4016,7 +4107,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4108,13 +4201,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4300,12 +4392,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4321,8 +4415,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4335,54 +4437,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4788,14 +4914,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62ffc79777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4958 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, place of publication substituted for publisher, page abbreviations, archival references with place first, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes without bibliography [13.23], chapter page numbers [14.8], publisher place for name [14.31], label page locator [14.50], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31), page abbreviations with locator (CMOS18 14.50), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+              <text variable="page"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-page"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="label-page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher"/> -->
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher"/> -->
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="7" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" et-al-use-first="3">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b0ef5477f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4968 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, place of publication substituted for publisher, page abbreviations, archival references with place first)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes without bibliography [13.23], chapter page numbers [14.8], publisher place for name [14.31], label page locator [14.50], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31), page abbreviations with locator (CMOS18 14.50), archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+              <text variable="page"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-page"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="label-page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher"/> -->
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher"/> -->
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="7" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" et-al-use-first="3">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-publisher-place-no-url.csl b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd0b3344d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-publisher-place-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4956 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, place of publication substituted for publisher, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes without bibliography [13.23], chapter page numbers [14.8], publisher place for name [14.31], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher"/> -->
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher"/> -->
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="7" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" et-al-use-first="3">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes-publisher-place.csl b/chicago-notes-publisher-place.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..444745d3c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-notes-publisher-place.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4966 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (notes without bibliography, place of publication substituted for publisher)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (notes without bibliography [13.23], chapter page numbers [14.8], publisher place for name [14.31])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), substituting place of publication for publisher name (CMOS18 14.31)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-note">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="contextual"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); use `contributor` if `host` should be prioritized -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+            <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-reference-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+        <choose>
+          <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                <!-- In notes, substitute `container-title` only if there is no article title, moving it before `genre` or `section` (CMOS18 14.89); shortened notes use this more liberally -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="webpage"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- TODO: workaround for citeproc bug shown in substitution with an unsigned review; remove when fixed -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-reference-note">
+    <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          <text macro="source-note"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="sub-verbo"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title title">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                <!-- Only print reference entries use `sub-verbo` (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <text form="short" term="sub-verbo"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+              <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+                <text macro="title-note"/>
+                <text macro="description-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+                <text macro="source-note"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed"/>
+        </group>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Locator for monographic types only; serial locator handled in `source-serial-locator` -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- notes always open with the primary title -->
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-note">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-note">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-note"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="reviewed-genre">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-note">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-note">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="compiler">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=", " variable="narrator">
+              <!-- narrator is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.58) -->
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="compiler">
+                  <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <!-- not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.168) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-note"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-note"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-note"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <choose>
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <!-- the conditions below mirror substitution in `author-note` -->
+                <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator"/>
+                <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title"/>
+                <else-if match="none" variable="genre section"/>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if variable="volume">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                      <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                      <choose>
+                        <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </if>
+                        <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                          <text variable="volume"/>
+                        </else-if>
+                        <else>
+                          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                        </else>
+                      </choose>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                  <else-if match="none" variable="genre section">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
+            <!-- no `source-monographic-locator` in note -->
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-note"/>
+      <text macro="source-event-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-note">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-note` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="illustrator">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="compiler">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <!-- `script-writer` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <!-- `director` is not abbreviated (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-note"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="event event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note">
+    <group delimiter="; ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-note"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+        <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed">
+    <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+      <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+          <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+            <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-note"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-note"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text value="repr."/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-note">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-note"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher"/> -->
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <!-- <text variable="original-publisher"/> -->
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <text variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued DOI"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-full">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-note"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="author recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-note"/>
+            <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-note"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="7" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" et-al-use-first="3">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="subsequent">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-notes.csl b/chicago-notes.csl
index d090094854..b595799a29 100644
--- a/chicago-notes.csl
+++ b/chicago-notes.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), notes system without bibliography, listing up to six authors in a full citation (CMOS18 13.23)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -301,6 +307,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -403,6 +415,13 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume">
+          <text value="of"/>
+          <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -454,15 +473,14 @@
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
         <choose>
-          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-          <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-          <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-          <else>
+          <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.24) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
             <names variable="editor"/>
             <names variable="translator"/>
             <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-          </else>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="director"/>
         <choose>
@@ -488,7 +506,7 @@
           </if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="curator"/>
-        <!-- `software` does not substitute publisher name in notes (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <!-- notes omit organization name for `software` (CMOS18 14.169) and `standard` (CMOS18 14.159) -->
         <choose>
           <!-- notes substitute `container-title` in a narrower set of circumstances than bibliography -->
           <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
@@ -578,15 +596,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -611,6 +634,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -631,25 +665,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -727,7 +781,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -763,15 +820,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -817,31 +874,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -969,17 +1022,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1027,7 +1086,7 @@
           <choose>
             <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
               <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
               <group delimiter=", ">
                 <text macro="identifier-number-note"/>
                 <text macro="title-note"/>
@@ -1038,7 +1097,7 @@
               <text macro="source-event-note"/>
             </if>
             <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-              <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+              <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
               <group delimiter=" ">
                 <text macro="title-and-descriptions-note"/>
                 <text macro="source-note"/>
@@ -1087,7 +1146,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1096,7 +1157,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1200,25 +1263,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1255,8 +1299,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1435,7 +1502,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1513,33 +1595,45 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-format-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="manuscript">
-        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text term="manuscript"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
@@ -1588,7 +1682,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1620,7 +1716,9 @@
             <text variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1642,7 +1740,7 @@
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1748,7 +1846,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1982,7 +2080,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2002,6 +2100,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2024,6 +2123,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -2067,7 +2167,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2089,7 +2193,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2669,10 +2773,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2687,10 +2792,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-note">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2783,110 +2889,84 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
           <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
           <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
     <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-    <choose>
-      <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
           <text macro="title-part"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
-        <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
-        <choose>
-          <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="container-title">
-            <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume">
-        <text macro="label-volume"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <else>
+              <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
     <choose>
@@ -2896,11 +2976,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -3013,7 +3097,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -3185,7 +3269,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -3208,7 +3301,7 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-note"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-note"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-note"/>
@@ -3255,9 +3348,6 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-note">
-    <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source description -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-description-note">
     <choose>
@@ -3422,7 +3512,12 @@
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -3431,14 +3526,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -3449,6 +3544,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3954,7 +4051,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        <text variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -4016,7 +4113,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -4108,13 +4207,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -4300,12 +4398,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -4321,8 +4421,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -4335,59 +4443,78 @@
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4793,14 +4920,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl
index 2630782a30..57fd8c0f90 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-17th-edition.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, 17th edition</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -279,6 +279,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -300,6 +306,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -392,6 +404,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -433,6 +447,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -533,15 +555,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -566,6 +593,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -596,25 +634,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -692,7 +750,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -728,15 +789,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -756,31 +817,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -908,17 +965,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -942,7 +1005,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -958,7 +1023,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1008,7 +1073,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1017,7 +1084,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1069,25 +1138,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1124,8 +1174,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1273,7 +1346,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1326,13 +1414,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1343,18 +1429,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1386,7 +1510,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1403,12 +1529,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1477,7 +1637,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1620,7 +1780,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1640,6 +1800,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1683,7 +1844,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1705,7 +1870,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1955,10 +2120,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2027,66 +2193,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2101,11 +2276,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2202,7 +2381,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2271,7 +2450,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2309,12 +2490,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2342,7 +2527,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2355,7 +2542,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2378,10 +2574,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2430,16 +2630,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2481,7 +2702,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2501,10 +2726,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2586,86 +2813,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2674,12 +2830,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2690,6 +2846,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3016,7 +3174,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3039,7 +3199,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3101,7 +3261,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3178,24 +3340,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3237,13 +3381,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3443,12 +3586,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3464,8 +3609,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3476,90 +3629,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4007,14 +4184,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-access-dates.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-access-dates.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98d5aedf2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-access-dates.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4239 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, access dates)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [13.32], access dates [13.15])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-access-dates</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-access-dates" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with access dates for all electronic sources (CMOS18 13.15)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="DOI URL"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+            <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="classic">
+            <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if is-numeric="locator">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+                <group delimiter=" ">
+                  <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                  <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+                </group>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
index 6e58ff771e..9547b56a91 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,71 +3646,100 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3893,14 +4075,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl
index e20e970872..72a8781f1d 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,71 +3646,100 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-place-first"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
     <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-place-first">
-    <!-- Specified for citations of archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3903,14 +4085,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a288e9f082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4210 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, classic variants, archival references with place first, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [13.32], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+            <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="classic">
+            <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if is-numeric="locator">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+                <group delimiter=" ">
+                  <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                  <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+                </group>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true" subsequent-author-substitute="&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bec9d3d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4220 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, classic variants, archival references with place first)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [13.32], classic variants [13.113, 14.8, 14.30], archive place first [14.205])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); archival references with place first (CMOS18 14.205)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-place-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-place-first">
+    <!-- For archives and manuscripts in collections outside North America (CMOS18 14.205) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+            <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="classic">
+            <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if is-numeric="locator">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+                <group delimiter=" ">
+                  <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                  <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+                </group>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true" subsequent-author-substitute="&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl
index 5733155466..d4de91241a 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2279,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2384,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2453,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2493,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2530,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2545,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2577,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2633,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2705,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2729,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,86 +2816,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2677,12 +2833,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2693,6 +2849,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3177,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3202,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3264,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3181,24 +3343,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3240,13 +3384,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3454,12 +3597,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3475,8 +3620,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3487,90 +3640,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3906,14 +4083,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic.csl
index f198c753e3..96c0bb3d42 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2279,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2384,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2453,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2493,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2530,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2545,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2577,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2633,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2705,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2729,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,86 +2816,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2677,12 +2833,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2693,6 +2849,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3177,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3202,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3264,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3181,24 +3343,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3240,13 +3384,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3454,12 +3597,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3475,8 +3620,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3487,90 +3640,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3916,14 +4093,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl
index 6b0bf78b89..147aecc999 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,90 +3646,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3912,14 +4089,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl
index 95f512ac75..3be375cbbb 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2279,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2384,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2453,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2493,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2530,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2545,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2577,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2633,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2705,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2729,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,86 +2816,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2677,12 +2833,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2693,6 +2849,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3177,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3202,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3264,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3181,24 +3343,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3240,13 +3384,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3454,12 +3597,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3475,8 +3620,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3487,90 +3640,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4008,14 +4185,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl
index a323f31d9c..4b3f62d4c7 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-classic.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2279,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2384,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2453,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2493,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2530,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2545,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2577,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2633,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2705,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2729,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,86 +2816,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2677,12 +2833,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2693,6 +2849,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3177,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3202,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3264,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3181,24 +3343,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3240,13 +3384,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3454,12 +3597,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3475,8 +3620,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3487,90 +3640,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4018,14 +4195,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f97e56eff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4307 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, subsequent author-only citations, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [13.32], subsequent author-only [13.37], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-only">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="classic">
+        <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="locator">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="author-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </group>
+          </if>
+          <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=", ">
+                <text macro="author-short"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                  </if>
+                  <else-if disambiguate="true">
+                    <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                  </else-if>
+                </choose>
+              </group>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </group>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="author-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </else-if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </group>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="author-short"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" position="ibid ibid-with-locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-only"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb1a82e769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4223 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, subsequent author-title)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [14.29], subsequent author-title [14.34])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, 17th edition, with author-title subsequent shortened citations (CMOS17 14.34)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+            <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="classic">
+            <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+            <choose>
+              <if is-numeric="locator">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+                <group delimiter=" ">
+                  <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                  <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+                </group>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="11" et-al-use-first="7" hanging-indent="true" subsequent-author-substitute="&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
index 3b13d8023c..39bec8eb8d 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with author-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,90 +3646,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -4024,14 +4201,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0680bd1d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4242 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid.)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS 17e with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [14.29], subsequent ibid. [14.34])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, 17th edition, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS17 14.34)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-DOI-URL">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="DOI">
+        <text prefix="https://doi.org/" variable="DOI"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="URL">
+        <text variable="URL"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-ibid">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text term="ibid"/>
+      <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="ibid-with-locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-ibid"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if position="ibid">
+          <text term="ibid"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="11" et-al-use-first="7" hanging-indent="true" subsequent-author-substitute="&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl
index 886ca89af4..c98cc92415 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic-no-url.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30); without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2279,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2384,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2453,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2493,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2530,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2545,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2577,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2633,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2705,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2729,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,86 +2816,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2677,12 +2833,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2693,6 +2849,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3177,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3202,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3264,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3181,24 +3343,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3240,13 +3384,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3454,12 +3597,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3475,8 +3620,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3487,90 +3640,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3941,14 +4118,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl
index 865118b404..09831480b5 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-classic.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37); classic variants: 3-em dash for repeated names (CMOS18 13.113), chapter page numbers (CMOS18 14.8), and place of publication (CMOS18 14.30)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2279,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2384,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2453,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2493,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2530,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2545,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2577,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2633,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2705,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2729,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,86 +2816,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2677,12 +2833,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2693,6 +2849,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3019,7 +3177,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3042,7 +3202,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3104,7 +3264,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3181,24 +3343,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3240,13 +3384,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3454,12 +3597,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3475,8 +3620,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3487,90 +3640,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3951,14 +4128,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5bbeed84f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4249 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid., without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [13.32], subsequent ibid. [13.37], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-ibid">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text term="ibid"/>
+      <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if position="ibid-with-locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-ibid"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if position="ibid">
+          <text term="ibid"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
index a1f4abed28..283531db3b 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, abbreviating subsequent references with ibid. (CMOS18 13.37)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,90 +3646,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3957,14 +4134,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..626ae2cd35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,4269 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago-16" version="1.0">
+  <!-- This file was generated by the Style Variant Builder <https://github.com/citation-style-language/style-variant-builder>. To contribute changes, modify the template and regenerate variants. -->
+  <info>
+    <title>Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, subsequent title-only citations, without URLs)</title>
+    <title-short>CMOS with Bluebook (shortened author-title notes [13.32], subsequent title-only [13.37], no URLs [13.6])</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title-no-url" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <author>
+      <name>Andrew Dunning</name>
+      <uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-5036</uri>
+    </author>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="anthropology"/>
+    <category field="communications"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="geography"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="law"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="political_science"/>
+    <category field="science"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <category field="sociology"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with title-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37), without URLs (CMOS18 13.6)</summary>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+  <locale xml:lang="en">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- Chicago omits 'by' from `verb-short` forms; it abbreviates only the most common roles -->
+      <term name="advance-online-publication">ahead of print</term>
+      <term name="anonymous">unsigned</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="collection-editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="compiler">comp.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor">ed.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds. and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editor-translator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb" name="editortranslator">edited and translated by</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editor-translator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="editortranslator">ed. and trans.</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="illustrator">ill.</term>
+      <term form="short" name="legislation">Pub. L.</term>
+      <term name="manuscript">unpublished manuscript</term>
+      <term name="original-work-published">originally published as</term>
+      <term form="short" name="paper-conference">paper</term>
+      <!-- 'under' replaces 's.v.' from CMOS17 and earlier (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+      <term name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term form="short" name="sub-verbo">under</term>
+      <term name="timestamp">at</term>
+      <term form="verb-short" name="translator">trans.</term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <locale xml:lang="en-GB">
+    <terms>
+      <!-- ensure consistency with other `en-GB` contractions -->
+      <term form="short" name="collection-number">
+        <single>vol.</single>
+        <multiple>vols</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editor-translator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+      <term form="short" name="editortranslator">
+        <single>ed. and trans.</single>
+        <multiple>eds and trans.</multiple>
+      </term>
+    </terms>
+  </locale>
+  <!-- Contents:
+    
+       This file interprets Chicago using APA's four basic reference elements
+       (cf. CMOS18 14.2, 14.64, 14.161):
+
+        1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86)
+        2. Date (author-date system only, CMOS18 13.102)
+        3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101)
+            3.1. Title
+            3.2. Description
+            3.3. Identifiers (edition, contributors, volume)
+        4. Source
+            4.1. Serial sources
+            4.2. Monographic sources
+            4.3. Series
+            4.4. Event
+            4.5. Publisher
+            4.6. Date
+            4.7. Locator (including page references)
+            4.8. Medium
+            4.9. Archival location
+            4.10. URL or persistent identifier
+      
+       Freeform annotations to bibliography entries: 
+        
+        5. Notes
+       
+       Chicago also provides parallel rules for legal references following
+       The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (code shared with APA):
+
+        6. Legal references
+  -->
+  <!-- In this file, macros suffixed `-bib` and `-note` are parallel versions
+       of the same features for the bibliography and notes, and all changes
+       must be applied to both. They should only contain differences of
+       punctuation (periods in bibliography, commas in notes) and capitalization,
+       except where the comments indicate structural changes. -->
+  <!-- Categories of CSL item types:
+
+       Serial
+       : article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book
+
+       Serial or Monographic
+       : interview paper-conference
+
+         Monographic with any of `collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director`.
+         A serial `paper-conference` is unpublished if it lacks any of `issue page supplement-number volume`.
+
+       Monographic
+       : article book broadcast chapter classic collection dataset document
+         entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia event figure
+         graphic manuscript map motion_picture musical_score
+         pamphlet patent performance personal_communication post report
+         software song speech standard thesis webpage
+
+       Legal
+       : bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty
+  -->
+  <!-- Variable labels -->
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-chapter-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="chapter-number" type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="track"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="chapter-number">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-collection-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="collection-number">
+          <label form="short" variable="collection-number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="collection-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+          <label variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text variable="edition"/>
+              <label variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-edition-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="edition">
+          <number form="ordinal" variable="edition"/>
+          <label form="short" variable="edition"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+          <!-- full label for serial edition (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- serial usage -->
+              <text text-case="title" variable="edition"/>
+              <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="edition"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-issue">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="issue"/>
+      <text variable="issue"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if locator="page"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Bluebook-style labels for legal types (CMOS18 14.174) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="chapter paragraph section" match="any">
+              <label form="symbol" variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="locator">
+          <choose>
+            <if locator="line">
+              <label variable="locator"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any"/>
+        <!-- a non-numeric canonical reference is identified by its formatting and does not need a label (CMOS18 14.143-54) -->
+        <else>
+          <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="standard"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" match="any" type="legislation regulation">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-number-of-volumes">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="number-of-volumes">
+          <label form="short" variable="number-of-volumes"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-part-number-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="part-number">
+          <!-- TODO: Replace with `part-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+          <text form="short" term="part" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="section">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="section"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="title" variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-section-symbol">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="symbol" variable="section"/>
+      <text variable="section"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-supplement-number">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: Replace with `supplement-number` label when CSL provides one -->
+        <if is-numeric="supplement-number" variable="volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume title, it is already described as a supplement -->
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number" type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text form="short" term="issue"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="supplement-number">
+          <text form="short" term="supplement"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="supplement-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-version-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="software">
+          <!-- short version label for software (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <label text-case="capitalize-first" variable="version"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="version"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if is-numeric="volume">
+          <label form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="volume"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 1. Author (CMOS18 13.74-86) -->
+  <macro name="author-bib">
+    <names variable="composer">
+      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
+      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
+      <substitute>
+        <names variable="author"/>
+        <!-- cf. `interview` model (CMOS18 14.110); if it is desired to prioritize `host` over `guest`, the latter could be encoded as a `contributor` -->
+        <names variable="guest"/>
+        <names variable="host"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="song">
+            <names variable="performer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="classic">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+            <!-- contributors fall after the title of unsigned reference entries (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="standard">
+            <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+            <names variable="editor"/>
+            <names variable="translator"/>
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="director"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- serial `broadcast` prioritizes title (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="producer"/>
+            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+            <names variable="series-creator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast">
+                <names variable="contributor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+        <names variable="compiler"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+            <names variable="chair"/>
+            <names variable="organizer"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <names variable="curator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="software">
+            <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if type="standard">
+            <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization, but note omits this (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+            <text variable="authority"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+        <text macro="author-title-substitute-bib"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if type="manuscript">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </substitute>
+    </names>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <text macro="author-short-and-recipient"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <names variable="composer">
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <names variable="author"/>
+            <names variable="guest"/>
+            <names variable="host"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <names variable="performer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="classic performance">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `classic` (CMOS18 14.147), `performance` (CMOS18 14.166) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="broadcast motion_picture song">
+                <!-- note contributors fall after the title of `broadcast`, `motion_picture` (CMOS18 14.165), `song` (CMOS18 14.163)  -->
+                <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+                <!-- unsigned reference articles consulted in physical formats list `title` in the manner of a `sub-verbo` locator (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="DOI URL">
+                    <text macro="author-title-substitute-container"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
+                <names variable="editor-translator"/>
+                <names variable="editor"/>
+                <names variable="translator"/>
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
+              <else>
+                <names variable="director"/>
+                <names variable="producer"/>
+                <names variable="executive-producer"/>
+                <names variable="series-creator"/>
+                <choose>
+                  <if type="broadcast">
+                    <names variable="contributor"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
+            <names variable="compiler"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="event performance speech">
+                <names variable="chair"/>
+                <names variable="organizer"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
+            <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="manuscript">
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+                    <text macro="source-archive-note"/>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-sort">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="author-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Author elements -->
+  <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+          <choose>
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
+        <else-if variable="author recipient">
+          <names variable="author">
+            <label/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions. -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <text macro="title-short"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- If an item has no `title`, substitute with descriptions and capitalize -->
+        <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="author-title-substitute-container-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- Anonymous magazine/newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Publication name also substituted for unsigned reviews (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast">
+        <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="webpage">
+        <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 2. Date (CMOS18 13.102) -->
+  <macro name="date-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issued">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <choose>
+            <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+              <!-- Uncertain date already has square brackets -->
+              <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="date-original-year" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </if>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. for archival collections (CMOS18 14.128), `classic` (CMOS18 14.143), or reference entries (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+            <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+        <text prefix="-" variable="year-suffix"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="date-event-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-event-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="event-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="event-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-issued-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+        <!-- guessed-at date (CMOS18 14.44) -->
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="issued"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="issued"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-full">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="date-original-year-month">
+    <choose>
+      <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" prefix="[" suffix="?]" variable="original-date"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <date date-parts="year-month" form="text" variable="original-date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3. Title and descriptions (CMOS18 13.87-101) -->
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="title">
+          <text macro="title-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+          <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+          <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-descriptions-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title">
+        <text macro="title-short"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
+        <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
+        <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-source-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
+          <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+            <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+              <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- show event information here only if collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status"/>
+          <!-- monographic usage only -->
+          <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-bib"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-medium-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+      <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.1. Title -->
+  <macro name="title-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+        <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` in manner of `publisher` -->
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="title-and-part-filter-review-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- If a review has no `reviewed-title`, assume that `title` contains the title of the reviewed work; the description provides it. -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-primary-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Title elements -->
+  <macro name="title-and-part-filter-review-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- `title` is only the review title if there is a separate `reviewed-genre` or `reviewed-title`; otherwise, it is the title of the reviewed work, printed in the description -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+            <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="title-and-part-title-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-and-part-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="title-primary"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-part">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="part-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="title-primary-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="patent">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill collection legislation regulation treaty">
+        <!-- No italics or quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <!-- Italicized, sentence case -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="book classic graphic hearing map">
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (regardless of `container-title`) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="author container-title">
+        <!-- Signed encyclopedia entry in quotes, title case (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-dictionary" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="entry-encyclopedia" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="post">
+        <!-- Quotes, sentence case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
+        <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
+        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+        <text form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Italicized, title case (default) -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.2. Description -->
+  <macro name="description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <text macro="description-interview-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <text macro="description-paper-conference-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="song" variable="composer">
+        <text macro="description-song-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+      <else-if type="thesis"/>
+      <else-if match="none" variable="container-title">
+        <!-- Other description -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <text macro="description-review-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <text macro="description-letter-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-serial-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Description elements -->
+  <macro name="description-format-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="manuscript"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="personal_communication">
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-generic-bib">
+    <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="none" type="document report software standard">
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <names variable="interviewer">
+          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
+          <substitute>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </substitute>
+        </names>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="genre medium">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- capitalize if no author or title -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- generic description for an unpublished interview (CMOS18 14.108) -->
+        <text term="interview"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="recipient">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre number">
+              <!-- `genre` appears with `number` -->
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="genre">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+                <names variable="recipient">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-letter-short">
+    <!-- shortened notes ideally give author, recipient, place, and date (CMOS18 14.13) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre recipient">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+            <names variable="recipient">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            </names>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-paper-conference-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+        <!-- monographic usage -->
+        <text macro="description-generic-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <text macro="description-serial-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-bib">
+    <!-- Reviewed item -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-genre-bib"/>
+          <text macro="description-review-title"/>
+        </group>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title title">
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </if>
+          <else-if variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <else>
+            <names variable="reviewed-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-genre-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="reviewed-genre">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+          <text variable="reviewed-genre"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="reviewed-title">
+              <names variable="reviewed-author">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="number">
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- If no `reviewed-genre`, assume that `genre` is entered as 'Review of the book' or similar -->
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="description-review-term-unsigned-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text term="review-of"/>
+      <text macro="description-review-title-short"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-term-unsigned-bib">
+    <!-- Anonymous reviews appear as 'unsigned' (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+        <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="anonymous" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <text term="review-of"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-review-title-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+        <!-- Not possible to distinguish TV series episode from other reviewed works without a reviewed source title -->
+        <!-- Adapt for `reviewed-container-title` or similar if it becomes available -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="reviewed-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <!-- Assume title is title of reviewed work -->
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      <!-- `section` provides magazine departments (CMOS18 14.88) and newspaper column names (CMOS18 14.93) -->
+      <text macro="label-section-capitalized"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-serial-short">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="title"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
+        <text macro="description-format-short"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="description-song-bib">
+    <!-- Performer of classical music works -->
+    <!-- TODO: remove when Zotero fixes mapping of performer to `author` -->
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <!-- Based on `description-format` macro -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer"/>
+        </if>
+        <!-- providing 'performed by' label for recorded readings (CMOS18 14.164), but it should be omitted for classical music (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+        <else>
+          <text form="verb" term="performer" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
+        <substitute>
+          <names variable="performer"/>
+        </substitute>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 3.3. Identifier (edition, contributors, volume) -->
+  <macro name="identifier-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="patent">
+          <text macro="identifier-patent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="report">
+          <text macro="identifier-report-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="container-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="song">
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Identifier elements -->
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-contributors-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <names variable="container-author">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editor-translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="editorial-director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="guest">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="host">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="producer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="director">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                <names variable="script-writer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="performer">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="thesis">
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- Handle `container-title` on `post` or `webpage` as `publisher` -->
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names variable="container-author">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editor-translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="editor translator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="editorial-director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="guest">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="host">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <names variable="illustrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <names variable="narrator">
+              <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="container-title">
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names delimiter=". " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="producer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <names variable="director">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+                    <names variable="script-writer">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+                <names variable="performer">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+                    <names variable="contributor">
+                      <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                      <name and="text"/>
+                    </names>
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if type="song">
+                <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+                <names variable="contributor">
+                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                  <name and="text"/>
+                </names>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-contributors-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <names delimiter=". " variable="translator narrator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="compiler chair organizer curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="script-writer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-edition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="none" variable="original-date">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="original-title">
+        <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="number">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="genre"/>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-patent">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- `authority`: US ; `genre`: patent ; `number`: 123,445 -->
+        <text form="short" variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- 'US Patent' capitalized in both bibliography and note forms -->
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="genre">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text value="filed"/>
+        <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="issued submitted">
+            <text term="and"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text value="issued"/>
+        <!-- Always give full issue date, even in author-date (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-report-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- If the report is a chapter in a larger report, then most identifying information is printed in the source. -->
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="title">
+          <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no `title`, then `genre` and `number` are already printed as the title. -->
+          <text macro="label-version-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-monographic-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4. Source -->
+  <macro name="source-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <!-- serial usage -->
+        <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-serial-bib"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="patent post webpage"/>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-bib"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.1. Serial sources -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <text macro="source-serial-title-volume-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title volume">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-title-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source title -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-name">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero stops double-mapping `event-place` and `publisher-place` -->
+        <if match="none" variable="event-date event-title">
+          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+        <else-if match="none" type="periodical" variable="supplement-number volume-title"/>
+        <!-- TODO: use `container-genre` here once available to allow a custom description of the journal volume -->
+        <else-if variable="supplement-number volume-title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="supplement-number title">
+          <text term="supplement" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="volume-title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="periodical" variable="title">
+          <text term="special-issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
+        <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
+          <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-title-volume-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="volume-title">
+        <!-- Journal special issues (CMOS18 14.77) and supplements (CMOS18 14.78) -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date: -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+            <!-- newspaper edition always capitalized (CMOS18 14.89) -->
+            <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date: -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-serial-identifier-volume-author-date"/> -->
+          <text macro="source-serial-locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+      <!-- TODO: If CSL adds `date-part` detection, add two further conditions to address CMOS18 14.74: delimiting with ":" if there is a `volume` and no month or `issue` or `supplement number`; delimiting with ", " or there is an `issue` or `supplement number` and no month -->
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-identifier-volume-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+          <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="issue supplement-number volume">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+              <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+                  <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- `collection-title` is for any serial with multiple series (e.g. 'second series') -->
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-title volume">
+                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                </if>
+                <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                  <!-- date appears first if a review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
+                  <choose>
+                    <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                      <text variable="volume"/>
+                    </if>
+                    <else>
+                      <text macro="label-volume"/>
+                    </else>
+                  </choose>
+                </else-if>
+                <else>
+                  <text variable="volume"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+              <text macro="label-supplement-number"/>
+            </group>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
+                <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
+                <choose>
+                  <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+                  </if>
+                </choose>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="collection-title"/>
+          <!-- publisher possible with `interview` (CMOS18 14.110) -->
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+          <text macro="source-serial-volume-status-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-serial-volume-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" variable="collection-title issue number page supplement-number volume">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <!-- article accepted for publication and available on publisher website (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <!-- TODO: use CSL term for `available-date` when available -->
+            <text value="accepted"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+        <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Serial source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-serial-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="locator number">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.2. Monographic sources -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <!-- Monographic sources repeat main reference elements -->
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" type="broadcast motion_picture">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            </group>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+            <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-series-bib"/>
+      <choose>
+        <!-- show event information here only if not collapsed with `issued` (CMOS18 14.167) -->
+        <if match="any" variable="event-date original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place publisher status">
+          <text macro="source-event-bib"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source title -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number-capitalized"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source description -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="event paper-conference performance speech">
+        <!-- Conference presentations should describe the session unless published in a proceedings -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="software">
+        <!-- For entries in mobile app reference works, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="document report standard">
+        <!-- For chapters in report, standards, and generic documents, place description after `container-title` -->
+        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-bib">
+    <!-- Based on `identifier-bib` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="container-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song">
+              <!-- For audiovisual media, number information comes after `title`, not `container-title`; `song` places album catalogue `number` with `publisher` (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+              <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text macro="label-version"/>
+          <text macro="label-edition"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <names variable="collection-editor">
+                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                    <name and="text"/>
+                  </names>
+                </if>
+                <else>
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
+              <choose>
+                <if variable="collection-editor">
+                  <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <names variable="container-author">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editor-translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="guest">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="host">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="chair organizer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="illustrator narrator compiler curator">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names delimiter=", " variable="series-creator executive-producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="producer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="editorial-director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="broadcast performance">
+          <names variable="script-writer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <names variable="director">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <names variable="performer">
+        <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+        <name and="text"/>
+      </names>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="none" type="song thesis">
+          <!-- Song contributors attached to album (CMOS18 14.163) -->
+          <names variable="contributor">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Monographic source locator -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="locator"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="locator">
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+      <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+        <group delimiter=":">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text variable="volume"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <text variable="page"/>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="page"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.3. Series -->
+  <macro name="source-series-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="collection-editor collection-title">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number part-title volume volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+              <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+              <text macro="label-issue"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-series-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-series-title">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="issue">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-collection-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-issue"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="collection-number" variable="collection-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+            <text variable="collection-number"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="collection-title">
+          <text text-case="title" variable="collection-title"/>
+          <text variable="collection-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.4. Event -->
+  <macro name="source-event-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- omit types that provide event information in description  -->
+        <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer"/>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication" variable="recipient"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+          <!-- TODO: To prevent Zotero from printing `event-place`, due to its double-mapping of `publisher-place` and `event-place`. Remove this when that is changed. -->
+          <choose>
+            <if type="paper-conference">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page supplement-number volume">
+                  <!-- Don't print event info for conference papers published in proceedings -->
+                  <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- For other item types, print event info even if published (e.g. collection catalogs, performance programs). -->
+              <text macro="source-event-status-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-event-description-bib"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-place-first">
+    <!-- for descriptive elements for interviews, reviews, letters -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event event-date event-title">
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text variable="event-title"/>
+          <text variable="event-place"/>
+          <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-status-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="status">
+          <!-- 'aired', 'performed', etc. (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre">
+              <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="presented"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text form="short" term="paper-conference" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              <text value="presented"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="song">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="recorded"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="event-title">
+              <text term="at"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="event-date issued"/>
+        <else-if match="none" variable="issued">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-title-capitalized">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- TODO: We expect `event-title` to be used, but processors and applications may not be updated yet. This macro ensures that either `event` or `event-title` can be accepted. Remove if processor logic and application adoption can handle this. -->
+      <if variable="event-title">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event-title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="event"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-event-description-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference" variable="genre">
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="paper-conference">
+          <text macro="source-event-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-event-title-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="date-event-full"/>
+      <text variable="event-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.5. Facts of publication -->
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <!-- Provide only for monographic types -->
+        <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor container-author editor editorial-director">
+              <!-- monographic usage -->
+              <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- `patent` date in identification (CMOS18 14.158) -->
+        <else-if type="patent"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-and-date-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-publication-original-title-bib"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-bracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <choose>
+            <!-- Facts of publication with brackets for print monographic formats -->
+            <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher">
+              <!-- without brackets for a preprint in a repository (CMOS18 14.76), with brackets for a working paper (CMOS18 14.116) -->
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place">
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+                <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+                <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL"/>
+                <else>
+                  <choose>
+                    <if disambiguate="true">
+                      <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                    </if>
+                  </choose>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </else>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher">
+              <choose>
+                <if disambiguate="true">
+                  <text macro="source-publication-publisher-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if type="personal_communication">
+              <choose>
+                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                  <!-- in an edited collection -->
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
+            </else-if>
+            <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued">
+              <!-- space before bracketed uncertain date (CMOS18 14.127)  -->
+              <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed">
+    <!-- mirrors `source-monographic-publication-note-unbracketed` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if disambiguate="true">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- Facts of publication without brackets -->
+          <if match="any" type="book chapter classic interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if type="article" variable="genre publisher"/>
+          <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="publisher publisher-place"/>
+              <!-- online reference sources without a additional publisher details are unbracketed (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if type="motion_picture" variable="publisher"/>
+          <else-if type="personal_communication">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director publisher">
+                <!-- not in an edited collection -->
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else-if is-uncertain-date="issued"/>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-and-date-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="post webpage">
+          <!-- `container-title` functions like a publisher with social media and website sources (CMOS18 14.104-106) -->
+          <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="DOI">
+          <!-- a podcast publisher appears before the date, whereas the network of an aired show appears after (CMOS18 14.165); unfortunately CSL stores both in `publisher` -->
+          <!-- TODO: `DOI` or `URL` detection is the only way to distinguish radio/TV from podcasts, but it is obviously imprecise; modify if CSL provides a `podcast` type -->
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast" variable="URL">
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="broadcast"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
+      </group>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
+        <else-if type="broadcast">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="on"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-history-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Facts of publication elements -->
+  <macro name="source-publication-description-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="article" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if type="article">
+        <!-- `preprint` term attached to repository name, but specific working paper descriptors appear in description (CMOS18 14.76, 14.116) -->
+        <text term="preprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <choose>
+          <!-- `edition` provides an alternative label to `reprint` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <if match="any" variable="edition original-title"/>
+          <else-if match="none" type="book chapter classic entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia interview musical_score pamphlet paper-conference report thesis"/>
+          <else-if variable="issued original-date">
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="reprint"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-history-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <!-- `original-title` is covered in `source-publication-original-title-bib` -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+          <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="edition original-publisher original-publisher-place">
+        <group delimiter=". ">
+          <!-- full stop to separate original date if `original-publisher` (CMOS18 14.16) -->
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=". ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="issued original-date">
+                <text macro="label-edition-capitalized"/>
+              </if>
+            </choose>
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+              <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter="; ">
+          <!-- semicolon to separate original date if no publisher (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+          <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <text macro="source-publication-description-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-bib"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-original-title-bib">
+    <!-- Work originally published under a different title (CMOS18 13.101) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-title">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+          <group delimiter=", ">
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+            <text macro="source-publication-publisher-original-bib"/>
+            <text macro="source-date-original"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="thesis" variable="publisher">
+          <text variable="publisher"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="publisher">
+          <group delimiter=": ">
+            <!-- <text variable="publisher-place"/> -->
+            <text variable="publisher"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <!-- TODO: remove conditional when Zotero fixes double-mapping of `event-place` -->
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date event-title"/>
+        <else>
+          <text variable="publisher-place"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if type="song">
+          <!-- Album catalogue number follows label name (CMOS18 14.163-164) -->
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-publication-publisher-original-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="original-publisher">
+        <group delimiter=": ">
+          <!-- <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/> -->
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher"/>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="original-publisher-place"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.6. Date -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
+        <!-- magazines and newspapers provide the full date in place of volume/issue numbers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original">
+    <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
+    <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
+    <!-- <text macro="source-date-original-month-day"/> -->
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- Macro derived from `source-date-issued-full` -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date original-date">
+        <!-- Provide original date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-original-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-original-full-serial">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="supplement-number">
+        <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+        <!-- for CMOS17: -->
+        <!-- <text macro="date-original-year-month"/> -->
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" variable="issue volume">
+        <text macro="date-original-year-month"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="date-original-full"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-status-bib">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="broadcast" variable="event-title issued status"/>
+      <!-- on a `broadcast`, if there is an `event-title`, `status` appears with `event-date` as part of `source-event` (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+      <else-if variable="issued status">
+        <!-- `status` specifies date type, e.g. 'effective', 'last modified', 'approved' (CMOS18 14.104 for `webpage`; CMOS18 14.159 for `standard`) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="original-date original-publisher original-publisher-place original-title publisher">
+            <text variable="status"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="status"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued URL"/>
+      <else-if type="broadcast" variable="issued">
+        <!-- `status` of a radio or TV broadcast is 'aired' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.165) -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="aired"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued publisher">
+        <!-- `status` of software is 'released' if unspecified (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer contributor curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
+            <!-- lowercase if `publisher` is adjacent -->
+            <text value="released"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="original-date">
+        <!-- lowercase if `original-date` is adjacent -->
+        <text value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="software" variable="issued">
+        <!-- capitalize if `publisher` is not present -->
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="released"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.7. Locator (including page references) -->
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text macro="source-locator-subsequent-monographic"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-monographic">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
+          <group delimiter=":">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="locator"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
+  <macro name="source-medium-bib">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-bib">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
+    <choose>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text variable="archive"/>
+        <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
+  <macro name="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="DOI"/>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="available-date event-date issued status"/>
+        <else-if variable="accessed URL">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+      <!-- <text macro="source-DOI-URL"/> -->
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 5. Notes -->
+  <!-- TODO: add variables for distributor and exhibitions if available in CSL -->
+  <!-- 6. Legal references: Bluebook style (shared with APA) -->
+  <!-- Where APA or Chicago diverge from Bluebook, the official manual is followed -->
+  <macro name="legal-reference">
+    <!-- Type usage:
+
+         `bill`
+         : bills, resolutions, federal reports
+
+         `legal_case`
+         : all legal and court cases
+
+         `hearing`
+         : hearings and testimony
+
+         `legislation`
+         : statutes, constitutional items, and charters
+
+         `regulation`
+         : codified regulations, uncodified regulations, executive orders
+
+         `treaty`
+         : treaties
+    -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="treaty">
+          <text macro="legal-title"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <!-- Treaty parties should be included at least for bilateral treaties (Bluebook 21.4.2) -->
+            <name delimiter="-" et-al-min="100" et-al-use-first="99" form="short"/>
+          </names>
+          <text macro="legal-date"/>
+          <!-- treaty source/report in addition to URL (Bluebook 21.4.5) -->
+          <text macro="legal-source"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <group delimiter=", ">
+              <text macro="legal-title"/>
+              <text macro="legal-source"/>
+            </group>
+            <text macro="legal-date"/>
+            <text macro="legal-identifier"/>
+          </group>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <!-- locator for use in notes -->
+        <choose>
+          <if locator="page" variable="page">
+            <text term="at"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.1. Legal date -->
+  <macro name="legal-date">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-date-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill hearing legislation regulation">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="date-original-year"/>
+            <text form="symbol" term="and"/>
+          </group>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="issued">
+              <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <!-- Show proposal date for uncodified regulations. Assume date is entered literally ala "proposed May 23, 2016". -->
+              <!-- TODO: Add `proposed` date here if that becomes available -->
+              <date form="text" variable="submitted"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-date-case">
+    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <!-- Print only year for cases published in reporters-->
+          <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.1. Legal title -->
+  <macro name="legal-title">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+        <text text-case="title" variable="title"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <!-- use standard format (Bluebook 13.3) -->
+        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
+          <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="title"/>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text term="hearing" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text term="on"/>
+                <text variable="number"/>
+              </group>
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text value="before the"/>
+                <text variable="section"/>
+              </group>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.2.2. Legal identifier -->
+  <macro name="legal-identifier">
+    <choose>
+      <if type="hearing">
+        <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
+          <!-- Use the 'verb' form of the hearing term to hold 'testimony of' -->
+          <text form="verb" term="hearing"/>
+          <names variable="author">
+            <name and="symbol" initialize="false"/>
+          </names>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="bill legislation regulation">
+        <!-- For uncodified regulations, assume future code section is in `status`. -->
+        <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-identifier-bill-report">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="genre"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="authority chapter-number container-title">
+          <text variable="number"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <!-- If there is no legislative body, session number, or code/record title, assume the item is a congressional report and include 'No.' label. -->
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- 6.3. Legal source -->
+  <macro name="legal-source">
+    <!-- Expect legal item `container-title` to be stored in short form -->
+    <choose>
+      <if type="bill">
+        <text macro="legal-source-bill"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if type="hearing">
+        <text macro="legal-source-hearing"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legal_case">
+        <text macro="legal-source-case"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="legislation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-legislation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="regulation">
+        <text macro="legal-source-regulation"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="treaty">
+        <text macro="legal-source-treaty"/>
+      </else-if>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Legal source types -->
+  <macro name="legal-source-bill">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text macro="legal-identifier-bill-report"/>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="authority"/>
+        <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+        <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <text variable="page-first"/>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-case">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="container-title">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+                <text variable="page-first"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text value="___"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </group>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-hearing">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <text variable="authority"/>
+      <!-- `chapter-number` is a session number -->
+      <text variable="chapter-number"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-legislation">
+    <choose>
+      <if variable="number">
+        <!-- `number` is a public law number -->
+        <group delimiter=", ">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <choose>
+              <if variable="genre">
+                <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text form="short" term="legislation" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+            <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+          </group>
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="volume"/>
+            <text variable="container-title"/>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </group>
+        </group>
+      </if>
+      <else>
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text variable="volume"/>
+          <text variable="container-title"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="section">
+              <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="page-first"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-regulation">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="genre"/>
+        <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+      </group>
+      <group delimiter=" ">
+        <text variable="volume"/>
+        <text variable="container-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="section">
+            <text macro="label-section-symbol"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page-first"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </group>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="legal-source-treaty">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <number variable="volume"/>
+      <text variable="container-title"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="page page-first">
+          <text variable="page-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-capitalized"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Citation -->
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title">
+    <!-- Shortened note styles mirror the filtering approach of author-date -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
+          <!-- comma always needed with volume/part -->
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-item">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <group delimiter=", ">
+        <text macro="author-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+            <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
+        <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
+      </group>
+      <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-bracketed"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate">
+    <!-- CMOS18 gives examples of added dates (CMOS18 14.13) and editors/translators, publisher, date (CMOS18 14.146) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if disambiguate="true">
+          <choose>
+            <if disambiguate="true">
+              <text macro="label-version"/>
+              <text macro="label-edition"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text" form="short"/>
+            <substitute>
+              <names variable="editor"/>
+              <names variable="translator"/>
+            </substitute>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="citation-notes-shortened-title-only">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <!-- with `classic`, a non-numeric canonical reference or identifying number is separated by a space rather than a comma (CMOS18 14.145) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if is-numeric="locator">
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if locator="chapter line verse" match="any">
+              <group delimiter=" ">
+                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+              </group>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+          <text macro="source-locator-subsequent"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <citation disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1">
+    <layout delimiter="; " suffix=".">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" position="ibid ibid-with-locator">
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-title-only"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </citation>
+  <!-- Bibliography -->
+  <macro name="bibliography-notes">
+    <group delimiter=". ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty">
+          <!-- Legal items have different orders and delimiters -->
+          <text macro="legal-reference"/>
+          <text macro="source-date-accessed-DOI-URL-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="author-bib"/>
+          <text macro="title-and-source-bib"/>
+          <text variable="references"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <bibliography et-al-min="7" et-al-use-first="3" hanging-indent="true">
+    <sort>
+      <key macro="author-sort"/>
+      <key macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
+      <key macro="source-bib"/>
+      <key variable="volume"/>
+      <key variable="part-number"/>
+      <key variable="event-date"/>
+      <key macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+      <key macro="source-archive-bib"/>
+    </sort>
+    <layout suffix=".">
+      <!-- logic identical to `bibliography-filtered-author-date` -->
+      <choose>
+        <if type="classic">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive editor translator publisher">
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="author">
+              <!-- Signed reference entries appear in the bibliography (CMOS18 14.132) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+              <!-- Provide a bibliography if necessary identifying information is not in text -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </else-if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- Personal communications only appear in the bibliography if the reader can retrieve them (CMOS18 14.13, 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="bibliography-notes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+    </layout>
+  </bibliography>
+</style>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl
index b1020b7a92..2f40eba6e2 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-title.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system, with title-only subsequent shortened citations (CMOS18 13.37)</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,90 +3646,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3957,14 +4134,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography.csl b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography.csl
index 935cc05c36..c2989d3a9c 100644
--- a/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography.csl
+++ b/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography.csl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <category field="sociology"/>
     <category field="theology"/>
     <summary>Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), shortened author-title notes and bibliography system</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -282,6 +282,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -303,6 +309,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -395,6 +407,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -436,6 +450,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -536,15 +558,20 @@
             </choose>
             <names variable="illustrator"/>
             <choose>
-              <!-- In multivolume works, notes list editors after the title of the part for which they are responsible (CMOS18 14.20-24); it appears also that editors should not be substituted for authors with chapters (cf. CMOS18 14.22) -->
-              <if match="any" type="chapter standard" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
-              <else-if type="book" variable="container-title"/>
-              <else>
+              <!-- list a multivolume work under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+              <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+              <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+              <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+                <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
+            <choose>
+              <if match="none" type="standard">
                 <names variable="editor-translator"/>
                 <names variable="editor"/>
                 <names variable="translator"/>
                 <names variable="collection-editor"/>
-              </else>
+              </if>
             </choose>
             <choose>
               <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title"/>
@@ -569,6 +596,17 @@
               </if>
             </choose>
             <names variable="curator"/>
+            <choose>
+              <!-- no Chicago definition for these shortened references; this follows the bibliography -->
+              <if type="software">
+                <!-- `software` listed under the name of the publisher or developer (CMOS18 14.169) -->
+                <text variable="publisher"/>
+              </if>
+              <else-if type="standard">
+                <!-- `standard` listed in bibliography under organization (CMOS18 14.159) -->
+                <text variable="authority"/>
+              </else-if>
+            </choose>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-container-short"/>
             <text macro="author-title-substitute-short"/>
             <choose>
@@ -599,25 +637,45 @@
   <macro name="author-short-and-recipient">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- at the first citation in shortened forms, give the full name -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                 <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short"/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -695,7 +753,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -731,15 +792,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -759,31 +820,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -911,17 +968,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -945,7 +1008,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -961,7 +1026,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1011,7 +1076,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1020,7 +1087,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1072,25 +1141,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1127,8 +1177,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1276,7 +1349,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1329,13 +1417,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1346,18 +1432,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1389,7 +1513,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1406,12 +1532,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1480,7 +1640,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1623,7 +1783,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1643,6 +1803,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1686,7 +1847,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1708,7 +1873,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -1958,10 +2123,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2030,66 +2196,79 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="container-title">
+              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </else-if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2104,11 +2283,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2205,7 +2388,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2274,7 +2457,9 @@
               <!-- date appears first if the review `container-title` has been substituted for a missing author (CMOS18 14.87, 14.102) -->
               <choose>
                 <if match="none" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                  <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+                  <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+                  <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                  <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
                   <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
                   <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
                 </if>
@@ -2312,12 +2497,16 @@
                 <!-- date for unsigned reviews only appears here if it did not earlier (CMOS18 14.102) -->
                 <choose>
                   <if match="any" variable="author chair collection-editor compiler composer curator director editor editor-translator editorial-director executive-producer guest host illustrator organizer producer series-creator translator">
-                    <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                    <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                    <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
                   </if>
                 </choose>
               </if>
               <else>
-                <text macro="source-date-bib" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+                <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+                <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first" prefix="(" suffix=")"/> -->
               </else>
             </choose>
           </group>
@@ -2345,7 +2534,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         <!-- for CMOS17 author-date: -->
         <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/> -->
       </group>
@@ -2358,7 +2549,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2381,10 +2581,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2433,16 +2637,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- if printing chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic):
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title"><text term="in"/></else-if>
+      -->
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2484,7 +2709,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2504,10 +2733,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2589,90 +2820,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if variable="container-title">
-              <!-- remove condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else-if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2681,14 +2837,14 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <!-- remove `container-title` condition in styles that print chapter page numbers (CMOS17/classic) -->
       <else-if variable="container-title"/>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2699,6 +2855,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3025,7 +3183,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3048,7 +3208,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3110,7 +3270,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3187,24 +3349,6 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
-        <!-- for author-date: -->
-        <!-- <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/> -->
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
@@ -3246,13 +3390,12 @@
       <else-if variable="issued">
         <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <!-- possible recourse for multivolume series (e.g. CMOS18 14.26) -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
@@ -3460,12 +3603,14 @@
           <!-- Do not provide `volume` or `part-number` for defined section -->
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page" variable="part-number">
+        <else-if locator="page" variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
           <text macro="label-volume"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
         </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
           <group delimiter=":">
             <text variable="volume"/>
             <text variable="locator"/>
@@ -3481,8 +3626,16 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-locator-subsequent-serial">
     <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-      <text macro="label-locator"/>
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="part-number">
+          <!-- label page numbers when using multiple locators (CMOS18 14.50) -->
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-locator"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.8. Medium -->
@@ -3493,90 +3646,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3922,14 +4099,13 @@
         </choose>
         <text macro="citation-notes-shortened-author-title-disambiguate"/>
         <choose>
-          <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
+          <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication"/>
+          <else-if match="none" position="first"/>
+          <else-if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111): give the date at the first citation in shortened notes -->
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+            <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+          </else-if>
         </choose>
         <text macro="source-monographic-publication-short-unbracketed"/>
       </group>
diff --git a/china-information.csl b/china-information.csl
index 95075a203d..f5c2f5a01e 100644
--- a/china-information.csl
+++ b/china-information.csl
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
     <title>China Information</title>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/china-information</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/china-information" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/twentieth-century-music" rel="template"/>
     <link href="https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/journal/china-information#JournalStyle" rel="documentation"/>
     <author>
       <name>Patrick O'Brien</name>
diff --git a/dependent/florilegium.csl b/dependent/florilegium.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cd8a01526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/florilegium.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>Florilegium: Journal of the Canadian Society of Medievalists</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/florilegium</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/florilegium" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://utppublishing.com/journals/flor/guidelines-for-authors" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <issn>0709-5201</issn>
+    <eissn>2369-7180</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/historical-social-research.csl b/dependent/historical-social-research.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb5c179ace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/historical-social-research.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>Historical Social Research</title>
+    <title-short>HSR</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/historical-social-research</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/historical-social-research" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-classic" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.gesis.org/en/hsr/publish-with-us/manuscript-guidelines" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <issn>0172-6404</issn>
+    <eissn>2366-6846</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-11-23T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/humanistica-lovaniensia.csl b/dependent/humanistica-lovaniensia.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..daebb0e33d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/humanistica-lovaniensia.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
+  <info>
+    <title>Humanistica Lovaniensia. Journal of Neo-Latin and New Ancient Greek Studies</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/humanistica-lovaniensia</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/humanistica-lovaniensia" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.arts.kuleuven.be/sph/humanistica" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="linguistics"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <category field="philosophy"/>
+    <category field="theology"/>
+    <issn>0774-2908</issn>
+    <eissn>2593-3019</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-11-22T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/industrial-relations.csl b/dependent/industrial-relations.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4cdde354f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/industrial-relations.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
+  <info>
+    <title>Industrial Relations</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/industrial-relations</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/industrial-relations" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/1468232x/homepage/forauthors.html" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <issn>0019-8676</issn>
+    <eissn>1468-232X</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-11-05T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/journal-of-medieval-history.csl b/dependent/journal-of-medieval-history.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11245103ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/journal-of-medieval-history.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
+  <info>
+    <title>Journal of Medieval History</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/journal-of-medieval-history</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/journal-of-medieval-history" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-archive-place-first" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.tandfonline.com/action/authorSubmission?journalCode=rmed20" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <issn>0304-4181</issn>
+    <eissn>1873-1279</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/journal-of-medieval-latin.csl b/dependent/journal-of-medieval-latin.csl
index 4f362fb7c8..cd4b7bcfab 100644
--- a/dependent/journal-of-medieval-latin.csl
+++ b/dependent/journal-of-medieval-latin.csl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     <title-short>JMLat</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/journal-of-medieval-latin</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/journal-of-medieval-latin" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-label-page-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="independent-parent"/>
     <link href="https://medievallatin.utoronto.ca/submissions/" rel="documentation"/>
     <category citation-format="note"/>
     <category field="history"/>
diff --git a/dependent/manuscript-studies.csl b/dependent/manuscript-studies.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1aaa3d96ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/manuscript-studies.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>Manuscript Studies</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/manuscript-studies</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/manuscript-studies" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.pennpress.org/journals/journal/manuscript-studies/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <issn>2381-5329</issn>
+    <eissn>2380-1190</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-10-29T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/plainsong-and-medieval-music.csl b/dependent/plainsong-and-medieval-music.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e58e76a35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/plainsong-and-medieval-music.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
+  <info>
+    <title>Plainsong &amp; Medieval Music</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/plainsong-and-medieval-music</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/plainsong-and-medieval-music" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/plainsong-and-medieval-music/information/author-instructions/preparing-your-materials" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <issn>0961-1371</issn>
+    <eissn>1474-0087</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-05-20T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-apa.csl b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-apa.csl
index cdbfd96614..e5fd45a658 100644
--- a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-apa.csl
+++ b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-apa.csl
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-apa</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-apa" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa" rel="independent-parent"/>
-    <link href="http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/authors/style/reference/tf_APA.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
+    <link href="https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/tf_APA.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
     <category citation-format="author-date"/>
     <updated>2012-09-09T21:58:08+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
diff --git a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-note.csl b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-eb.csl
similarity index 62%
rename from dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-note.csl
rename to dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-eb.csl
index 2287da2a2e..b4b208aa0b 100644
--- a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-note.csl
+++ b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-eb.csl
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
   <info>
-    <title>Taylor &amp; Francis - Chicago Manual of Style (note)</title>
-    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-note</id>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-note" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography" rel="independent-parent"/>
-    <link href="http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/authors/style/reference/tf_ChicagoEB.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
+    <title>Taylor &amp; Francis - Chicago Manual of Style (shortened notes and bibliography)</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-eb</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-eb" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/tf_ChicagoEB.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
     <category citation-format="note"/>
-    <updated>2012-09-09T21:58:08+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
 </style>
diff --git a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-l.csl b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-l.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bbddc4d31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-l.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
+  <info>
+    <title>Taylor &amp; Francis - Chicago Manual of Style L (notes without bibliography, British English)</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-l</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-l" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-classic-archive-place-first" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/tf_L.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-n.csl b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-n.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4d1649ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-chicago-n.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
+  <info>
+    <title>Taylor &amp; Francis - Chicago Manual of Style N (shortened notes and bibliography, British English)</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-n</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-chicago-n" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/tf_N.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-harvard-v.csl b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-harvard-v.csl
index 7650da7827..a55b7ac6d1 100644
--- a/dependent/taylor-and-francis-harvard-v.csl
+++ b/dependent/taylor-and-francis-harvard-v.csl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-harvard-v</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-harvard-v" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/taylor-and-francis-harvard-x" rel="independent-parent"/>
-    <link href="http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/authors/style/reference/tf_V.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
+    <link href="https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/tf_V.pdf" rel="documentation"/>
     <category citation-format="author-date"/>
     <updated>2012-09-27T22:06:38+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
diff --git a/dependent/the-journal-of-modern-history.csl b/dependent/the-journal-of-modern-history.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..508535a020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/the-journal-of-modern-history.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>The Journal of Modern History</title>
+    <title-short>JMH</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/the-journal-of-modern-history</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/the-journal-of-modern-history" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-publisher-place-no-url" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/jmh/instruct-articles" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <issn>0022-2801</issn>
+    <eissn>1537-5358</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-11-22T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/the-papers-of-the-bibliographical-society-of-america.csl b/dependent/the-papers-of-the-bibliographical-society-of-america.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..082fe7ba5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/the-papers-of-the-bibliographical-society-of-america.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America</title>
+    <title-short>PBSA</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/the-papers-of-the-bibliographical-society-of-america</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/the-papers-of-the-bibliographical-society-of-america" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/pbsa/instruct" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="literature"/>
+    <issn>0006-128X</issn>
+    <eissn>2377-6528</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-11-23T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/turabian-author-date.csl b/dependent/turabian-author-date.csl
index 1dc60b253b..88f939dc2c 100644
--- a/dependent/turabian-author-date.csl
+++ b/dependent/turabian-author-date.csl
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
   <info>
     <title>Turabian 9th edition (author-date)</title>
+    <title-short>A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-author-date</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-author-date" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-author-date-17th-edition" rel="independent-parent"/>
diff --git a/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl b/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
index d1435bc94a..167fde00bd 100644
--- a/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
+++ b/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
   <info>
     <title>Turabian 9th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent author-only citations)</title>
+    <title-short>A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-17th-edition" rel="independent-parent"/>
diff --git a/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl b/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
index f3e0ede1da..9585835d44 100644
--- a/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
+++ b/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
   <info>
     <title>Turabian 9th edition (notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid.)</title>
+    <title-short>A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition" rel="independent-parent"/>
diff --git a/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography.csl b/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography.csl
index 6be3d9a8f7..d9e9374f38 100644
--- a/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography.csl
+++ b/dependent/turabian-notes-bibliography.csl
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
   <info>
     <title>Turabian 9th edition (notes and bibliography)</title>
+    <title-short>A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-notes-bibliography</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-notes-bibliography" rel="self"/>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition" rel="independent-parent"/>
diff --git a/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl b/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53513bb2a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>Turabian 9th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, subsequent author-only citations)</title>
+    <title-short>A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-17th-edition" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/turabian/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl b/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0462128db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>Turabian 9th edition (shortened notes and bibliography, subsequent ibid.)</title>
+    <title-short>A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-ibid-17th-edition" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/turabian/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography.csl b/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..420e58ae9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-US">
+  <info>
+    <title>Turabian 9th edition (shortened notes and bibliography)</title>
+    <title-short>A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations</title-short>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/turabian-shortened-notes-bibliography" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-shortened-notes-bibliography-subsequent-author-title-17th-edition" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/turabian/" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="generic-base"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <category field="social_science"/>
+    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/twentieth-century-music.csl b/dependent/twentieth-century-music.csl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1068fcfc39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependent/twentieth-century-music.csl
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
+  <info>
+    <title>Twentieth-Century Music</title>
+    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/twentieth-century-music</id>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/twentieth-century-music" rel="self"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/twentieth-century-music/information/author-instructions/preparing-your-materials" rel="documentation"/>
+    <category citation-format="note"/>
+    <category field="history"/>
+    <category field="humanities"/>
+    <issn>1478-5722</issn>
+    <eissn>1478-5730</eissn>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
+  </info>
+</style>
diff --git a/dependent/university-of-york-chicago.csl b/dependent/university-of-york-chicago.csl
index 7f08ede21e..8c6fc3ae06 100644
--- a/dependent/university-of-york-chicago.csl
+++ b/dependent/university-of-york-chicago.csl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" version="1.0" default-locale="en-GB">
   <info>
-    <title>University of York - Chicago Manual of Style</title>
+    <title>University of York - Chicago Manual of Style (notes and bibliography, British English)</title>
     <title-short>UoY Chicago</title-short>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/university-of-york-chicago</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/university-of-york-chicago" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first" rel="independent-parent"/>
     <link href="https://subjectguides.york.ac.uk/referencing-style-guides/chicago" rel="documentation"/>
     <category citation-format="note"/>
     <updated>2025-07-31T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
diff --git a/dependent/viator.csl b/dependent/viator.csl
index 6848585fd3..3b656611db 100644
--- a/dependent/viator.csl
+++ b/dependent/viator.csl
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
     <title>Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies</title>
     <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/viator</id>
     <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/viator" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-archive-place-first" rel="independent-parent"/>
+    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography-classic-archive-place-first-no-url" rel="independent-parent"/>
     <link href="https://www.brepols.net/series/viator" rel="documentation"/>
     <category citation-format="note"/>
     <category field="history"/>
diff --git a/historical-social-research.csl b/historical-social-research.csl
deleted file mode 100644
index f86efdc8d1..0000000000
--- a/historical-social-research.csl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,625 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago">
-  <!-- Polyglot; journal publishes in English and German -->
-  <info>
-    <title>Historical Social Research</title>
-    <title-short>HSR</title-short>
-    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/historical-social-research</id>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/historical-social-research" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/historical-social-research" rel="template"/>
-    <link href="http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html" rel="documentation"/>
-    <author>
-      <name>Patrick O'Brien</name>
-    </author>
-    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
-    <category field="history"/>
-    <category field="humanities"/>
-    <issn>0172-6404</issn>
-    <updated>2018-01-22T17:49:54+00:00</updated>
-    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
-  </info>
-  <locale xml:lang="de">
-    <terms>
-      <term name="page-range-delimiter">-</term>
-    </terms>
-  </locale>
-  <locale xml:lang="en">
-    <terms>
-      <term name="page-range-delimiter">-</term>
-      <term name="container-author" form="verb">by</term>
-      <term name="translator" form="verb-short">trans.</term>
-      <term name="editortranslator" form="verb">edited and translated by</term>
-      <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
-    </terms>
-  </locale>
-  <macro name="secondary-contributors">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="none">
-        <group delimiter=". ">
-          <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=". ">
-            <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
-          </names>
-          <names variable="director" delimiter=". ">
-            <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
-          </names>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="container-contributors">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
-          <names variable="container-author" delimiter=", ">
-            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
-          </names>
-          <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
-            <label form="short" plural="never" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
-          </names>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="recipient">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="personal_communication">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="genre">
-            <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-    <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
-      <label form="verb" prefix=" " text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-      <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="substitute-title">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-magazine article-newspaper review review-book" match="any">
-        <text macro="container-title"/>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="contributors">
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <names variable="author">
-        <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="always" name-as-sort-order="first"/>
-        <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
-        <substitute>
-          <names variable="editor"/>
-          <names variable="translator"/>
-          <names variable="director"/>
-          <text macro="substitute-title"/>
-          <text macro="title"/>
-        </substitute>
-      </names>
-      <text macro="recipient"/>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="contributors-short">
-    <names variable="author">
-      <name form="short" and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with=". "/>
-      <substitute>
-        <names variable="editor"/>
-        <names variable="translator"/>
-        <names variable="director"/>
-        <text macro="substitute-title"/>
-        <text macro="title"/>
-      </substitute>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="interviewer">
-    <names variable="interviewer" delimiter=", ">
-      <label form="verb" prefix=" " text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
-      <name and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="archive">
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <text variable="archive_location" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-      <text variable="archive"/>
-      <text variable="archive-place"/>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="access">
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="graphic report" match="any">
-          <text macro="archive"/>
-        </if>
-        <else-if type="article-journal bill book chapter legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference" match="none">
-          <text macro="archive"/>
-        </else-if>
-      </choose>
-      <choose>
-        <if type="webpage post-weblog" match="any">
-          <date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
-            <date-part name="month"/>
-            <date-part name="day"/>
-          </date>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="issued" match="none">
-          <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
-            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            <date form="text" variable="accessed"/>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-      <choose>
-        <if type="legal_case" match="none">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="DOI">
-              <text variable="DOI" prefix="doi:"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <text variable="URL"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="title">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="title" match="none">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="personal_communication" match="none">
-            <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="bill book graphic legislation motion_picture song" match="any">
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
-        <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
-          <text term="version"/>
-          <text variable="version"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="reviewed-author">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="reviewed-title">
-            <group delimiter=". ">
-              <text variable="title" text-case="title"/>
-              <group delimiter=", ">
-                <text variable="reviewed-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
-                <names variable="reviewed-author">
-                  <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-                  <name and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
-                </names>
-              </group>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
-              <names variable="reviewed-author">
-                <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="legal_case interview patent" match="any">
-        <text variable="title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="edition">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if is-numeric="edition">
-            <group delimiter=" " prefix=". ">
-              <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
-              <text term="edition" form="short" strip-periods="true"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text variable="edition" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if is-numeric="edition">
-            <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
-              <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
-              <text term="edition" form="short"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text variable="edition" prefix=", "/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume">
-            <text variable="volume" prefix=" "/>
-            <group prefix=" (" suffix=")">
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="issue">
-                  <text variable="issue"/>
-                </if>
-                <else>
-                  <date variable="issued">
-                    <date-part name="month"/>
-                  </date>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="issue">
-            <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
-              <text term="issue" form="short"/>
-              <text variable="issue"/>
-              <date variable="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")">
-                <date-part name="month"/>
-              </date>
-            </group>
-          </else-if>
-          <else>
-            <date variable="issued" prefix=", ">
-              <date-part name="month"/>
-            </date>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="legal_case">
-        <text variable="volume" prefix=", "/>
-        <text variable="container-title" prefix=" "/>
-        <text variable="page" prefix=" "/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture report song" match="any">
-        <group prefix=". " delimiter=". ">
-          <group>
-            <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
-            <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
-          </group>
-          <group>
-            <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
-            <text term="volume" form="short" prefix=" " plural="true"/>
-          </group>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="page" match="none">
-            <group prefix=". ">
-              <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
-              <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-chapter">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="page">
-            <group prefix=", ">
-              <text variable="volume" suffix=":"/>
-              <text variable="page"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-article">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-newspaper">
-        <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text variable="edition"/>
-            <text term="edition"/>
-          </group>
-          <group>
-            <text term="section" form="short" suffix=" "/>
-            <text variable="section"/>
-          </group>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume issue" match="any">
-            <text variable="page" prefix=": "/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text variable="page" prefix=", "/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
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diff --git a/humanistica-lovaniensia-journal-of-neo-latin-studies.csl b/humanistica-lovaniensia-journal-of-neo-latin-studies.csl
deleted file mode 100644
index edde746941..0000000000
--- a/humanistica-lovaniensia-journal-of-neo-latin-studies.csl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,299 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" version="1.0" page-range-format="minimal" demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only">
-  <!-- Polyglot; journal publishes in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish -->
-  <info>
-    <title>Humanistica Lovaniensia. Journal of Neo-Latin Studies</title>
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diff --git a/industrial-relations.csl b/industrial-relations.csl
deleted file mode 100644
index 75ce0643d2..0000000000
--- a/industrial-relations.csl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only" page-range-format="expanded" default-locale="en-GB">
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-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/acta-palaeontologica-polonica" rel="template"/>
-    <link href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/1468232x/homepage/forauthors.html" rel="documentation"/>
-    <author>
-      <name>Patrick O'Brien</name>
-      <email>citationstyler@gmail.com</email>
-    </author>
-    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
-    <category field="humanities"/>
-    <issn>0019-8676</issn>
-    <eissn>1468-232X</eissn>
-    <updated>2019-07-19T13:36:26+00:00</updated>
-    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
-  </info>
-  <macro name="author">
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-      <name sort-separator=", " initialize-with="." and="text" name-as-sort-order="all" delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never" form="long"/>
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-    <names variable="editor">
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-      <substitute>
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-      <else-if type="book chapter webpage" variable="container-title volume page" match="none">
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-          <if type="bill book graphic legal_case motion_picture report song" match="any">
-            <group delimiter=". ">
-              <text variable="title" text-case="capitalize-first" font-style="italic"/>
-              <group>
-                <text macro="editor" suffix=" "/>
-                <group>
-                  <text variable="collection-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title" suffix=". "/>
-                  <choose>
-                    <if is-numeric="volume">
-                      <group delimiter=" ">
-                        <text value="Vol. "/>
-                        <number variable="volume" suffix="."/>
-                      </group>
-                    </if>
-                    <else>
-                      <text variable="volume" suffix="."/>
-                    </else>
-                  </choose>
-                </group>
-              </group>
-              <text macro="publisher" prefix=" "/>
-              <text variable="page"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else-if type="thesis" match="any">
-            <text variable="title" suffix="."/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text variable="genre"/>
-              <text macro="publisher"/>
-              <text variable="number-of-pages"/>
-            </group>
-            <text term="page" form="short" prefix="p"/>
-          </else-if>
-          <else-if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-            <group delimiter=". ">
-              <text variable="title" quotes="true"/>
-              <group delimiter=", ">
-                <group delimiter=" ">
-                  <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" font-style="normal"/>
-                  <text variable="container-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic" suffix=", "/>
-                </group>
-                <text macro="editor"/>
-                <choose>
-                  <if is-numeric="volume">
-                    <group delimiter=" ">
-                      <text value="Vol. "/>
-                      <number variable="volume" suffix=", "/>
-                    </group>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text variable="volume" suffix=". "/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
-                <group delimiter=" ">
-                  <label variable="page" form="short"/>
-                  <text variable="page"/>
-                </group>
-              </group>
-              <text macro="publisher"/>
-            </group>
-          </else-if>
-          <else-if type="webpage post post-weblog" match="any">
-            <group>
-              <text variable="title" font-style="italic" suffix=". "/>
-              <text variable="container-title" form="long" suffix=". "/>
-              <text variable="URL" prefix="Downloaded from " suffix=" "/>
-              <date variable="accessed" prefix="on ">
-                <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
-                <date-part name="month" suffix=" "/>
-                <date-part name="year" suffix="."/>
-              </date>
-            </group>
-            <text prefix=" " macro="publisher"/>
-          </else-if>
-          <else>
-            <group delimiter=". ">
-              <text variable="title" quotes="true"/>
-              <group delimiter=":">
-                <group delimiter=" ">
-                  <text variable="container-title" form="long" font-style="italic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                  <text variable="volume"/>
-                  <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-                </group>
-                <text variable="page" prefix=": "/>
-              </group>
-            </group>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </group>
-    </layout>
-  </bibliography>
-</style>
diff --git a/renamed-styles.json b/renamed-styles.json
index 79bae71bcf..9f093604d6 100644
--- a/renamed-styles.json
+++ b/renamed-styles.json
@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@
     "harvard7de": "fachhochschule-vorarlberg-author-date",
     "head-and-neck-oncology": "biomed-central",
     "homo-journal-of-comparative-human-biology": "homo",
+    "humanistica-lovaniensia-journal-of-neo-latin-studies": "humanistica-lovaniensia",
     "hwr-berlin": "hochschule-fur-wirtschaft-und-recht-berlin",
     "ices-jms": "ices-journal-of-marine-science",
     "ieee-w-url": "ieee-with-url",
@@ -519,6 +520,7 @@
     "tah-gkw": "geistes-und-kulturwissenschaften-heilmann",
     "tah-soz": "sozialwissenschaften-heilmann",
     "taylor-and-francis-american-psychological-association": "taylor-and-francis-apa",
+    "taylor-and-francis-chicago-note": "taylor-and-francis-chicago-eb",
     "taylor-and-francis-reference-style-f": "taylor-and-francis-chicago-f",
     "technische-universitat-dresden-medizin": "apa",
     "technology-operation-management": "springer-humanities-author-date",
diff --git a/taylor-and-francis-chicago-author-date.csl b/taylor-and-francis-chicago-author-date.csl
index a878df824a..ecf731cce4 100644
--- a/taylor-and-francis-chicago-author-date.csl
+++ b/taylor-and-francis-chicago-author-date.csl
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     </author>
     <category citation-format="author-date"/>
     <summary>Taylor &amp; Francis Journals adaptation of Chicago-style source citations (with Bluebook for legal citations), author-date system, 17th edition: with expanded page ranges, no substitution of repeated authors with em dashes</summary>
-    <updated>2025-08-07T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
+    <updated>2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
     <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
   </info>
   <locale xml:lang="en">
@@ -264,6 +264,12 @@
       <text variable="locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-locator-all">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="locator"/>
+      <text variable="locator"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-number-capitalized">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -285,6 +291,12 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="label-page">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <label form="short" variable="page"/>
+      <text variable="page"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="label-part-number">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
@@ -377,6 +389,8 @@
         </if>
       </choose>
       <text variable="volume"/>
+      <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+      <!-- <choose><if is-numeric="number-of-volumes" variable="volume"><text value="of"/><text variable="number-of-volumes"/></if></choose>-->
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="label-volume-capitalized">
@@ -418,6 +432,14 @@
           </else-if>
         </choose>
         <names variable="illustrator"/>
+        <choose>
+          <!-- list an edited multivolume work with individual part titles under the name of the series editor; remove this condition for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book"/>
+          <else-if variable="container-title"/>
+          <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+            <names variable="collection-editor"/>
+          </else-if>
+        </choose>
         <choose>
           <if match="none" type="standard">
             <names variable="editor-translator"/>
@@ -581,26 +603,45 @@
     <!-- identical to `author-short-and-recipient` but with initialization -->
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <!-- Inaccessible personal commmunication is cited in-text (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_commmunication`: in-text citation (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-          <!-- These variables indicate whether the letter is retrievable by the reader -->
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="author">
-              <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
-              <substitute>
-                <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-              </substitute>
-            </names>
-          </group>
           <choose>
-            <if match="none" variable="genre">
+            <if position="first">
+              <!-- do not shorten at first reference as there is no bibliography entry -->
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text"/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="author">
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <substitute>
+                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+                </substitute>
+              </names>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+          <choose>
+            <if variable="genre"/>
+            <!-- recipient appears in the description if there is a `genre`; otherwise after `author` -->
+            <else-if position="first">
               <names variable="recipient">
                 <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" initialize-with=". "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
               </names>
-            </if>
+            </else-if>
+            <else>
+              <names variable="recipient">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text" form="short" initialize-with=". "/>
+              </names>
+            </else>
           </choose>
         </if>
+        <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication`: standard citation -->
         <else-if variable="author recipient">
           <names variable="author">
             <label/>
@@ -678,7 +719,10 @@
   </macro>
   <macro name="author-title-substitute-container">
     <choose>
+      <!-- if there is no `container-title`, there is nothing to substitute -->
       <if match="none" variable="container-title"/>
+      <!-- no CMOS model for citing an anonymous article with an issue title in `volume-title` -->
+      <else-if variable="volume-title"/>
       <else-if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
         <!-- Anonymous magazine and newspaper articles substitute name of publication (CMOS18 14.87, 14.97) -->
         <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
@@ -714,15 +758,15 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
         <!-- Anonymous entries in reference works (CMOS18 14.130) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="broadcast">
         <!-- TV broadcasts and podcasts (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="webpage">
         <!-- Website title substituted in bibliography only (CMOS18 14.104) -->
-        <text text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -739,12 +783,12 @@
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <group>
           <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
@@ -786,31 +830,27 @@
           </choose>
           <group>
             <choose>
-              <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-                <choose>
-                  <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                    <!-- These variables indicate that the communication is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the in-text-only personal communication format -->
-                    <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
-                  </if>
-                  <else>
-                    <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
-                  </else>
-                </choose>
+              <if match="none" type="interview personal_communication">
+                <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
               </if>
-              <else>
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` items appear in the bibliography; inaccessible items are in-text only -->
+              <else-if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
                 <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+              </else-if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
               </else>
             </choose>
             <text variable="year-suffix"/>
           </group>
         </group>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date">
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
-      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="event-date">
         <text macro="date-event-year"/>
       </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
+        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="status">
         <!-- Print the status variable rather than use generic CSL terms (`in press`, etc.) -->
         <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
@@ -979,17 +1019,23 @@
           <text macro="title-bib"/>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </if>
         <else-if match="any" type="bill report">
           <!-- Bills, resolutions, and congressional reports substitute bill number if no title -->
           <!-- Congressional reports are indistinguishable from other reports -->
           <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
         </else-if>
         <else>
           <text macro="description-bib"/>
           <text macro="identifier-bib"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
         </else>
       </choose>
     </group>
@@ -1013,7 +1059,9 @@
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="container-title number title">
           <!-- Bespoke `broadcast` format (CMOS18 14.165, 14.168) -->
-          <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+          <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+          <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
           <group delimiter=", ">
             <text macro="identifier-number-bib"/>
             <text macro="title-bib"/>
@@ -1029,7 +1077,7 @@
           </choose>
         </if>
         <else-if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
-          <!-- 'Introduction to' etc. (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
+          <!-- 'introduction to', 'online appendix to' (CMOS18 14.12, 14.14) -->
           <group delimiter=" ">
             <text macro="title-and-descriptions-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-bib"/>
@@ -1079,7 +1127,9 @@
         <choose>
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
-            <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+            <text macro="title-primary"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
           <else>
             <!-- serial usage -->
@@ -1088,7 +1138,9 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text macro="title-monographic-bib"/>
+        <text macro="title-primary"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="title-monographic-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1140,25 +1192,6 @@
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="title-monographic-bib">
-    <!-- For monographic items, assume `part-number` and `part-title` refer to the book/volume. -->
-    <!-- There is no `title-monographic-note` as notes always open with the primary title. -->
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="container-title">
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </if>
-      <!-- For monographic items without `container-title`, bibliography entries list `part-title` or `volume-title` first if available -->
-      <else-if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="title-primary"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
   <macro name="title-part">
     <choose>
       <if type="patent">
@@ -1195,8 +1228,31 @@
       </else-if>
       <!-- Other types are formatted based on presence of `container-title` -->
       <else-if variable="container-title">
-        <!-- Quotes, title case -->
-        <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+            <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+            <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </if>
+          <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+            <choose>
+              <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+                <!-- monographic usage -->
+                <!-- Italics, title case -->
+                <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <!-- serial usage -->
+                <!-- Quotes, title case -->
+                <text quotes="true" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else-if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <!-- Italics, title case -->
+            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="part-title"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" type="article dataset document interview manuscript paper-conference personal_communication speech thesis webpage">
         <!-- Container-like but not necessarily with `container-title` -->
@@ -1344,7 +1400,22 @@
   <macro name="description-short">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="interview" variable="interviewer">
-        <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- for an inaccessible `interview`, give a full in-text description at the first citation -->
+            <choose>
+              <if position="first">
+                <text macro="description-interview-note"/>
+              </if>
+              <else>
+                <text macro="description-interview-short"/>
+              </else>
+            </choose>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
       </if>
       <else-if match="any" type="review review-book" variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title">
         <text macro="description-review-short"/>
@@ -1397,13 +1468,11 @@
       </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="description-format-short">
+  <macro name="description-format-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="genre">
+      <if variable="genre number"/>
+      <else-if variable="genre">
         <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="medium">
-        <text variable="medium"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="manuscript">
         <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
@@ -1414,18 +1483,56 @@
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="personal_communication">
-        <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+        <!-- 'personal communication' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
         <choose>
           <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-            <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            <text term="personal-communication"/>
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
-        <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
-      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-format-short">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+          <!-- untitled introductions: cf. review model, which includes a title (CMOS18 14.101) -->
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <text form="short" variable="genre"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="medium">
+          <text form="short" variable="medium"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="manuscript">
+          <!-- 'unpublished manuscript' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.114) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text term="manuscript"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if type="personal_communication">
+          <!-- 'pers. comm.' if no `genre` (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+          <choose>
+            <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <text form="short" term="personal-communication"/>
+            </if>
+          </choose>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number container-title">
+          <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-note"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" form="short" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+        </else-if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-generic-bib">
     <!-- For conference presentations/performances/events, chapters in reports/standards/generic documents, software, place description within the source element -->
     <choose>
@@ -1457,7 +1564,9 @@
             <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
             <group delimiter=" ">
               <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
-              <names variable="interviewer"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </group>
           </group>
         </else-if>
@@ -1474,12 +1583,46 @@
       <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="description-interview-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if variable="genre number">
+          <!-- `genre` printed with `number` -->
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+        <else-if variable="genre">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text variable="genre"/>
+            <group delimiter=" ">
+              <text form="verb" term="container-author"/>
+              <names variable="interviewer">
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
+            </group>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
+        <else-if variable="interviewer">
+          <names variable="interviewer">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </else-if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="description-format-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-event-place-first"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="description-interview-short">
     <choose>
       <if disambiguate="true">
         <names variable="interviewer">
           <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text"/>
+          <name and="text" form="short"/>
           <substitute>
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
           </substitute>
@@ -1548,7 +1691,7 @@
             <text macro="description-format-short"/>
             <names variable="recipient">
               <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-              <name and="text"/>
+              <name and="text" form="short"/>
             </names>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -1691,7 +1834,7 @@
         <text macro="description-format-short"/>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text variable="section"/>
+        <text form="short" variable="section"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -1711,6 +1854,7 @@
         </else>
       </choose>
       <names variable="author">
+        <name and="text"/>
         <substitute>
           <names variable="performer"/>
         </substitute>
@@ -1754,7 +1898,11 @@
           <text macro="identifier-edition-bib"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -1776,7 +1924,7 @@
           </choose>
           <text macro="identifier-volume-monographic-bib"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `identifier-volume-monographic-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
+            <!-- contributors supplied in `identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
@@ -2026,10 +2174,11 @@
   <macro name="identifier-number-bib">
     <group delimiter=" ">
       <choose>
-        <if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
+        <if type="thesis"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast" variable="genre">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
-        </if>
+        </else-if>
         <else-if is-numeric="number" type="broadcast">
           <text text-case="capitalize-first" value="episode"/>
           <text variable="number"/>
@@ -2098,66 +2247,75 @@
     </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed either under an individual volume title or its series, but the former approach is required for author-date, which is the form that this macro implements (CMOS18 14.21) -->
+    <!-- In notes styles, bibliography entries may be listed beginning with either the general title of the multivolume set or that of the individual volume; the former approach is listed first, but the latter is required in author-date (CMOS18 14.21) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
       <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <if match="any" variable="volume volume-title">
+          <!-- if there is a volume or volume title, the part number is not capitalized -->
+          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="title-primary"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number part-title">
+          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+          <names variable="editor-translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+          <names delimiter=", " variable="editor translator">
+            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+            <name and="text"/>
+          </names>
+        </if>
+      </choose>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <macro name="identifier-volume-note">
+    <!-- List the general title first in the notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <choose>
+        <if match="any" variable="part-number part-title volume-title">
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
+          <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
           <text macro="label-part-number"/>
+          <text macro="title-part"/>
+        </if>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+          <!-- provide lone `volume` only if it does not appear in `source-monographic-locator-note` (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+          <choose>
+            <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
-        <else-if variable="part-number">
-          <text macro="label-part-number-capitalized"/>
+        <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
+          <choose>
+            <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="label-volume"/>
+            </if>
+            <!-- always display number of volumes in notes without bibliography (CMOS 14.20): -->
+            <!-- <else><text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/></else>-->
+          </choose>
         </else-if>
         <else-if variable="volume">
-          <text macro="label-volume-capitalized"/>
+          <text macro="label-volume"/>
         </else-if>
+        <!-- notes only show the number of volumes if there is no physical locator, which should include a volume number, e.g. 4:243; except when using notes without bibliography (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+        <else-if locator="column"/>
+        <else-if locator="folio"/>
+        <else-if locator="page"/>
         <else>
           <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
         </else>
@@ -2172,11 +2330,15 @@
           <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
             <!-- monographic usage -->
             <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
           </if>
         </choose>
       </else-if>
       <else>
         <text macro="identifier-volume-bib"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="identifier-volume-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2273,7 +2435,7 @@
       <text macro="source-serial-name"/>
       <choose>
         <!-- 'ahead of print' is placed akin to a series (CMOS18 14.75) -->
-        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume"/>
+        <if match="any" variable="available-date collection-title issue number page status supplement-number volume volume-title"/>
         <else-if type="article-journal" variable="DOI issued">
           <text term="advance-online-publication"/>
         </else-if>
@@ -2449,7 +2611,16 @@
         <group delimiter=", ">
           <text macro="label-locator"/>
           <!-- an article ID appears alongside locators in notes (CMOS18 14.71) -->
-          <text variable="number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <!-- if there is an `archive` with no other reference, `number` appears in `source-archive-database-number` -->
+            <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place">
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </if>
+            <else-if variable="archive"/>
+            <else>
+              <text variable="number"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
         </group>
       </if>
       <!-- do not give pages for magazines or newspapers (CMOS18 14.87, 14.89) -->
@@ -2472,10 +2643,14 @@
                   <text macro="source-monographic-preposition-bib"/>
                 </if>
               </choose>
-              <text macro="source-monographic-title-bib"/>
+              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+              <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+              <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-title-specific-title-first"/> -->
             </group>
             <text macro="source-monographic-description-bib"/>
             <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib"/>
+            <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+            <!-- <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
             <text macro="source-monographic-locator"/>
           </group>
         </if>
@@ -2524,16 +2699,37 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-title-bib">
+  <macro name="source-monographic-preposition-note">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="part-title">
-        <text macro="title-part"/>
+      <if type="chapter" variable="container-title genre">
+        <text value="to"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume-title">
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="author composer">
+            <!-- Give preposition only for signed entries; otherwise, title is substituted -->
+            <text term="in"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number page title">
+        <text term="in"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="chapter-number">
+        <group delimiter=" ">
+          <text macro="label-chapter-number"/>
+          <choose>
+            <if type="song">
+              <text term="on"/>
+            </if>
+            <else>
+              <text term="in"/>
+            </else>
+          </choose>
+        </group>
       </else-if>
       <else>
-        <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
+        <text term="in"/>
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
@@ -2575,7 +2771,11 @@
           <text macro="label-edition"/>
           <choose>
             <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+              <!-- if there is a volume or part title, contributors follow the corresponding titles: parent title first in notes (CMOS18 14.20) -->
+              <names variable="collection-editor">
+                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
+                <name and="text"/>
+              </names>
             </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <!-- `collection-editor` belongs with `collection-title` if item is not multivolume -->
@@ -2595,10 +2795,12 @@
               <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
             </else>
           </choose>
-          <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib"/>
+          <!-- use the note form for an item with `container-title` -->
+          <text macro="identifier-volume-note"/>
           <choose>
-            <!-- `collection-editor` supplied in `source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib` if there is a `part-title` or `volume-title` -->
-            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title"/>
+            <if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
+              <text macro="source-monographic-identifier-contributors-bib"/>
+            </if>
             <else-if match="any" variable="number-of-volumes part-number volume">
               <choose>
                 <if variable="collection-editor">
@@ -2680,86 +2882,15 @@
       </choose>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-monographic-identifier-volume-bib">
-    <!-- Mostly identical to `identifier-volume-bib` but without capitalization; giving `container-title` rather than `title-primary`; and ensuring volume number -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="part-number part-title volume volume-title">
-          <!-- part and title with individual titles -->
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="volume-title"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            <text value="of"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-title volume-title">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="part-number volume">
-                <group delimiter=", ">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                  <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                  <text value="of"/>
-                </group>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="part-number">
-                <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-              <else-if variable="volume">
-                <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                <text value="of"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="container-title"/>
-              <names variable="collection-editor">
-                <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text"/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="part-number volume">
-          <choose>
-            <if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </if>
-            <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-              <choose>
-                <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
-                <if match="any" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
-                  <text macro="label-volume"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </else-if>
-            <else>
-              <text macro="label-volume"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="label-part-number"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text macro="label-number-of-volumes"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
   <!-- Monographic source locator -->
   <macro name="source-monographic-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location"/>
+      <else-if is-numeric="volume" locator="page">
+        <!-- separate a volume and page number with a colon (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <if match="none" variable="collection-editor part-number part-title volume-title">
@@ -2768,12 +2899,12 @@
           </choose>
           <text variable="locator"/>
         </group>
-      </if>
+      </else-if>
       <else-if variable="locator">
         <text macro="label-locator"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if is-numeric="volume" variable="page">
-        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent -->
+        <!-- collapse the volume and page number if adjacent (CMOS18 14.18) -->
         <group delimiter=":">
           <choose>
             <!-- check for variables that might come between the volume and page number -->
@@ -2784,6 +2915,8 @@
           <text variable="page"/>
         </group>
       </else-if>
+      <!-- archival locators appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page"/>
       <else>
         <text variable="page"/>
       </else>
@@ -3005,7 +3138,9 @@
       </choose>
       <group delimiter=" ">
         <text macro="source-date-status-bib"/>
-        <text macro="source-date-bib"/>
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-or-status"/>
+        <!-- for author-date or notes and bibliography leading with volume title (CMOS 14.21): -->
+        <!-- <text macro="source-date-bib-specific-title-first"/> -->
       </group>
       <choose>
         <if type="broadcast" variable="URL"/>
@@ -3028,7 +3163,7 @@
       </else-if>
       <else-if type="thesis">
         <!-- thesis type appears with university name (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <text macro="description-format-bib"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="genre"/>
       </else-if>
       <else-if match="any" variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place">
         <choose>
@@ -3090,7 +3225,9 @@
         <group delimiter=" ">
           <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
           <group delimiter=", ">
-            <names variable="original-author"/>
+            <names variable="original-author">
+              <name and="text"/>
+            </names>
             <text font-style="italic" text-case="title" variable="original-title"/>
           </group>
           <group delimiter=", " prefix="(" suffix=")">
@@ -3141,23 +3278,55 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.6. Date -->
-  <macro name="source-date-bib">
-    <!-- the date represents the last-mentioned title (CMOS18 14.21) -->
-    <!-- there is no `source-date-note` as the date of a multivolume work is not used in note form -->
+  <!-- Date elements -->
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-full">
+    <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
+    <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-full` -->
     <choose>
-      <if variable="available-date volume-title">
-        <!-- TODO: Is there a better CSL variable for a date of a multivolume work (CMOS18 14.21)? -->
-        <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
+      <if type="personal_communication" variable="event-date issued">
+        <!-- Provide issue date for letters listed under event-date -->
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
       </if>
-      <else-if variable="available-date part-title">
+      <else-if match="any" type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview paper-conference">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director">
+            <!-- monographic usage -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <!-- serial usage -->
+            <text macro="source-date-issued-full-serial"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="DOI URL">
+            <!-- Online reference works use full dates (CMOS18 14.131) -->
+            <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="article broadcast collection dataset document event graphic interview manuscript map patent performance personal_communication post software song speech standard webpage">
+        <text macro="date-issued-full"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="issued">
+        <text macro="date-issued-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="event-date">
+        <text macro="date-event-year"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="available-date">
         <date date-parts="year" form="text" variable="available-date"/>
       </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-date-issued-month-day"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Date elements -->
   <macro name="source-date-issued-full-serial">
     <choose>
       <if match="any" type="article-magazine article-newspaper">
@@ -3179,7 +3348,7 @@
     </choose>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-issued-month-day">
-    <!-- Variant for author-date styles -->
+    <!-- Use with author-date -->
     <!-- Give full date for more ephemeral types -->
     <!-- NB: any changes must also be applied to `source-date-original-month-day` -->
     <choose>
@@ -3225,6 +3394,48 @@
       </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-date-issued-or-status">
+    <choose>
+      <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <text macro="source-date-issued-full"/>
+      </if>
+      <else-if variable="status">
+        <text text-case="lowercase" variable="status"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+            <!-- only give n.d. for accessible personal communication (CMOS18 14.111)-->
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- types with unusual reference (CMOS18 14.44, 14.127) -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia webpage"/>
+      <else-if type="manuscript">
+        <!-- do not give n.d. with a bare shelfmark -->
+        <choose>
+          <if match="any" variable="container-title event-date event-place event-title genre title publisher publisher-place">
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </if>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if type="article-journal">
+        <choose>
+          <if variable="available-date">
+            <!-- label journal articles available but not yet formally published as 'forthcoming' (CMOS18 14.75) -->
+            <text term="forthcoming"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
+      <else>
+        <text form="short" term="no date"/>
+      </else>
+    </choose>
+  </macro>
   <macro name="source-date-original">
     <text macro="source-date-original-full"/>
     <!-- for author-date 18th edition: -->
@@ -3365,90 +3576,114 @@
       <text variable="dimensions"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
+  <macro name="source-medium-note">
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="medium"/>
+      <text variable="scale"/>
+      <text variable="dimensions"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
   <!-- 4.9. Archival location -->
   <macro name="source-archive-bib">
-    <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-bib"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
   </macro>
   <macro name="source-archive-note">
+    <group delimiter=" ">
+      <choose>
+        <if type="graphic">
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-institution-first"/>
+        </if>
+        <else>
+          <text macro="source-archive-reference-location-first-note"/>
+        </else>
+      </choose>
+      <text macro="source-archive-database-number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
+    </group>
+  </macro>
+  <!-- Archival elements -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-database-number">
+    <!-- database identifier, if not included elsewhere (CMOS18 14.113) -->
     <choose>
-      <!-- With `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: physical archives -->
-      <if type="graphic">
-        <text macro="source-archive-name-first"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if match="any" type="collection document manuscript personal_communication" variable="archive_collection archive-place">
-        <text macro="source-archive-location-first-note"/>
+      <if match="any" variable="archive_collection archive_location archive-place"/>
+      <!-- `number` never shown elsewhere with a thesis -->
+      <else-if type="thesis">
+        <text variable="number"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <!-- `number` shown with `genre` -->
+      <else-if match="any" type="dataset entry song" variable="genre"/>
+      <else-if variable="archive">
+        <text variable="number"/>
       </else-if>
-      <!-- Without `archive_collection` or `archive-place`: digital archives (database and identifier) -->
-      <else>
-        <text macro="source-archive-identifier"/>
-      </else>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <!-- Archival elements -->
-  <macro name="source-archive-identifier">
+  <macro name="source-archive-locator">
     <choose>
-      <if variable="archive archive_location">
-        <!-- database identifier: the only example is `thesis`, but presumably this is for all types (CMOS18 14.113) -->
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text prefix="(" suffix=")" variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
+      <!-- physical locators with archival references appear after the shelfmark (CMOS18 14.127) -->
+      <if locator="column" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <!-- archival locators must always be labelled to avoid confusion with `archive_location` (CMOS 14.123) -->
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
       </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
+      <else-if locator="folio" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if locator="page" variable="archive archive_location">
+        <text macro="label-locator-all"/>
+      </else-if>
+      <else-if variable="archive archive_location page">
+        <choose>
+          <if is-numeric="page">
+            <!-- TODO: remove this conditional when `page` parsing is fixed for different locator types -->
+            <text macro="label-page"/>
+          </if>
+          <else>
+            <text variable="page"/>
+          </else>
+        </choose>
+      </else-if>
     </choose>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-bib">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      </group>
-      <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive"/>
-        <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      </group>
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-institution-first">
+    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+    <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive"/>
+      <text variable="archive-place"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-location-first-note">
-    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.119, 14.127) -->
-    <!-- In note styles, the bibliography generally provide entries for a `collection` rather than individual items (CMOS18 14.120, 14.128) -->
-    <group delimiter=", ">
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-bib">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.128) -->
+    <group delimiter=". ">
       <group delimiter=", ">
-        <text variable="archive_location"/>
-        <text variable="archive_collection"/>
+        <text text-case="capitalize-first" variable="archive_location"/>
+        <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
       </group>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <group delimiter=", ">
         <text variable="archive"/>
         <text variable="archive-place"/>
       </group>
     </group>
   </macro>
-  <macro name="source-archive-name-first">
-    <!-- Archive (gallery) name first for art (CMOS18 14.133) -->
+  <macro name="source-archive-reference-location-first-note">
+    <!-- Order of elements begins with the most specific (CMOS18 14.127) -->
     <group delimiter=", ">
+      <text variable="archive_location"/>
+      <text macro="source-archive-locator"/>
+      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
       <text variable="archive"/>
       <text variable="archive-place"/>
-      <text variable="archive_collection"/>
-      <text variable="archive_location"/>
     </group>
   </macro>
   <!-- 4.10. URL or persistent identifier -->
@@ -3794,45 +4029,45 @@
             </if>
           </choose>
         </if>
-        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+        <else-if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
           <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
+            <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+              <!-- accessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses standard format -->
               <choose>
-                <if match="any" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
+                <if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
                   <group delimiter=" ">
                     <text macro="author-inline"/>
                     <text macro="date-short"/>
                   </group>
                 </if>
                 <else>
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
                   <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
                   <text macro="date-short"/>
                 </else>
               </choose>
             </if>
             <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text macro="author-inline"/>
-                <text macro="date-short"/>
-              </group>
+              <!-- inaccessible `interview` or `personal_communication` uses in-text format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
+              <text macro="author-inline"/>
+              <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
+              <choose>
+                <if position="first">
+                  <text macro="date-short"/>
+                  <text macro="source-medium-note"/>
+                </if>
+              </choose>
             </else>
           </choose>
         </else-if>
+        <else-if match="any" variable="event-date issued">
+          <group delimiter=" ">
+            <text macro="author-inline"/>
+            <text macro="date-short"/>
+          </group>
+        </else-if>
         <else>
-          <!--- Comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
+          <!--- comma with forthcoming or n.d. -->
           <text macro="author-inline"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if match="any" type="interview personal_communication">
-              <choose>
-                <if match="none" variable="archive archive-place container-title DOI number publisher references URL">
-                  <!-- unpublished `interview` or `personal_communication` use inline format (CMOS18 14.111) -->
-                  <text macro="title-and-descriptions-short"/>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
           <text macro="date-short"/>
         </else>
       </choose>
diff --git a/the-journal-of-modern-history.csl b/the-journal-of-modern-history.csl
deleted file mode 100644
index fc8604b73d..0000000000
--- a/the-journal-of-modern-history.csl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1303 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="note" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="display-and-sort" page-range-format="chicago" default-locale="en-US">
-  <info>
-    <title>The Journal of Modern History</title>
-    <title-short>JMH</title-short>
-    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/the-journal-of-modern-history</id>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/the-journal-of-modern-history" rel="self"/>
-    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/chicago-notes-bibliography" rel="template"/>
-    <link href="http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/jmh/instruct-articles" rel="documentation"/>
-    <author>
-      <name>Patrick O'Brien</name>
-    </author>
-    <category citation-format="note"/>
-    <category field="history"/>
-    <issn>0022-2801</issn>
-    <eissn>1537-5358</eissn>
-    <updated>2017-07-17T09:04:59+00:00</updated>
-    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
-  </info>
-  <locale xml:lang="en">
-    <terms>
-      <term name="editor" form="verb-short">ed.</term>
-      <term name="translator" form="verb-short">trans.</term>
-      <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
-      <term name="editortranslator" form="verb-short">ed. and trans.</term>
-      <term name="editortranslator" form="verb">Edited and translated by</term>
-      <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
-    </terms>
-  </locale>
-  <macro name="editor-translator">
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=" ">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="container-author reviewed-author" match="any">
-            <group>
-              <names variable="container-author reviewed-author">
-                <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-                <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-              </names>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </group>
-      <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
-        <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-        <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-      </names>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="secondary-contributors-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="none">
-        <text macro="editor-translator"/>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="container-contributors-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <text macro="editor-translator"/>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="secondary-contributors">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="none">
-        <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=". ">
-          <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
-          <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-        </names>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="container-contributors">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="author">
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="container-author" match="any">
-                  <names variable="container-author">
-                    <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-                    <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-                  </names>
-                </if>
-              </choose>
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="container-author author" match="all">
-                  <group delimiter=". ">
-                    <text variable="page"/>
-                    <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
-                      <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
-                      <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-                    </names>
-                  </group>
-                </if>
-                <else>
-                  <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
-                    <label form="verb" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-                    <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-                  </names>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="recipient-note">
-    <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
-      <label form="verb" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-      <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="contributors-note">
-    <group delimiter=" ">
-      <names variable="author">
-        <name and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", "/>
-        <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
-        <substitute>
-          <names variable="editor"/>
-          <names variable="translator"/>
-        </substitute>
-      </names>
-      <text macro="recipient-note"/>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="editor">
-    <names variable="editor">
-      <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
-      <label form="short" prefix=", "/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="translator">
-    <names variable="translator">
-      <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
-      <label form="verb-short" prefix=", "/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="recipient">
-    <group delimiter=" ">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="personal_communication">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="genre">
-              <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-      <text macro="recipient-note"/>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="contributors">
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <names variable="author">
-        <name name-as-sort-order="first" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
-        <substitute>
-          <text macro="editor"/>
-          <text macro="translator"/>
-        </substitute>
-      </names>
-      <text macro="recipient"/>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="recipient-short">
-    <names variable="recipient">
-      <label form="verb" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-      <name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="contributors-short">
-    <group delimiter=" ">
-      <names variable="author">
-        <name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-        <substitute>
-          <names variable="editor"/>
-          <names variable="translator"/>
-        </substitute>
-      </names>
-      <text macro="recipient-short"/>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="contributors-sort">
-    <names variable="author">
-      <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="text" sort-separator=", " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
-      <substitute>
-        <names variable="editor"/>
-        <names variable="translator"/>
-        <text macro="title"/>
-      </substitute>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="interviewer-note">
-    <names variable="interviewer" delimiter=", ">
-      <label form="verb" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-      <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="interviewer">
-    <names variable="interviewer" delimiter=", ">
-      <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
-      <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-    </names>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="title-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="title" match="none">
-        <text variable="genre"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="book graphic motion_picture song" match="any">
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
-        <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
-          <text term="version"/>
-          <text variable="version"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="legal_case interview patent" match="any">
-        <text variable="title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="reviewed-author">
-        <text variable="title" font-style="italic" prefix="review of "/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="title">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="title" match="none">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="personal_communication" match="none">
-            <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="book graphic motion_picture song" match="any">
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
-        <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
-          <text term="version"/>
-          <text variable="version"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="reviewed-author">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="title" font-style="italic" prefix="Review of "/>
-          <names variable="reviewed-author">
-            <label form="verb-short" text-case="lowercase" suffix=" "/>
-            <name and="text" delimiter=", "/>
-          </names>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="bill legislation legal_case interview patent" match="any">
-        <text variable="title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="title-short">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="title" match="none">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="interview">
-            <text term="interview"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if type="manuscript speech" match="any">
-            <text variable="genre" form="short"/>
-          </else-if>
-          <else-if type="personal_communication">
-            <text macro="issued"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="book graphic motion_picture song" match="any">
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title" form="short" font-style="italic"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="legal_case" variable="title-short" match="all">
-        <text variable="title" font-style="italic" form="short"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="patent interview" match="any">
-        <text variable="title" form="short"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="legal_case bill legislation" match="any">
-        <text variable="title"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text variable="title" text-case="title" form="short" quotes="true"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="date-disambiguate">
-    <choose>
-      <if disambiguate="true">
-        <text macro="issued"/>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="description-note">
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <text macro="interviewer-note"/>
-      <text variable="medium"/>
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="title" match="none"/>
-        <else-if type="manuscript thesis speech" match="any"/>
-        <else-if type="patent">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text variable="authority"/>
-            <text variable="number"/>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text variable="genre"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="description">
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=". ">
-        <text macro="interviewer"/>
-        <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-      </group>
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="title" match="none"/>
-        <else-if type="thesis speech" match="any"/>
-        <else-if type="patent">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text variable="authority"/>
-            <text variable="number"/>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="container-title-note">
-    <group delimiter=" ">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-          <text term="in"/>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-      <choose>
-        <if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="none">
-          <text variable="container-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="container-title">
-    <group delimiter=" ">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-          <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-      <choose>
-        <if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="none">
-          <text variable="container-title" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="collection-title">
-    <choose>
-      <if match="none" type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" is-numeric="collection-number">
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
-              <text variable="collection-number"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <group delimiter=" ">
-              <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
-              <text variable="collection-number"/>
-            </group>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="collection-title-journal">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="collection-title"/>
-          <text variable="collection-number"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="edition-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="book chapter graphic motion_picture paper-conference report song" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if is-numeric="edition">
-            <group delimiter=" ">
-              <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
-              <text term="edition" form="short"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text variable="edition"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="edition">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="book chapter graphic motion_picture paper-conference report song" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if is-numeric="edition">
-            <group delimiter=" ">
-              <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
-              <text term="edition" form="short"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text variable="edition" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix="."/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-note-join-with-space">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal" variable="volume" match="all">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="collection-title">
-            <text macro="locators-note"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-note-join-with-comma">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal" match="none">
-        <text macro="locators-note"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume" match="none">
-            <text macro="locators-note"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if match="any" variable="collection-title">
-            <text macro="locators-note"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text macro="collection-title-journal"/>
-          <number variable="volume"/>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text term="issue" form="short"/>
-            <number variable="issue"/>
-          </group>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="any">
-        <text macro="legal-cites"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="book chapter graphic motion_picture paper-conference report song" match="any">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text macro="edition-note"/>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text term="volume" form="short"/>
-            <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
-          </group>
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="locator" match="none">
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
-                <text term="volume" form="short" plural="true"/>
-              </group>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="legal-cites">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="legal_case" match="any">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="container-title">
-              <text variable="volume"/>
-              <text variable="container-title"/>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
-                <text variable="section"/>
-              </group>
-              <text variable="page"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <text variable="number" prefix="No. "/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="bill legislation" match="any">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="number">
-              <text variable="number" prefix="Pub. L. No. "/>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
-                <text variable="section"/>
-              </group>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text variable="volume"/>
-                <text variable="container-title"/>
-                <text variable="page-first"/>
-              </group>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text variable="volume"/>
-                <text variable="container-title"/>
-                <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
-                <text variable="section"/>
-              </group>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-join-with-space">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal" variable="volume" match="all">
-        <choose>
-          <if match="none" variable="collection-title">
-            <text macro="locators"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-join-with-comma">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="bill chapter legislation legal_case paper-conference" match="any">
-        <text macro="locators"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume" match="none">
-            <text macro="locators"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if match="any" variable="collection-title">
-            <text macro="locators"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-join-with-period">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="bill legislation legal_case article-journal chapter paper-conference" match="none">
-        <text macro="locators"/>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text macro="collection-title-journal"/>
-          <number variable="volume"/>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text term="issue" form="short"/>
-            <number variable="issue"/>
-          </group>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="any">
-        <text macro="legal-cites"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="book graphic motion_picture report song" match="any">
-        <group delimiter=". ">
-          <text macro="edition"/>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
-            <text term="volume" form="short" plural="true"/>
-          </group>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <group delimiter=". ">
-          <text macro="edition"/>
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="page" match="none">
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-                <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
-              </group>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-newspaper">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-newspaper">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <number variable="edition"/>
-            <text term="edition"/>
-          </group>
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text term="section" form="short"/>
-            <text variable="section"/>
-          </group>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="event-note">
-    <text variable="event"/>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="event">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="title">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text term="presented at"/>
-          <text variable="event"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text term="presented at" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          <text variable="event"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="originally-published">
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <group delimiter=": ">
-        <text variable="original-publisher-place"/>
-        <text variable="original-publisher"/>
-      </group>
-      <date variable="original-date" form="text" date-parts="year"/>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="reprint-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="original-date issued" match="all">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="original-publisher original-publisher-place" match="none">
-            <text value="repr."/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="reprint">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="original-date issued" match="all">
-        <text value="reprint" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="publisher">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="thesis">
-        <text variable="publisher"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="speech">
-        <text variable="event-place"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text variable="publisher-place"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issued">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="issued">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="graphic report" match="any">
-            <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
-          </if>
-          <else-if type="legal_case">
-            <group delimiter=" ">
-              <text variable="authority"/>
-              <choose>
-                <if variable="container-title" match="any">
-                  <date variable="issued" form="numeric" date-parts="year"/>
-                </if>
-                <else>
-                  <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-            </group>
-          </else-if>
-          <else-if type="book bill chapter graphic legislation motion_picture paper-conference report song thesis" match="any">
-            <date variable="issued">
-              <date-part name="year"/>
-            </date>
-          </else-if>
-          <else-if type="patent">
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <text value="filed"/>
-                <date variable="submitted" form="text"/>
-              </group>
-              <group delimiter=" ">
-                <choose>
-                  <if variable="issued submitted" match="all">
-                    <text term="and"/>
-                  </if>
-                </choose>
-                <text value="issued"/>
-                <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
-              </group>
-            </group>
-          </else-if>
-          <else>
-            <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="status">
-        <text variable="status"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="accessed URL" match="all"/>
-      <else>
-        <text term="no date" form="short"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="point-locators-subsequent">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="legal_case" variable="locator" match="all">
-        <choose>
-          <if locator="page">
-            <group delimiter=":">
-              <number variable="volume"/>
-              <text variable="locator"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <group delimiter=" ">
-              <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
-              <text variable="locator"/>
-            </group>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="locator">
-        <choose>
-          <if locator="page" match="none">
-            <group delimiter=" ">
-              <choose>
-                <if type="book graphic motion_picture report song" match="any">
-                  <choose>
-                    <if variable="volume">
-                      <group delimiter=", ">
-                        <group delimiter=" ">
-                          <text term="volume" form="short"/>
-                          <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
-                        </group>
-                        <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
-                      </group>
-                    </if>
-                    <else>
-                      <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
-                    </else>
-                  </choose>
-                </if>
-                <else>
-                  <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
-                </else>
-              </choose>
-              <text variable="locator"/>
-            </group>
-          </if>
-          <else-if type="book graphic motion_picture report song" match="any">
-            <group delimiter=":">
-              <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
-              <text variable="locator"/>
-            </group>
-          </else-if>
-          <else>
-            <text variable="locator"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="point-locators-join-with-colon">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="locator page" match="any">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="volume issue" match="any">
-                <text macro="point-locators"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="point-locators-join-with-comma">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal" match="none">
-        <text macro="point-locators"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if variable="volume issue" match="none">
-        <text macro="point-locators"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="point-locators">
-    <choose>
-      <if variable="locator" match="none">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="article-journal chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-            <text variable="page"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="article-journal">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <choose>
-            <if locator="page" match="none">
-              <label variable="locator" form="short" suffix=" "/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-          <text variable="locator"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="legal_case"/>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <choose>
-            <if locator="page" match="none">
-              <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-          <text variable="locator"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-chapter">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="author container-author" match="all"/>
-          <else>
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="page">
-                <number variable="volume" suffix=":"/>
-                <text variable="page"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-journal-join-with-colon">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume issue" match="any">
-            <text variable="page"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="locators-journal-join-with-comma">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume issue" match="none">
-            <text variable="page"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="archive-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="thesis">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <text variable="archive_location"/>
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive-place"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="archive">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="thesis">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-      <else>
-        <group delimiter=". ">
-          <text variable="archive_location" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-          <text variable="archive"/>
-          <text variable="archive-place"/>
-        </group>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issue-note-join-with-space">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal bill legislation legal_case manuscript thesis" variable="publisher-place publisher" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="article-newspaper" match="none">
-            <choose>
-              <if type="article-journal" match="none">
-                <text macro="issue-note"/>
-              </if>
-              <else-if variable="issue volume" match="any">
-                <text macro="issue-note"/>
-              </else-if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issue-note-join-with-comma">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal bill legislation legal_case manuscript thesis" variable="publisher-place publisher" match="none">
-        <text macro="issue-note"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="article-newspaper">
-        <text macro="issue-note"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume issue" match="none">
-            <text macro="issue-note"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issue-note">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="any">
-        <text macro="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="volume issue" match="any">
-            <text macro="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text macro="issued"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="article-newspaper">
-        <text macro="issued"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="publisher-place event-place publisher genre" match="any">
-        <group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=", ">
-          <choose>
-            <if variable="title" match="none"/>
-            <else-if type="manuscript thesis speech" match="any">
-              <text variable="genre"/>
-            </else-if>
-          </choose>
-          <text macro="event-note"/>
-          <group delimiter="; ">
-            <text macro="originally-published"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="reprint-note"/>
-              <text macro="publisher"/>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-          <text macro="issued"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="issued"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issue-join-with-space">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal" match="any">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="issue volume" match="any">
-            <text macro="issue"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="any">
-        <text macro="issue"/>
-      </else-if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issue-join-with-period">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="article-journal bill legislation legal_case" match="none">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="speech" variable="publisher publisher-place" match="any">
-            <text macro="issue"/>
-          </if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issue-join-with-comma">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="none">
-        <choose>
-          <if type="article-journal" match="none">
-            <choose>
-              <if type="speech" variable="publisher publisher-place" match="none">
-                <text macro="issue"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </if>
-          <else-if variable="volume issue" match="none">
-            <text macro="issue"/>
-          </else-if>
-        </choose>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="issue">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="bill legislation legal_case" match="any">
-        <text macro="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-      </if>
-      <else-if type="article-journal">
-        <choose>
-          <if variable="issue volume" match="any">
-            <text macro="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
-          </if>
-          <else>
-            <text macro="issued"/>
-          </else>
-        </choose>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="speech">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <choose>
-              <if variable="title" match="none"/>
-              <else>
-                <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-              </else>
-            </choose>
-            <text macro="event"/>
-          </group>
-          <text variable="event-place"/>
-          <text macro="issued"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if type="article-newspaper">
-        <text macro="issued"/>
-      </else-if>
-      <else-if variable="publisher-place publisher" match="any">
-        <group delimiter=", ">
-          <choose>
-            <if type="thesis">
-              <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            </if>
-          </choose>
-          <group delimiter=". ">
-            <text macro="originally-published"/>
-            <group delimiter=", ">
-              <text macro="reprint"/>
-              <text macro="publisher"/>
-            </group>
-          </group>
-          <text macro="issued"/>
-        </group>
-      </else-if>
-      <else>
-        <text macro="issued"/>
-      </else>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="access-note">
-    <group delimiter=", ">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="graphic report" match="any">
-          <text macro="archive-note"/>
-        </if>
-        <else-if type="article-journal bill book chapter legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference" match="none">
-          <text macro="archive-note"/>
-        </else-if>
-      </choose>
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="issued" match="none">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text term="accessed"/>
-            <date variable="accessed" form="text"/>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="access">
-    <group delimiter=". ">
-      <choose>
-        <if type="graphic report" match="any">
-          <text macro="archive"/>
-        </if>
-        <else-if type="article-journal bill book chapter legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference" match="none">
-          <text macro="archive"/>
-        </else-if>
-      </choose>
-      <choose>
-        <if variable="issued" match="none">
-          <group delimiter=" ">
-            <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
-            <date variable="accessed" form="text"/>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-      </choose>
-    </group>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="case-locator-subsequent">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="legal_case">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <text variable="volume"/>
-          <text variable="container-title"/>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <macro name="case-pinpoint-subsequent">
-    <choose>
-      <if type="legal_case">
-        <group delimiter=" ">
-          <choose>
-            <if locator="page">
-              <text term="at"/>
-              <text variable="locator"/>
-            </if>
-            <else>
-              <label variable="locator"/>
-              <text variable="locator"/>
-            </else>
-          </choose>
-        </group>
-      </if>
-    </choose>
-  </macro>
-  <citation et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-names="true">
-    <layout suffix="." delimiter="; ">
-      <choose>
-        <if position="ibid-with-locator">
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <text term="ibid"/>
-            <text macro="point-locators-subsequent"/>
-          </group>
-        </if>
-        <else-if position="ibid">
-          <text term="ibid"/>
-        </else-if>
-        <else-if position="subsequent">
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <text macro="contributors-short"/>
-            <group delimiter=" ">
-              <group delimiter=", ">
-                <text macro="title-short"/>
-                <text macro="date-disambiguate"/>
-                <text macro="case-locator-subsequent"/>
-              </group>
-              <text macro="case-pinpoint-subsequent"/>
-            </group>
-            <choose>
-              <if match="none" type="legal_case">
-                <text macro="point-locators-subsequent"/>
-              </if>
-            </choose>
-          </group>
-        </else-if>
-        <else>
-          <group delimiter=", ">
-            <group delimiter=": ">
-              <group delimiter=", ">
-                <group delimiter=" ">
-                  <group delimiter=", ">
-                    <group delimiter=" ">
-                      <group delimiter=", ">
-                        <group delimiter=", ">
-                          <text macro="contributors-note"/>
-                          <text macro="title-note"/>
-                        </group>
-                        <text macro="description-note"/>
-                        <text macro="secondary-contributors-note"/>
-                        <text macro="container-title-note"/>
-                        <text macro="container-contributors-note"/>
-                      </group>
-                      <text macro="locators-note-join-with-space"/>
-                    </group>
-                    <text macro="locators-note-join-with-comma"/>
-                    <text macro="collection-title"/>
-                    <text macro="issue-note-join-with-comma"/>
-                  </group>
-                  <text macro="issue-note-join-with-space"/>
-                </group>
-                <text macro="locators-newspaper"/>
-                <text macro="point-locators-join-with-comma"/>
-              </group>
-              <text macro="point-locators-join-with-colon"/>
-            </group>
-            <text macro="access-note"/>
-          </group>
-        </else>
-      </choose>
-    </layout>
-  </citation>
-  <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="11" et-al-use-first="7" subsequent-author-substitute="&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;" entry-spacing="0">
-    <sort>
-      <key macro="contributors-sort"/>
-      <key variable="title"/>
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diff --git a/twentieth-century-music.csl b/twentieth-century-music.csl
deleted file mode 100644
index 2565ea626d..0000000000
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deleted file mode 100644
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