diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.csproj b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.csproj
index 6a397247f0fed9..2f4ff90b361306 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.csproj
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.csproj
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>$(NetCoreAppCurrent)-windows;$(NetCoreAppCurrent);$(NetCoreAppPrevious)-windows;$(NetCoreAppPrevious);$(NetCoreAppMinimum)-windows;$(NetCoreAppMinimum);netstandard2.0;$(NetFrameworkMinimum)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(NetCoreAppCurrent);$(NetCoreAppPrevious);$(NetCoreAppMinimum);netstandard2.0;$(NetFrameworkMinimum)</TargetFrameworks>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
     <IsPackable>true</IsPackable>
     <AddXamarinPlaceholderFilesToPackage>true</AddXamarinPlaceholderFilesToPackage>
@@ -13,13 +13,11 @@ System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData</PackageDescription>
 
   <!-- DesignTimeBuild requires all the TargetFramework Derived Properties to not be present in the first property group. -->
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetPlatformIdentifier>$([MSBuild]::GetTargetPlatformIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)'))</TargetPlatformIdentifier>
     <IsPartialFacadeAssembly Condition="$([MSBuild]::GetTargetFrameworkIdentifier('$(TargetFramework)')) == '.NETFramework'">true</IsPartialFacadeAssembly>
     <OmitResources Condition="'$(IsPartialFacadeAssembly)' == 'true'">true</OmitResources>
-    <GeneratePlatformNotSupportedAssemblyMessage Condition="'$(IsPartialFacadeAssembly)' != 'true' and '$(TargetPlatformIdentifier)' != 'windows'">SR.PlatformNotSupported_CryptographyProtectedData</GeneratePlatformNotSupportedAssemblyMessage>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetPlatformIdentifier)' == 'windows'">
+  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(IsPartialFacadeAssembly)' != 'true'">
     <Compile Include="System\Security\Cryptography\DataProtectionScope.cs" />
     <Compile Include="System\Security\Cryptography\ProtectedData.cs" />
     <Compile Include="$(CommonPath)Interop\Windows\Crypt32\Interop.CryptProtectData.cs"
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData</PackageDescription>
              Link="Common\System\Security\Cryptography\CryptoThrowHelper.Windows.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::IsTargetFrameworkCompatible('$(TargetFramework)', 'net7.0-windows'))">
+  <ItemGroup Condition="$([MSBuild]::IsTargetFrameworkCompatible('$(TargetFramework)', 'net7.0'))">
     <Compile Include="$(CommonPath)DisableRuntimeMarshalling.cs"
              Link="Common\DisableRuntimeMarshalling.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
@@ -50,4 +48,8 @@ System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData</PackageDescription>
   <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFrameworkIdentifier)' == '.NETFramework'">
     <Reference Include="System.Security" />
   </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFrameworkIdentifier)' == '.NETStandard'">
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Memory" Version="$(SystemMemoryVersion)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System/Security/Cryptography/ProtectedData.cs b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System/Security/Cryptography/ProtectedData.cs
index 5ed0e5d4128453..b17f544a5f861e 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System/Security/Cryptography/ProtectedData.cs
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/src/System/Security/Cryptography/ProtectedData.cs
@@ -16,14 +16,20 @@ public static partial class ProtectedData
 
         public static byte[] Protect(byte[] userData, byte[]? optionalEntropy, DataProtectionScope scope)
         {
-            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(userData);
+            CheckPlatformSupport();
+
+            if (userData is null)
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userData));
 
             return ProtectOrUnprotect(userData, optionalEntropy, scope, protect: true);
         }
 
         public static byte[] Unprotect(byte[] encryptedData, byte[]? optionalEntropy, DataProtectionScope scope)
         {
-            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(encryptedData);
+            CheckPlatformSupport();
+
+            if (encryptedData is null)
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(encryptedData));
 
             return ProtectOrUnprotect(encryptedData, optionalEntropy, scope, protect: false);
         }
@@ -61,7 +67,11 @@ private static byte[] ProtectOrUnprotect(byte[] inputData, byte[]? optionalEntro
                             Interop.Crypt32.CryptUnprotectData(in userDataBlob, IntPtr.Zero, ref optionalEntropyBlob, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, flags, out outputBlob);
                         if (!success)
                         {
+#if NET
                             int lastWin32Error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
+#else
+                            int lastWin32Error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
+#endif
                             if (protect && ErrorMayBeCausedByUnloadedProfile(lastWin32Error))
                                 throw new CryptographicException(SR.Cryptography_DpApi_ProfileMayNotBeLoaded);
                             else
@@ -102,5 +112,13 @@ private static bool ErrorMayBeCausedByUnloadedProfile(int errorCode)
             return errorCode == HResults.E_FILENOTFOUND ||
                    errorCode == Interop.Errors.ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
         }
+
+        private static void CheckPlatformSupport()
+        {
+            if (!RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+            {
+                throw new PlatformNotSupportedException();
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/tests/ProtectedDataUnsupportedTests.cs b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/tests/ProtectedDataUnsupportedTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..641a6df2d38c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/tests/ProtectedDataUnsupportedTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedDataTests
+{
+    [PlatformSpecific(~TestPlatforms.Windows)]
+    public static class ProtectedUnsupportedDataTests
+    {
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(DataProtectionScope.LocalMachine)]
+        [InlineData(DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser)]
+        public static void Protect_PlatformNotSupported(DataProtectionScope scope)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => ProtectedData.Protect(null, null, scope));
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(DataProtectionScope.LocalMachine)]
+        [InlineData(DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser)]
+        public static void Unprotect_PlatformNotSupported(DataProtectionScope scope)
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<PlatformNotSupportedException>(() => ProtectedData.Unprotect(null, null, scope));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.Tests.csproj b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.Tests.csproj
index 61408ea83bcdb9..da449bd55a8456 100644
--- a/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.Tests.csproj
+++ b/src/libraries/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData.Tests.csproj
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   <PropertyGroup>
     <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
-    <TargetFrameworks>$(NetCoreAppCurrent)-windows;$(NetFrameworkMinimum)</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>$(NetCoreAppCurrent);$(NetFrameworkMinimum)</TargetFrameworks>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Compile Include="ProtectedDataTests.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="ProtectedDataUnsupportedTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="$(CommonTestPath)System\Security\Cryptography\ByteUtils.cs"
              Link="CommonTest\System\Security\Cryptography\ByteUtils.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>