diff --git a/src/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions/Utilities/AIJsonUtilities.Schema.Create.cs b/src/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions/Utilities/AIJsonUtilities.Schema.Create.cs
index 667b3c4d080..df7d6bb4039 100644
--- a/src/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions/Utilities/AIJsonUtilities.Schema.Create.cs
+++ b/src/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions/Utilities/AIJsonUtilities.Schema.Create.cs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public static JsonElement CreateJsonSchema(
     /// <summary>Validates the provided JSON schema document.</summary>
     internal static void ValidateSchemaDocument(JsonElement document, [CallerArgumentExpression("document")] string? paramName = null)
     {
-        if (document.ValueKind is not JsonValueKind.Object or JsonValueKind.False or JsonValueKind.True)
+        if (document.ValueKind is not (JsonValueKind.Object or JsonValueKind.False or JsonValueKind.True))
         {
             Throw.ArgumentException(paramName ?? "schema", "The schema document must be an object or a boolean value.");
         }
diff --git a/test/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions.Tests/Utilities/AIJsonUtilitiesTests.cs b/test/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions.Tests/Utilities/AIJsonUtilitiesTests.cs
index 8ebc20b957e..dcd6836b5da 100644
--- a/test/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions.Tests/Utilities/AIJsonUtilitiesTests.cs
+++ b/test/Libraries/Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions.Tests/Utilities/AIJsonUtilitiesTests.cs
@@ -1416,6 +1416,34 @@ public static void TransformJsonSchema_InvalidInput_ThrowsArgumentException(stri
         Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>("schema", () => AIJsonUtilities.TransformSchema(schema, transformOptions));
     }
 
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("true")]
+    [InlineData("false")]
+    public static void TransformJsonSchema_BooleanSchemas_Success(string booleanSchema)
+    {
+        // Boolean schemas (true/false) are valid JSON schemas per the spec.
+        // This test verifies they are accepted by TransformSchema.
+        JsonElement schema = JsonDocument.Parse(booleanSchema).RootElement;
+        AIJsonSchemaTransformOptions transformOptions = new() { ConvertBooleanSchemas = true };
+
+        // Should not throw - boolean schemas are valid
+        JsonElement result = AIJsonUtilities.TransformSchema(schema, transformOptions);
+
+        // Verify the transformation happened correctly
+        if (booleanSchema == "true")
+        {
+            // 'true' schema should be converted to empty object
+            Assert.Equal(JsonValueKind.Object, result.ValueKind);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // 'false' schema should be converted to {"not": true}
+            Assert.Equal(JsonValueKind.Object, result.ValueKind);
+            Assert.True(result.TryGetProperty("not", out JsonElement notValue));
+            Assert.Equal(JsonValueKind.True, notValue.ValueKind);
+        }
+    }
+
     private class DerivedAIContent : AIContent
     {
         public int DerivedValue { get; set; }