diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 29fcdeef..6d400acd 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
 
 group :development, :test do
   gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.6.0'
+  gem "factory_bot_rails", "~> 4.10.0"
   gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
   gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13.0'
   gem 'selenium-webdriver'
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 45f1595d..af8982c5 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ GEM
     diff-lcs (1.3)
     erubi (1.7.1)
     execjs (2.7.0)
+    factory_bot (4.10.0)
+      activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
+    factory_bot_rails (4.10.0)
+      factory_bot (~> 4.10.0)
+      railties (>= 3.0.0)
     faker (1.7.3)
       i18n (~> 0.5)
     ffi (1.9.18)
@@ -235,6 +240,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   capybara (~> 2.13.0)
   coffee-rails (~> 4.2)
   devise
+  factory_bot_rails (~> 4.10.0)
   faker
   geocoder
   jbuilder (~> 2.5)
@@ -256,4 +262,4 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   web-console (>= 3.3.0)
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-   1.14.6
+   1.16.4
diff --git a/config/application.rb b/config/application.rb
index 6ea74494..12c65af0 100644
--- a/config/application.rb
+++ b/config/application.rb
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ class Application < Rails::Application
 
     config.generators do |g|
       g.test_framework :rspec,
-        fixtures: false,
         view_specs: false,
         helper_specs: false,
-        routing_specs: false
+        routing_specs: false,
+        request_specs: false
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/notes.rb b/spec/factories/notes.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4cd81a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/notes.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :note do
+    message "My important note."
+    association :project
+    # association :user
+    user { project.owner }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/projects.rb b/spec/factories/projects.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9930114c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/projects.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :project do
+    sequence(:name) { |n| "Project #{n}" }
+    description "A test project."
+    due_on 1.week.from_now
+    association :owner    
+
+     # メモ付きのプロジェクト
+    trait :with_notes do
+      after(:create) { |project| create_list(:note, 5, project: project) }
+    end
+
+    # 締め切りが昨日
+    trait :due_yesterday do
+      due_on 1.day.ago
+    end
+
+    # 締め切りが今日
+    trait :due_today do
+      due_on Date.current.in_time_zone
+    end
+
+    # 締め切りが明日
+    trait :due_tomorrow do
+      due_on 1.day.from_now
+    end
+
+=begin
+     # 昨日が締め切りのプロジェクト
+    factory :project_due_yesterday do
+      due_on 1.day.ago
+    end
+
+    # 今日が締め切りのプロジェクト
+    factory :project_due_today do
+      due_on Date.current.in_time_zone
+    end
+
+    # 明日が締め切りのプロジェクト
+    factory :project_due_tomorrow do
+      due_on 1.day.from_now
+    end
+=end
+
+  end
+
+=begin
+  # 昨日が締め切りのプロジェクト
+  factory :project_due_yesterday, class: Project do
+    sequence(:name) { |n| "Test Project #{n}" }
+    description "Sample project for testing purposes"
+    due_on 1.day.ago
+    association :owner
+  end
+
+  # 今日が締め切りのプロジェクト
+  factory :project_due_today, class: Project do
+    sequence(:name) { |n| "Test Project #{n}" }
+    description "Sample project for testing purposes"
+    due_on Date.current.in_time_zone
+    association :owner
+  end
+
+  # 明日が締め切りのプロジェクト
+  factory :project_due_tomorrow, class: Project do
+    sequence(:name) { |n| "Test Project #{n}" }
+    description "Sample project for testing purposes"
+    due_on 1.day.from_now
+    association :owner
+  end
+=end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/users.rb b/spec/factories/users.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2a94ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/users.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :user, aliases: [:owner] do
+    first_name "Aaron"
+    last_name "Sumner"
+    sequence(:email) { |n| "tester#{n}@example.com" }
+    password "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze"
+  end
+end
+
+=begin
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :user do
+    first_name "Aaron"
+    last_name  "Sumner"
+    email "tester@example.com"
+    password "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze"
+  end
+end
+=end
diff --git a/spec/models/note_spec.rb b/spec/models/note_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..911c0002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/note_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Note, type: :model do
+
+  # ファクトリで関連するデータを生成する
+  it "generates associated data from a factory" do
+    note = FactoryBot.create(:note)
+    puts "This note's project is #{note.project.inspect}"
+    puts "This note's user is #{note.user.inspect}"
+  end
+
+
+  before do
+    # このファイルの全テストで使用するテストデータをセットアップする
+    @user = User.create(
+      first_name: "Joe",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "joetester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+    @project = @user.projects.create(
+      name: "Test Project",
+    )
+  end
+
+  # バリデーションのテストが並ぶ
+
+  # ユーザ、プロジェクト、メッセージがあれば有効な状態であること
+  it "is valid with a user, project, and message" do
+    note = Note.new(
+      message: "This is a sample note.",
+      user: @user,
+      project: @project,
+    )
+
+    expect(note).to be_valid
+  end
+
+  # メッセージがなければ無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid without a message" do
+    note = Note.new(message: nil)
+    note.valid?
+    expect(note.errors[:message]).to include("can't be blank")
+  end
+
+  # 文字列に一致するメッセージを検索する
+  describe "search message for a term" do
+
+    before do
+      # 検索機能の全テストに関連する追加のテストデータをセットアップする
+      @note1 = @project.notes.create(
+        message: "This is the first note.",
+        user: @user,
+      )
+
+      @note2 = @project.notes.create(
+        message: "This is the second note.",
+        user: @user,
+      )
+
+      @note3 = @project.notes.create(
+        message: "First, preheat the oven.",
+        user: @user,
+      )
+    end
+
+    # 一致するデータが見つかるとき
+    context "when a match is found" do
+      # 検索文字列に一致するメモを返すこと
+      it "returns notes that match the search term" do
+        expect(Note.search("first")).to include(@note1, @note3)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # 一致するデータが1件も見つからないとき
+    context "when no match is found" do
+      # 空のコレクションを返すこと
+      it "returns an empty collection" do
+        expect(Note.search("message")).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+=begin
+  # 検索文字列に一致するメモを返すこと
+  it "returns notes that match the search term" do
+    user = User.create(
+      first_name: "Joe",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "joetester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+
+    project = user.projects.create(
+      name: "Test Project",
+    )
+
+    note1 = project.notes.create(
+      message: "This is the first note.",
+      user: user,
+    )
+
+    note2 = project.notes.create(
+      message: "This is the second note.",
+      user: user,
+    )
+
+    note3 = project.notes.create(
+      message: "First, preheat the oven.",
+      user: user,
+    )
+
+    expect(Note.search("first")).to include(note1, note3)
+    expect(Note.search("first")).to_not include(note2)
+  end
+
+  # 検索結果を検証するスペック...
+
+  # 検索結果が1件も見つからなければ空のコレクションを返すこと
+  it "returns an empty collection when no results are found" do
+    user = User.create(
+      first_name: "Joe",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "joetester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+
+    project = user.projects.create(
+      name: "Test Project",
+    )
+
+    note1 = project.notes.create(
+      message: "This is the first note.",
+      user: user,
+    )
+
+    note2 = project.notes.create(
+      message: "This is the second note.",
+      user: user,
+    )
+
+    note3 = project.notes.create(
+      message: "First, preheat the oven.",
+      user: user,
+    )
+
+    expect(Note.search("message")).to be_empty
+  end
+=end
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/project_spec.rb b/spec/models/project_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..67b4b8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/project_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+# 遅延ステータス
+describe "late status" do
+
+  # たくさんのメモが付いていること
+  it "can have many notes" do
+    # project = FactoryBot.create(:project)
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :with_notes)
+    expect(project.notes.length).to eq 5
+  end
+
+  # 締切日が過ぎていれば遅延していること
+  it "is late when the due date is past today" do
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :due_yesterday)
+    expect(project).to be_late
+  end
+
+  # 締切日が今日ならスケジュールどおりであること
+  it "is on time when the due date is today" do
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :due_today)
+    expect(project).to_not be_late
+  end
+
+  # 締切日が未来ならスケジュールどおりであること
+  it "is on time when the due date is in the future" do
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project, :due_tomorrow)
+    expect(project).to_not be_late
+  end
+
+=begin
+  # 締切日が過ぎていれば遅延していること
+  it "is late when the due date is past today" do
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project_due_yesterday)
+    expect(project).to be_late
+  end
+
+  # 締切日が今日ならスケジュールどおりであること
+  it "is on time when the due date is today" do
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project_due_today)
+    expect(project).to_not be_late
+  end
+
+  # 締切日が未来ならスケジュールどおりであること
+  it "is on time when the due date is in the future" do
+    project = FactoryBot.create(:project_due_tomorrow)
+    expect(project).to_not be_late
+  end
+=end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe Project, type: :model do
+  # ユーザー単位では重複したプロジェクト名を許可しないこと
+  it "does not allow duplicate project names per user" do
+    user = User.create(
+      first_name: "Joe",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "joetester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+
+    user.projects.create(
+      name: "Test Project",
+    )
+
+    new_project = user.projects.build(
+      name: "Test Project",
+    )
+
+    new_project.valid?
+    expect(new_project.errors[:name]).to include("has already been taken")
+  end
+
+  # 二人のユーザーが同じ名前を使うことは許可すること
+  it "allows two users to share a project name" do
+    user = User.create(
+      first_name: "Joe",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "joetester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+
+    user.projects.create(
+      name: "Test Project",
+    )
+
+    other_user = User.create(
+      first_name: "Jane",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "janetester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+
+    other_project = other_user.projects.build(
+      name: "Test Project",
+    )
+
+    expect(other_project).to be_valid
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/user_spec.rb b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee3222a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe User, type: :model do
+  # 有効なファクトリを持つこと
+  it "has a valid factory" do
+    expect(FactoryBot.build(:user)).to be_valid
+  end
+
+  # 名がなければ無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid without a first name" do
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, first_name: nil)
+    user.valid?
+    expect(user.errors[:first_name]).to include("can't be blank")
+  end
+
+  # 姓がなければ無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid without a last name" do
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, last_name: nil)
+    user.valid?
+    expect(user.errors[:last_name]).to include("can't be blank")
+  end
+
+  # メールアドレスがなければ無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid without an email address" do
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, email: nil)
+    user.valid?
+    expect(user.errors[:email]).to include("can't be blank")
+  end
+
+  # ユーザーのフルネームを文字列として返すこと
+  it "returns a user's full name as a string" do
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, first_name: "John", last_name: "Doe")
+    expect(user.name).to eq "John Doe"
+  end
+
+  # 重複したメールアドレスなら無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid with a duplicate email address" do
+    FactoryBot.create(:user, email: "aaron@example.com")
+    user = FactoryBot.build(:user, email: "aaron@example.com")
+    user.valid?
+    expect(user.errors[:email]).to include("has already been taken")
+  end
+
+  # 複数のユーザーで何かする
+  it "does something with multiple users" do
+    user1 = FactoryBot.create(:user)
+    user2 = FactoryBot.create(:user)
+    expect(true).to be_truthy
+  end
+
+
+  # 姓、名、メール、パスワードがあれば有効な状態であること
+  it "is valid with a first name, last name, email, and password" do
+    user = User.new(
+      first_name: "Aaron",
+      last_name: "Summer",
+      email: "tester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-tights-furze",
+    )
+    expect(user).to be_valid
+  end
+
+  # 名がなければ無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid without a first name" do
+    user = User.new(first_name: nil)
+    user.valid?
+    expect(user.errors[:first_name]).to include("can't be blank")
+    # expect(user.errors[:first_name]).to_not include("can't be blank")
+  end
+
+  # 姓がなければ無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid without a last name" do
+    user = User.new(last_name: nil)
+    user.valid?
+    expect(user.errors[:last_name]).to include("can't be blank")
+  end
+
+  # メールアドレスがなければ無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid without an email address"
+
+  # 重複したメールアドレスなら無効な状態であること
+  it "is invalid with a duplicate email address" do
+    User.create(
+      first_name: "Joe",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "tester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+    user = User.new(
+      first_name: "Jane",
+      last_name: "Tester",
+      email: "tester@example.com",
+      password: "dottle-nouveau-pavilion-tights-furze",
+    )
+    user.valid?
+    expect(user.errors[:email]).to include("has already been taken")
+  end
+
+  # ユーザーのフルネームを文字列として返すこと
+  it "returns a user's full name as a string" do
+    user = User.new(
+      first_name: "John",
+      last_name: "Doe",
+      email: "johndoe@example.com",
+    )
+    expect(user.name).to eq "John Doe"
+  end
+end
+