diff --git a/.github/CODEOWNERS b/.github/CODEOWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e89cb3511502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/src/Illuminate/Collections/ @JosephSilber
+/tests/Support/SupportCollectionTest/ @JosephSilber
+/tests/Support/SupportLazyCollectionTest/ @JosephSilber
+/tests/Support/SupportLazyCollectionIsLazyTest/ @JosephSilber
diff --git a/.github/SECURITY.md b/.github/SECURITY.md
index 444b8e623703..1ce441d0affb 100644
--- a/.github/SECURITY.md
+++ b/.github/SECURITY.md
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 Version | Security Fixes Until
 --- | ---
+8 | September 8th, 2021
+7 | March 3rd, 2021
 6 (LTS) | September 3rd, 2022
 5.8	| February 26th, 2020
 5.7	| September 4th, 2019
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 42fe7239751e..ddaaa3fc63b2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   linux_tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
 
     services:
+      memcached:
+        image: memcached:1.6-alpine
+        ports:
+          - 11211:11211
       mysql:
         image: mysql:5.7
         env:
@@ -27,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        php: [7.3, 7.4, 8.0]
+        php: ['7.3', '7.4', '8.0']
         stability: [prefer-lowest, prefer-stable]
 
     name: PHP ${{ matrix.php }} - ${{ matrix.stability }}
@@ -40,16 +44,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
           php-version: ${{ matrix.php }}
-          extensions: dom, curl, libxml, mbstring, zip, pcntl, pdo, sqlite, pdo_sqlite, gd
+          extensions: dom, curl, libxml, mbstring, zip, pcntl, pdo, sqlite, pdo_sqlite, gd, redis, memcached
           tools: composer:v2
           coverage: none
 
-      - name: Setup Memcached
-        uses: niden/actions-memcached@v7
-
-      - name: Setup problem matchers
-        run: echo "::add-matcher::${{ runner.tool_cache }}/phpunit.json"
-
       - name: Set Minimum Guzzle Version
         uses: nick-invision/retry@v1
         with:
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        php: [7.3, 7.4, 8.0]
+        php: ['7.3', '7.4', '8.0']
         stability: [prefer-lowest, prefer-stable]
 
     name: PHP ${{ matrix.php }} - ${{ matrix.stability }} - Windows
@@ -95,13 +93,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
         with:
           php-version: ${{ matrix.php }}
-          extensions: dom, curl, libxml, mbstring, zip, pdo, sqlite, pdo_sqlite, gd, pdo_mysql, fileinfo, ftp
+          extensions: dom, curl, libxml, mbstring, zip, pdo, sqlite, pdo_sqlite, gd, pdo_mysql, fileinfo, ftp, redis, memcached
           tools: composer:v2
           coverage: none
 
-      - name: Setup problem matchers
-        run: echo "::add-matcher::${{ runner.tool_cache }}/phpunit.json"
-
       - name: Set Minimum Guzzle Version
         uses: nick-invision/retry@v1
         with:
diff --git a/CHANGELOG-6.x.md b/CHANGELOG-6.x.md
index ae564658b926..5fd976698b85 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG-6.x.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG-6.x.md
@@ -1,6 +1,86 @@
 # Release Notes for 6.x
 
-## [Unreleased](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.5...6.x)
+## [Unreleased](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.17...6.x)
+
+
+## [v6.20.17 (2021-03-02)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.16...v6.20.17)
+
+### Added
+- Added new line to `DetectsLostConnections` ([#36373](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36373))
+
+
+## [v6.20.16 (2021-02-02)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.15...v6.20.16)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed `Illuminate\View\ViewException::report()` ([#36110](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36110))
+- Fixed `Illuminate\Redis\Connections\PhpRedisConnection::spop()` ([#36106](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36106))
+
+### Changed
+- Typecast page number as integer in `Illuminate\Pagination\AbstractPaginator::resolveCurrentPage()` ([#36055](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36055))
+
+
+## [v6.20.15 (2021-01-26)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.14...v6.20.15)
+
+### Changed
+- Pipe new through render and report exception methods ([#36037](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36037))
+
+
+## [v6.20.14 (2021-01-21)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.13...v6.20.14)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed type error in `Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithContentTypes::isJson()` ([#35956](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35956))
+- Limit expected bindings ([#35972](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35972), [006873d](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/006873df411d28bfd03fea5e7f91a2afe3918498))
+
+
+## [v6.20.13 (2021-01-19)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.12...v6.20.13)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed empty html mail ([#35941](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35941))
+
+
+## [v6.20.12 (2021-01-13)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.11...v6.20.12)
+
+
+## [v6.20.11 (2021-01-13)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.10...v6.20.11)
+
+### Fixed
+- Limit expected bindings ([#35865](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35865))
+
+
+## [v6.20.10 (2021-01-12)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.9...v6.20.10)
+
+### Added
+- Added new line to `DetectsLostConnections` ([#35790](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35790))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed error from missing null check on PHP 8 in `Illuminate\Validation\Concerns\ValidatesAttributes::validateJson()` ([#35797](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35797))
+
+
+## [v6.20.9 (2021-01-05)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.8...v6.20.9)
+
+### Added
+- [Updated Illuminate\Database\DetectsLostConnections with new strings](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.8...v6.20.9) 
+
+
+## [v6.20.8 (2020-12-22)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.7...v6.20.8)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed `Illuminate\Validation\Concerns\ValidatesAttributes::validateJson()` for PHP8 ([#35646](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35646))
+- Catch DecryptException with invalid X-XSRF-TOKEN in `Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken` ([#35671](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35671))
+
+
+## [v6.20.7 (2020-12-08)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.6...v6.20.7)
+
+### Fixed
+- Backport for fix issue with polymorphic morphMaps with literal 0 ([#35487](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35487))
+- Fixed mime validation for jpeg files ([#35518](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35518))
+
+
+## [v6.20.6 (2020-12-01)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.5...v6.20.6)
+
+### Fixed
+- Backport Redis context option ([#35370](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35370))
+- Fixed validating image/jpeg images after Symfony/Mime update ([#35419](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35419))
 
 
 ## [v6.20.5 (2020-11-24)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v6.20.4...v6.20.5)
diff --git a/CHANGELOG-8.x.md b/CHANGELOG-8.x.md
index 55e5ebb05309..28603d11124f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG-8.x.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG-8.x.md
@@ -1,9 +1,341 @@
 # Release Notes for 8.x
 
-## [Unreleased](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.16.0...8.x)
+## [Unreleased](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.30.1...8.x)
 
 
-## [v8.16.0 (2020-11-17)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.15.0...v8.16.0)
+## [v8.30.1 (2021-03-03)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.30.0...v8.30.1)
+
+### Reverted
+- Reverted [Respect custom route key with explicit route model binding](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36375) ([#36449](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36449))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed `formatWheres()` methods in `DatabaseRule` ([#36441](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36441))
+
+
+## [v8.30.0 (2021-03-02)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.29.0...v8.30.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added new line to `DetectsLostConnections` ([#36373](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36373))
+- Added `Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit::perMinutes()` ([#36352](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36352), [86d0a5c](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/86d0a5c733b3f22ae2353df538e07605963c3052))
+- Make Database Factory macroable ([#36380](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36380))
+- Added stop on first failure for Validators ([39e1f84](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/39e1f84a48fec024859d4e80948aca9bd7878658))
+- Added `containsOneItem()` method to Collections ([#36428](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36428), [5b7ffc2](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/5b7ffc2b54dec803bd12541ab9c3d6bf3d4666ca))
+  
+### Changed
+- Respect custom route key with explicit route model binding ([#36375](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36375))
+- Add Buffered Console Output ([#36404](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36404))
+- Don't flash 'current_password' input ([#36415](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36415))
+- Check for context method in Exception Handler ([#36424](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36424))
+
+
+## [v8.29.0 (2021-02-23)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.28.1...v8.29.0)
+
+### Added
+- Support username parameter for predis ([#36299](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36299))
+- Adds "setUpTestDatabase" support to Parallel Testing ([#36301](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36301))
+- Added support closures in sequences ([3c66f6c](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/3c66f6cda2ac4ee2844a67fc98e676cb170ff4b1))
+- Added gate evaluation event ([0c6f5f7](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/0c6f5f75bf0ba4d3307145c9d92ae022f60414be))
+- Added a `collect` method to the HTTP Client response ([#36331](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36331))  
+- Allow Blade's service injection to inject services typed using class name resolution ([#36356](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36356))  
+  
+### Fixed
+- Fixed: Using withoutMiddleware() and a closure-based middleware on PHP8 throws an exception ([#36293](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36293))
+- Fixed: The label for page number in pagination links should always be a string ([#36292](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36292))
+- Clean up custom Queue payload between tests ([#36295](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36295))
+- Fixed flushDb (cache:clear) for redis clusters ([#36281](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36281))
+- Fixed retry command for encrypted jobs ([#36334](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36334), [2fb5e44](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/2fb5e444ef55a764ba2363a10320e75f3c830504))
+- Make sure `trait_uses_recursive` returns an array ([#36335](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36335))
+
+### Changed
+- Make use of specified ownerKey in MorphTo::associate() ([#36303](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36303))
+- Update pusher deps and update broadcasting ([3404185](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/3404185fbe36139dfbe6d0d9595811b41ee53068))
+
+
+## [v8.28.1 (2021-02-16)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.28.0...v8.28.1)
+
+### Fixed
+- Revert "[8.x] Clean up custom Queue payload between tests" ([#36287](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36287))
+
+
+## [v8.28.0 (2021-02-16)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.27.0...v8.28.0)
+
+### Added
+- Allow users to specify configuration keys to be used for primitive binding ([#36241](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36241))
+- ArrayObject + Collection Custom Casts ([#36245](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36245))
+- Add view path method ([af3a651](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/af3a651ad6ae3e90bd673fe7a6bfc1ce9e569d25))
+
+### Changed
+- Allow using dot syntax for `$responseKey` ([#36196](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36196))
+- Full trace for http errors ([#36219](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36219))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fix undefined property with sole query ([#36216](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36216))
+- Resolving non-instantiables corrupts `Container::$with` ([#36212](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36212))
+- Fix attribute nesting on anonymous components ([#36240](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36240))
+- Ensure `$prefix` is a string ([#36254](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36254))
+- Add missing import ([#34569](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/34569))
+- Align PHP 8.1 behavior of `e()` ([#36262](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36262))
+- Ensure null values won't break on PHP 8.1 ([#36264](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36264))
+- Handle directive `$value` as a string ([#36260](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36260))
+- Use explicit flag as default sorting ([#36261](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36261))
+- Fix middleware group display ([d9e28dc](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/d9e28dcb1f4a5638b33829d919bd7417321ab39e))
+
+
+## [v8.27.0 (2021-02-09)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.26.1...v8.27.0)
+
+### Added
+- Conditionally merge classes into a Blade Component attribute bag ([#36131](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36131))
+- Allow adding multiple columns after a column ([#36145](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36145))
+- Add query builder `chunkMap` method ([#36193](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36193), [048ac6d](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/048ac6d49f2f7b2d64eb1695848df4590c38be98))
+
+### Changed
+- Update CallQueuedClosure to catch Throwable/Error ([#36159](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36159))
+- Allow components to use custom attribute bag ([#36186](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36186))
+
+### Fixed
+- Set process timeout to null for load mysql schema into database ([#36126](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36126))
+- Don't pluralise string if string ends with none alphanumeric character ([#36137](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36137))
+- Add query log methods to the DB facade ([#36177](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36177))
+- Add commonmark as recommended package for `Illuminate\Support` ([#36171](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36171))
+- Fix Eager loading partially nullable morphTo relations ([#36129](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36129))
+- Make height of image working with yahoo ([#36201](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36201))
+- Make `sole()` relationship friendly ([#36200](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36200))
+- Make layout in mail responsive in Gmail app ([#36198](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36198))
+- Fixes parallel testing when a database is configured using URLs ([#36204](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36204))
+
+
+## [v8.26.1 (2021-02-02)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.26.0...v8.26.1)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed merge conflict in `src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-render-report.stub` ([#36123](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36123))
+
+
+## [v8.26.0 (2021-02-02)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.25.0...v8.26.0)
+
+### Added
+- Allow to fillJsonAttribute with encrypted field ([#36063](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36063))
+- Added `Route::missing()` ([#36035](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36035))
+- Added `Illuminate\Support\Str::markdown()` and `Illuminate\Support\Stringable::markdown()` ([#36071](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36071))
+- Support retrieving URL for Sftp adapter ([#36120](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36120))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed issues with dumping PostgreSQL databases that contain multiple schemata ([#36046](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36046))
+- Fixes job batch serialization for PostgreSQL ([#36081](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36081))
+- Fixed `Illuminate\View\ViewException::report()` ([#36110](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36110))
+
+### Changed
+- Typecast page number as integer in `Illuminate\Pagination\AbstractPaginator::resolveCurrentPage()` ([#36055](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36055))
+- Changed `Illuminate\Testing\ParallelRunner::createApplication()` ([1c11b78](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/1c11b7893fa3e9c592f6e85b2b1b0028ddd55645))
+
+
+## [v8.25.0 (2021-01-26)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.24.0...v8.25.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added `Stringable::pipe` & make Stringable tappable ([#36017](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36017))
+- Accept a command in object form in Bus::assertChained ([#36031](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36031))
+- Adds parallel testing ([#36034](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36034))
+- Make Listeners, Mailables, and Notifications accept ShouldBeEncrypted ([#36036](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36036))
+- Support JSON encoding Stringable ([#36012](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36012))
+- Support for escaping bound attributes ([#36042](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36042))
+- Added `Illuminate\Foundation\Application::useLangPath()` ([#36044](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36044))
+
+### Changed
+- Pipe through new render and report exception methods ([#36032](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36032))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed issue with dumping schema from a postgres database using no default schema  ([#35966](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35966), [7be50a5](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/7be50a511955dea2bf4d6e30208b6fbf07eaa36e))
+- Fixed worker --delay option ([#35991](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35991))
+- Added support of PHP 7.3 to RateLimiter middleware(queue) serialization ([#35986](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35986))
+- Fixed `Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TransformsRequest::cleanArray()` ([#36002](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36002))
+- ModelNotFoundException: ensure that the model class name is properly set ([#36011](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/36011))
+- Fixed bus fake ([e720279](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/e72027960fd4d8ff281938edb4632e13e391b8fd))
+
+
+## [v8.24.0 (2021-01-21)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.23.1...v8.24.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added `JobQueued` event ([8eaec03](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/8eaec037421aa9f3860da9d339986448b4c884eb), [5d572e7](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/5d572e7a6d479ef68ee92c9d67e2e9465174fb4c))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed type error in `Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithContentTypes::isJson()` ([#35956](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35956))
+- Fixed `Illuminate\Collections\Collection::sortByMany()` ([#35950](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35950))
+- Fixed Limit expected bindings ([#35972](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35972), [006873d](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/006873df411d28bfd03fea5e7f91a2afe3918498))
+- Fixed serialization of rate limited with redis middleware ([#35971](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35971))
+
+
+## [v8.23.1 (2021-01-19)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.23.0...v8.23.1)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed empty html mail ([#35941](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35941))
+
+
+## [v8.23.0 (2021-01-19)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.22.1...v8.23.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added `Illuminate\Database\Concerns\BuildsQueries::sole()` ([#35869](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35869), [29c7dae](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/29c7dae9b32af2abffa7489f4758fd67905683c3), [#35908](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35908), [#35902](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35902), [#35912](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35912))
+- Added default parameter to throw_if / throw_unless ([#35890](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35890))
+- Added validation support for TeamSpeak3 URI scheme ([#35933](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35933))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed extra space on blade class components that are inline ([#35874](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35874))
+- Fixed serialization of rate limited middleware ([f3d4dcb](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/f3d4dcb21dc66824611fdde95c8075b694825bf5), [#35916](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35916))
+
+### Changed
+- Allow a specific seeder to be used in tests in `Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase::migrateFreshUsing()` ([#35864](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35864))
+- Pass $key to closure in Collection and LazyCollection's reduce method as well ([#35878](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35878))
+
+
+## [v8.22.1 (2021-01-13)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.22.0...v8.22.1)
+ 
+### Fixed
+- Limit expected bindings ([#35865](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35865))
+
+
+## [v8.22.0 (2021-01-12)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.21.0...v8.22.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added new lines to `DetectsLostConnections` ([#35752](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35752), [#35790](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35790))
+- Added `Illuminate\Support\Testing\Fakes\EventFake::assertNothingDispatched()` ([#35835](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35835))
+- Added reduce with keys to collections and lazy collections ([#35839](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35839))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed error from missing null check on PHP 8 in `Illuminate\Validation\Concerns\ValidatesAttributes::validateJson()` ([#35797](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35797))
+- Fix bug with RetryCommand ([4415b94](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/4415b94623358bfd1dc2e8f20e4deab0025d2d03), [#35828](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35828))
+- Fixed `Illuminate\Testing\PendingCommand::expectsTable()` ([#35820](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35820))
+- Fixed `morphTo()` attempting to map an empty string morph type to an instance ([#35824](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35824))
+
+### Changes
+- Update `Illuminate\Http\Resources\CollectsResources::collects()` ([1fa20dd](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/1fa20dd356af21af6e38d95e9ff2b1d444344fbe))
+- "null" constraint prevents aliasing SQLite ROWID  ([#35792](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35792))
+- Allow strings to be passed to the `report` function ([#35803](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35803))
+
+
+## [v8.21.0 (2021-01-05)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.20.1...v8.21.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added command to clean batches table ([#35694](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35694), [33f5ac6](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/33f5ac695a55d6cdbadcfe1b46e3409e4a66df16))
+- Added item to list of causedByLostConnection errors ([#35744](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35744))
+- Make it possible to set Postmark Message Stream ID ([#35755](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35755))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed `php artisan db` command for the Postgres CLI ([#35725](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35725))
+- Fixed OPTIONS method bug with use same path and diff domain when cache route ([#35714](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35714))
+
+### Changed
+- Ensure DBAL custom type doesn't exists in `Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::registerDoctrineTypes()` ([#35704](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35704))
+- Added missing `dispatchAfterCommit` to `DatabaseQueue` ([#35715](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35715))
+- Set chain queue when inside a batch ([#35746](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35746))
+- Give a more meaningul message when route parameters are missing ([#35706](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35706))
+- Added table prefix to `Illuminate\Database\Console\DumpCommand::schemaState()` ([4ffe40f](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/4ffe40fb169c6bcce9193ff56958eca41e64294f))
+- Refresh the retryUntil time on job retry ([#35780](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35780), [45eb7a7](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/45eb7a7b1706ae175268731a673f369c0e556805))
+
+
+## [v8.20.1 (2020-12-22)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.20.0...v8.20.1)
+
+### Revert
+- Revert [Clear a cached user in RequestGuard if a request is changed](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35692) ([ca8ccd6](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/ca8ccd6757d5639f0e5fb241b3df6878da6ce34e))
+
+
+## [v8.20.0 (2020-12-22)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.19.0...v8.20.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added `Illuminate\Database\DBAL\TimestampType` ([a5761d4](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/a5761d4187abea654cb422c2f70054a880ffd2e0), [cff3705](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/cff37055cbf031109ae769e8fd6ad1951be47aa6) [382445f](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/382445f8487de45a05ebe121837f917b92560a97), [810047e](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/810047e1f184f8a4def372885591e4fbb6996b51))
+- Added ability to specify a separate lock connection ([#35621](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35621), [3d95235](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/3d95235a6ad8525886071ad68e818a225786064f))
+- Added `Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Concerns\InteractsWithPivotTable::syncWithPivotValues()` ([#35644](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35644), [49b3ce0](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/49b3ce098d8a612797b195c4e3774b1e00c604c8))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed `Illuminate\Validation\Concerns\ValidatesAttributes::validateJson()` for PHP8 ([#35646](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35646))
+- Fixed `assertCookieExpired()` and `assertCookieNotExpired()` methods in `Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse` ([#35637](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35637))
+- Fixed: Account for a numerical array of views in Mailable::renderForAssertions() ([#35662](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35662))
+- Catch DecryptException with invalid X-XSRF-TOKEN in `Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken` ([#35671](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35671))
+
+### Changed
+- Check configuration in `Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel::scheduleCache()` ([a253d0e](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/a253d0e40d3deb293d54df9f4455879af5365aab))
+- Modify `Model::mergeCasts` to return `$this` ([#35683](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35683))
+- Clear a cached user in RequestGuard if a request is changed ([#35692](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35692))
+
+
+## [v8.19.0 (2020-12-15)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.18.1...v8.19.0)
+
+### Added
+- Delay pushing jobs to queue until database transactions are committed ([#35422](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35422), [095d922](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/095d9221e837e7a7d8bd00d14184e619b962173a), [fa34d93](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/fa34d93ad0cda78e8956b2680ba7bada02bcabb2), [db0d0ba](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/db0d0ba94cf8a5c1e1fa4621bd4a16032aff800d), [d9b803a](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/d9b803a1a4898e7d5b3145e51c77499815ce3401), [3e55841](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/3e5584165fb66d8228bae79a856eac51ce147df5))
+- Added `Illuminate\View\ComponentAttributeBag::has()` ([#35562](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35562))
+- Create ScheduleListCommand ([#35574](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35574), [97d7834](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/97d783449c5330b1e5fb9104f6073869ad3079c1))
+- Introducing Job Encryption ([#35527](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35527), [f80f647](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/f80f647852106942e4a0ef3e9963f8f7a99122cf), [8c16156](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/8c16156636311e42883d9e84a6d71fa135bc2b73))
+
+### Fixed
+- Handle `Throwable` exceptions on `Illuminate\Redis\Limiters\ConcurrencyLimiter::block()` ([#35546](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35546))
+- Fixed PDO passing in SqlServerDriver ([#35564](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35564))
+- When following redirects, terminate each test request in proper order ([#35604](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35604))
+
+
+## [v8.18.1 (2020-12-09)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.18.0...v8.18.1)
+
+### Fixed
+- Bumped minimum Symfony version ([#35535](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35535))
+- Fixed passing model instances to factories ([#35541](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35541))
+
+
+## [v8.18.0 (2020-12-08)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.17.2...v8.18.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added `Illuminate\Http\Client\Factory::assertSentInOrder()` ([#35525](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35525), [d257ce2](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/d257ce2e93dfe52151be3d0386fcc4ea281ca8d5), [2fd1411](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/2fd141158eb5aead8aa2afff51bcd98250b6bbe6))
+- Added `Illuminate\Http\Client\Response::handlerStats()` ([#35520](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35520))
+- Added support for attaching existing model instances in factories ([#35494](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35494))
+- Added `assertChained()` and `assertDispatchedWithoutChain()` methods to `Illuminate\Support\Testing\Fakes\BusFake` class ([#35523](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35523), [f1b8cac](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/f1b8cacfe2a8863894e258ce35a77decedbea36f), [236c67d](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/236c67db52f755bb475ba325148e9053733968aa))
+- Allow testing of html and plain text bodies right off mailables ([afb858a](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/afb858ad9c944bd3f9ad56c3e4485527d77a7327), [b7391e4](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/b7391e486fc68c1c422668a277eaac2bcbe72b2b))
+ 
+### Fixed
+- Fixed Application flush method ([#35482](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35482))
+- Fixed mime validation for jpeg files ([#35518](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35518))
+
+### Revert
+- Revert [Added ability to define table name as default morph type](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35257) ([#35533](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35533))
+
+
+## [v8.17.2 (2020-12-03)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.17.1...v8.17.2)
+
+### Added
+- Added `Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany::orderByPivot()` ([#35455](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35455), [6f83a50](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/6f83a5099725dc47fbec1b0cf1bcc64f80f9dc86))
+
+
+## [v8.17.1 (2020-12-02)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.17.0...v8.17.1)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed an issue with the database queue driver ([#35449](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35449))
+
+
+## [v8.17.0 (2020-12-01)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.16.1...v8.17.0)
+
+### Added
+- Added: Transaction aware code execution ([#35373](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35373), [9565598](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/95655988ea1fb0c260ca792751e2e9da81afc3a7))
+- Added dd() and dump() to the request object ([#35384](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35384), [c43e08f](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/c43e08f98afe5dcf742956510e9ab170ea11ce45))
+- Enqueue all jobs using a enqueueUsing method ([#35415](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35415), [010d4d7](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/010d4d7ea7ec5581dfbf8b6ba84b812f8e4cb649), [#35437](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35437))
+
+### Fixed
+- Fix issue with polymorphic morphMaps with literal 0 ([#35364](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35364))
+- Fixed Self-Relation issue in withAggregate method ([#35392](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35392), [aec5cca](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/aec5cca4ace65bc4b4ca054170b645f1073ac9ca), [#35394](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35394))
+- Fixed Use PHP_EOL instead of `\n` in PendingCommand ([#35409](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35409))
+- Fixed validating image/jpeg images after Symfony/Mime update ([#35419](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35419))
+- Fixed fail to morph with custom casting to objects ([#35420](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35420))
+- Fixed `Illuminate\Collections\Collection::sortBy()` ([307f6fb](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/307f6fb8d9579427a9521a07e8700355a3e9d948))
+- Don't overwrite minute and hour when specifying a time with twiceMonthly() ([#35436](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35436))
+
+### Changed
+- Make DownCommand retryAfter available to prerendered view ([#35357](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35357), [b1ee97e](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/b1ee97e5ae03dae293e3256b8c3013209d0fd9b0))
+- Set default value on cloud driver ([0bb7fe4](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/0bb7fe4758d617b07b84f6fabfcfe2ca2cdb0964))
+- Update Tailwind pagination focus styles ([#35365](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35365))
+- Redis: allow to pass connection name ([#35402](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35402))
+- Change Wormhole to use the Date Factory ([#35421](https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/35421))
+
+
+## [v8.16.1 (2020-11-25)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.16.0...v8.16.1)
+
+### Fixed
+- Fixed reflection exception in `Illuminate\Routing\Router::gatherRouteMiddleware()` ([c6e8357](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/c6e8357e19b10a800df8a67446f23310f4e83d1f))
+
+
+## [v8.16.0 (2020-11-24)](https://github.com/laravel/framework/compare/v8.15.0...v8.16.0)
 
 ### Added
 - Added `Illuminate\Console\Concerns\InteractsWithIO::withProgressBar()` ([4e52a60](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/4e52a606e91619f6082ed8d46f8d64f9d4dbd0b2), [169fd2b](https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/169fd2b5156650a067aa77a38681875d2a6c5e57))
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index a63c064c721a..401a6e952839 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@
         "psr/simple-cache": "^1.0",
         "ramsey/uuid": "^4.0",
         "swiftmailer/swiftmailer": "^6.0",
-        "symfony/console": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/error-handler": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/finder": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/mime": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/process": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/routing": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/var-dumper": "^5.1",
+        "symfony/console": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/error-handler": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/finder": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/mime": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/process": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/routing": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/var-dumper": "^5.1.4",
         "tijsverkoyen/css-to-inline-styles": "^2.2.2",
         "vlucas/phpdotenv": "^5.2",
         "voku/portable-ascii": "^1.4.8"
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@
         "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "^6.5.5|^7.0.1",
         "league/flysystem-cached-adapter": "^1.0",
         "mockery/mockery": "^1.4.2",
-        "orchestra/testbench-core": "^6.5",
+        "orchestra/testbench-core": "^6.8",
         "pda/pheanstalk": "^4.0",
         "phpunit/phpunit": "^8.5.8|^9.3.3",
         "predis/predis": "^1.1.1",
-        "symfony/cache": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/cache": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "provide": {
         "psr/container-implementation": "1.0"
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@
         "ext-posix": "Required to use all features of the queue worker.",
         "ext-redis": "Required to use the Redis cache and queue drivers (^4.0|^5.0).",
         "aws/aws-sdk-php": "Required to use the SQS queue driver, DynamoDb failed job storage and SES mail driver (^3.155).",
+        "brianium/paratest": "Required to run tests in parallel (^6.0).",
         "doctrine/dbal": "Required to rename columns and drop SQLite columns (^2.6|^3.0).",
         "filp/whoops": "Required for friendly error pages in development (^2.8).",
         "fakerphp/faker": "Required to use the eloquent factory builder (^1.9.1).",
@@ -143,9 +144,9 @@
         "phpunit/phpunit": "Required to use assertions and run tests (^8.5.8|^9.3.3).",
         "predis/predis": "Required to use the predis connector (^1.1.2).",
         "psr/http-message": "Required to allow Storage::put to accept a StreamInterface (^1.0).",
-        "pusher/pusher-php-server": "Required to use the Pusher broadcast driver (^4.0).",
-        "symfony/cache": "Required to PSR-6 cache bridge (^5.1).",
-        "symfony/filesystem": "Required to enable support for relative symbolic links (^5.1).",
+        "pusher/pusher-php-server": "Required to use the Pusher broadcast driver (^4.0|^5.0).",
+        "symfony/cache": "Required to PSR-6 cache bridge (^5.1.4).",
+        "symfony/filesystem": "Required to enable support for relative symbolic links (^5.1.4).",
         "symfony/psr-http-message-bridge": "Required to use PSR-7 bridging features (^2.0).",
         "wildbit/swiftmailer-postmark": "Required to use Postmark mail driver (^3.0)."
     },
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index dc02296a48b4..4b129f911cfc 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 version: '3'
 services:
   memcached:
-    image: memcached:1.5-alpine
+    image: memcached:1.6-alpine
     ports:
       - "11211:11211"
     restart: always
diff --git a/phpunit.xml.dist b/phpunit.xml.dist
index 3cb5a6c6ba63..bb20f5f6ded1 100644
--- a/phpunit.xml.dist
+++ b/phpunit.xml.dist
@@ -17,14 +17,6 @@
             <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests</directory>
         </testsuite>
     </testsuites>
-    <coverage processUncoveredFiles="true">
-        <include>
-            <directory suffix=".php">./src</directory>
-        </include>
-        <exclude>
-            <directory suffix=".blade.php">./src/</directory>
-        </exclude>
-    </coverage>
     <php>
         <ini name="memory_limit" value="2048M" />
         <!--
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Auth/Access/Events/GateEvaluated.php b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Access/Events/GateEvaluated.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f77a9c84c51b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Access/Events/GateEvaluated.php
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Auth\Access\Events;
+
+class GateEvaluated
+{
+    /**
+     * The authenticatable model.
+     *
+     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
+     */
+    public $user;
+
+    /**
+     * The ability being evaluated.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    public $ability;
+
+    /**
+     * The result of the evaluation.
+     *
+     * @var bool|null
+     */
+    public $result;
+
+    /**
+     * The arguments given during evaluation.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    public $arguments;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new event instance.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null  $user
+     * @param  string  $ability
+     * @param  bool|null  $result
+     * @param  array  $arguments
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct($user, $ability, $result, $arguments)
+    {
+        $this->user = $user;
+        $this->ability = $ability;
+        $this->result = $result;
+        $this->arguments = $arguments;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Auth/Access/Gate.php b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Access/Gate.php
index 7fc5d90717a8..0497a8e344b8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Auth/Access/Gate.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Access/Gate.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Gate as GateContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
@@ -374,9 +375,11 @@ public function raw($ability, $arguments = [])
         // After calling the authorization callback, we will call the "after" callbacks
         // that are registered with the Gate, which allows a developer to do logging
         // if that is required for this application. Then we'll return the result.
-        return $this->callAfterCallbacks(
+        return tap($this->callAfterCallbacks(
             $user, $ability, $arguments, $result
-        );
+        ), function ($result) use ($user, $ability, $arguments) {
+            $this->dispatchGateEvaluatedEvent($user, $ability, $arguments, $result);
+        });
     }
 
     /**
@@ -519,6 +522,24 @@ protected function callAfterCallbacks($user, $ability, array $arguments, $result
         return $result;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Dispatch a gate evaluation event.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null  $user
+     * @param  string  $ability
+     * @param  array  $arguments
+     * @param  bool|null  $result
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function dispatchGateEvaluatedEvent($user, $ability, array $arguments, $result)
+    {
+        if ($this->container->bound(Dispatcher::class)) {
+            $this->container->make(Dispatcher::class)->dispatch(
+                new Events\GateEvaluated($user, $ability, $result, $arguments)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Resolve the callable for the given ability and arguments.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Auth/Console/stubs/make/views/layouts/app.stub b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Console/stubs/make/views/layouts/app.stub
index 9224ba3819d4..d1822366df73 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Auth/Console/stubs/make/views/layouts/app.stub
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Console/stubs/make/views/layouts/app.stub
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
     <script src="{{ asset('js/app.js') }}" defer></script>
 
     <!-- Fonts -->
-    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com">
-    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito" rel="stylesheet">
+    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com">
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
 
     <!-- Styles -->
     <link href="{{ asset('css/app.css') }}" rel="stylesheet">
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Auth/GuardHelpers.php b/src/Illuminate/Auth/GuardHelpers.php
index 4d5328c6bc87..aa9ebf9ec64a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Auth/GuardHelpers.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Auth/GuardHelpers.php
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ trait GuardHelpers
     protected $provider;
 
     /**
-     * Determine if current user is authenticated. If not, throw an exception.
+     * Determine if the current user is authenticated. If not, throw an exception.
      *
      * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Auth/Notifications/VerifyEmail.php b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Notifications/VerifyEmail.php
index 5863193a0840..7a5cf916449d 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Auth/Notifications/VerifyEmail.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Auth/Notifications/VerifyEmail.php
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public function toMail($notifiable)
     /**
      * Get the verify email notification mail message for the given URL.
      *
-     * @param  string  $verificationUrl
+     * @param  string  $url
      * @return \Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage
      */
     protected function buildMailMessage($url)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Auth/SessionGuard.php b/src/Illuminate/Auth/SessionGuard.php
index ac1629b4b528..1f6863141c4c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Auth/SessionGuard.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Auth/SessionGuard.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class SessionGuard implements StatefulGuard, SupportsBasicAuth
     use GuardHelpers, Macroable;
 
     /**
-     * The name of the Guard. Typically "session".
+     * The name of the guard. Typically "web".
      *
      * Corresponds to guard name in authentication configuration.
      *
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ protected function attemptBasic(Request $request, $field, $extraConditions = [])
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the credential array for a HTTP Basic request.
+     * Get the credential array for an HTTP Basic request.
      *
      * @param  \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request  $request
      * @param  string  $field
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/BroadcastEvent.php b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/BroadcastEvent.php
index 775df78059d7..e9c0897a553b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/BroadcastEvent.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/BroadcastEvent.php
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public function __construct($event)
         $this->event = $event;
         $this->tries = property_exists($event, 'tries') ? $event->tries : null;
         $this->timeout = property_exists($event, 'timeout') ? $event->timeout : null;
+        $this->afterCommit = property_exists($event, 'afterCommit') ? $event->afterCommit : null;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/AblyBroadcaster.php b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/AblyBroadcaster.php
index 7857c26dce3f..63927dd0181d 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/AblyBroadcaster.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/AblyBroadcaster.php
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public function broadcast(array $channels, $event, array $payload = [])
     }
 
     /**
-     * Return true if channel is protected by authentication.
+     * Return true if the channel is protected by authentication.
      *
      * @param  string  $channel
      * @return bool
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/PusherBroadcaster.php b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/PusherBroadcaster.php
index f55cf02b86d4..15695e114e6f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/PusherBroadcaster.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/PusherBroadcaster.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastException;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Pusher\ApiErrorException;
 use Pusher\Pusher;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException;
 
@@ -110,20 +111,44 @@ public function broadcast(array $channels, $event, array $payload = [])
     {
         $socket = Arr::pull($payload, 'socket');
 
-        $response = $this->pusher->trigger(
-            $this->formatChannels($channels), $event, $payload, $socket, true
-        );
+        if ($this->pusherServerIsVersionFiveOrGreater()) {
+            $parameters = $socket !== null ? ['socket_id' => $socket] : [];
+
+            try {
+                $this->pusher->trigger(
+                    $this->formatChannels($channels), $event, $payload, $parameters
+                );
+            } catch (ApiErrorException $e) {
+                throw new BroadcastException(
+                    sprintf('Pusher error: %s.', $e->getMessage())
+                );
+            }
+        } else {
+            $response = $this->pusher->trigger(
+                $this->formatChannels($channels), $event, $payload, $socket, true
+            );
+
+            if ((is_array($response) && $response['status'] >= 200 && $response['status'] <= 299)
+                || $response === true) {
+                return;
+            }
 
-        if ((is_array($response) && $response['status'] >= 200 && $response['status'] <= 299)
-            || $response === true) {
-            return;
+            throw new BroadcastException(
+                ! empty($response['body'])
+                    ? sprintf('Pusher error: %s.', $response['body'])
+                    : 'Failed to connect to Pusher.'
+            );
         }
+    }
 
-        throw new BroadcastException(
-            ! empty($response['body'])
-                ? sprintf('Pusher error: %s.', $response['body'])
-                : 'Failed to connect to Pusher.'
-        );
+    /**
+     * Determine if the Pusher PHP server is version 5.0 or greater.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function pusherServerIsVersionFiveOrGreater()
+    {
+        return class_exists(ApiErrorException::class);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/UsePusherChannelConventions.php b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/UsePusherChannelConventions.php
index 07c707ceb046..690cf3d4aca2 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/UsePusherChannelConventions.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/Broadcasters/UsePusherChannelConventions.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 trait UsePusherChannelConventions
 {
     /**
-     * Return true if channel is protected by authentication.
+     * Return true if the channel is protected by authentication.
      *
      * @param  string  $channel
      * @return bool
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/composer.json
index 3a7fe618a450..45c30271c084 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Broadcasting/composer.json
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
         }
     },
     "suggest": {
-        "pusher/pusher-php-server": "Required to use the Pusher broadcast driver (^4.0)."
+        "pusher/pusher-php-server": "Required to use the Pusher broadcast driver (^4.0|^5.0)."
     },
     "config": {
         "sort-packages": true
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Bus/Batch.php b/src/Illuminate/Bus/Batch.php
index 1073ecd46d37..cac16e1e9f51 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Bus/Batch.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Bus/Batch.php
@@ -170,7 +170,10 @@ public function add($jobs)
                 $count += count($job);
 
                 return with($this->prepareBatchedChain($job), function ($chain) {
-                    return $chain->first()->chain($chain->slice(1)->values()->all());
+                    return $chain->first()
+                            ->allOnQueue($this->options['queue'] ?? null)
+                            ->allOnConnection($this->options['connection'] ?? null)
+                            ->chain($chain->slice(1)->values()->all());
                 });
             } else {
                 $job->withBatchId($this->id);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Bus/DatabaseBatchRepository.php b/src/Illuminate/Bus/DatabaseBatchRepository.php
index d911c380d551..03d7a3dab3cb 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Bus/DatabaseBatchRepository.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Bus/DatabaseBatchRepository.php
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 
 use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;
 use Closure;
+use DateTimeInterface;
 use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
+use Illuminate\Database\PostgresConnection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Query\Expression;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
-class DatabaseBatchRepository implements BatchRepository
+class DatabaseBatchRepository implements PrunableBatchRepository
 {
     /**
      * The batch factory instance.
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ public function store(PendingBatch $batch)
             'pending_jobs' => 0,
             'failed_jobs' => 0,
             'failed_job_ids' => '[]',
-            'options' => serialize($batch->options),
+            'options' => $this->serialize($batch->options),
             'created_at' => time(),
             'cancelled_at' => null,
             'finished_at' => null,
@@ -230,6 +232,29 @@ public function delete(string $batchId)
         $this->connection->table($this->table)->where('id', $batchId)->delete();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Prune all of the entries older than the given date.
+     *
+     * @param  \DateTimeInterface  $before
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function prune(DateTimeInterface $before)
+    {
+        $query = $this->connection->table($this->table)
+            ->whereNotNull('finished_at')
+            ->where('finished_at', '<', $before->getTimestamp());
+
+        $totalDeleted = 0;
+
+        do {
+            $deleted = $query->take(1000)->delete();
+
+            $totalDeleted += $deleted;
+        } while ($deleted !== 0);
+
+        return $totalDeleted;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Execute the given Closure within a storage specific transaction.
      *
@@ -243,6 +268,37 @@ public function transaction(Closure $callback)
         });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Serialize the given value.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed  $value
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function serialize($value)
+    {
+        $serialized = serialize($value);
+
+        return $this->connection instanceof PostgresConnection
+            ? base64_encode($serialized)
+            : $serialized;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unserialize the given value.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $serialized
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function unserialize($serialized)
+    {
+        if ($this->connection instanceof PostgresConnection &&
+            ! Str::contains($serialized, [':', ';'])) {
+            $serialized = base64_decode($serialized);
+        }
+
+        return unserialize($serialized);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Convert the given raw batch to a Batch object.
      *
@@ -259,7 +315,7 @@ protected function toBatch($batch)
             (int) $batch->pending_jobs,
             (int) $batch->failed_jobs,
             json_decode($batch->failed_job_ids, true),
-            unserialize($batch->options),
+            $this->unserialize($batch->options),
             CarbonImmutable::createFromTimestamp($batch->created_at),
             $batch->cancelled_at ? CarbonImmutable::createFromTimestamp($batch->cancelled_at) : $batch->cancelled_at,
             $batch->finished_at ? CarbonImmutable::createFromTimestamp($batch->finished_at) : $batch->finished_at
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Bus/PrunableBatchRepository.php b/src/Illuminate/Bus/PrunableBatchRepository.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3f972553b597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Bus/PrunableBatchRepository.php
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Bus;
+
+use DateTimeInterface;
+
+interface PrunableBatchRepository extends BatchRepository
+{
+    /**
+     * Prune all of the entries older than the given date.
+     *
+     * @param  \DateTimeInterface  $before
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function prune(DateTimeInterface $before);
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Bus/Queueable.php b/src/Illuminate/Bus/Queueable.php
index c2520b98c040..e8043bde0c00 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Bus/Queueable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Bus/Queueable.php
@@ -52,6 +52,13 @@ trait Queueable
      */
     public $delay;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the job should be dispatched after all database transactions have committed.
+     *
+     * @var bool|null
+     */
+    public $afterCommit;
+
     /**
      * The middleware the job should be dispatched through.
      *
@@ -133,6 +140,30 @@ public function delay($delay)
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the job should be dispatched after all database transactions have committed.
+     *
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function afterCommit()
+    {
+        $this->afterCommit = true;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the job should not wait until database transactions have been committed before dispatching.
+     *
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function beforeCommit()
+    {
+        $this->afterCommit = false;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Specify the middleware the job should be dispatched through.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Bus/UpdatedBatchJobCounts.php b/src/Illuminate/Bus/UpdatedBatchJobCounts.php
index cc4bdd700b7c..83d33a44f2f7 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Bus/UpdatedBatchJobCounts.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Bus/UpdatedBatchJobCounts.php
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public function __construct(int $pendingJobs = 0, int $failedJobs = 0)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if all jobs have ran exactly once.
+     * Determine if all jobs have run exactly once.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheLock.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheLock.php
index f4a1407c1cbf..310d9fb5d35c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheLock.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheLock.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class CacheLock extends Lock
     /**
      * Create a new lock instance.
      *
-     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Store
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Store  $store
      * @param  string  $name
      * @param  int  $seconds
      * @param  string|null  $owner
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php
index 352ea6f50cc0..c8c8f602808b 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php
@@ -199,7 +199,11 @@ protected function createRedisDriver(array $config)
 
         $connection = $config['connection'] ?? 'default';
 
-        return $this->repository(new RedisStore($redis, $this->getPrefix($config), $connection));
+        $store = new RedisStore($redis, $this->getPrefix($config), $connection);
+
+        return $this->repository(
+            $store->setLockConnection($config['lock_connection'] ?? $connection)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -212,15 +216,17 @@ protected function createDatabaseDriver(array $config)
     {
         $connection = $this->app['db']->connection($config['connection'] ?? null);
 
-        return $this->repository(
-            new DatabaseStore(
-                $connection,
-                $config['table'],
-                $this->getPrefix($config),
-                $config['lock_table'] ?? 'cache_locks',
-                $config['lock_lottery'] ?? [2, 100]
-            )
+        $store = new DatabaseStore(
+            $connection,
+            $config['table'],
+            $this->getPrefix($config),
+            $config['lock_table'] ?? 'cache_locks',
+            $config['lock_lottery'] ?? [2, 100]
         );
+
+        return $this->repository($store->setLockConnection(
+            $this->app['db']->connection($config['lock_connection'] ?? $config['connection'] ?? null)
+        ));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseLock.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseLock.php
index 296f973bd2e2..7fd05c19134a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseLock.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseLock.php
@@ -136,4 +136,14 @@ protected function getCurrentOwner()
     {
         return optional($this->connection->table($this->table)->where('key', $this->name)->first())->owner;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the name of the database connection being used to manage the lock.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getConnectionName()
+    {
+        return $this->connection->getName();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseStore.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseStore.php
index cce14063257c..32d7a9fc0676 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseStore.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/DatabaseStore.php
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ class DatabaseStore implements LockProvider, Store
      */
     protected $connection;
 
+    /**
+     * The database connection instance that should be used to manage locks.
+     *
+     * @var \Illuminate\Database\ConnectionInterface
+     */
+    protected $lockConnection;
+
     /**
      * The name of the cache table.
      *
@@ -265,7 +272,7 @@ public function forever($key, $value)
     public function lock($name, $seconds = 0, $owner = null)
     {
         return new DatabaseLock(
-            $this->connection,
+            $this->lockConnection ?? $this->connection,
             $this->lockTable,
             $this->prefix.$name,
             $seconds,
@@ -331,6 +338,19 @@ public function getConnection()
         return $this->connection;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Specify the name of the connection that should be used to manage locks.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\ConnectionInterface  $connection
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setLockConnection($connection)
+    {
+        $this->lockConnection = $connection;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the cache key prefix.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/Lock.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/Lock.php
index 271cba50fc58..bed170507a9a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/Lock.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/Lock.php
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public function get($callback = null)
      *
      * @param  int  $seconds
      * @param  callable|null  $callback
-     * @return bool
+     * @return mixed
      *
      * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\LockTimeoutException
      */
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ protected function isOwnedByCurrentProcess()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Specify the number of milliseconds to sleep in between blocked lock aquisition attempts.
+     * Specify the number of milliseconds to sleep in between blocked lock acquisition attempts.
      *
      * @param  int  $milliseconds
      * @return $this
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/RateLimiting/Limit.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/RateLimiting/Limit.php
index ab3463f51830..330cab39bba1 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/RateLimiting/Limit.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/RateLimiting/Limit.php
@@ -58,6 +58,18 @@ public static function perMinute($maxAttempts)
         return new static('', $maxAttempts);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create a new rate limit using minutes as decay time.
+     *
+     * @param  int  $decayMinutes
+     * @param  int  $maxAttempts
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public static function perMinutes($decayMinutes, $maxAttempts)
+    {
+        return new static('', $maxAttempts, $decayMinutes);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a new rate limit using hours as decay time.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisLock.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisLock.php
index 9f62eada9510..481b811d398f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisLock.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisLock.php
@@ -70,4 +70,14 @@ protected function getCurrentOwner()
     {
         return $this->redis->get($this->name);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the name of the Redis connection being used to manage the lock.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getConnectionName()
+    {
+        return $this->redis->getName();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisStore.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisStore.php
index f3aa8a3dce34..cdf1c8fca094 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisStore.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/RedisStore.php
@@ -22,12 +22,19 @@ class RedisStore extends TaggableStore implements LockProvider
     protected $prefix;
 
     /**
-     * The Redis connection that should be used.
+     * The Redis connection instance that should be used to manage locks.
      *
      * @var string
      */
     protected $connection;
 
+    /**
+     * The name of the connection that should be used for locks.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $lockConnection;
+
     /**
      * Create a new Redis store.
      *
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ public function forever($key, $value)
      */
     public function lock($name, $seconds = 0, $owner = null)
     {
-        return new RedisLock($this->connection(), $this->prefix.$name, $seconds, $owner);
+        return new RedisLock($this->lockConnection(), $this->prefix.$name, $seconds, $owner);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -243,7 +250,17 @@ public function connection()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the connection name to be used.
+     * Get the Redis connection instance that should be used to manage locks.
+     *
+     * @return \Illuminate\Redis\Connections\Connection
+     */
+    public function lockConnection()
+    {
+        return $this->redis->connection($this->lockConnection ?? $this->connection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specify the name of the connection that should be used to store data.
      *
      * @param  string  $connection
      * @return void
@@ -253,6 +270,19 @@ public function setConnection($connection)
         $this->connection = $connection;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Specify the name of the connection that should be used to manage locks.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $connection
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setLockConnection($connection)
+    {
+        $this->lockConnection = $connection;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the Redis database instance.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php b/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php
index 46af170f2b40..00cd39b013a4 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php
@@ -292,8 +292,12 @@ public function setMultiple($values, $ttl = null)
      */
     public function add($key, $value, $ttl = null)
     {
+        $seconds = null;
+
         if ($ttl !== null) {
-            if ($this->getSeconds($ttl) <= 0) {
+            $seconds = $this->getSeconds($ttl);
+
+            if ($seconds <= 0) {
                 return false;
             }
 
@@ -301,8 +305,6 @@ public function add($key, $value, $ttl = null)
             // has a chance to override this logic. Some drivers better support the way
             // this operation should work with a total "atomic" implementation of it.
             if (method_exists($this->store, 'add')) {
-                $seconds = $this->getSeconds($ttl);
-
                 return $this->store->add(
                     $this->itemKey($key), $value, $seconds
                 );
@@ -313,7 +315,7 @@ public function add($key, $value, $ttl = null)
         // so it exists for subsequent requests. Then, we will return true so it is
         // easy to know if the value gets added. Otherwise, we will return false.
         if (is_null($this->get($key))) {
-            return $this->put($key, $value, $ttl);
+            return $this->put($key, $value, $seconds);
         }
 
         return false;
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cache/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Cache/composer.json
index c802b1213aca..b9ef4881b062 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cache/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cache/composer.json
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
         "illuminate/database": "Required to use the database cache driver (^8.0).",
         "illuminate/filesystem": "Required to use the file cache driver (^8.0).",
         "illuminate/redis": "Required to use the redis cache driver (^8.0).",
-        "symfony/cache": "Required to PSR-6 cache bridge (^5.1)."
+        "symfony/cache": "Required to PSR-6 cache bridge (^5.1.4)."
     },
     "config": {
         "sort-packages": true
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Collections/Collection.php b/src/Illuminate/Collections/Collection.php
index ae772b70cbac..68fb3cecc100 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Collections/Collection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Collections/Collection.php
@@ -553,6 +553,16 @@ public function isEmpty()
         return empty($this->items);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the collection contains a single item.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function containsOneItem()
+    {
+        return $this->count() === 1;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Join all items from the collection using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
      *
@@ -872,18 +882,6 @@ public function random($number = null)
         return new static(Arr::random($this->items, $number));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Reduce the collection to a single value.
-     *
-     * @param  callable  $callback
-     * @param  mixed  $initial
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function reduce(callable $callback, $initial = null)
-    {
-        return array_reduce($this->items, $callback, $initial);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Replace the collection items with the given items.
      *
@@ -1098,7 +1096,7 @@ public function sort($callback = null)
 
         $callback && is_callable($callback)
             ? uasort($items, $callback)
-            : asort($items, $callback);
+            : asort($items, $callback ?? SORT_REGULAR);
 
         return new static($items);
     }
@@ -1128,7 +1126,7 @@ public function sortDesc($options = SORT_REGULAR)
      */
     public function sortBy($callback, $options = SORT_REGULAR, $descending = false)
     {
-        if (is_array($callback)) {
+        if (is_array($callback) && ! is_callable($callback)) {
             return $this->sortByMany($callback);
         }
 
@@ -1180,7 +1178,7 @@ protected function sortByMany(array $comparisons = [])
                 if (is_callable($prop)) {
                     $result = $prop($a, $b);
                 } else {
-                    $values = [Arr::get($a, $prop), Arr::get($b, $prop)];
+                    $values = [data_get($a, $prop), data_get($b, $prop)];
 
                     if (! $ascending) {
                         $values = array_reverse($values);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Collections/Enumerable.php b/src/Illuminate/Collections/Enumerable.php
index 297ee2f08df5..4bda35476905 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Collections/Enumerable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Collections/Enumerable.php
@@ -415,9 +415,9 @@ public function whereNotIn($key, $values, $strict = false);
     public function whereNotInStrict($key, $values);
 
     /**
-     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type.
+     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type(s).
      *
-     * @param  string  $type
+     * @param  string|string[]  $type
      * @return static
      */
     public function whereInstanceOf($type);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Collections/LazyCollection.php b/src/Illuminate/Collections/LazyCollection.php
index 2384948f951a..9b90792925b4 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Collections/LazyCollection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Collections/LazyCollection.php
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ public function intersectByKeys($items)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if the items is empty or not.
+     * Determine if the items are empty or not.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -556,6 +556,16 @@ public function isEmpty()
         return ! $this->getIterator()->valid();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the collection contains a single item.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function containsOneItem()
+    {
+        return $this->take(2)->count() === 1;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Join all items from the collection using a string. The final items can use a separate glue string.
      *
@@ -827,24 +837,6 @@ public function random($number = null)
         return is_null($number) ? $result : new static($result);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Reduce the collection to a single value.
-     *
-     * @param  callable  $callback
-     * @param  mixed  $initial
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function reduce(callable $callback, $initial = null)
-    {
-        $result = $initial;
-
-        foreach ($this as $value) {
-            $result = $callback($result, $value);
-        }
-
-        return $result;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Replace the collection items with the given items.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Collections/Traits/EnumeratesValues.php b/src/Illuminate/Collections/Traits/EnumeratesValues.php
index 3355a9b2da29..865d0047cdd5 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Collections/Traits/EnumeratesValues.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Collections/Traits/EnumeratesValues.php
@@ -669,14 +669,24 @@ public function whereNotInStrict($key, $values)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type.
+     * Filter the items, removing any items that don't match the given type(s).
      *
-     * @param  string  $type
+     * @param  string|string[]  $type
      * @return static
      */
     public function whereInstanceOf($type)
     {
         return $this->filter(function ($value) use ($type) {
+            if (is_array($type)) {
+                foreach ($type as $classType) {
+                    if ($value instanceof $classType) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
             return $value instanceof $type;
         });
     }
@@ -716,6 +726,42 @@ public function tap(callable $callback)
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Reduce the collection to a single value.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @param  mixed $initial
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function reduce(callable $callback, $initial = null)
+    {
+        $result = $initial;
+
+        foreach ($this as $key => $value) {
+            $result = $callback($result, $value, $key);
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reduce an associative collection to a single value.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @param  mixed $initial
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function reduceWithKeys(callable $callback, $initial = null)
+    {
+        $result = $initial;
+
+        foreach ($this as $key => $value) {
+            $result = $callback($result, $value, $key);
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a collection of all elements that do not pass a given truth test.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Collections/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Collections/composer.json
index 268fae17d6f6..cb23d3e49486 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Collections/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Collections/composer.json
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
         }
     },
     "suggest": {
-        "symfony/var-dumper": "Required to use the dump method (^5.1)."
+        "symfony/var-dumper": "Required to use the dump method (^5.1.4)."
     },
     "config": {
         "sort-packages": true
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php b/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php
index 7066c8485425..345ab941116e 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Console/Application.php
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\StringInput;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\BufferedOutput;
-use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
 use Symfony\Component\Process\PhpExecutableFinder;
 
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ public function run(InputInterface $input = null, OutputInterface $output = null
 
         $this->events->dispatch(
             new CommandStarting(
-                $commandName, $input, $output = $output ?: new ConsoleOutput
+                $commandName, $input, $output = $output ?: new BufferedConsoleOutput
             )
         );
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Console/BufferedConsoleOutput.php b/src/Illuminate/Console/BufferedConsoleOutput.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4bb5ca228541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Console/BufferedConsoleOutput.php
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Console;
+
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput;
+
+class BufferedConsoleOutput extends ConsoleOutput
+{
+    /**
+     * The current buffer.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $buffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Empties the buffer and returns its content.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function fetch()
+    {
+        return tap($this->buffer, function () {
+            $this->buffer = '';
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    protected function doWrite(string $message, bool $newline)
+    {
+        $this->buffer .= $message;
+
+        if ($newline) {
+            $this->buffer .= \PHP_EOL;
+        }
+
+        return parent::doWrite($message, $newline);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/Event.php b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/Event.php
index 0bfaeaf8c429..a680c1a64cb0 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/Event.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/Event.php
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Event
     public $expiresAt = 1440;
 
     /**
-     * Indicates if the command should run in background.
+     * Indicates if the command should run in the background.
      *
      * @var bool
      */
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ protected function pingCallback($url)
     }
 
     /**
-     * State that the command should run in background.
+     * State that the command should run in the background.
      *
      * @return $this
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ManagesFrequencies.php b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ManagesFrequencies.php
index 540217dd3c4b..7e1cdf17c0a8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ManagesFrequencies.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ManagesFrequencies.php
@@ -425,9 +425,7 @@ public function twiceMonthly($first = 1, $second = 16, $time = '0:0')
 
         $this->dailyAt($time);
 
-        return $this->spliceIntoPosition(1, 0)
-            ->spliceIntoPosition(2, 0)
-            ->spliceIntoPosition(3, $daysOfMonth);
+        return $this->spliceIntoPosition(3, $daysOfMonth);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ScheduleListCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ScheduleListCommand.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a46f9c7f1502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ScheduleListCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Console\Scheduling;
+
+use Cron\CronExpression;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
+
+class ScheduleListCommand extends Command
+{
+    /**
+     * The console command name.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $signature = 'schedule:list {--timezone= : The timezone that times should be displayed in}';
+
+    /**
+     * The console command description.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $description = 'List the scheduled commands';
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the console command.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule  $schedule
+     * @return void
+     * @throws \Exception
+     */
+    public function handle(Schedule $schedule)
+    {
+        foreach ($schedule->events() as $event) {
+            $rows[] = [
+                $event->command,
+                $event->expression,
+                $event->description,
+                (new CronExpression($event->expression))
+                            ->getNextRunDate(Carbon::now())
+                            ->setTimezone($this->option('timezone', config('app.timezone'))),
+            ];
+        }
+
+        $this->table([
+            'Command',
+            'Interval',
+            'Description',
+            'Next Due',
+        ], $rows ?? []);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ScheduleTestCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ScheduleTestCommand.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2d15888bbbf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Console/Scheduling/ScheduleTestCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Console\Scheduling;
+
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+class ScheduleTestCommand extends Command
+{
+    /**
+     * The console command name.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $name = 'schedule:test';
+
+    /**
+     * The console command description.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $description = 'Run a scheduled command';
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the console command.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule  $schedule
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function handle(Schedule $schedule)
+    {
+        $commands = $schedule->events();
+
+        $commandNames = [];
+
+        foreach ($commands as $command) {
+            $commandNames[] = $command->command;
+        }
+
+        $index = array_search($this->choice('Which command would you like to run?', $commandNames), $commandNames);
+
+        $event = $commands[$index];
+
+        $this->line('<info>Running scheduled command:</info> '.$event->getSummaryForDisplay());
+
+        $event->run($this->laravel);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Console/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Console/composer.json
index dda1f3392aa9..46aaada73dd9 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Console/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Console/composer.json
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
         "illuminate/contracts": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/macroable": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/console": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/process": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/console": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/process": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php b/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php
index 9403e6a0e546..2cfa72f51bb7 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ public function factory($abstract)
     /**
      * An alias function name for make().
      *
-     * @param  string  $abstract
+     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
      * @param  array  $parameters
      * @return mixed
      *
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ public function makeWith($abstract, array $parameters = [])
     /**
      * Resolve the given type from the container.
      *
-     * @param  string  $abstract
+     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
      * @param  array  $parameters
      * @return mixed
      *
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ public function get($id)
     /**
      * Resolve the given type from the container.
      *
-     * @param  string  $abstract
+     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
      * @param  array  $parameters
      * @param  bool  $raiseEvents
      * @return mixed
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ protected function resolve($abstract, $parameters = [], $raiseEvents = true)
     {
         $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
 
-        // First we wil fire any event handlers that handle the "before" resolving of
+        // First we'll fire any event handlers which handle the "before" resolving of
         // specific types. This gives some hooks the chance to add various extends
         // calls to change the resolution of objects that they're interested in.
         if ($raiseEvents) {
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ protected function resolve($abstract, $parameters = [], $raiseEvents = true)
     /**
      * Get the concrete type for a given abstract.
      *
-     * @param  string  $abstract
+     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
      * @return mixed
      */
     protected function getConcrete($abstract)
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ protected function getConcrete($abstract)
     /**
      * Get the contextual concrete binding for the given abstract.
      *
-     * @param  string  $abstract
+     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
      * @return \Closure|string|array|null
      */
     protected function getContextualConcrete($abstract)
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ protected function getContextualConcrete($abstract)
     /**
      * Find the concrete binding for the given abstract in the contextual binding array.
      *
-     * @param  string  $abstract
+     * @param  string|callable  $abstract
      * @return \Closure|string|null
      */
     protected function findInContextualBindings($abstract)
@@ -985,10 +985,14 @@ protected function resolveClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
         // the value of the dependency, similarly to how we do this with scalars.
         catch (BindingResolutionException $e) {
             if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
+                array_pop($this->with);
+
                 return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
             }
 
             if ($parameter->isVariadic()) {
+                array_pop($this->with);
+
                 return [];
             }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Container/ContextualBindingBuilder.php b/src/Illuminate/Container/ContextualBindingBuilder.php
index 5da6ccab388b..1d15dcd3da6a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Container/ContextualBindingBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Container/ContextualBindingBuilder.php
@@ -81,4 +81,18 @@ public function giveTagged($tag)
             return is_array($taggedServices) ? $taggedServices : iterator_to_array($taggedServices);
         });
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Specify the configuration item to bind as a primitive.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $key
+     * @param  ?string  $default
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function giveConfig($key, $default = null)
+    {
+        $this->give(function ($container) use ($key, $default) {
+            return $container->get('config')->get($key, $default);
+        });
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Cache/Lock.php b/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Cache/Lock.php
index 4f98d68d9301..03f633a07a21 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Cache/Lock.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Cache/Lock.php
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ public function get($callback = null);
      *
      * @param  int  $seconds
      * @param  callable|null  $callback
-     * @return bool
+     * @return mixed
      */
     public function block($seconds, $callback = null);
 
     /**
      * Release the lock.
      *
-     * @return void
+     * @return bool
      */
     public function release();
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Events/Dispatcher.php b/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Events/Dispatcher.php
index 21be95da0ff9..638610698e68 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Events/Dispatcher.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Events/Dispatcher.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ interface Dispatcher
      * Register an event listener with the dispatcher.
      *
      * @param  \Closure|string|array  $events
-     * @param  \Closure|string|null  $listener
+     * @param  \Closure|string|array|null  $listener
      * @return void
      */
     public function listen($events, $listener = null);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Queue/ShouldBeEncrypted.php b/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Queue/ShouldBeEncrypted.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..374df8998a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Queue/ShouldBeEncrypted.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Queue;
+
+interface ShouldBeEncrypted
+{
+    //
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Cookie/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Cookie/composer.json
index 395a291d9938..d90265905a02 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Cookie/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Cookie/composer.json
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
         "illuminate/contracts": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/macroable": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/BuildsQueries.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/BuildsQueries.php
index 6a39b4cb8fc4..34af0405e723 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/BuildsQueries.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/BuildsQueries.php
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Database\Concerns;
 
 use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException;
+use Illuminate\Database\RecordsNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 
 trait BuildsQueries
 {
@@ -48,6 +51,26 @@ public function chunk($count, callable $callback)
         return true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Run a map over each item while chunking.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @param  int  $count
+     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
+     */
+    public function chunkMap(callable $callback, $count = 1000)
+    {
+        $collection = Collection::make();
+
+        $this->chunk($count, function ($items) use ($collection, $callback) {
+            $items->each(function ($item) use ($collection, $callback) {
+                $collection->push($callback($item));
+            });
+        });
+
+        return $collection;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Execute a callback over each item while chunking.
      *
@@ -147,6 +170,30 @@ public function first($columns = ['*'])
         return $this->take(1)->get($columns)->first();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Execute the query and get the first result if it's the sole matching record.
+     *
+     * @param  array|string  $columns
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|object|static|null
+     *
+     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\RecordsNotFoundException
+     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException
+     */
+    public function sole($columns = ['*'])
+    {
+        $result = $this->take(2)->get($columns);
+
+        if ($result->isEmpty()) {
+            throw new RecordsNotFoundException;
+        }
+
+        if ($result->count() > 1) {
+            throw new MultipleRecordsFoundException;
+        }
+
+        return $result->first();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Apply the callback's query changes if the given "value" is true.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/ManagesTransactions.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/ManagesTransactions.php
index 1dd4475290d6..d37c4a3dfb96 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/ManagesTransactions.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Concerns/ManagesTransactions.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Database\Concerns;
 
 use Closure;
+use RuntimeException;
 use Throwable;
 
 trait ManagesTransactions
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ public function transaction(Closure $callback, $attempts = 1)
             try {
                 if ($this->transactions == 1) {
                     $this->getPdo()->commit();
+
+                    optional($this->transactionsManager)->commit($this->getName());
                 }
 
                 $this->transactions = max(0, $this->transactions - 1);
@@ -78,6 +81,10 @@ protected function handleTransactionException(Throwable $e, $currentAttempt, $ma
             $this->transactions > 1) {
             $this->transactions--;
 
+            optional($this->transactionsManager)->rollback(
+                $this->getName(), $this->transactions
+            );
+
             throw $e;
         }
 
@@ -107,6 +114,10 @@ public function beginTransaction()
 
         $this->transactions++;
 
+        optional($this->transactionsManager)->begin(
+            $this->getName(), $this->transactions
+        );
+
         $this->fireConnectionEvent('beganTransaction');
     }
 
@@ -176,6 +187,8 @@ public function commit()
     {
         if ($this->transactions == 1) {
             $this->getPdo()->commit();
+
+            optional($this->transactionsManager)->commit($this->getName());
         }
 
         $this->transactions = max(0, $this->transactions - 1);
@@ -241,6 +254,10 @@ public function rollBack($toLevel = null)
 
         $this->transactions = $toLevel;
 
+        optional($this->transactionsManager)->rollback(
+            $this->getName(), $this->transactions
+        );
+
         $this->fireConnectionEvent('rollingBack');
     }
 
@@ -275,6 +292,10 @@ protected function handleRollBackException(Throwable $e)
     {
         if ($this->causedByLostConnection($e)) {
             $this->transactions = 0;
+
+            optional($this->transactionsManager)->rollback(
+                $this->getName(), $this->transactions
+            );
         }
 
         throw $e;
@@ -289,4 +310,19 @@ public function transactionLevel()
     {
         return $this->transactions;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the callback after a transaction commits.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function afterCommit($callback)
+    {
+        if ($this->transactionsManager) {
+            return $this->transactionsManager->addCallback($callback);
+        }
+
+        throw new RuntimeException('Transactions Manager has not been set.');
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Connection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Connection.php
index 98f12639713e..b4fa6d4c3a0d 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Connection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Connection.php
@@ -112,6 +112,13 @@ class Connection implements ConnectionInterface
      */
     protected $transactions = 0;
 
+    /**
+     * The transaction manager instance.
+     *
+     * @var \Illuminate\Database\DatabaseTransactionsManager
+     */
+    protected $transactionsManager;
+
     /**
      * Indicates if changes have been made to the database.
      *
@@ -1151,6 +1158,29 @@ public function unsetEventDispatcher()
         $this->events = null;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Set the transaction manager instance on the connection.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\DatabaseTransactionsManager  $manager
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function setTransactionManager($manager)
+    {
+        $this->transactionsManager = $manager;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unset the transaction manager for this connection.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function unsetTransactionManager()
+    {
+        $this->transactionsManager = null;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Determine if the connection is in a "dry run".
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DbCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DbCommand.php
index ee6633557017..9152d1dc844c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DbCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DbCommand.php
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public function commandEnvironment(array $connection)
     {
         $driver = ucfirst($connection['driver']);
 
-        if (method_exists($this, "get{$driver}Env")) {
+        if (method_exists($this, "get{$driver}Environment")) {
             return $this->{"get{$driver}Environment"}($connection);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DumpCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DumpCommand.php
index 4cb26bde3c3b..fe73fb2af033 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DumpCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Console/DumpCommand.php
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ class DumpCommand extends Command
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
      *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\ConnectionResolverInterface  $connections
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher  $dispatcher
      * @return int
      */
     public function handle(ConnectionResolverInterface $connections, Dispatcher $dispatcher)
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ public function handle(ConnectionResolverInterface $connections, Dispatcher $dis
     protected function schemaState(Connection $connection)
     {
         return $connection->getSchemaState()
-                ->withMigrationTable(Config::get('database.migrations', 'migrations'))
+                ->withMigrationTable($connection->getTablePrefix().Config::get('database.migrations', 'migrations'))
                 ->handleOutputUsing(function ($type, $buffer) {
                     $this->output->write($buffer);
                 });
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/DBAL/TimestampType.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/DBAL/TimestampType.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0ab733cfe520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/DBAL/TimestampType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database\DBAL;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
+
+class TimestampType extends Type
+{
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    public function getSQLDeclaration(array $fieldDeclaration, AbstractPlatform $platform)
+    {
+        $name = $platform->getName();
+
+        switch ($name) {
+            case 'mysql':
+            case 'mysql2':
+                return $this->getMySqlPlatformSQLDeclaration($fieldDeclaration);
+
+            case 'postgresql':
+            case 'pgsql':
+            case 'postgres':
+                return $this->getPostgresPlatformSQLDeclaration($fieldDeclaration);
+
+            case 'mssql':
+                return $this->getSqlServerPlatformSQLDeclaration($fieldDeclaration);
+
+            case 'sqlite':
+            case 'sqlite3':
+                return $this->getSQLitePlatformSQLDeclaration($fieldDeclaration);
+
+            default:
+                throw new DBALException('Invalid platform: '.$name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the SQL declaration for MySQL.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $fieldDeclaration
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function getMySqlPlatformSQLDeclaration(array $fieldDeclaration)
+    {
+        $columnType = 'TIMESTAMP';
+
+        if ($fieldDeclaration['precision']) {
+            $columnType = 'TIMESTAMP('.$fieldDeclaration['precision'].')';
+        }
+
+        $notNull = $fieldDeclaration['notnull'] ?? false;
+
+        if (! $notNull) {
+            return $columnType.' NULL';
+        }
+
+        return $columnType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the SQL declaration for PostgreSQL.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $fieldDeclaration
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function getPostgresPlatformSQLDeclaration(array $fieldDeclaration)
+    {
+        return 'TIMESTAMP('.(int) $fieldDeclaration['precision'].')';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the SQL declaration for SQL Server.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $fieldDeclaration
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function getSqlServerPlatformSQLDeclaration(array $fieldDeclaration)
+    {
+        return $fieldDeclaration['precision'] ?? false
+                    ? 'DATETIME2('.$fieldDeclaration['precision'].')'
+                    : 'DATETIME';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the SQL declaration for SQLite.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $fieldDeclaration
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function getSQLitePlatformSQLDeclaration(array $fieldDeclaration)
+    {
+        return 'DATETIME';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    public function getName()
+    {
+        return 'timestamp';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseManager.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseManager.php
index d558d1665fc8..7f8fdf921fb3 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseManager.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseManager.php
@@ -174,6 +174,10 @@ protected function configure(Connection $connection, $type)
             $connection->setEventDispatcher($this->app['events']);
         }
 
+        if ($this->app->bound('db.transactions')) {
+            $connection->setTransactionManager($this->app['db.transactions']);
+        }
+
         // Here we'll set a reconnector callback. This reconnector can be any callable
         // so we will set a Closure to reconnect from this manager with the name of
         // the connection, which will allow us to reconnect from the connections.
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseServiceProvider.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseServiceProvider.php
index f64f8f2683d5..9f2ab18503e1 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseServiceProvider.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseServiceProvider.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Database;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 use Faker\Factory as FakerFactory;
 use Faker\Generator as FakerGenerator;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\EntityResolver;
@@ -41,10 +42,9 @@ public function register()
         Model::clearBootedModels();
 
         $this->registerConnectionServices();
-
         $this->registerEloquentFactory();
-
         $this->registerQueueableEntityResolver();
+        $this->registerDoctrineTypes();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ protected function registerConnectionServices()
         $this->app->bind('db.connection', function ($app) {
             return $app['db']->connection();
         });
+
+        $this->app->singleton('db.transactions', function ($app) {
+            return new DatabaseTransactionsManager;
+        });
     }
 
     /**
@@ -104,4 +108,24 @@ protected function registerQueueableEntityResolver()
             return new QueueEntityResolver;
         });
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Register custom types with the Doctrine DBAL library.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function registerDoctrineTypes()
+    {
+        if (! class_exists(Type::class)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $types = $this->app['config']->get('database.dbal.types', []);
+
+        foreach ($types as $name => $class) {
+            if (! Type::hasType($name)) {
+                Type::addType($name, $class);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseTransactionRecord.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseTransactionRecord.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..3259552dcfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseTransactionRecord.php
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database;
+
+class DatabaseTransactionRecord
+{
+    /**
+     * The name of the database connection.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    public $connection;
+
+    /**
+     * The transaction level.
+     *
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $level;
+
+    /**
+     * The callbacks that should be executed after committing.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $callbacks = [];
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new database transaction record instance.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $connection
+     * @param  int  $level
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct($connection, $level)
+    {
+        $this->connection = $connection;
+        $this->level = $level;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a callback to be executed after committing.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addCallback($callback)
+    {
+        $this->callbacks[] = $callback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute all of the callbacks.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function executeCallbacks()
+    {
+        foreach ($this->callbacks as $callback) {
+            call_user_func($callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all of the callbacks.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function getCallbacks()
+    {
+        return $this->callbacks;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseTransactionsManager.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseTransactionsManager.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..156514de6020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/DatabaseTransactionsManager.php
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database;
+
+class DatabaseTransactionsManager
+{
+    /**
+     * All of the recorded transactions.
+     *
+     * @var \Illuminate\Support\Collection
+     */
+    protected $transactions;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new database transactions manager instance.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->transactions = collect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a new database transaction.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $connection
+     * @param  int  $level
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function begin($connection, $level)
+    {
+        $this->transactions->push(
+            new DatabaseTransactionRecord($connection, $level)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rollback the active database transaction.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $connection
+     * @param  int  $level
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function rollback($connection, $level)
+    {
+        $this->transactions = $this->transactions->reject(function ($transaction) use ($connection, $level) {
+            return $transaction->connection == $connection &&
+                   $transaction->level > $level;
+        })->values();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Commit the active database transaction.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $connection
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function commit($connection)
+    {
+        $this->transactions = $this->transactions->reject(function ($transaction) use ($connection) {
+            if ($transaction->connection == $connection) {
+                $transaction->executeCallbacks();
+
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        })->values();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a transaction callback.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function addCallback($callback)
+    {
+        if ($current = $this->transactions->last()) {
+            return $current->addCallback($callback);
+        }
+
+        call_user_func($callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the transactions.
+     *
+     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
+     */
+    public function getTransactions()
+    {
+        return $this->transactions;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/DetectsLostConnections.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/DetectsLostConnections.php
index c214c0396c84..1ecfc96140f4 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/DetectsLostConnections.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/DetectsLostConnections.php
@@ -44,9 +44,12 @@ protected function causedByLostConnection(Throwable $e)
             'running with the --read-only option so it cannot execute this statement',
             'The connection is broken and recovery is not possible. The connection is marked by the client driver as unrecoverable. No attempt was made to restore the connection.',
             'SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] php_network_getaddresses: getaddrinfo failed: Try again',
+            'SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] php_network_getaddresses: getaddrinfo failed: Name or service not known',
             'SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 7 SSL SYSCALL error: EOF detected',
             'SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Connection timed out',
             'SSL: Connection timed out',
+            'SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1105 The last transaction was aborted due to Seamless Scaling. Please retry.',
+            'Temporary failure in name resolution',
         ]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php
index d3f1f96a8c13..ca84d06cdbc1 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Relation;
 use Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder as QueryBuilder;
+use Illuminate\Database\RecordsNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
@@ -25,7 +26,10 @@
  */
 class Builder
 {
-    use BuildsQueries, Concerns\QueriesRelationships, ExplainsQueries, ForwardsCalls;
+    use Concerns\QueriesRelationships, ExplainsQueries, ForwardsCalls;
+    use BuildsQueries {
+        sole as baseSole;
+    }
 
     /**
      * The base query builder instance.
@@ -75,8 +79,25 @@ class Builder
      * @var string[]
      */
     protected $passthru = [
-        'insert', 'insertOrIgnore', 'insertGetId', 'insertUsing', 'getBindings', 'toSql', 'dump', 'dd',
-        'exists', 'doesntExist', 'count', 'min', 'max', 'avg', 'average', 'sum', 'getConnection', 'raw', 'getGrammar',
+        'average',
+        'avg',
+        'count',
+        'dd',
+        'doesntExist',
+        'dump',
+        'exists',
+        'getBindings',
+        'getConnection',
+        'getGrammar',
+        'insert',
+        'insertGetId',
+        'insertOrIgnore',
+        'insertUsing',
+        'max',
+        'min',
+        'raw',
+        'sum',
+        'toSql',
     ];
 
     /**
@@ -504,6 +525,24 @@ public function firstOr($columns = ['*'], Closure $callback = null)
         return $callback();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Execute the query and get the first result if it's the sole matching record.
+     *
+     * @param  array|string  $columns
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
+     *
+     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException
+     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException
+     */
+    public function sole($columns = ['*'])
+    {
+        try {
+            return $this->baseSole($columns);
+        } catch (RecordsNotFoundException $exception) {
+            throw (new ModelNotFoundException)->setModel(get_class($this->model));
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get a single column's value from the first result of a query.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/ArrayObject.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/ArrayObject.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..596ed836006b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/ArrayObject.php
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts;
+
+use ArrayObject as BaseArrayObject;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
+use JsonSerializable;
+
+class ArrayObject extends BaseArrayObject implements Arrayable, JsonSerializable
+{
+    /**
+     * Get a collection containing the underlying array.
+     *
+     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
+     */
+    public function collect()
+    {
+        return collect($this->getArrayCopy());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the instance as an array.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function toArray()
+    {
+        return $this->getArrayCopy();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the array that should be JSON serialized.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function jsonSerialize()
+    {
+        return $this->getArrayCopy();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsArrayObject.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsArrayObject.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8d950e2daff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsArrayObject.php
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\Castable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsAttributes;
+
+class AsArrayObject implements Castable
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the caster class to use when casting from / to this cast target.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $arguments
+     * @return object|string
+     */
+    public static function castUsing(array $arguments)
+    {
+        return new class implements CastsAttributes {
+            public function get($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return new ArrayObject(json_decode($attributes[$key], true));
+            }
+
+            public function set($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return [$key => json_encode($value)];
+            }
+
+            public function serialize($model, string $key, $value, array $attributes)
+            {
+                return $value->getArrayCopy();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsCollection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsCollection.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e96834f6e4d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsCollection.php
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\Castable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsAttributes;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+
+class AsCollection implements Castable
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the caster class to use when casting from / to this cast target.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $arguments
+     * @return object|string
+     */
+    public static function castUsing(array $arguments)
+    {
+        return new class implements CastsAttributes {
+            public function get($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return new Collection(json_decode($attributes[$key], true));
+            }
+
+            public function set($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return [$key => json_encode($value)];
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsEncryptedArrayObject.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsEncryptedArrayObject.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b14fa8123e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsEncryptedArrayObject.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\Castable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsAttributes;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt;
+
+class AsEncryptedArrayObject implements Castable
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the caster class to use when casting from / to this cast target.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $arguments
+     * @return object|string
+     */
+    public static function castUsing(array $arguments)
+    {
+        return new class implements CastsAttributes {
+            public function get($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return new ArrayObject(json_decode(Crypt::decryptString($attributes[$key]), true));
+            }
+
+            public function set($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return [$key => Crypt::encryptString(json_encode($value))];
+            }
+
+            public function serialize($model, string $key, $value, array $attributes)
+            {
+                return $value->getArrayCopy();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsEncryptedCollection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsEncryptedCollection.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb4f288d4196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Casts/AsEncryptedCollection.php
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\Castable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsAttributes;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt;
+
+class AsEncryptedCollection implements Castable
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the caster class to use when casting from / to this cast target.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $arguments
+     * @return object|string
+     */
+    public static function castUsing(array $arguments)
+    {
+        return new class implements CastsAttributes {
+            public function get($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return new Collection(json_decode(Crypt::decryptString($attributes[$key]), true));
+            }
+
+            public function set($model, $key, $value, $attributes)
+            {
+                return [$key => Crypt::encryptString(json_encode($value))];
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/GuardsAttributes.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/GuardsAttributes.php
index 9cbee56764ea..60b510cede60 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/GuardsAttributes.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/GuardsAttributes.php
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public static function reguard()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if current state is "unguarded".
+     * Determine if the current state is "unguarded".
      *
      * @return bool
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php
index 2a3ec0ee477b..459b14c73399 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php
@@ -514,11 +514,13 @@ protected function mutateAttributeForArray($key, $value)
      * Merge new casts with existing casts on the model.
      *
      * @param  array  $casts
-     * @return void
+     * @return $this
      */
     public function mergeCasts($casts)
     {
         $this->casts = array_merge($this->casts, $casts);
+
+        return $this;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -777,10 +779,14 @@ public function fillJsonAttribute($key, $value)
     {
         [$key, $path] = explode('->', $key, 2);
 
-        $this->attributes[$key] = $this->asJson($this->getArrayAttributeWithValue(
+        $value = $this->asJson($this->getArrayAttributeWithValue(
             $path, $key, $value
         ));
 
+        $this->attributes[$key] = $this->isEncryptedCastable($key)
+                    ? $this->castAttributeAsEncryptedString($key, $value)
+                    : $value;
+
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -842,8 +848,15 @@ protected function getArrayAttributeWithValue($path, $key, $value)
      */
     protected function getArrayAttributeByKey($key)
     {
-        return isset($this->attributes[$key]) ?
-                    $this->fromJson($this->attributes[$key]) : [];
+        if (! isset($this->attributes[$key])) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return $this->fromJson(
+            $this->isEncryptedCastable($key)
+                    ? $this->fromEncryptedString($this->attributes[$key])
+                    : $this->attributes[$key]
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1512,7 +1525,7 @@ protected function hasChanges($changes, $attributes = null)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the attributes that have been changed since last sync.
+     * Get the attributes that have been changed since the last sync.
      *
      * @return array
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasRelationships.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasRelationships.php
index 049f3b294365..5262d4305273 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasRelationships.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasRelationships.php
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ public function morphTo($name = null, $type = null, $id = null, $ownerKey = null
         // If the type value is null it is probably safe to assume we're eager loading
         // the relationship. In this case we'll just pass in a dummy query where we
         // need to remove any eager loads that may already be defined on a model.
-        return empty($class = $this->{$type})
+        return is_null($class = $this->getAttributeFromArray($type)) || $class === ''
                     ? $this->morphEagerTo($name, $type, $id, $ownerKey)
                     : $this->morphInstanceTo($class, $name, $type, $id, $ownerKey);
     }
@@ -731,10 +731,6 @@ public function getMorphClass()
             return array_search(static::class, $morphMap, true);
         }
 
-        if (Relation::$tableNameAsMorphType) {
-            return $this->getTable();
-        }
-
         return static::class;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasTimestamps.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasTimestamps.php
index 3ede9eb66031..13ebd31744cd 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasTimestamps.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasTimestamps.php
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public function getUpdatedAtColumn()
     /**
      * Get the fully qualified "created at" column.
      *
-     * @return string
+     * @return string|null
      */
     public function getQualifiedCreatedAtColumn()
     {
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public function getQualifiedCreatedAtColumn()
     /**
      * Get the fully qualified "updated at" column.
      *
-     * @return string
+     * @return string|null
      */
     public function getQualifiedUpdatedAtColumn()
     {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php
index 065e1b4fbcd7..4fbc2f90ebd1 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/QueriesRelationships.php
@@ -383,8 +383,12 @@ public function withAggregate($relations, $column, $function = null)
             $relation = $this->getRelationWithoutConstraints($name);
 
             if ($function) {
+                $hashedColumn = $this->getQuery()->from === $relation->getQuery()->getQuery()->from
+                                            ? "{$relation->getRelationCountHash(false)}.$column"
+                                            : $column;
+
                 $expression = sprintf('%s(%s)', $function, $this->getQuery()->getGrammar()->wrap(
-                    $column === '*' ? $column : $relation->getRelated()->qualifyColumn($column)
+                    $column === '*' ? $column : $relation->getRelated()->qualifyColumn($hashedColumn)
                 ));
             } else {
                 $expression = $column;
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToManyRelationship.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToManyRelationship.php
index 6395b28e02a2..e0c42c4c642b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToManyRelationship.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToManyRelationship.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class BelongsToManyRelationship
     /**
      * The related factory instance.
      *
-     * @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory
+     * @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory|\Illuminate\Support\Collection|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
      */
     protected $factory;
 
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ class BelongsToManyRelationship
     /**
      * Create a new attached relationship definition.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory  $factory
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory|\Illuminate\Support\Collection|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $factory
      * @param  callable|array  $pivot
      * @param  string  $relationship
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Factory $factory, $pivot, $relationship)
+    public function __construct($factory, $pivot, $relationship)
     {
         $this->factory = $factory;
         $this->pivot = $pivot;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public function __construct(Factory $factory, $pivot, $relationship)
      */
     public function createFor(Model $model)
     {
-        Collection::wrap($this->factory->create([], $model))->each(function ($attachable) use ($model) {
+        Collection::wrap($this->factory instanceof Factory ? $this->factory->create([], $model) : $this->factory)->each(function ($attachable) use ($model) {
             $model->{$this->relationship}()->attach(
                 $attachable,
                 is_callable($this->pivot) ? call_user_func($this->pivot, $model) : $this->pivot
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToRelationship.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToRelationship.php
index 1a4ceb3c0d0b..55747fdc6488 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToRelationship.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/BelongsToRelationship.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class BelongsToRelationship
     /**
      * The related factory instance.
      *
-     * @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory
+     * @var \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
      */
     protected $factory;
 
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ class BelongsToRelationship
     /**
      * Create a new "belongs to" relationship definition.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory  $factory
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $factory
      * @param  string  $relationship
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Factory $factory, $relationship)
+    public function __construct($factory, $relationship)
     {
         $this->factory = $factory;
         $this->relationship = $relationship;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public function attributesFor(Model $model)
         $relationship = $model->{$this->relationship}();
 
         return $relationship instanceof MorphTo ? [
-            $relationship->getMorphType() => $this->factory->newModel()->getMorphClass(),
+            $relationship->getMorphType() => $this->factory instanceof Factory ? $this->factory->newModel()->getMorphClass() : $this->factory->getMorphClass(),
             $relationship->getForeignKeyName() => $this->resolver($relationship->getOwnerKeyName()),
         ] : [
             $relationship->getForeignKeyName() => $this->resolver($relationship->getOwnerKeyName()),
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ protected function resolver($key)
     {
         return function () use ($key) {
             if (! $this->resolved) {
-                $instance = $this->factory->create();
+                $instance = $this->factory instanceof Factory ? $this->factory->create() : $this->factory;
 
                 return $this->resolved = $key ? $instance->{$key} : $instance->getKey();
             }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Factory.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Factory.php
index e719683b70e2..6a890646c623 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Factory.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Factory.php
@@ -5,17 +5,20 @@
 use Closure;
 use Faker\Generator;
 use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection as EloquentCollection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\ForwardsCalls;
+use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Macroable;
 use Throwable;
 
 abstract class Factory
 {
-    use ForwardsCalls;
+    use ForwardsCalls, Macroable {
+        __call as macroCall;
+    }
 
     /**
      * The name of the factory's corresponding model.
@@ -105,12 +108,12 @@ abstract class Factory
      * Create a new factory instance.
      *
      * @param  int|null  $count
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection  $states
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection  $has
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection  $for
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection  $afterMaking
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection  $afterCreating
-     * @param  string  $connection
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|null  $states
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|null  $has
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|null  $for
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|null  $afterMaking
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|null  $afterCreating
+     * @param  string|null  $connection
      * @return void
      */
     public function __construct($count = null,
@@ -481,18 +484,22 @@ protected function guessRelationship(string $related)
     /**
      * Define an attached relationship for the model.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory  $factory
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory|\Illuminate\Support\Collection|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $factory
      * @param  callable|array  $pivot
      * @param  string|null  $relationship
      * @return static
      */
-    public function hasAttached(self $factory, $pivot = [], $relationship = null)
+    public function hasAttached($factory, $pivot = [], $relationship = null)
     {
         return $this->newInstance([
             'has' => $this->has->concat([new BelongsToManyRelationship(
                 $factory,
                 $pivot,
-                $relationship ?: Str::camel(Str::plural(class_basename($factory->modelName())))
+                $relationship ?: Str::camel(Str::plural(class_basename(
+                    $factory instanceof Factory
+                        ? $factory->modelName()
+                        : Collection::wrap($factory)->first()
+                )))
             )]),
         ]);
     }
@@ -500,15 +507,17 @@ public function hasAttached(self $factory, $pivot = [], $relationship = null)
     /**
      * Define a parent relationship for the model.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory  $factory
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model  $factory
      * @param  string|null  $relationship
      * @return static
      */
-    public function for(self $factory, $relationship = null)
+    public function for($factory, $relationship = null)
     {
         return $this->newInstance(['for' => $this->for->concat([new BelongsToRelationship(
             $factory,
-            $relationship ?: Str::camel(class_basename($factory->modelName()))
+            $relationship ?: Str::camel(class_basename(
+                $factory instanceof Factory ? $factory->modelName() : $factory
+            ))
         )])]);
     }
 
@@ -741,6 +750,10 @@ protected static function appNamespace()
      */
     public function __call($method, $parameters)
     {
+        if (static::hasMacro($method)) {
+            return $this->macroCall($method, $parameters);
+        }
+
         if (! Str::startsWith($method, ['for', 'has'])) {
             static::throwBadMethodCallException($method);
         }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Sequence.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Sequence.php
index 20c0f3357c68..545a248f6362 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Sequence.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Factories/Sequence.php
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public function __invoke()
             $this->index = 0;
         }
 
-        return tap($this->sequence[$this->index], function () {
+        return tap(value($this->sequence[$this->index]), function () {
             $this->index = $this->index + 1;
         });
     }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
index 528f9ca497a0..575148909050 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model.php
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ public function delete()
     /**
      * Force a hard delete on a soft deleted model.
      *
-     * This method protects developers from running forceDelete when trait is missing.
+     * This method protects developers from running forceDelete when the trait is missing.
      *
      * @return bool|null
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/ModelNotFoundException.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/ModelNotFoundException.php
index 2795b934bb74..c35598bdbf46 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/ModelNotFoundException.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/ModelNotFoundException.php
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent;
 
+use Illuminate\Database\RecordsNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
-use RuntimeException;
 
-class ModelNotFoundException extends RuntimeException
+class ModelNotFoundException extends RecordsNotFoundException
 {
     /**
      * Name of the affected Eloquent model.
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsTo.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsTo.php
index 664f2b8e8049..ce7ba4421973 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsTo.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsTo.php
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ class BelongsTo extends Relation
      */
     protected $relationName;
 
-    /**
-     * The count of self joins.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected static $selfJoinCount = 0;
-
     /**
      * Create a new belongs to relationship instance.
      *
@@ -279,16 +272,6 @@ public function getRelationExistenceQueryForSelfRelation(Builder $query, Builder
         );
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get a relationship join table hash.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function getRelationCountHash()
-    {
-        return 'laravel_reserved_'.static::$selfJoinCount++;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Determine if the related model has an auto-incrementing ID.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php
index b54340ec2559..9e7ed7a53a66 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/BelongsToMany.php
@@ -127,13 +127,6 @@ class BelongsToMany extends Relation
      */
     protected $accessor = 'pivot';
 
-    /**
-     * The count of self joins.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected static $selfJoinCount = 0;
-
     /**
      * Create a new belongs to many relationship instance.
      *
@@ -564,7 +557,19 @@ public function orWherePivotNotNull($column)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Find a related model by its primary key or return new instance of the related model.
+     * Add an "order by" clause for a pivot table column.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $column
+     * @param  string  $direction
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function orderByPivot($column, $direction = 'asc')
+    {
+        return $this->orderBy($this->qualifyPivotColumn($column), $direction);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a related model by its primary key or return a new instance of the related model.
      *
      * @param  mixed  $id
      * @param  array  $columns
@@ -1167,16 +1172,6 @@ public function getExistenceCompareKey()
         return $this->getQualifiedForeignPivotKeyName();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get a relationship join table hash.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function getRelationCountHash()
-    {
-        return 'laravel_reserved_'.static::$selfJoinCount++;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Specify that the pivot table has creation and update timestamps.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Concerns/InteractsWithPivotTable.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Concerns/InteractsWithPivotTable.php
index 19bf0aee426d..117eed2f8aeb 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Concerns/InteractsWithPivotTable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Concerns/InteractsWithPivotTable.php
@@ -123,6 +123,21 @@ public function sync($ids, $detaching = true)
         return $changes;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Sync the intermediate tables with a list of IDs or collection of models with the given pivot values.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|array  $ids
+     * @param  array  $values
+     * @param  bool  $detaching
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function syncWithPivotValues($ids, array $values, bool $detaching = true)
+    {
+        return $this->sync(collect($this->parseIds($ids))->mapWithKeys(function ($id) use ($values) {
+            return [$id => $values];
+        }), $detaching);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Format the sync / toggle record list so that it is keyed by ID.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php
index b0b568b25f01..6285cf230b7f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasManyThrough.php
@@ -53,13 +53,6 @@ class HasManyThrough extends Relation
      */
     protected $secondLocalKey;
 
-    /**
-     * The count of self joins.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected static $selfJoinCount = 0;
-
     /**
      * Create a new has many through relationship instance.
      *
@@ -596,16 +589,6 @@ public function getRelationExistenceQueryForThroughSelfRelation(Builder $query,
         );
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get a relationship join table hash.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function getRelationCountHash()
-    {
-        return 'laravel_reserved_'.static::$selfJoinCount++;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the qualified foreign key on the related model.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasOneOrMany.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasOneOrMany.php
index acff8314640e..f09133c8bf6c 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasOneOrMany.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/HasOneOrMany.php
@@ -22,13 +22,6 @@ abstract class HasOneOrMany extends Relation
      */
     protected $localKey;
 
-    /**
-     * The count of self joins.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected static $selfJoinCount = 0;
-
     /**
      * Create a new has one or many relationship instance.
      *
@@ -60,7 +53,7 @@ public function make(array $attributes = [])
     }
 
     /**
-     * Create and return an un-saved instances of the related models.
+     * Create and return an un-saved instance of the related models.
      *
      * @param  iterable  $records
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection
@@ -189,7 +182,7 @@ protected function buildDictionary(Collection $results)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Find a model by its primary key or return new instance of the related model.
+     * Find a model by its primary key or return a new instance of the related model.
      *
      * @param  mixed  $id
      * @param  array  $columns
@@ -363,16 +356,6 @@ public function getRelationExistenceQueryForSelfRelation(Builder $query, Builder
         );
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Get a relationship join table hash.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function getRelationCountHash()
-    {
-        return 'laravel_reserved_'.static::$selfJoinCount++;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Get the key for comparing against the parent key in "has" query.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/MorphTo.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/MorphTo.php
index ebcba4d845b7..8a6c7a2cbca8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/MorphTo.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/MorphTo.php
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ protected function gatherKeysByType($type, $keyType)
                     ? array_keys($this->dictionary[$type])
                     : array_map(function ($modelId) {
                         return (string) $modelId;
-                    }, array_keys($this->dictionary[$type]));
+                    }, array_filter(array_keys($this->dictionary[$type])));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ protected function matchToMorphParents($type, Collection $results)
     public function associate($model)
     {
         $this->parent->setAttribute(
-            $this->foreignKey, $model instanceof Model ? $model->getKey() : null
+            $this->foreignKey, $model instanceof Model ? $model->{$this->ownerKey ?: $model->getKeyName()} : null
         );
 
         $this->parent->setAttribute(
@@ -324,9 +324,9 @@ public function morphWithCount(array $withCount)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Specify constraints on the query for a given morph types.
+     * Specify constraints on the query for a given morph type.
      *
-     * @param  array  $with
+     * @param  array  $callbacks
      * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\MorphTo
      */
     public function constrain(array $callbacks)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php
index 97ee55de772b..29131b275e3d 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Relations/Relation.php
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
+use Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Query\Expression;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\ForwardsCalls;
@@ -49,18 +51,18 @@ abstract class Relation
     protected static $constraints = true;
 
     /**
-     * An array to map class names to their morph names in database.
+     * An array to map class names to their morph names in the database.
      *
      * @var array
      */
     public static $morphMap = [];
 
     /**
-     * Indicates if the morph relation type should default to table name.
+     * The count of self joins.
      *
-     * @var bool
+     * @var int
      */
-    public static $tableNameAsMorphType = false;
+    protected static $selfJoinCount = 0;
 
     /**
      * Create a new relation instance.
@@ -151,6 +153,30 @@ public function getEager()
         return $this->get();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Execute the query and get the first result if it's the sole matching record.
+     *
+     * @param  array|string  $columns
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
+     *
+     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException
+     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException
+     */
+    public function sole($columns = ['*'])
+    {
+        $result = $this->take(2)->get($columns);
+
+        if ($result->isEmpty()) {
+            throw (new ModelNotFoundException)->setModel(get_class($this->related));
+        }
+
+        if ($result->count() > 1) {
+            throw new MultipleRecordsFoundException;
+        }
+
+        return $result->first();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Execute the query as a "select" statement.
      *
@@ -220,6 +246,17 @@ public function getRelationExistenceQuery(Builder $query, Builder $parentQuery,
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get a relationship join table hash.
+     *
+     * @param  bool  $incrementJoinCount
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function getRelationCountHash($incrementJoinCount = true)
+    {
+        return 'laravel_reserved_'.($incrementJoinCount ? static::$selfJoinCount++ : static::$selfJoinCount);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get all of the primary keys for an array of models.
      *
@@ -348,16 +385,6 @@ public static function morphMap(array $map = null, $merge = true)
         return static::$morphMap;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Specifies that the morph types should be table names.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function tableNameAsMorphType()
-    {
-        self::$tableNameAsMorphType = true;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Builds a table-keyed array from model class names.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Migrations/MigrationRepositoryInterface.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Migrations/MigrationRepositoryInterface.php
index 9d5a134409f0..840a5e1dfce1 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Migrations/MigrationRepositoryInterface.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Migrations/MigrationRepositoryInterface.php
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ interface MigrationRepositoryInterface
     public function getRan();
 
     /**
-     * Get list of migrations.
+     * Get the list of migrations.
      *
      * @param  int  $steps
      * @return array
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/MultipleRecordsFoundException.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/MultipleRecordsFoundException.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..cccb7e4177bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/MultipleRecordsFoundException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class MultipleRecordsFoundException extends RuntimeException
+{
+    //
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/Connection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/Connection.php
index 879b7587cf3a..c0d57a9f436d 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/Connection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/Connection.php
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public function commit()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Roll back a database transaction.
+     * Rollback a database transaction.
      *
      * @return void
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerConnection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerConnection.php
index 74d3cbfec25d..bbbb8b0b6972 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerConnection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerConnection.php
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public function commit()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Roll back a database transaction.
+     * Rollback a database transaction.
      *
      * @return void
      */
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ public function rollBack()
     /**
      * Wrap quotes around the given input.
      *
-     * @param  string  $input
-     * @param  string  $type
+     * @param  string  $value
+     * @param  int  $type
      * @return string
      */
     public function quote($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerDriver.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerDriver.php
index 47bead97bb8d..bbb3bbd32397 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerDriver.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/PDO/SqlServerDriver.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class SqlServerDriver extends AbstractSQLServerDriver
     public function connect(array $params)
     {
         return new SqlServerConnection(
-            new Connection($params)
+            new Connection($params['pdo'])
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/PostgresConnection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/PostgresConnection.php
index 23eda8aa67e2..5d68d1d665a7 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/PostgresConnection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/PostgresConnection.php
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Grammars\PostgresGrammar as SchemaGrammar;
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\PostgresBuilder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\PostgresSchemaState;
+use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
 use PDO;
 
 class PostgresConnection extends Connection
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php
index bdb09f71f892..710d0a3a568c 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Builder.php
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class Builder
     ];
 
     /**
-     * Whether use write pdo for select.
+     * Whether to use write pdo for the select.
      *
      * @var bool
      */
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ public function joinWhere($table, $first, $operator, $second, $type = 'inner')
     /**
      * Add a subquery join clause to the query.
      *
-     * @param  \Closure|\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|string  $query
+     * @param  \Closure|\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|string  $query
      * @param  string  $as
      * @param  \Closure|string  $first
      * @param  string|null  $operator
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ public function leftJoinWhere($table, $first, $operator, $second)
     /**
      * Add a subquery left join to the query.
      *
-     * @param  \Closure|\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|string  $query
+     * @param  \Closure|\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|string  $query
      * @param  string  $as
      * @param  \Closure|string  $first
      * @param  string|null  $operator
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ public function rightJoinWhere($table, $first, $operator, $second)
     /**
      * Add a subquery right join to the query.
      *
-     * @param  \Closure|\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|string  $query
+     * @param  \Closure|\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|string  $query
      * @param  string  $as
      * @param  \Closure|string  $first
      * @param  string|null  $operator
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ public function where($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and'
         );
 
         if (! $value instanceof Expression) {
-            $this->addBinding($value, 'where');
+            $this->addBinding($this->flattenValue($value), 'where');
         }
 
         return $this;
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ public function whereBetween($column, array $values, $boolean = 'and', $not = fa
 
         $this->wheres[] = compact('type', 'column', 'values', 'boolean', 'not');
 
-        $this->addBinding($this->cleanBindings($values), 'where');
+        $this->addBinding(array_slice($this->cleanBindings(Arr::flatten($values)), 0, 2), 'where');
 
         return $this;
     }
@@ -1244,6 +1244,8 @@ public function whereDate($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
             $value, $operator, func_num_args() === 2
         );
 
+        $value = $this->flattenValue($value);
+
         if ($value instanceof DateTimeInterface) {
             $value = $value->format('Y-m-d');
         }
@@ -1283,6 +1285,8 @@ public function whereTime($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
             $value, $operator, func_num_args() === 2
         );
 
+        $value = $this->flattenValue($value);
+
         if ($value instanceof DateTimeInterface) {
             $value = $value->format('H:i:s');
         }
@@ -1322,6 +1326,8 @@ public function whereDay($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
             $value, $operator, func_num_args() === 2
         );
 
+        $value = $this->flattenValue($value);
+
         if ($value instanceof DateTimeInterface) {
             $value = $value->format('d');
         }
@@ -1365,6 +1371,8 @@ public function whereMonth($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
             $value, $operator, func_num_args() === 2
         );
 
+        $value = $this->flattenValue($value);
+
         if ($value instanceof DateTimeInterface) {
             $value = $value->format('m');
         }
@@ -1408,6 +1416,8 @@ public function whereYear($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
             $value, $operator, func_num_args() === 2
         );
 
+        $value = $this->flattenValue($value);
+
         if ($value instanceof DateTimeInterface) {
             $value = $value->format('Y');
         }
@@ -1716,7 +1726,7 @@ public function whereJsonLength($column, $operator, $value = null, $boolean = 'a
         $this->wheres[] = compact('type', 'column', 'operator', 'value', 'boolean');
 
         if (! $value instanceof Expression) {
-            $this->addBinding($value);
+            $this->addBinding((int) $this->flattenValue($value));
         }
 
         return $this;
@@ -1865,7 +1875,7 @@ public function having($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and
         $this->havings[] = compact('type', 'column', 'operator', 'value', 'boolean');
 
         if (! $value instanceof Expression) {
-            $this->addBinding($value, 'having');
+            $this->addBinding($this->flattenValue($value), 'having');
         }
 
         return $this;
@@ -1903,7 +1913,7 @@ public function havingBetween($column, array $values, $boolean = 'and', $not = f
 
         $this->havings[] = compact('type', 'column', 'values', 'boolean', 'not');
 
-        $this->addBinding($this->cleanBindings($values), 'having');
+        $this->addBinding(array_slice($this->cleanBindings(Arr::flatten($values)), 0, 2), 'having');
 
         return $this;
     }
@@ -3168,6 +3178,17 @@ public function cleanBindings(array $bindings)
         }));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get a scalar type value from an unknown type of input.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed  $value
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function flattenValue($value)
+    {
+        return is_array($value) ? head(Arr::flatten($value)) : $value;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the default key name of the table.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/Grammar.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/Grammar.php
index 8b0a3b311b78..b7305e8ea382 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/Grammar.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/Grammar.php
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ protected function dateBasedWhere($type, Builder $query, $where)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Compile a where clause comparing two columns..
+     * Compile a where clause comparing two columns.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder  $query
      * @param  array  $where
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php
index 801033047608..17b1aff01347 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Query/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ class MySqlGrammar extends Grammar
     /**
      * Add a "where null" clause to the query.
      *
-     * @param  string|array  $columns
-     * @param  string  $boolean
-     * @param  bool  $not
-     * @return $this
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder  $query
+     * @param  array  $where
+     * @return string
      */
     protected function whereNull(Builder $query, $where)
     {
@@ -36,9 +35,9 @@ protected function whereNull(Builder $query, $where)
     /**
      * Add a "where not null" clause to the query.
      *
-     * @param  string|array  $columns
-     * @param  string  $boolean
-     * @return $this
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder  $query
+     * @param  array  $where
+     * @return string
      */
     protected function whereNotNull(Builder $query, $where)
     {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/RecordsNotFoundException.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/RecordsNotFoundException.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..3e0d9557581d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/RecordsNotFoundException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Database;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class RecordsNotFoundException extends RuntimeException
+{
+    //
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Blueprint.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Blueprint.php
index 36dfbb7597b6..622659995410 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Blueprint.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Blueprint.php
@@ -71,6 +71,13 @@ class Blueprint
      */
     public $temporary = false;
 
+    /**
+     * The column to add new columns after.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    public $after;
+
     /**
      * Create a new schema blueprint.
      *
@@ -836,14 +843,12 @@ public function unsignedBigInteger($column, $autoIncrement = false)
      */
     public function foreignId($column)
     {
-        $this->columns[] = $column = new ForeignIdColumnDefinition($this, [
+        return $this->addColumnDefinition(new ForeignIdColumnDefinition($this, [
             'type' => 'bigInteger',
             'name' => $column,
             'autoIncrement' => false,
             'unsigned' => true,
-        ]);
-
-        return $column;
+        ]));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1189,10 +1194,10 @@ public function uuid($column)
      */
     public function foreignUuid($column)
     {
-        return $this->columns[] = new ForeignIdColumnDefinition($this, [
+        return $this->addColumnDefinition(new ForeignIdColumnDefinition($this, [
             'type' => 'uuid',
             'name' => $column,
-        ]);
+        ]));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1504,11 +1509,44 @@ protected function createIndexName($type, array $columns)
      */
     public function addColumn($type, $name, array $parameters = [])
     {
-        $this->columns[] = $column = new ColumnDefinition(
+        return $this->addColumnDefinition(new ColumnDefinition(
             array_merge(compact('type', 'name'), $parameters)
-        );
+        ));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a new column definition to the blueprint.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\ColumnDefinition  $definition
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Schema\ColumnDefinition
+     */
+    protected function addColumnDefinition($definition)
+    {
+        $this->columns[] = $definition;
+
+        if ($this->after) {
+            $definition->after($this->after);
+
+            $this->after = $definition->name;
+        }
+
+        return $definition;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the columns from the callback after the given column.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $column
+     * @param  \Closure  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function after($column, Closure $callback)
+    {
+        $this->after = $column;
+
+        $callback($this);
 
-        return $column;
+        $this->after = null;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1607,7 +1645,7 @@ public function getChangedColumns()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if the blueprint has auto increment columns.
+     * Determine if the blueprint has auto-increment columns.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -1619,7 +1657,7 @@ public function hasAutoIncrementColumn()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the auto increment column starting values.
+     * Get the auto-increment column starting values.
      *
      * @return array
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Builder.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Builder.php
index 80611bfc92ed..04f96e43308a 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Builder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Builder.php
@@ -94,6 +94,28 @@ public static function morphUsingUuids()
         return static::defaultMorphKeyType('uuid');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create a database in the schema.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function createDatabase($name)
+    {
+        throw new LogicException('This database driver does not support creating databases.');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drop a database from the schema if the database exists.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function dropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        throw new LogicException('This database driver does not support dropping databases.');
+    }
+
     /**
      * Determine if the given table exists.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/Grammar.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/Grammar.php
index b60dfe817b62..18071b2fbb12 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/Grammar.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/Grammar.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Database\Query\Expression;
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
 use Illuminate\Support\Fluent;
+use LogicException;
 use RuntimeException;
 
 abstract class Grammar extends BaseGrammar
@@ -27,6 +28,29 @@ abstract class Grammar extends BaseGrammar
      */
     protected $fluentCommands = [];
 
+    /**
+     * Compile a create database command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileCreateDatabase($name, $connection)
+    {
+        throw new LogicException('This database driver does not support creating databases.');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile a drop database if exists command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        throw new LogicException('This database driver does not support dropping databases.');
+    }
+
     /**
      * Compile a rename column command.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php
index c2952e47926c..c1a2c5586b54 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/MySqlGrammar.php
@@ -26,6 +26,37 @@ class MySqlGrammar extends Grammar
      */
     protected $serials = ['bigInteger', 'integer', 'mediumInteger', 'smallInteger', 'tinyInteger'];
 
+    /**
+     * Compile a create database command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileCreateDatabase($name, $connection)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'create database %s default character set %s default collate %s',
+            $this->wrapValue($name),
+            $this->wrapValue($connection->getConfig('charset')),
+            $this->wrapValue($connection->getConfig('collation')),
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile a drop database if exists command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'drop database if exists %s',
+            $this->wrapValue($name)
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Compile the query to determine the list of tables.
      *
@@ -160,7 +191,7 @@ public function compileAdd(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Compile the auto incrementing column starting values.
+     * Compile the auto-incrementing column starting values.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
      * @return array
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/PostgresGrammar.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/PostgresGrammar.php
index 204beecea3b2..adaf21f90e4c 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/PostgresGrammar.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/PostgresGrammar.php
@@ -35,6 +35,36 @@ class PostgresGrammar extends Grammar
      */
     protected $fluentCommands = ['Comment'];
 
+    /**
+     * Compile a create database command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileCreateDatabase($name, $connection)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'create database %s encoding %s',
+            $this->wrapValue($name),
+            $this->wrapValue($connection->getConfig('charset')),
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile a drop database if exists command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'drop database if exists %s',
+            $this->wrapValue($name)
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Compile the query to determine if a table exists.
      *
@@ -87,7 +117,7 @@ public function compileAdd(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Compile the auto incrementing column starting values.
+     * Compile the auto-incrementing column starting values.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
      * @return array
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SQLiteGrammar.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SQLiteGrammar.php
index 5075c0504204..556d749e23b2 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SQLiteGrammar.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SQLiteGrammar.php
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ protected function modifyStoredAs(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $column)
     protected function modifyNullable(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $column)
     {
         if (is_null($column->virtualAs) && is_null($column->storedAs)) {
-            return $column->nullable ? ' null' : ' not null';
+            return $column->nullable ? '' : ' not null';
         }
 
         if ($column->nullable === false) {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SqlServerGrammar.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SqlServerGrammar.php
index 79f3f0f5e3ad..c3fc442e2368 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SqlServerGrammar.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/Grammars/SqlServerGrammar.php
@@ -28,6 +28,35 @@ class SqlServerGrammar extends Grammar
      */
     protected $serials = ['tinyInteger', 'smallInteger', 'mediumInteger', 'integer', 'bigInteger'];
 
+    /**
+     * Compile a create database command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileCreateDatabase($name, $connection)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'create database %s',
+            $this->wrapValue($name),
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile a drop database if exists command.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        return sprintf(
+            'drop database if exists %s',
+            $this->wrapValue($name)
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Compile the query to determine if a table exists.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlBuilder.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlBuilder.php
index f07946c85e23..b7cff5568d1b 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlBuilder.php
@@ -4,6 +4,32 @@
 
 class MySqlBuilder extends Builder
 {
+    /**
+     * Create a database in the schema.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function createDatabase($name)
+    {
+        return $this->connection->statement(
+            $this->grammar->compileCreateDatabase($name, $this->connection)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drop a database from the schema if the database exists.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function dropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        return $this->connection->statement(
+            $this->grammar->compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Determine if the given table exists.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlSchemaState.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlSchemaState.php
index 2d46ebe32355..68b6814a83cb 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlSchemaState.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/MySqlSchemaState.php
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ public function load($path)
     {
         $command = 'mysql '.$this->connectionString().' --database="${:LARAVEL_LOAD_DATABASE}" < "${:LARAVEL_LOAD_PATH}"';
 
-        $this->makeProcess($command)->mustRun(null, array_merge($this->baseVariables($this->connection->getConfig()), [
+        $process = $this->makeProcess($command)->setTimeout(null);
+
+        $process->mustRun(null, array_merge($this->baseVariables($this->connection->getConfig()), [
             'LARAVEL_LOAD_PATH' => $path,
         ]));
     }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresBuilder.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresBuilder.php
index 76673a719a41..82702a802691 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresBuilder.php
@@ -4,6 +4,32 @@
 
 class PostgresBuilder extends Builder
 {
+    /**
+     * Create a database in the schema.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function createDatabase($name)
+    {
+        return $this->connection->statement(
+            $this->grammar->compileCreateDatabase($name, $this->connection)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drop a database from the schema if the database exists.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function dropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        return $this->connection->statement(
+            $this->grammar->compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Determine if the given table exists.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresSchemaState.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresSchemaState.php
index 179db6189c55..c844ec542e01 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresSchemaState.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/PostgresSchemaState.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public function dump(Connection $connection, $path)
                         ->reject(function ($table) {
                             return $table === $this->migrationTable;
                         })->map(function ($table) {
-                            return '--exclude-table-data='.$table;
+                            return '--exclude-table-data="*.'.$table.'"';
                         })->implode(' ');
 
         $this->makeProcess(
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public function dump(Connection $connection, $path)
      */
     public function load($path)
     {
-        $command = 'PGPASSWORD=$LARAVEL_LOAD_PASSWORD pg_restore --no-owner --no-acl --host=$LARAVEL_LOAD_HOST --port=$LARAVEL_LOAD_PORT --username=$LARAVEL_LOAD_USER --dbname=$LARAVEL_LOAD_DATABASE $LARAVEL_LOAD_PATH';
+        $command = 'PGPASSWORD=$LARAVEL_LOAD_PASSWORD pg_restore --no-owner --no-acl --clean --if-exists --host=$LARAVEL_LOAD_HOST --port=$LARAVEL_LOAD_PORT --username=$LARAVEL_LOAD_USER --dbname=$LARAVEL_LOAD_DATABASE $LARAVEL_LOAD_PATH';
 
         if (Str::endsWith($path, '.sql')) {
             $command = 'PGPASSWORD=$LARAVEL_LOAD_PASSWORD psql --file=$LARAVEL_LOAD_PATH --host=$LARAVEL_LOAD_HOST --port=$LARAVEL_LOAD_PORT --username=$LARAVEL_LOAD_USER --dbname=$LARAVEL_LOAD_DATABASE';
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SQLiteBuilder.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SQLiteBuilder.php
index 78b6b9c78d2e..6a1dbae23ec6 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SQLiteBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SQLiteBuilder.php
@@ -2,8 +2,34 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Database\Schema;
 
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\File;
+
 class SQLiteBuilder extends Builder
 {
+    /**
+     * Create a database in the schema.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function createDatabase($name)
+    {
+        return File::put($name, '') !== false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drop a database from the schema if the database exists.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function dropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        return File::exists($name)
+            ? File::delete($name)
+            : true;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Drop all tables from the database.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SchemaState.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SchemaState.php
index 6c4e56578252..5629a7aa303e 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SchemaState.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SchemaState.php
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ abstract class SchemaState
      * Create a new dumper instance.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem  $files
-     * @param  callable  $processFactory
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem|null  $files
+     * @param  callable|null  $processFactory
      * @return void
      */
     public function __construct(Connection $connection, Filesystem $files = null, callable $processFactory = null)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqlServerBuilder.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqlServerBuilder.php
index 0b3e47bec9a6..223abd44ed1c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqlServerBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqlServerBuilder.php
@@ -4,6 +4,32 @@
 
 class SqlServerBuilder extends Builder
 {
+    /**
+     * Create a database in the schema.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function createDatabase($name)
+    {
+        return $this->connection->statement(
+            $this->grammar->compileCreateDatabase($name, $this->connection)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drop a database from the schema if the database exists.
+     *
+     * @param  string $name
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function dropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+    {
+        return $this->connection->statement(
+            $this->grammar->compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Drop all tables from the database.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqliteSchemaState.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqliteSchemaState.php
index 34b8659a8eb2..42652baa420d 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqliteSchemaState.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Schema/SqliteSchemaState.php
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ public function dump(Connection $connection, $path)
     /**
      * Append the migration data to the schema dump.
      *
+     * @param  string  $path
      * @return void
      */
     protected function appendMigrationData(string $path)
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ protected function baseCommand()
     /**
      * Get the base variables for a dump / load command.
      *
+     * @param  array  $config
      * @return array
      */
     protected function baseVariables(array $config)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/SqlServerConnection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/SqlServerConnection.php
index b0b8490d062a..87628b99cc9f 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/SqlServerConnection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/SqlServerConnection.php
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public function transaction(Closure $callback, $attempts = 1)
                 $this->getPdo()->exec('COMMIT TRAN');
             }
 
-            // If we catch an exception, we will roll back so nothing gets messed
+            // If we catch an exception, we will rollback so nothing gets messed
             // up in the database. Then we'll re-throw the exception so it can
             // be handled how the developer sees fit for their applications.
             catch (Throwable $e) {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Database/composer.json
index f04ea32227cb..0a7cda072a90 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/composer.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
         "illuminate/contracts": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/macroable": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/console": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/console": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
         "illuminate/events": "Required to use the observers with Eloquent (^8.0).",
         "illuminate/filesystem": "Required to use the migrations (^8.0).",
         "illuminate/pagination": "Required to paginate the result set (^8.0).",
-        "symfony/finder": "Required to use Eloquent model factories (^5.1)."
+        "symfony/finder": "Required to use Eloquent model factories (^5.1.4)."
     },
     "config": {
         "sort-packages": true
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Encryption/MissingAppKeyException.php b/src/Illuminate/Encryption/MissingAppKeyException.php
index 4f799dad9e9b..d8ffcd184b51 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Encryption/MissingAppKeyException.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Encryption/MissingAppKeyException.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ class MissingAppKeyException extends RuntimeException
     /**
      * Create a new exception instance.
      *
+     * @param  string  $message
      * @return void
      */
     public function __construct($message = 'No application encryption key has been specified.')
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Events/CallQueuedListener.php b/src/Illuminate/Events/CallQueuedListener.php
index 90ad3d9ac459..9201d858613b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Events/CallQueuedListener.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Events/CallQueuedListener.php
@@ -61,6 +61,13 @@ class CallQueuedListener implements ShouldQueue
      */
     public $timeout;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the job should be encrypted.
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    public $shouldBeEncrypted = false;
+
     /**
      * Create a new job instance.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php b/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php
index 91214b457188..96f08f01b514 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\ShouldBroadcast;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container as ContainerContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher as DispatcherContract;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeEncrypted;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ public function __construct(ContainerContract $container = null)
      * Register an event listener with the dispatcher.
      *
      * @param  \Closure|string|array  $events
-     * @param  \Closure|string|null  $listener
+     * @param  \Closure|string|array|null  $listener
      * @return void
      */
     public function listen($events, $listener = null)
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ protected function shouldBroadcast(array $payload)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check if event should be broadcasted by condition.
+     * Check if the event should be broadcasted by the condition.
      *
      * @param  mixed  $event
      * @return bool
@@ -432,7 +433,11 @@ protected function createClassCallable($listener)
             return $this->createQueuedHandlerCallable($class, $method);
         }
 
-        return [$this->container->make($class), $method];
+        $listener = $this->container->make($class);
+
+        return $this->handlerShouldBeDispatchedAfterDatabaseTransactions($listener)
+                    ? $this->createCallbackForListenerRunningAfterCommits($listener, $method)
+                    : [$listener, $method];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -483,6 +488,37 @@ protected function createQueuedHandlerCallable($class, $method)
         };
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the given event handler should be dispatched after all database transactions have committed.
+     *
+     * @param  object|mixed  $listener
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function handlerShouldBeDispatchedAfterDatabaseTransactions($listener)
+    {
+        return ($listener->afterCommit ?? null) && $this->container->bound('db.transactions');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a callable for dispatching a listener after database transactions.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed  $listener
+     * @param  string  $method
+     * @return \Closure
+     */
+    protected function createCallbackForListenerRunningAfterCommits($listener, $method)
+    {
+        return function () use ($method, $listener) {
+            $payload = func_get_args();
+
+            $this->container->make('db.transactions')->addCallback(
+                function () use ($listener, $method, $payload) {
+                    $listener->$method(...$payload);
+                }
+            );
+        };
+    }
+
     /**
      * Determine if the event handler wants to be queued.
      *
@@ -554,11 +590,19 @@ protected function propagateListenerOptions($listener, $job)
     {
         return tap($job, function ($job) use ($listener) {
             $job->tries = $listener->tries ?? null;
+
             $job->backoff = method_exists($listener, 'backoff')
                                 ? $listener->backoff() : ($listener->backoff ?? null);
+
             $job->timeout = $listener->timeout ?? null;
+
+            $job->afterCommit = property_exists($listener, 'afterCommit')
+                                ? $listener->afterCommit : null;
+
             $job->retryUntil = method_exists($listener, 'retryUntil')
                                 ? $listener->retryUntil() : null;
+
+            $job->shouldBeEncrypted = $listener instanceof ShouldBeEncrypted;
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Events/NullDispatcher.php b/src/Illuminate/Events/NullDispatcher.php
index dcfdc95f9e94..5c020cfdd732 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Events/NullDispatcher.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Events/NullDispatcher.php
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public function until($event, $payload = [])
      * Register an event listener with the dispatcher.
      *
      * @param  \Closure|string|array  $events
-     * @param  \Closure|string|null  $listener
+     * @param  \Closure|string|array|null  $listener
      * @return void
      */
     public function listen($events, $listener = null)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemAdapter.php b/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemAdapter.php
index 1c33b9892676..896bfbd6f35a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemAdapter.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemAdapter.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 use League\Flysystem\FileExistsException;
 use League\Flysystem\FileNotFoundException;
 use League\Flysystem\FilesystemInterface;
+use League\Flysystem\Sftp\SftpAdapter as Sftp;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Assert as PHPUnit;
 use Psr\Http\Message\StreamInterface;
 use RuntimeException;
@@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ public function url($path)
             return $this->driver->getUrl($path);
         } elseif ($adapter instanceof AwsS3Adapter) {
             return $this->getAwsUrl($adapter, $path);
-        } elseif ($adapter instanceof Ftp) {
+        } elseif ($adapter instanceof Ftp || $adapter instanceof Sftp) {
             return $this->getFtpUrl($path);
         } elseif ($adapter instanceof LocalAdapter) {
             return $this->getLocalUrl($path);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemManager.php b/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemManager.php
index f9d47250d08f..49768690dc24 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemManager.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/FilesystemManager.php
@@ -125,11 +125,11 @@ protected function resolve($name)
 
         $driverMethod = 'create'.ucfirst($name).'Driver';
 
-        if (method_exists($this, $driverMethod)) {
-            return $this->{$driverMethod}($config);
-        } else {
+        if (! method_exists($this, $driverMethod)) {
             throw new InvalidArgumentException("Driver [{$name}] is not supported.");
         }
+
+        return $this->{$driverMethod}($config);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ public function getDefaultDriver()
      */
     public function getDefaultCloudDriver()
     {
-        return $this->app['config']['filesystems.cloud'];
+        return $this->app['config']['filesystems.cloud'] ?? 's3';
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/composer.json
index 271f6a5135dc..16cb3b6d2edc 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/composer.json
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
         "illuminate/contracts": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/macroable": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/finder": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/finder": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
         "league/flysystem-cached-adapter": "Required to use the Flysystem cache (^1.0).",
         "league/flysystem-sftp": "Required to use the Flysystem SFTP driver (^1.0).",
         "psr/http-message": "Required to allow Storage::put to accept a StreamInterface (^1.0).",
-        "symfony/filesystem": "Required to enable support for relative symbolic links (^5.1).",
-        "symfony/mime": "Required to enable support for guessing extensions (^5.1)."
+        "symfony/filesystem": "Required to enable support for relative symbolic links (^5.1.4).",
+        "symfony/mime": "Required to enable support for guessing extensions (^5.1.4)."
     },
     "config": {
         "sort-packages": true
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php
index ac87f53de5b5..45be0dd0b96e 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class Application extends Container implements ApplicationContract, CachesConfig
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    const VERSION = '8.16.1';
+    const VERSION = '8.31.0';
 
     /**
      * The base path for the Laravel installation.
@@ -112,6 +112,13 @@ class Application extends Container implements ApplicationContract, CachesConfig
      */
     protected $databasePath;
 
+    /**
+     * The custom language file path defined by the developer.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $langPath;
+
     /**
      * The custom storage path defined by the developer.
      *
@@ -407,7 +414,30 @@ public function useDatabasePath($path)
      */
     public function langPath()
     {
-        return $this->resourcePath().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'lang';
+        if ($this->langPath) {
+            return $this->langPath;
+        }
+
+        if (is_dir($path = $this->resourcePath().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'lang')) {
+            return $path;
+        }
+
+        return $this->basePath().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'lang';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the language file directory.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $path
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function useLangPath($path)
+    {
+        $this->langPath = $path;
+
+        $this->instance('path.lang', $path);
+
+        return $this;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -456,6 +486,21 @@ public function resourcePath($path = '')
         return $this->basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'resources'.($path ? DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$path : $path);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the path to the views directory.
+     *
+     * This method returns the first configured path in the array of view paths.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $path
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function viewPath($path = '')
+    {
+        $basePath = $this['config']->get('view.paths')[0];
+
+        return rtrim($basePath, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).($path ? DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$path : $path);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the path to the environment file directory.
      *
@@ -530,7 +575,7 @@ public function environment(...$environments)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if application is in local environment.
+     * Determine if the application is in the local environment.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -540,7 +585,7 @@ public function isLocal()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if application is in production environment.
+     * Determine if the application is in the production environment.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -1230,7 +1275,7 @@ public function setFallbackLocale($fallbackLocale)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if application locale is the given locale.
+     * Determine if the application locale is the given locale.
      *
      * @param  string  $locale
      * @return bool
@@ -1311,8 +1356,11 @@ public function flush()
         $this->serviceProviders = [];
         $this->resolvingCallbacks = [];
         $this->terminatingCallbacks = [];
+        $this->beforeResolvingCallbacks = [];
         $this->afterResolvingCallbacks = [];
+        $this->globalBeforeResolvingCallbacks = [];
         $this->globalResolvingCallbacks = [];
+        $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks = [];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/Dispatchable.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/Dispatchable.php
index 403c3d67e91e..1a0e99dc8833 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/Dispatchable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/Dispatchable.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ public static function dispatch()
      * Dispatch the job with the given arguments if the given truth test passes.
      *
      * @param  bool  $boolean
+     * @param  mixed  ...$arguments
      * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\PendingDispatch|\Illuminate\Support\Fluent
      */
     public static function dispatchIf($boolean, ...$arguments)
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ public static function dispatchIf($boolean, ...$arguments)
      * Dispatch the job with the given arguments unless the given truth test passes.
      *
      * @param  bool  $boolean
+     * @param  mixed  ...$arguments
      * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\PendingDispatch|\Illuminate\Support\Fluent
      */
     public static function dispatchUnless($boolean, ...$arguments)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/PendingDispatch.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/PendingDispatch.php
index 9495dc15c114..8ac4432319a9 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/PendingDispatch.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Bus/PendingDispatch.php
@@ -99,6 +99,30 @@ public function delay($delay)
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the job should be dispatched after all database transactions have committed.
+     *
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function afterCommit()
+    {
+        $this->job->afterCommit();
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the job should not wait until database transactions have been committed before dispatching.
+     *
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function beforeCommit()
+    {
+        $this->job->beforeCommit();
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Set the jobs that should run if this job is successful.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/DownCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/DownCommand.php
index 94c5906531d6..feaf95047078 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/DownCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/DownCommand.php
@@ -100,7 +100,9 @@ protected function prerenderView()
     {
         (new RegisterErrorViewPaths)();
 
-        return view($this->option('render'))->render();
+        return view($this->option('render'), [
+            'retryAfter' => $this->option('retry'),
+        ])->render();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/Kernel.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/Kernel.php
index 9c7c576ba8cd..6a8eeb0c86f9 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/Kernel.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/Kernel.php
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ protected function defineConsoleSchedule()
      */
     protected function scheduleCache()
     {
-        return Env::get('SCHEDULE_CACHE_DRIVER');
+        return $this->app['config']->get('cache.schedule_store', Env::get('SCHEDULE_CACHE_DRIVER'));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/PolicyMakeCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/PolicyMakeCommand.php
index 0fe6964d5940..78873de065ee 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/PolicyMakeCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/PolicyMakeCommand.php
@@ -131,8 +131,13 @@ protected function replaceModel($stub, $model)
             array_keys($replace), array_values($replace), $stub
         );
 
-        return str_replace(
-            "use {$namespacedModel};\nuse {$namespacedModel};", "use {$namespacedModel};", $stub
+        return preg_replace(
+            vsprintf('/use %s;[\r\n]+use %s;/', [
+                preg_quote($namespacedModel, '/'),
+                preg_quote($namespacedModel, '/'),
+            ]),
+            "use {$namespacedModel};",
+            $stub
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/RouteListCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/RouteListCommand.php
index d14e58cf6315..46fbf5ff6256 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/RouteListCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/RouteListCommand.php
@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ public function __construct(Router $router)
      */
     public function handle()
     {
+        $this->router->flushMiddlewareGroups();
+
         if (empty($this->router->getRoutes())) {
             return $this->error("Your application doesn't have any routes.");
         }
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ protected function displayRoutes(array $routes)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get before filters.
+     * Get the middleware for the route.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
      * @return string
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/ServeCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/ServeCommand.php
index 20b7f59c8f7f..a41393179530 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/ServeCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/ServeCommand.php
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ protected function port()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check if command has reached its max amount of port tries.
+     * Check if the command has reached its max amount of port tries.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/VendorPublishCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/VendorPublishCommand.php
index 17a459e72834..501142f0d63c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/VendorPublishCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/VendorPublishCommand.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Illuminate\Console\Command;
 use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Events\VendorTagPublished;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
 use League\Flysystem\Adapter\Local as LocalAdapter;
@@ -159,7 +160,9 @@ protected function publishTag($tag)
     {
         $published = false;
 
-        foreach ($this->pathsToPublish($tag) as $from => $to) {
+        $pathsToPublish = $this->pathsToPublish($tag);
+
+        foreach ($pathsToPublish as $from => $to) {
             $this->publishItem($from, $to);
 
             $published = true;
@@ -167,6 +170,8 @@ protected function publishTag($tag)
 
         if ($published === false) {
             $this->error('Unable to locate publishable resources.');
+        } else {
+            $this->laravel['events']->dispatch(new VendorTagPublished($tag, $pathsToPublish));
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-render-report.stub b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-render-report.stub
index bdba7d159430..4d1070c2f687 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-render-report.stub
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-render-report.stub
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class DummyClass extends Exception
     /**
      * Report the exception.
      *
-     * @return bool|void
+     * @return bool|null
      */
     public function report()
     {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-report.stub b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-report.stub
index 786e0d2915a3..643149863e91 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-report.stub
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/exception-report.stub
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class DummyClass extends Exception
     /**
      * Report the exception.
      *
-     * @return bool|void
+     * @return bool|null
      */
     public function report()
     {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.stub b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.stub
index c5b50ad3cb6b..84c75cbfe98d 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.stub
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.stub
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class {{ class }} extends TestCase
      *
      * @return void
      */
-    public function testExample()
+    public function test_example()
     {
         $response = $this->get('/');
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.unit.stub b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.unit.stub
index 98af6529355c..b6816aa72f29 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.unit.stub
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Console/stubs/test.unit.stub
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class {{ class }} extends TestCase
      *
      * @return void
      */
-    public function testExample()
+    public function test_example()
     {
         $this->assertTrue(true);
     }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Events/Dispatchable.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Events/Dispatchable.php
index c2acd7759b22..ff633150f911 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Events/Dispatchable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Events/Dispatchable.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ public static function dispatch()
      * Dispatch the event with the given arguments if the given truth test passes.
      *
      * @param  bool  $boolean
+     * @param  mixed  ...$arguments
      * @return void
      */
     public static function dispatchIf($boolean, ...$arguments)
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ public static function dispatchIf($boolean, ...$arguments)
      * Dispatch the event with the given arguments unless the given truth test passes.
      *
      * @param  bool  $boolean
+     * @param  mixed  ...$arguments
      * @return void
      */
     public static function dispatchUnless($boolean, ...$arguments)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Events/VendorTagPublished.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Events/VendorTagPublished.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..084c1293fcfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Events/VendorTagPublished.php
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Events;
+
+class VendorTagPublished
+{
+    /**
+     * The vendor tag that was published.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    public $tag;
+
+    /**
+     * The publishable paths registered by the tag.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    public $paths;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new event instance.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $tag
+     * @param  array  $paths
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct($tag, $paths)
+    {
+        $this->tag = $tag;
+        $this->paths = $paths;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/Handler.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/Handler.php
index 924046b8b340..38c29a3996c7 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/Handler.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/Handler.php
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler as ExceptionHandlerContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Responsable;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
+use Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException;
+use Illuminate\Database\RecordsNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Http\Exceptions\HttpResponseException;
 use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
@@ -19,7 +21,6 @@
 use Illuminate\Session\TokenMismatchException;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
 use Illuminate\Support\Reflector;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\ReflectsClosures;
 use Illuminate\Support\ViewErrorBag;
@@ -89,6 +90,8 @@ class Handler implements ExceptionHandlerContract
         HttpException::class,
         HttpResponseException::class,
         ModelNotFoundException::class,
+        MultipleRecordsFoundException::class,
+        RecordsNotFoundException::class,
         SuspiciousOperationException::class,
         TokenMismatchException::class,
         ValidationException::class,
@@ -100,6 +103,7 @@ class Handler implements ExceptionHandlerContract
      * @var string[]
      */
     protected $dontFlash = [
+        'current_password',
         'password',
         'password_confirmation',
     ];
@@ -274,6 +278,10 @@ protected function shouldntReport(Throwable $e)
      */
     protected function exceptionContext(Throwable $e)
     {
+        if (method_exists($e, 'context')) {
+            return $e->context();
+        }
+
         return [];
     }
 
@@ -369,6 +377,8 @@ protected function prepareException(Throwable $e)
             $e = new HttpException(419, $e->getMessage(), $e);
         } elseif ($e instanceof SuspiciousOperationException) {
             $e = new NotFoundHttpException('Bad hostname provided.', $e);
+        } elseif ($e instanceof RecordsNotFoundException) {
+            $e = new NotFoundHttpException('Not found.', $e);
         }
 
         return $e;
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/illustrated-layout.blade.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/illustrated-layout.blade.php
index 64eb7cbb8bd5..2e5b8240b59b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/illustrated-layout.blade.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/illustrated-layout.blade.php
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
         <title>@yield('title')</title>
 
         <!-- Fonts -->
-        <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com">
-        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito" rel="stylesheet">
+        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com">
+        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
 
         <!-- Styles -->
         <style>
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/layout.blade.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/layout.blade.php
index 2c51d4f355b5..4f2318f8a693 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/layout.blade.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/layout.blade.php
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
         <title>@yield('title')</title>
 
         <!-- Fonts -->
-        <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com">
-        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com">
+        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
 
         <!-- Styles -->
         <style>
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/minimal.blade.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/minimal.blade.php
index 06e3749b394f..ee16d444584b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/minimal.blade.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Exceptions/views/minimal.blade.php
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
         <title>@yield('title')</title>
 
         <!-- Fonts -->
-        <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.gstatic.com">
-        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito" rel="stylesheet">
+        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com">
+        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
 
         <style>
             /*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}code{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;line-height:1.5}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid #e2e8f0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}code{font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,Liberation Mono,Courier New,monospace}svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}video{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bg-white{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,var(--bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-100{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#f7fafc;background-color:rgba(247,250,252,var(--bg-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--border-opacity:1;border-color:#edf2f7;border-color:rgba(237,242,247,var(--border-opacity))}.border-gray-400{--border-opacity:1;border-color:#cbd5e0;border-color:rgba(203,213,224,var(--border-opacity))}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.border-r{border-right-width:1px}.flex{display:flex}.grid{display:grid}.hidden{display:none}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-16{height:4rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem}.leading-7{line-height:1.75rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.ml-4{margin-left:1rem}.mt-8{margin-top:2rem}.ml-12{margin-left:3rem}.-mt-px{margin-top:-1px}.max-w-xl{max-width:36rem}.max-w-6xl{max-width:72rem}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.p-6{padding:1.5rem}.py-4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.px-4{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.pt-8{padding-top:2rem}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.top-0{top:0}.right-0{right:0}.shadow{box-shadow:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.06)}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-gray-200{--text-opacity:1;color:#edf2f7;color:rgba(237,242,247,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-300{--text-opacity:1;color:#e2e8f0;color:rgba(226,232,240,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--text-opacity:1;color:#cbd5e0;color:rgba(203,213,224,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--text-opacity:1;color:#a0aec0;color:rgba(160,174,192,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--text-opacity:1;color:#718096;color:rgba(113,128,150,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--text-opacity:1;color:#4a5568;color:rgba(74,85,104,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-900{--text-opacity:1;color:#1a202c;color:rgba(26,32,44,var(--text-opacity))}.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase}.underline{text-decoration:underline}.antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.tracking-wider{letter-spacing:.05em}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-8{width:2rem}.w-auto{width:auto}.grid-cols-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr))}@-webkit-keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}@keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}@-webkit-keyframes ping{0%{transform:scale(1);opacity:1}75%,to{transform:scale(2);opacity:0}}@keyframes ping{0%{transform:scale(1);opacity:1}75%,to{transform:scale(2);opacity:0}}@-webkit-keyframes pulse{0%,to{opacity:1}50%{opacity:.5}}@keyframes pulse{0%,to{opacity:1}50%{opacity:.5}}@-webkit-keyframes bounce{0%,to{transform:translateY(-25%);-webkit-animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.8,0,1,1);animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.8,0,1,1)}50%{transform:translateY(0);-webkit-animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1)}}@keyframes bounce{0%,to{transform:translateY(-25%);-webkit-animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.8,0,1,1);animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.8,0,1,1)}50%{transform:translateY(0);-webkit-animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);animation-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1)}}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:items-center{align-items:center}.sm\:justify-start{justify-content:flex-start}.sm\:justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.sm\:h-20{height:5rem}.sm\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-0{padding-top:0}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-right{text-align:right}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.md\:border-l{border-left-width:1px}.md\:grid-cols-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:px-8{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:bg-gray-800{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#2d3748;background-color:rgba(45,55,72,var(--bg-opacity))}.dark\:bg-gray-900{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#1a202c;background-color:rgba(26,32,44,var(--bg-opacity))}.dark\:border-gray-700{--border-opacity:1;border-color:#4a5568;border-color:rgba(74,85,104,var(--border-opacity))}.dark\:text-white{--text-opacity:1;color:#fff;color:rgba(255,255,255,var(--text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-400{--text-opacity:1;color:#cbd5e0;color:rgba(203,213,224,var(--text-opacity))}}
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
         <style>
             body {
-                font-family: 'Nunito';
+                font-family: 'Nunito', sans-serif;
             }
         </style>
     </head>
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/FormRequest.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/FormRequest.php
index 96169f3ce40a..8c2da9699600 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/FormRequest.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/FormRequest.php
@@ -58,6 +58,13 @@ class FormRequest extends Request implements ValidatesWhenResolved
      */
     protected $errorBag = 'default';
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether validation should stop after the first rule failure.
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    protected $stopOnFirstFailure = false;
+
     /**
      * The validator instance.
      *
@@ -104,7 +111,7 @@ protected function createDefaultValidator(ValidationFactory $factory)
         return $factory->make(
             $this->validationData(), $this->container->call([$this, 'rules']),
             $this->messages(), $this->attributes()
-        );
+        )->stopOnFirstFailure($this->stopOnFirstFailure);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
index 656bf0f1d164..ea64ce94255c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ public function hasMiddleware($middleware)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Add a new middleware to beginning of the stack if it does not already exist.
+     * Add a new middleware to the beginning of the stack if it does not already exist.
      *
      * @param  string  $middleware
      * @return $this
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php
index ffd65b399b2a..831468281fbc 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ public function __construct(Application $app)
      * @return mixed
      *
      * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException
-     * @throws \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Exceptions\MaintenanceModeException
      */
     public function handle($request, Closure $next)
     {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/TransformsRequest.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/TransformsRequest.php
index a61a1bd72013..fca34f837b0b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/TransformsRequest.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/TransformsRequest.php
@@ -58,9 +58,11 @@ protected function cleanParameterBag(ParameterBag $bag)
      */
     protected function cleanArray(array $data, $keyPrefix = '')
     {
-        return collect($data)->map(function ($value, $key) use ($keyPrefix) {
-            return $this->cleanValue($keyPrefix.$key, $value);
-        })->all();
+        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
+            $data[$key] = $this->cleanValue($keyPrefix.$key, $value);
+        }
+
+        return collect($data)->all();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php
index 6a1f028f9ce8..59483200e4d0 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware;
 
 use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\DecryptException;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Responsable;
@@ -152,7 +153,11 @@ protected function getTokenFromRequest($request)
         $token = $request->input('_token') ?: $request->header('X-CSRF-TOKEN');
 
         if (! $token && $header = $request->header('X-XSRF-TOKEN')) {
-            $token = CookieValuePrefix::remove($this->encrypter->decrypt($header, static::serialized()));
+            try {
+                $token = CookieValuePrefix::remove($this->encrypter->decrypt($header, static::serialized()));
+            } catch (DecryptException $e) {
+                $token = '';
+            }
         }
 
         return $token;
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php
index c4d31671075d..4426e4b5d34c 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/ArtisanServiceProvider.php
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 use Illuminate\Cache\Console\ClearCommand as CacheClearCommand;
 use Illuminate\Cache\Console\ForgetCommand as CacheForgetCommand;
 use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\ScheduleFinishCommand;
+use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\ScheduleListCommand;
 use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\ScheduleRunCommand;
+use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\ScheduleTestCommand;
 use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\ScheduleWorkCommand;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\DeferrableProvider;
 use Illuminate\Database\Console\DbCommand;
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Queue\Console\ForgetFailedCommand as ForgetFailedQueueCommand;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Console\ListenCommand as QueueListenCommand;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Console\ListFailedCommand as ListFailedQueueCommand;
+use Illuminate\Queue\Console\PruneBatchesCommand as PruneBatchesQueueCommand;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Console\RestartCommand as QueueRestartCommand;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Console\RetryBatchCommand as QueueRetryBatchCommand;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Console\RetryCommand as QueueRetryCommand;
@@ -105,6 +108,7 @@ class ArtisanServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider implements DeferrableProvid
         'QueueFlush' => 'command.queue.flush',
         'QueueForget' => 'command.queue.forget',
         'QueueListen' => 'command.queue.listen',
+        'QueuePruneBatches' => 'command.queue.prune-batches',
         'QueueRestart' => 'command.queue.restart',
         'QueueRetry' => 'command.queue.retry',
         'QueueRetryBatch' => 'command.queue.retry-batch',
@@ -115,7 +119,9 @@ class ArtisanServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider implements DeferrableProvid
         'SchemaDump' => 'command.schema.dump',
         'Seed' => 'command.seed',
         'ScheduleFinish' => ScheduleFinishCommand::class,
+        'ScheduleList' => ScheduleListCommand::class,
         'ScheduleRun' => ScheduleRunCommand::class,
+        'ScheduleTest' => ScheduleTestCommand::class,
         'ScheduleWork' => ScheduleWorkCommand::class,
         'StorageLink' => 'command.storage.link',
         'Up' => 'command.up',
@@ -680,6 +686,18 @@ protected function registerQueueListenCommand()
         });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Register the command.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function registerQueuePruneBatchesCommand()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton('command.queue.prune-batches', function () {
+            return new PruneBatchesQueueCommand;
+        });
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register the command.
      *
@@ -918,6 +936,16 @@ protected function registerScheduleFinishCommand()
         $this->app->singleton(ScheduleFinishCommand::class);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Register the command.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function registerScheduleListCommand()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton(ScheduleListCommand::class);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register the command.
      *
@@ -928,6 +956,16 @@ protected function registerScheduleRunCommand()
         $this->app->singleton(ScheduleRunCommand::class);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Register the command.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function registerScheduleTestCommand()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton(ScheduleTestCommand::class);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register the command.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/FoundationServiceProvider.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/FoundationServiceProvider.php
index 2f39afd43d36..f5ffb33658f5 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/FoundationServiceProvider.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Providers/FoundationServiceProvider.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Support\AggregateServiceProvider;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL;
+use Illuminate\Testing\ParallelTestingServiceProvider;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 
 class FoundationServiceProvider extends AggregateServiceProvider
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ class FoundationServiceProvider extends AggregateServiceProvider
      */
     protected $providers = [
         FormRequestServiceProvider::class,
+        ParallelTestingServiceProvider::class,
     ];
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithConsole.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithConsole.php
index dad0f65f6464..38409d3d697f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithConsole.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithConsole.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ trait InteractsWithConsole
     public $unexpectedOutput = [];
 
     /**
-     * All of the expected ouput tables.
+     * All of the expected output tables.
      *
      * @var array
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithExceptionHandling.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithExceptionHandling.php
index 40e3d777ffbd..0304940ff061 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithExceptionHandling.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithExceptionHandling.php
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public function render($request, Throwable $e)
 
                 if ($e instanceof NotFoundHttpException) {
                     throw new NotFoundHttpException(
-                        "{$request->method()} {$request->url()}", null, $e->getCode()
+                        "{$request->method()} {$request->url()}", $e, $e->getCode()
                     );
                 }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithRedis.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithRedis.php
index a68995b05a9d..1c679fb60197 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithRedis.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/InteractsWithRedis.php
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ public function setUpRedis()
                     'port' => $port,
                     'database' => 5,
                     'timeout' => 0.5,
+                    'name' => 'default',
                 ],
             ]);
         }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequests.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequests.php
index 10e55aab1358..0be549f99cc2 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequests.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequests.php
@@ -508,12 +508,12 @@ public function call($method, $uri, $parameters = [], $cookies = [], $files = []
             $request = Request::createFromBase($symfonyRequest)
         );
 
+        $kernel->terminate($request, $response);
+
         if ($this->followRedirects) {
             $response = $this->followRedirects($response);
         }
 
-        $kernel->terminate($request, $response);
-
         return $this->createTestResponse($response);
     }
 
@@ -623,12 +623,12 @@ protected function prepareCookiesForJsonRequest()
      */
     protected function followRedirects($response)
     {
+        $this->followRedirects = false;
+
         while ($response->isRedirect()) {
             $response = $this->get($response->headers->get('Location'));
         }
 
-        $this->followRedirects = false;
-
         return $response;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/RefreshDatabase.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/RefreshDatabase.php
index f62fad83c559..d66fd0f94911 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/RefreshDatabase.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/RefreshDatabase.php
@@ -79,11 +79,15 @@ protected function refreshTestDatabase()
      */
     protected function migrateFreshUsing()
     {
-        return [
-            '--drop-views' => $this->shouldDropViews(),
-            '--drop-types' => $this->shouldDropTypes(),
-            '--seed' => $this->shouldSeed(),
-        ];
+        $seeder = $this->seeder();
+
+        return array_merge(
+            [
+                '--drop-views' => $this->shouldDropViews(),
+                '--drop-types' => $this->shouldDropTypes(),
+            ],
+            $seeder ? ['--seeder' => $seeder] : ['--seed' => $this->shouldSeed()]
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -157,4 +161,14 @@ protected function shouldSeed()
     {
         return property_exists($this, 'seed') ? $this->seed : false;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine the specific seeder class that should be used when refreshing the database.
+     *
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function seeder()
+    {
+        return property_exists($this, 'seeder') ? $this->seeder : false;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/TestCase.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/TestCase.php
index b32202517ceb..ee19a864b591 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/TestCase.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Testing/TestCase.php
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;
 use Illuminate\Console\Application as Artisan;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Queue\Queue;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\ParallelTesting;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Mockery;
 use Mockery\Exception\InvalidCountException;
@@ -81,6 +83,8 @@ protected function setUp(): void
 
         if (! $this->app) {
             $this->refreshApplication();
+
+            ParallelTesting::callSetUpTestCaseCallbacks($this);
         }
 
         $this->setUpTraits();
@@ -152,6 +156,8 @@ protected function tearDown(): void
         if ($this->app) {
             $this->callBeforeApplicationDestroyedCallbacks();
 
+            ParallelTesting::callTearDownTestCaseCallbacks($this);
+
             $this->app->flush();
 
             $this->app = null;
@@ -194,6 +200,8 @@ protected function tearDown(): void
 
         Artisan::forgetBootstrappers();
 
+        Queue::createPayloadUsing(null);
+
         if ($this->callbackException) {
             throw $this->callbackException;
         }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php
index d6af860d8915..3842915bf721 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php
@@ -586,11 +586,15 @@ function redirect($to = null, $status = 302, $headers = [], $secure = null)
     /**
      * Report an exception.
      *
-     * @param  \Throwable  $exception
+     * @param  \Throwable|string  $exception
      * @return void
      */
-    function report(Throwable $exception)
+    function report($exception)
     {
+        if (is_string($exception)) {
+            $exception = new Exception($exception);
+        }
+
         app(ExceptionHandler::class)->report($exception);
     }
 }
@@ -601,7 +605,7 @@ function report(Throwable $exception)
      *
      * @param  array|string|null  $key
      * @param  mixed  $default
-     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Request|string|array
+     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Request|string|array|null
      */
     function request($key = null, $default = null)
     {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Hashing/ArgonHasher.php b/src/Illuminate/Hashing/ArgonHasher.php
index 41109c9b0799..ea3a2f34cc00 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Hashing/ArgonHasher.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Hashing/ArgonHasher.php
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ protected function time(array $options)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Extract the threads value from the options array.
+     * Extract the thread's value from the options array.
      *
      * @param  array  $options
      * @return int
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Factory.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Factory.php
index 7d8911605f51..0f182b6a65cb 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Factory.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Factory.php
@@ -224,6 +224,28 @@ public function assertSent($callback)
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Assert that the given request was sent in the given order.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $callbacks
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertSentInOrder($callbacks)
+    {
+        $this->assertSentCount(count($callbacks));
+
+        foreach ($callbacks as $index => $url) {
+            $callback = is_callable($url) ? $url : function ($request) use ($url) {
+                return $request->url() == $url;
+            };
+
+            PHPUnit::assertTrue($callback(
+                $this->recorded[$index][0],
+                $this->recorded[$index][1]
+            ), 'An expected request (#'.($index + 1).') was not recorded.');
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Assert that a request / response pair was not recorded matching a given truth test.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Response.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Response.php
index eb1db35babe3..ccbd631c7cb8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Response.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Client/Response.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Http\Client;
 
 use ArrayAccess;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Macroable;
 use LogicException;
 
@@ -77,6 +78,17 @@ public function object()
         return json_decode($this->body(), false);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the JSON decoded body of the response as a collection.
+     *
+     * @param  string|null  $key
+     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
+     */
+    public function collect($key = null)
+    {
+        return Collection::make($this->json($key));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get a header from the response.
      *
@@ -205,6 +217,16 @@ public function cookies()
         return $this->cookies;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the handler stats of the response.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function handlerStats()
+    {
+        return $this->transferStats->getHandlerStats();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the underlying PSR response for the response.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithContentTypes.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithContentTypes.php
index be760a2619d9..faf25d92e081 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithContentTypes.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithContentTypes.php
@@ -6,24 +6,6 @@
 
 trait InteractsWithContentTypes
 {
-    /**
-     * Determine if the given content types match.
-     *
-     * @param  string  $actual
-     * @param  string  $type
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public static function matchesType($actual, $type)
-    {
-        if ($actual === $type) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        $split = explode('/', $actual);
-
-        return isset($split[1]) && preg_match('#'.preg_quote($split[0], '#').'/.+\+'.preg_quote($split[1], '#').'#', $type);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Determine if the request is sending JSON.
      *
@@ -31,7 +13,7 @@ public static function matchesType($actual, $type)
      */
     public function isJson()
     {
-        return Str::contains($this->header('CONTENT_TYPE'), ['/json', '+json']);
+        return Str::contains($this->header('CONTENT_TYPE') ?? '', ['/json', '+json']);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -152,6 +134,24 @@ public function acceptsHtml()
         return $this->accepts('text/html');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the given content types match.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $actual
+     * @param  string  $type
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public static function matchesType($actual, $type)
+    {
+        if ($actual === $type) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $split = explode('/', $actual);
+
+        return isset($split[1]) && preg_match('#'.preg_quote($split[0], '#').'/.+\+'.preg_quote($split[1], '#').'#', $type);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the data format expected in the response.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php
index 4550271b0f61..69b00672de88 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use SplFileInfo;
 use stdClass;
+use Symfony\Component\VarDumper\VarDumper;
 
 trait InteractsWithInput
 {
@@ -462,4 +463,34 @@ protected function retrieveItem($source, $key, $default)
 
         return $this->$source->get($key, $default);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump the request items and end the script.
+     *
+     * @param  array|mixed  $keys
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function dd(...$keys)
+    {
+        $keys = is_array($keys) ? $keys : func_get_args();
+
+        call_user_func_array([$this, 'dump'], $keys);
+
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump the items.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $keys
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function dump($keys = [])
+    {
+        $keys = is_array($keys) ? $keys : func_get_args();
+
+        VarDumper::dump(count($keys) > 0 ? $this->only($keys) : $this->all());
+
+        return $this;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php
index cf6b90cb1da0..068cf23790da 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ public function routeIs(...$patterns)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if the current request URL and query string matches a pattern.
+     * Determine if the current request URL and query string match a pattern.
      *
      * @param  mixed  ...$patterns
      * @return bool
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ public function ajax()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if the request is the result of an PJAX call.
+     * Determine if the request is the result of a PJAX call.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
@@ -251,14 +251,14 @@ public function pjax()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if the request is the result of an prefetch call.
+     * Determine if the request is the result of a prefetch call.
      *
      * @return bool
      */
     public function prefetch()
     {
-        return strcasecmp($this->server->get('HTTP_X_MOZ'), 'prefetch') === 0 ||
-               strcasecmp($this->headers->get('Purpose'), 'prefetch') === 0;
+        return strcasecmp($this->server->get('HTTP_X_MOZ') ?? '', 'prefetch') === 0 ||
+               strcasecmp($this->headers->get('Purpose') ?? '', 'prefetch') === 0;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/CollectsResources.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/CollectsResources.php
index a5531f7a02ce..5c42da4225f5 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/CollectsResources.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/CollectsResources.php
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ protected function collects()
         }
 
         if (Str::endsWith(class_basename($this), 'Collection') &&
-            class_exists($class = Str::replaceLast('Collection', '', get_class($this)))) {
+            (class_exists($class = Str::replaceLast('Collection', '', get_class($this))) ||
+             class_exists($class = Str::replaceLast('Collection', 'Resource', get_class($this))))) {
             return $class;
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/Json/JsonResource.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/Json/JsonResource.php
index 808aa234d5b8..3f2175f4dfe6 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/Json/JsonResource.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/Json/JsonResource.php
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public static function make(...$parameters)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Create new anonymous resource collection.
+     * Create a new anonymous resource collection.
      *
      * @param  mixed  $resource
      * @return \Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\AnonymousResourceCollection
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/MergeValue.php b/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/MergeValue.php
index ee557e8f3b87..fb6880fb725c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/MergeValue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/Resources/MergeValue.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class MergeValue
     public $data;
 
     /**
-     * Create new merge value instance.
+     * Create a new merge value instance.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection|\JsonSerializable|array  $data
      * @return void
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Http/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Http/composer.json
index a01a5d86c436..8bf355434520 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Http/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Http/composer.json
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
         "illuminate/macroable": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/session": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/mime": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/mime": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/MailManager.php b/src/Illuminate/Mail/MailManager.php
index a8a4a291d0c9..97fcda7827c5 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/MailManager.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/MailManager.php
@@ -327,8 +327,13 @@ protected function createMailgunTransport(array $config)
      */
     protected function createPostmarkTransport(array $config)
     {
+        $headers = isset($config['message_stream_id']) ? [
+            'X-PM-Message-Stream' => $config['message_stream_id'],
+        ] : [];
+
         return tap(new PostmarkTransport(
-            $config['token'] ?? $this->app['config']->get('services.postmark.token')
+            $config['token'] ?? $this->app['config']->get('services.postmark.token'),
+            $headers
         ), function ($transport) {
             $transport->registerPlugin(new ThrowExceptionOnFailurePlugin());
         });
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailable.php b/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailable.php
index 6876ba4878dd..1fe0b7ea3d20 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailable.php
@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Factory as MailFactory;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable as MailableContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Factory as Queue;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Htmlable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Renderable;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\HtmlString;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\ForwardsCalls;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Localizable;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Assert as PHPUnit;
 use ReflectionClass;
 use ReflectionProperty;
 
@@ -146,6 +148,13 @@ class Mailable implements MailableContract, Renderable
      */
     public $mailer;
 
+    /**
+     * The rendered mailable views for testing / assertions.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $assertionableRenderStrings;
+
     /**
      * The callback that should be invoked while building the view data.
      *
@@ -844,6 +853,106 @@ public function attachData($data, $name, array $options = [])
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Assert that the given text is present in the HTML email body.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $string
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertSeeInHtml($string)
+    {
+        [$html, $text] = $this->renderForAssertions();
+
+        PHPUnit::assertTrue(
+            Str::contains($html, $string),
+            "Did not see expected text [{$string}] within email body."
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assert that the given text is not present in the HTML email body.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $string
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertDontSeeInHtml($string)
+    {
+        [$html, $text] = $this->renderForAssertions();
+
+        PHPUnit::assertFalse(
+            Str::contains($html, $string),
+            "Saw unexpected text [{$string}] within email body."
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assert that the given text is present in the plain-text email body.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $string
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertSeeInText($string)
+    {
+        [$html, $text] = $this->renderForAssertions();
+
+        PHPUnit::assertTrue(
+            Str::contains($text, $string),
+            "Did not see expected text [{$string}] within text email body."
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assert that the given text is not present in the plain-text email body.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $string
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertDontSeeInText($string)
+    {
+        [$html, $text] = $this->renderForAssertions();
+
+        PHPUnit::assertFalse(
+            Str::contains($text, $string),
+            "Saw unexpected text [{$string}] within text email body."
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Render the HTML and plain-text version of the mailable into views for assertions.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     *
+     * @throws \ReflectionException
+     */
+    protected function renderForAssertions()
+    {
+        if ($this->assertionableRenderStrings) {
+            return $this->assertionableRenderStrings;
+        }
+
+        return $this->assertionableRenderStrings = $this->withLocale($this->locale, function () {
+            Container::getInstance()->call([$this, 'build']);
+
+            $html = Container::getInstance()->make('mailer')->render(
+                $view = $this->buildView(), $this->buildViewData()
+            );
+
+            if (is_array($view) && isset($view[1])) {
+                $text = $view[1];
+            }
+
+            $text = $text ?? $view['text'] ?? '';
+
+            if (! empty($text) && ! $text instanceof Htmlable) {
+                $text = Container::getInstance()->make('mailer')->render(
+                    $text, $this->buildViewData()
+                );
+            }
+
+            return [(string) $html, (string) $text];
+        });
+    }
+
     /**
      * Set the name of the mailer that should send the message.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php b/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php
index 1a96bbc54ddf..668d68baaf2a 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/Mailer.php
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ protected function parseView($view)
     protected function addContent($message, $view, $plain, $raw, $data)
     {
         if (isset($view)) {
-            $message->setBody($this->renderView($view, $data), 'text/html');
+            $message->setBody($this->renderView($view, $data) ?: ' ', 'text/html');
         }
 
         if (isset($plain)) {
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ protected function setGlobalToAndRemoveCcAndBcc($message)
     /**
      * Queue a new e-mail message for sending.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable  $view
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable|string|array  $view
      * @param  string|null  $queue
      * @return mixed
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/Message.php b/src/Illuminate/Mail/Message.php
index d701fba9fb39..cab6c026d9fe 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/Message.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/Message.php
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ public function bcc($address, $name = null, $override = false)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Add a reply to address to the message.
+     * Add a "reply to" address to the message.
      *
      * @param  string|array  $address
      * @param  string|null  $name
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/PendingMail.php b/src/Illuminate/Mail/PendingMail.php
index d9ac1130c482..43c30961f90b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/PendingMail.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/PendingMail.php
@@ -114,7 +114,6 @@ public function bcc($users)
      * Send a new mailable message instance.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable  $mailable
-     *
      * @return mixed
      */
     public function send(MailableContract $mailable)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/SendQueuedMailable.php b/src/Illuminate/Mail/SendQueuedMailable.php
index 76822bcd05f5..1009789b4bf0 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/SendQueuedMailable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/SendQueuedMailable.php
@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Mail;
 
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Factory as MailFactory;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable as MailableContract;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeEncrypted;
 
 class SendQueuedMailable
 {
+    use Queueable;
+
     /**
      * The mailable message instance.
      *
@@ -28,6 +32,13 @@ class SendQueuedMailable
      */
     public $timeout;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the job should be encrypted.
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    public $shouldBeEncrypted = false;
+
     /**
      * Create a new job instance.
      *
@@ -39,6 +50,8 @@ public function __construct(MailableContract $mailable)
         $this->mailable = $mailable;
         $this->tries = property_exists($mailable, 'tries') ? $mailable->tries : null;
         $this->timeout = property_exists($mailable, 'timeout') ? $mailable->timeout : null;
+        $this->afterCommit = property_exists($mailable, 'afterCommit') ? $mailable->afterCommit : null;
+        $this->shouldBeEncrypted = $mailable instanceof ShouldBeEncrypted;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -76,7 +89,7 @@ public function failed($e)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get number of seconds before a released mailable will be available.
+     * Get the number of seconds before a released mailable will be available.
      *
      * @return mixed
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/layout.blade.php b/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/layout.blade.php
index 684e0f7d05e6..21d349b39ea7 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/layout.blade.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/layout.blade.php
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
 <meta name="color-scheme" content="light">
 <meta name="supported-color-schemes" content="light">
-</head>
-<body>
 <style>
 @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
 .inner-body {
@@ -24,6 +22,8 @@
 }
 }
 </style>
+</head>
+<body>
 
 <table class="wrapper" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation">
 <tr>
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/themes/default.css b/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/themes/default.css
index 350fb838fa6b..2483b11685a3 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/themes/default.css
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Mail/resources/views/html/themes/default.css
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ img {
 
 .logo {
     height: 75px;
+    max-height: 75px;
     width: 75px;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Notifications/Channels/BroadcastChannel.php b/src/Illuminate/Notifications/Channels/BroadcastChannel.php
index d281b9b13831..1389f49c6ac8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Notifications/Channels/BroadcastChannel.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Notifications/Channels/BroadcastChannel.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class BroadcastChannel
     protected $events;
 
     /**
-     * Create a new database channel.
+     * Create a new broadcast channel.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher  $events
      * @return void
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Notifications/NotificationSender.php b/src/Illuminate/Notifications/NotificationSender.php
index 98fb2fe56d9a..39be0e598796 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Notifications/NotificationSender.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Notifications/NotificationSender.php
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ protected function shouldSendNotification($notifiable, $notification, $channel)
      * Queue the given notification instances.
      *
      * @param  mixed  $notifiables
-     * @param  array[\Illuminate\Notifications\Channels\Notification]  $notification
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Notifications\Notification  $notification
      * @return void
      */
     protected function queueNotification($notifiables, $notification)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Notifications/SendQueuedNotifications.php b/src/Illuminate/Notifications/SendQueuedNotifications.php
index bab695284725..d83c8906e366 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Notifications/SendQueuedNotifications.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Notifications/SendQueuedNotifications.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Notifications;
 
 use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeEncrypted;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection as EloquentCollection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
@@ -49,6 +50,13 @@ class SendQueuedNotifications implements ShouldQueue
      */
     public $timeout;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the job should be encrypted.
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    public $shouldBeEncrypted = false;
+
     /**
      * Create a new job instance.
      *
@@ -64,6 +72,8 @@ public function __construct($notifiables, $notification, array $channels = null)
         $this->notifiables = $this->wrapNotifiables($notifiables);
         $this->tries = property_exists($notification, 'tries') ? $notification->tries : null;
         $this->timeout = property_exists($notification, 'timeout') ? $notification->timeout : null;
+        $this->afterCommit = property_exists($notification, 'afterCommit') ? $notification->afterCommit : null;
+        $this->shouldBeEncrypted = $notification instanceof ShouldBeEncrypted;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -118,7 +128,7 @@ public function failed($e)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get number of seconds before a released notification will be available.
+     * Get the number of seconds before a released notification will be available.
      *
      * @return mixed
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/AbstractPaginator.php b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/AbstractPaginator.php
index 2894d1f15ffa..763091067057 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/AbstractPaginator.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/AbstractPaginator.php
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ public static function currentPathResolver(Closure $resolver)
     public static function resolveCurrentPage($pageName = 'page', $default = 1)
     {
         if (isset(static::$currentPageResolver)) {
-            return call_user_func(static::$currentPageResolver, $pageName);
+            return (int) call_user_func(static::$currentPageResolver, $pageName);
         }
 
         return $default;
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ public function __call($method, $parameters)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Render the contents of the paginator when casting to string.
+     * Render the contents of the paginator when casting to a string.
      *
      * @return string
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/LengthAwarePaginator.php b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/LengthAwarePaginator.php
index 0260b974bc4b..3e5adad0a316 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/LengthAwarePaginator.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/LengthAwarePaginator.php
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ protected function linkCollection()
             return collect($item)->map(function ($url, $page) {
                 return [
                     'url' => $url,
-                    'label' => $page,
+                    'label' => (string) $page,
                     'active' => $this->currentPage() === $page,
                 ];
             });
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/simple-tailwind.blade.php b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/simple-tailwind.blade.php
index 1c5e52f3e52a..6872cca360d5 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/simple-tailwind.blade.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/simple-tailwind.blade.php
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
                 {!! __('pagination.previous') !!}
             </span>
         @else
-            <a href="{{ $paginator->previousPageUrl() }}" rel="prev" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline-blue focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
+            <a href="{{ $paginator->previousPageUrl() }}" rel="prev" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring ring-gray-300 focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
                 {!! __('pagination.previous') !!}
             </a>
         @endif
 
         {{-- Next Page Link --}}
         @if ($paginator->hasMorePages())
-            <a href="{{ $paginator->nextPageUrl() }}" rel="next" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline-blue focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
+            <a href="{{ $paginator->nextPageUrl() }}" rel="next" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring ring-gray-300 focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
                 {!! __('pagination.next') !!}
             </a>
         @else
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/tailwind.blade.php b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/tailwind.blade.php
index 2f5eca93e152..2dd4d0ef3389 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/tailwind.blade.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Pagination/resources/views/tailwind.blade.php
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
                     {!! __('pagination.previous') !!}
                 </span>
             @else
-                <a href="{{ $paginator->previousPageUrl() }}" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline-blue focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
+                <a href="{{ $paginator->previousPageUrl() }}" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring ring-gray-300 focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
                     {!! __('pagination.previous') !!}
                 </a>
             @endif
 
             @if ($paginator->hasMorePages())
-                <a href="{{ $paginator->nextPageUrl() }}" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 ml-3 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline-blue focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
+                <a href="{{ $paginator->nextPageUrl() }}" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 ml-3 text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 rounded-md hover:text-gray-500 focus:outline-none focus:ring ring-gray-300 focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
                     {!! __('pagination.next') !!}
                 </a>
             @else
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
                             </span>
                         </span>
                     @else
-                        <a href="{{ $paginator->previousPageUrl() }}" rel="prev" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-2 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-500 bg-white border border-gray-300 rounded-l-md leading-5 hover:text-gray-400 focus:z-10 focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-300 focus:shadow-outline-blue active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-500 transition ease-in-out duration-150" aria-label="{{ __('pagination.previous') }}">
+                        <a href="{{ $paginator->previousPageUrl() }}" rel="prev" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-2 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-500 bg-white border border-gray-300 rounded-l-md leading-5 hover:text-gray-400 focus:z-10 focus:outline-none focus:ring ring-gray-300 focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-500 transition ease-in-out duration-150" aria-label="{{ __('pagination.previous') }}">
                             <svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 20 20">
                                 <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.707 5.293a1 1 0 010 1.414L9.414 10l3.293 3.293a1 1 0 01-1.414 1.414l-4-4a1 1 0 010-1.414l4-4a1 1 0 011.414 0z" clip-rule="evenodd" />
                             </svg>
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
                                         <span class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 -ml-px text-sm font-medium text-gray-500 bg-white border border-gray-300 cursor-default leading-5">{{ $page }}</span>
                                     </span>
                                 @else
-                                    <a href="{{ $url }}" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 -ml-px text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 hover:text-gray-500 focus:z-10 focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-300 focus:shadow-outline-blue active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150" aria-label="{{ __('Go to page :page', ['page' => $page]) }}">
+                                    <a href="{{ $url }}" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 -ml-px text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 bg-white border border-gray-300 leading-5 hover:text-gray-500 focus:z-10 focus:outline-none focus:ring ring-gray-300 focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-700 transition ease-in-out duration-150" aria-label="{{ __('Go to page :page', ['page' => $page]) }}">
                                         {{ $page }}
                                     </a>
                                 @endif
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 
                     {{-- Next Page Link --}}
                     @if ($paginator->hasMorePages())
-                        <a href="{{ $paginator->nextPageUrl() }}" rel="next" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-2 py-2 -ml-px text-sm font-medium text-gray-500 bg-white border border-gray-300 rounded-r-md leading-5 hover:text-gray-400 focus:z-10 focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-300 focus:shadow-outline-blue active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-500 transition ease-in-out duration-150" aria-label="{{ __('pagination.next') }}">
+                        <a href="{{ $paginator->nextPageUrl() }}" rel="next" class="relative inline-flex items-center px-2 py-2 -ml-px text-sm font-medium text-gray-500 bg-white border border-gray-300 rounded-r-md leading-5 hover:text-gray-400 focus:z-10 focus:outline-none focus:ring ring-gray-300 focus:border-blue-300 active:bg-gray-100 active:text-gray-500 transition ease-in-out duration-150" aria-label="{{ __('pagination.next') }}">
                             <svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 20 20">
                                 <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.293 14.707a1 1 0 010-1.414L10.586 10 7.293 6.707a1 1 0 011.414-1.414l4 4a1 1 0 010 1.414l-4 4a1 1 0 01-1.414 0z" clip-rule="evenodd" />
                             </svg>
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/BeanstalkdQueue.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/BeanstalkdQueue.php
index 49c36bdac07f..b258c49418ce 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/BeanstalkdQueue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/BeanstalkdQueue.php
@@ -44,14 +44,20 @@ class BeanstalkdQueue extends Queue implements QueueContract
      * @param  string  $default
      * @param  int  $timeToRun
      * @param  int  $blockFor
+     * @param  bool  $dispatchAfterCommit
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Pheanstalk $pheanstalk, $default, $timeToRun, $blockFor = 0)
+    public function __construct(Pheanstalk $pheanstalk,
+                                $default,
+                                $timeToRun,
+                                $blockFor = 0,
+                                $dispatchAfterCommit = false)
     {
         $this->default = $default;
         $this->blockFor = $blockFor;
         $this->timeToRun = $timeToRun;
         $this->pheanstalk = $pheanstalk;
+        $this->dispatchAfterCommit = $dispatchAfterCommit;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -77,7 +83,15 @@ public function size($queue = null)
      */
     public function push($job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        return $this->pushRaw($this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data), $queue);
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
+            $this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data),
+            $queue,
+            null,
+            function ($payload, $queue) {
+                return $this->pushRaw($payload, $queue);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -106,13 +120,19 @@ public function pushRaw($payload, $queue = null, array $options = [])
      */
     public function later($delay, $job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        $pheanstalk = $this->pheanstalk->useTube($this->getQueue($queue));
-
-        return $pheanstalk->put(
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
             $this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data),
-            Pheanstalk::DEFAULT_PRIORITY,
-            $this->secondsUntil($delay),
-            $this->timeToRun
+            $queue,
+            $delay,
+            function ($payload, $queue, $delay) {
+                return $this->pheanstalk->useTube($this->getQueue($queue))->put(
+                    $payload,
+                    Pheanstalk::DEFAULT_PRIORITY,
+                    $this->secondsUntil($delay),
+                    $this->timeToRun
+                );
+            }
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedClosure.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedClosure.php
index d471b9be5c46..28e1f35b268a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedClosure.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedClosure.php
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Queue;
 
 use Closure;
-use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Bus\Batchable;
 use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container;
@@ -87,10 +86,10 @@ public function onFailure($callback)
     /**
      * Handle a job failure.
      *
-     * @param  \Exception  $exception
+     * @param  \Throwable  $e
      * @return void
      */
-    public function failed(Exception $e)
+    public function failed($e)
     {
         foreach ($this->failureCallbacks as $callback) {
             call_user_func($callback instanceof SerializableClosure ? $callback->getClosure() : $callback, $e);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedHandler.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedHandler.php
index adb7b19e11b9..f25fda6d503f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedHandler.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/CallQueuedHandler.php
@@ -7,12 +7,15 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\Dispatcher;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository as Cache;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Job;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeUnique;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use ReflectionClass;
+use RuntimeException;
 
 class CallQueuedHandler
 {
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ public function call(Job $job, array $data)
     {
         try {
             $command = $this->setJobInstanceIfNecessary(
-                $job, unserialize($data['command'])
+                $job, $this->getCommand($data)
             );
         } catch (ModelNotFoundException $e) {
             return $this->handleModelNotFound($job, $e);
@@ -80,6 +83,25 @@ public function call(Job $job, array $data)
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the command from the given payload.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $data
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function getCommand(array $data)
+    {
+        if (Str::startsWith($data['command'], 'O:')) {
+            return unserialize($data['command']);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->container->bound(Encrypter::class)) {
+            return unserialize($this->container[Encrypter::class]->decrypt($data['command']));
+        }
+
+        throw new RuntimeException('Unable to extract job payload.');
+    }
+
     /**
      * Dispatch the given job / command through its specified middleware.
      *
@@ -226,7 +248,7 @@ protected function handleModelNotFound(Job $job, $e)
      */
     public function failed(array $data, $e, string $uuid)
     {
-        $command = unserialize($data['command']);
+        $command = $this->getCommand($data);
 
         if (! $command instanceof ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing) {
             $this->ensureUniqueJobLockIsReleased($command);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/BeanstalkdConnector.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/BeanstalkdConnector.php
index b54d80193b69..fdcdb355594e 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/BeanstalkdConnector.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/BeanstalkdConnector.php
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ public function connect(array $config)
             $this->pheanstalk($config),
             $config['queue'],
             $config['retry_after'] ?? Pheanstalk::DEFAULT_TTR,
-            $config['block_for'] ?? 0
+            $config['block_for'] ?? 0,
+            $config['after_commit'] ?? null
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/DatabaseConnector.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/DatabaseConnector.php
index 893a898f6b66..eeabc8ee7f7f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/DatabaseConnector.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/DatabaseConnector.php
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ public function connect(array $config)
             $this->connections->connection($config['connection'] ?? null),
             $config['table'],
             $config['queue'],
-            $config['retry_after'] ?? 60
+            $config['retry_after'] ?? 60,
+            $config['after_commit'] ?? null
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/RedisConnector.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/RedisConnector.php
index 1efe5f65e903..966fe49071a8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/RedisConnector.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/RedisConnector.php
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ public function connect(array $config)
             $this->redis, $config['queue'],
             $config['connection'] ?? $this->connection,
             $config['retry_after'] ?? 60,
-            $config['block_for'] ?? null
+            $config['block_for'] ?? null,
+            $config['after_commit'] ?? null
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/SqsConnector.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/SqsConnector.php
index 07d7f8232674..029c607c4328 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/SqsConnector.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Connectors/SqsConnector.php
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ public function connect(array $config)
         }
 
         return new SqsQueue(
-            new SqsClient($config), $config['queue'], $config['prefix'] ?? '', $config['suffix'] ?? ''
+            new SqsClient($config),
+            $config['queue'],
+            $config['prefix'] ?? '',
+            $config['suffix'] ?? '',
+            $config['after_commit'] ?? null
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/PruneBatchesCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/PruneBatchesCommand.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cc25bc53cfb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/PruneBatchesCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Queue\Console;
+
+use Carbon\Carbon;
+use Illuminate\Bus\BatchRepository;
+use Illuminate\Bus\PrunableBatchRepository;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+class PruneBatchesCommand extends Command
+{
+    /**
+     * The console command signature.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $signature = 'queue:prune-batches {--hours=24 : The number of hours to retain batch data}';
+
+    /**
+     * The console command description.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $description = 'Prune stale entries from the batches database';
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the console command.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        $count = 0;
+
+        $repository = $this->laravel[BatchRepository::class];
+
+        if ($repository instanceof PrunableBatchRepository) {
+            $count = $repository->prune(Carbon::now()->subHours($this->option('hours')));
+        }
+
+        $this->info("{$count} entries deleted!");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/RetryCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/RetryCommand.php
index e9120a976962..2f651b60d098 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/RetryCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/RetryCommand.php
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Queue\Console;
 
+use DateTimeInterface;
 use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use RuntimeException;
 
 class RetryCommand extends Command
 {
@@ -93,14 +97,14 @@ protected function getJobIdsByRanges(array $ranges)
     protected function retryJob($job)
     {
         $this->laravel['queue']->connection($job->connection)->pushRaw(
-            $this->resetAttempts($job->payload), $job->queue
+            $this->refreshRetryUntil($this->resetAttempts($job->payload)), $job->queue
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Reset the payload attempts.
      *
-     * Applicable to Redis jobs which store attempts in their payload.
+     * Applicable to Redis and other jobs which store attempts in their payload.
      *
      * @param  string  $payload
      * @return string
@@ -115,4 +119,39 @@ protected function resetAttempts($payload)
 
         return json_encode($payload);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Refresh the "retry until" timestamp for the job.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $payload
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function refreshRetryUntil($payload)
+    {
+        $payload = json_decode($payload, true);
+
+        if (! isset($payload['data']['command'])) {
+            return json_encode($payload);
+        }
+
+        if (Str::startsWith($payload['data']['command'], 'O:')) {
+            $instance = unserialize($payload['data']['command']);
+        } elseif ($this->laravel->bound(Encrypter::class)) {
+            $instance = unserialize($this->laravel->make(Encrypter::class)->decrypt($payload['data']['command']));
+        }
+
+        if (! isset($instance)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Unable to extract job payload.');
+        }
+
+        if (is_object($instance) && method_exists($instance, 'retryUntil')) {
+            $retryUntil = $instance->retryUntil();
+
+            $payload['retryUntil'] = $retryUntil instanceof DateTimeInterface
+                                        ? $retryUntil->getTimestamp()
+                                        : $retryUntil;
+        }
+
+        return json_encode($payload);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/WorkCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/WorkCommand.php
index c8c815eefe24..ff092197f53a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/WorkCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Console/WorkCommand.php
@@ -124,13 +124,9 @@ protected function runWorker($connection, $queue)
      */
     protected function gatherWorkerOptions()
     {
-        $backoff = $this->hasOption('backoff')
-                    ? $this->option('backoff')
-                    : $this->option('delay');
-
         return new WorkerOptions(
             $this->option('name'),
-            $backoff,
+            max($this->option('backoff'), $this->option('delay')),
             $this->option('memory'),
             $this->option('timeout'),
             $this->option('sleep'),
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/DatabaseQueue.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/DatabaseQueue.php
index 89fb91cb3038..cc77007c0b2f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/DatabaseQueue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/DatabaseQueue.php
@@ -47,14 +47,20 @@ class DatabaseQueue extends Queue implements QueueContract, ClearableQueue
      * @param  string  $table
      * @param  string  $default
      * @param  int  $retryAfter
+     * @param  bool  $dispatchAfterCommit
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Connection $database, $table, $default = 'default', $retryAfter = 60)
+    public function __construct(Connection $database,
+                                $table,
+                                $default = 'default',
+                                $retryAfter = 60,
+                                $dispatchAfterCommit = false)
     {
         $this->table = $table;
         $this->default = $default;
         $this->database = $database;
         $this->retryAfter = $retryAfter;
+        $this->dispatchAfterCommit = $dispatchAfterCommit;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -80,9 +86,15 @@ public function size($queue = null)
      */
     public function push($job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        return $this->pushToDatabase($queue, $this->createPayload(
-            $job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data
-        ));
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
+            $this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data),
+            $queue,
+            null,
+            function ($payload, $queue) {
+                return $this->pushToDatabase($queue, $payload);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -109,9 +121,15 @@ public function pushRaw($payload, $queue = null, array $options = [])
      */
     public function later($delay, $job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        return $this->pushToDatabase($queue, $this->createPayload(
-            $job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data
-        ), $delay);
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
+            $this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data),
+            $queue,
+            $delay,
+            function ($payload, $queue, $delay) {
+                return $this->pushToDatabase($queue, $payload, $delay);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Events/JobQueued.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Events/JobQueued.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c91d14095963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Events/JobQueued.php
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Queue\Events;
+
+class JobQueued
+{
+    /**
+     * The connection name.
+     *
+     * @var string
+     */
+    public $connectionName;
+
+    /**
+     * The job ID.
+     *
+     * @var string|int|null
+     */
+    public $id;
+
+    /**
+     * The job instance.
+     *
+     * @var \Closure|string|object
+     */
+    public $job;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new event instance.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $connectionName
+     * @param  string|int|null  $id
+     * @param  \Closure|string|object  $job
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct($connectionName, $id, $job)
+    {
+        $this->connectionName = $connectionName;
+        $this->id = $id;
+        $this->job = $job;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/LuaScripts.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/LuaScripts.php
index 45d31075fdef..fa278426bdbb 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/LuaScripts.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/LuaScripts.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public static function size()
      * Get the Lua script for pushing jobs onto the queue.
      *
      * KEYS[1] - The queue to push the job onto, for example: queues:foo
-     * KEYS[2] - The notification list fot the queue we are pushing jobs onto, for example: queues:foo:notify
+     * KEYS[2] - The notification list for the queue we are pushing jobs onto, for example: queues:foo:notify
      * ARGV[1] - The job payload
      *
      * @return string
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimited.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimited.php
index efb0f60841f2..3dd1b435bdc9 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimited.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimited.php
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ protected function handleJob($job, $next, array $limits)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Do not release the job back to the queue if limit is exceeded.
+     * Do not release the job back to the queue if the limit is exceeded.
      *
      * @return $this
      */
@@ -120,4 +120,27 @@ protected function getTimeUntilNextRetry($key)
     {
         return $this->limiter->availableIn($key) + 3;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepare the object for serialization.
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function __sleep()
+    {
+        return [
+            'limiterName',
+            'shouldRelease',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepare the object after unserialization.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __wakeup()
+    {
+        $this->limiter = Container::getInstance()->make(RateLimiter::class);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimitedWithRedis.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimitedWithRedis.php
index 7000e9d55307..e919786f27c6 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimitedWithRedis.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Middleware/RateLimitedWithRedis.php
@@ -88,4 +88,16 @@ protected function getTimeUntilNextRetry($key)
     {
         return ($this->decaysAt[$key] - $this->currentTime()) + 3;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepare the object after unserialization.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __wakeup()
+    {
+        parent::__wakeup();
+
+        $this->redis = Container::getInstance()->make(Redis::class);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Queue.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Queue.php
index e9a98c663869..08a390622602 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Queue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Queue.php
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 use Closure;
 use DateTimeInterface;
 use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeEncrypted;
+use Illuminate\Queue\Events\JobQueued;
+use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\InteractsWithTime;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
@@ -26,6 +30,13 @@ abstract class Queue
      */
     protected $connectionName;
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates that jobs should be dispatched after all database transactions have committed.
+     *
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    protected $dispatchAfterCommit;
+
     /**
      * The create payload callbacks.
      *
@@ -141,10 +152,14 @@ protected function createObjectPayload($job, $queue)
             ],
         ]);
 
+        $command = $this->jobShouldBeEncrypted($job) && $this->container->bound(Encrypter::class)
+                    ? $this->container[Encrypter::class]->encrypt(serialize(clone $job))
+                    : serialize(clone $job);
+
         return array_merge($payload, [
             'data' => [
                 'commandName' => get_class($job),
-                'command' => serialize(clone $job),
+                'command' => $command,
             ],
         ]);
     }
@@ -173,7 +188,7 @@ public function getJobBackoff($job)
             return;
         }
 
-        return collect($job->backoff ?? $job->backoff())
+        return collect(Arr::wrap($job->backoff ?? $job->backoff()))
             ->map(function ($backoff) {
                 return $backoff instanceof DateTimeInterface
                                 ? $this->secondsUntil($backoff) : $backoff;
@@ -198,6 +213,21 @@ public function getJobExpiration($job)
                         ? $expiration->getTimestamp() : $expiration;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the job should be encrypted.
+     *
+     * @param  object  $job
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function jobShouldBeEncrypted($job)
+    {
+        if ($job instanceof ShouldBeEncrypted) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return isset($job->shouldBeEncrypted) && $job->shouldBeEncrypted;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a typical, string based queue payload array.
      *
@@ -223,7 +253,7 @@ protected function createStringPayload($job, $queue, $data)
     /**
      * Register a callback to be executed when creating job payloads.
      *
-     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @param  callable|null  $callback
      * @return void
      */
     public static function createPayloadUsing($callback)
@@ -255,6 +285,67 @@ protected function withCreatePayloadHooks($queue, array $payload)
         return $payload;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Enqueue a job using the given callback.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure|string|object  $job
+     * @param  string  $payload
+     * @param  string  $queue
+     * @param  \DateTimeInterface|\DateInterval|int|null  $delay
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function enqueueUsing($job, $payload, $queue, $delay, $callback)
+    {
+        if ($this->shouldDispatchAfterCommit($job) &&
+            $this->container->bound('db.transactions')) {
+            return $this->container->make('db.transactions')->addCallback(
+                function () use ($payload, $queue, $delay, $callback, $job) {
+                    return tap($callback($payload, $queue, $delay), function ($jobId) use ($job) {
+                        $this->raiseJobQueuedEvent($jobId, $job);
+                    });
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        return tap($callback($payload, $queue, $delay), function ($jobId) use ($job) {
+            $this->raiseJobQueuedEvent($jobId, $job);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if the job should be dispatched after all database transactions have committed.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure|string|object  $job
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function shouldDispatchAfterCommit($job)
+    {
+        if (is_object($job) && isset($job->afterCommit)) {
+            return $job->afterCommit;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($this->dispatchAfterCommit)) {
+            return $this->dispatchAfterCommit;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Raise the job queued event.
+     *
+     * @param  string|int|null  $jobId
+     * @param  \Closure|string|object  $job
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function raiseJobQueuedEvent($jobId, $job)
+    {
+        if ($this->container->bound('events')) {
+            $this->container['events']->dispatch(new JobQueued($this->connectionName, $jobId, $job));
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the connection name for the queue.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/RedisQueue.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/RedisQueue.php
index 19fc07589497..79efc0581f24 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/RedisQueue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/RedisQueue.php
@@ -53,15 +53,22 @@ class RedisQueue extends Queue implements QueueContract, ClearableQueue
      * @param  string|null  $connection
      * @param  int  $retryAfter
      * @param  int|null  $blockFor
+     * @param  bool  $dispatchAfterCommit
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(Redis $redis, $default = 'default', $connection = null, $retryAfter = 60, $blockFor = null)
+    public function __construct(Redis $redis,
+                                $default = 'default',
+                                $connection = null,
+                                $retryAfter = 60,
+                                $blockFor = null,
+                                $dispatchAfterCommit = false)
     {
         $this->redis = $redis;
         $this->default = $default;
         $this->blockFor = $blockFor;
         $this->connection = $connection;
         $this->retryAfter = $retryAfter;
+        $this->dispatchAfterCommit = $dispatchAfterCommit;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -108,7 +115,15 @@ public function bulk($jobs, $data = '', $queue = null)
      */
     public function push($job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        return $this->pushRaw($this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data), $queue);
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
+            $this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data),
+            $queue,
+            null,
+            function ($payload, $queue) {
+                return $this->pushRaw($payload, $queue);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -140,7 +155,15 @@ public function pushRaw($payload, $queue = null, array $options = [])
      */
     public function later($delay, $job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        return $this->laterRaw($delay, $this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data), $queue);
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
+            $this->createPayload($job, $this->getQueue($queue), $data),
+            $queue,
+            $delay,
+            function ($payload, $queue, $delay) {
+                return $this->laterRaw($delay, $payload, $queue);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -186,11 +209,7 @@ public function pop($queue = null)
     {
         $this->migrate($prefixed = $this->getQueue($queue));
 
-        if (empty($nextJob = $this->retrieveNextJob($prefixed))) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        [$job, $reserved] = $nextJob;
+        [$job, $reserved] = $this->retrieveNextJob($prefixed);
 
         if ($reserved) {
             return new RedisJob(
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php
index 52c0f405d831..d60479d20708 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public function __serialize()
      * Restore the model after serialization.
      *
      * @param  array  $values
-     * @return array
+     * @return void
      */
     public function __unserialize(array $values)
     {
@@ -122,8 +122,6 @@ public function __unserialize(array $values)
                 $this, $this->getRestoredPropertyValue($values[$name])
             );
         }
-
-        return $values;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SqsQueue.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SqsQueue.php
index 8ec5fd110b45..1ef834bb7bae 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SqsQueue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SqsQueue.php
@@ -45,14 +45,20 @@ class SqsQueue extends Queue implements QueueContract, ClearableQueue
      * @param  string  $default
      * @param  string  $prefix
      * @param  string  $suffix
+     * @param  bool  $dispatchAfterCommit
      * @return void
      */
-    public function __construct(SqsClient $sqs, $default, $prefix = '', $suffix = '')
+    public function __construct(SqsClient $sqs,
+                                $default,
+                                $prefix = '',
+                                $suffix = '',
+                                $dispatchAfterCommit = false)
     {
         $this->sqs = $sqs;
         $this->prefix = $prefix;
         $this->default = $default;
         $this->suffix = $suffix;
+        $this->dispatchAfterCommit = $dispatchAfterCommit;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -83,7 +89,15 @@ public function size($queue = null)
      */
     public function push($job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        return $this->pushRaw($this->createPayload($job, $queue ?: $this->default, $data), $queue);
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
+            $this->createPayload($job, $queue ?: $this->default, $data),
+            $queue,
+            null,
+            function ($payload, $queue) {
+                return $this->pushRaw($payload, $queue);
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -112,11 +126,19 @@ public function pushRaw($payload, $queue = null, array $options = [])
      */
     public function later($delay, $job, $data = '', $queue = null)
     {
-        return $this->sqs->sendMessage([
-            'QueueUrl' => $this->getQueue($queue),
-            'MessageBody' => $this->createPayload($job, $queue ?: $this->default, $data),
-            'DelaySeconds' => $this->secondsUntil($delay),
-        ])->get('MessageId');
+        return $this->enqueueUsing(
+            $job,
+            $this->createPayload($job, $queue ?: $this->default, $data),
+            $queue,
+            $delay,
+            function ($payload, $queue, $delay) {
+                return $this->sqs->sendMessage([
+                    'QueueUrl' => $this->getQueue($queue),
+                    'MessageBody' => $payload,
+                    'DelaySeconds' => $this->secondsUntil($delay),
+                ])->get('MessageId');
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SyncQueue.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SyncQueue.php
index fceb5ddb5174..33638c213a66 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SyncQueue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SyncQueue.php
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ protected function raiseExceptionOccurredJobEvent(Job $job, Throwable $e)
     /**
      * Handle an exception that occurred while processing a job.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Queue\Jobs\Job  $queueJob
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Job  $queueJob
      * @param  \Throwable  $e
      * @return void
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/WorkerOptions.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/WorkerOptions.php
index 0680f545096c..766f4676029a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/WorkerOptions.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/WorkerOptions.php
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class WorkerOptions
     public $force;
 
     /**
-     * Indicates if the worker should stop when queue is empty.
+     * Indicates if the worker should stop when the queue is empty.
      *
      * @var bool
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Queue/composer.json
index 2d1cf009dffe..4ae4b55c693a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/composer.json
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
         "opis/closure": "^3.6",
         "ramsey/uuid": "^4.0",
-        "symfony/process": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/process": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connections/PhpRedisConnection.php b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connections/PhpRedisConnection.php
index 7eb11629a58b..86e239e6f118 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connections/PhpRedisConnection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connections/PhpRedisConnection.php
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public function mget(array $keys)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the string value in argument as value of the key.
+     * Set the string value in the argument as the value of the key.
      *
      * @param  string  $key
      * @param  mixed  $value
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ public function brpop(...$arguments)
      */
     public function spop($key, $count = 1)
     {
-        return $this->command('spop', [$key, $count]);
+        return $this->command('spop', func_get_args());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -501,14 +501,8 @@ public function flushdb()
             return $this->command('flushdb');
         }
 
-        foreach ($this->client->_masters() as [$host, $port]) {
-            $redis = tap(new Redis)->connect($host, $port);
-
-            if (isset($this->config['password']) && ! empty($this->config['password'])) {
-                $redis->auth($this->config['password']);
-            }
-
-            $redis->flushDb();
+        foreach ($this->client->_masters() as $master) {
+            $this->client->flushDb($master);
         }
     }
 
@@ -556,7 +550,7 @@ public function disconnect()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Apply prefix to the given key if necessary.
+     * Apply a prefix to the given key if necessary.
      *
      * @param  string  $key
      * @return string
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connectors/PhpRedisConnector.php b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connectors/PhpRedisConnector.php
index d944d069267f..37a980a1d779 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connectors/PhpRedisConnector.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Connectors/PhpRedisConnector.php
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public function connectToCluster(array $config, array $clusterOptions, array $op
     }
 
     /**
-     * Build a single cluster seed string from array.
+     * Build a single cluster seed string from an array.
      *
      * @param  array  $server
      * @return string
@@ -102,6 +102,10 @@ protected function createClient(array $config)
             if (! empty($config['scan'])) {
                 $client->setOption(Redis::OPT_SCAN, $config['scan']);
             }
+
+            if (! empty($config['name'])) {
+                $client->client('SETNAME', $config['name']);
+            }
         });
     }
 
@@ -129,7 +133,9 @@ protected function establishConnection($client, array $config)
         }
 
         if (version_compare(phpversion('redis'), '5.3.0', '>=')) {
-            $parameters[] = Arr::get($config, 'context', []);
+            if (! is_null($context = Arr::get($config, 'context'))) {
+                $parameters[] = $context;
+            }
         }
 
         $client->{($persistent ? 'pconnect' : 'connect')}(...$parameters);
@@ -157,7 +163,9 @@ protected function createRedisClusterInstance(array $servers, array $options)
         }
 
         if (version_compare(phpversion('redis'), '5.3.2', '>=')) {
-            $parameters[] = Arr::get($options, 'context');
+            if (! is_null($context = Arr::get($options, 'context'))) {
+                $parameters[] = $context;
+            }
         }
 
         return tap(new RedisCluster(...$parameters), function ($client) use ($options) {
@@ -172,6 +180,10 @@ protected function createRedisClusterInstance(array $servers, array $options)
             if (! empty($options['failover'])) {
                 $client->setOption(RedisCluster::OPT_SLAVE_FAILOVER, $options['failover']);
             }
+
+            if (! empty($options['name'])) {
+                $client->client('SETNAME', $options['name']);
+            }
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiter.php b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiter.php
index 2dafa6c9e5d4..5fcc921e2c1f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiter.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiter.php
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Redis\Limiters;
 
-use Exception;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\LimiterTimeoutException;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Throwable;
 
 class ConcurrencyLimiter
 {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public function __construct($redis, $name, $maxLocks, $releaseAfter)
      * @return bool
      *
      * @throws \Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\LimiterTimeoutException
-     * @throws \Exception
+     * @throws \Throwable
      */
     public function block($timeout, $callback = null)
     {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public function block($timeout, $callback = null)
                 return tap($callback(), function () use ($slot, $id) {
                     $this->release($slot, $id);
                 });
-            } catch (Exception $exception) {
+            } catch (Throwable $exception) {
                 $this->release($slot, $id);
 
                 throw $exception;
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiterBuilder.php b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiterBuilder.php
index 2ba7c91602d2..e66259f59b6e 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiterBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/ConcurrencyLimiterBuilder.php
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public function __construct($connection, $name)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the maximum number of locks that can obtained per time window.
+     * Set the maximum number of locks that can be obtained per time window.
      *
      * @param  int  $maxLocks
      * @return $this
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/DurationLimiterBuilder.php b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/DurationLimiterBuilder.php
index ee378fcc7ff8..c32cb50f7213 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/DurationLimiterBuilder.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Redis/Limiters/DurationLimiterBuilder.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class DurationLimiterBuilder
     public $name;
 
     /**
-     * The maximum number of locks that can obtained per time window.
+     * The maximum number of locks that can be obtained per time window.
      *
      * @var int
      */
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public function __construct($connection, $name)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the maximum number of locks that can obtained per time window.
+     * Set the maximum number of locks that can be obtained per time window.
      *
      * @param  int  $maxLocks
      * @return $this
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Redis/RedisManager.php b/src/Illuminate/Redis/RedisManager.php
index 3dd4ec73e34f..3d01818da2ae 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Redis/RedisManager.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Redis/RedisManager.php
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ protected function parseConnectionConfiguration($config)
         }
 
         return array_filter($parsed, function ($key) {
-            return ! in_array($key, ['driver', 'username'], true);
+            return ! in_array($key, ['driver'], true);
         }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/CompiledRouteCollection.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/CompiledRouteCollection.php
index 099156cc4b81..c53954194e06 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/CompiledRouteCollection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/CompiledRouteCollection.php
@@ -252,6 +252,10 @@ public function getRoutesByMethod()
             })
             ->map(function (Collection $routes) {
                 return $routes->mapWithKeys(function (Route $route) {
+                    if ($domain = $route->getDomain()) {
+                        return [$domain.'/'.$route->uri => $route];
+                    }
+
                     return [$route->uri => $route];
                 })->all();
             })
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Console/ControllerMakeCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Console/ControllerMakeCommand.php
index 6c78e4a959e5..0bd4b6214da0 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Console/ControllerMakeCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Console/ControllerMakeCommand.php
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ protected function getDefaultNamespace($rootNamespace)
     /**
      * Build the class with the given name.
      *
-     * Remove the base controller import if we are already in base namespace.
+     * Remove the base controller import if we are already in the base namespace.
      *
      * @param  string  $name
      * @return string
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Exceptions/UrlGenerationException.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Exceptions/UrlGenerationException.php
index 1853b2aff0fc..eadda8010c0f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Exceptions/UrlGenerationException.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Exceptions/UrlGenerationException.php
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Routing\Exceptions;
 
 use Exception;
+use Illuminate\Routing\Route;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 class UrlGenerationException extends Exception
 {
@@ -10,10 +12,26 @@ class UrlGenerationException extends Exception
      * Create a new exception for missing route parameters.
      *
      * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
+     * @param  array  $parameters
      * @return static
      */
-    public static function forMissingParameters($route)
+    public static function forMissingParameters(Route $route, array $parameters = [])
     {
-        return new static("Missing required parameters for [Route: {$route->getName()}] [URI: {$route->uri()}].");
+        $parameterLabel = Str::plural('parameter', count($parameters));
+
+        $message = sprintf(
+            'Missing required %s for [Route: %s] [URI: %s]',
+            $parameterLabel,
+            $route->getName(),
+            $route->uri()
+        );
+
+        if (count($parameters) > 0) {
+            $message .= sprintf(' [Missing %s: %s]', $parameterLabel, implode(', ', $parameters));
+        }
+
+        $message .= '.';
+
+        return new static($message);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php
index 57adde76e915..d5f49ea91d9c 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Closure;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\Registrar;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
 
 class SubstituteBindings
 {
@@ -34,9 +35,17 @@ public function __construct(Registrar $router)
      */
     public function handle($request, Closure $next)
     {
-        $this->router->substituteBindings($route = $request->route());
+        try {
+            $this->router->substituteBindings($route = $request->route());
 
-        $this->router->substituteImplicitBindings($route);
+            $this->router->substituteImplicitBindings($route);
+        } catch (ModelNotFoundException $exception) {
+            if ($route->getMissing()) {
+                return $route->getMissing()($request);
+            }
+
+            throw $exception;
+        }
 
         return $next($request);
     }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/ThrottleRequests.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/ThrottleRequests.php
index 95ece8395e8a..d570da44093f 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/ThrottleRequests.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/ThrottleRequests.php
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ protected function addHeaders(Response $response, $maxAttempts, $remainingAttemp
      * @param  int  $maxAttempts
      * @param  int  $remainingAttempts
      * @param  int|null  $retryAfter
-     * @param  \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response  $response
+     * @param  \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response|null  $response
      * @return array
      */
     protected function getHeaders($maxAttempts,
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php
index 37ba1aaa4236..b56e735a7fa1 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php
@@ -746,6 +746,8 @@ public function getPrefix()
      */
     public function prefix($prefix)
     {
+        $prefix = $prefix ?? '';
+
         $this->updatePrefixOnAction($prefix);
 
         $uri = rtrim($prefix, '/').'/'.ltrim($this->uri, '/');
@@ -933,6 +935,34 @@ public function setAction(array $action)
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get the value of the action that should be taken on a missing model exception.
+     *
+     * @return \Closure|null
+     */
+    public function getMissing()
+    {
+        $missing = $this->action['missing'] ?? null;
+
+        return is_string($missing) &&
+            Str::startsWith($missing, 'C:32:"Opis\\Closure\\SerializableClosure')
+                ? unserialize($missing)
+                : $missing;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Define the callable that should be invoked on a missing model exception.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure  $missing
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function missing($missing)
+    {
+        $this->action['missing'] = $missing;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get all middleware, including the ones from the controller.
      *
@@ -1167,8 +1197,10 @@ public function prepareForSerialization()
     {
         if ($this->action['uses'] instanceof Closure) {
             $this->action['uses'] = serialize(new SerializableClosure($this->action['uses']));
+        }
 
-            // throw new LogicException("Unable to prepare route [{$this->uri}] for serialization. Uses Closure.");
+        if (isset($this->action['missing']) && $this->action['missing'] instanceof Closure) {
+            $this->action['missing'] = serialize(new SerializableClosure($this->action['missing']));
         }
 
         $this->compileRoute();
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteAction.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteAction.php
index 5a8188e27bbd..74035d4ce064 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteAction.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteAction.php
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ protected static function makeInvokable($action)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if the given array actions contains a serialized Closure.
+     * Determine if the given array actions contain a serialized Closure.
      *
      * @param  array  $action
      * @return bool
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteUrlGenerator.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteUrlGenerator.php
index 5cc03c1e246c..5f1248966c77 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteUrlGenerator.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/RouteUrlGenerator.php
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ public function to($route, $parameters = [], $absolute = false)
             $route
         ), $parameters);
 
-        if (preg_match('/\{.*?\}/', $uri)) {
-            throw UrlGenerationException::forMissingParameters($route);
+        if (preg_match_all('/{(.*?)}/', $uri, $matchedMissingParameters)) {
+            throw UrlGenerationException::forMissingParameters($route, $matchedMissingParameters[1]);
         }
 
         // Once we have ensured that there are no missing parameters in the URI we will encode
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
index f1b61dc74dcf..dfdb7ae7332e 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Routing\Events\RouteMatched;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Support\Stringable;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Macroable;
 use JsonSerializable;
 use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface as PsrResponseInterface;
@@ -711,7 +712,13 @@ public function gatherRouteMiddleware(Route $route)
         })->flatten()->reject(function ($name) use ($excluded) {
             if (empty($excluded)) {
                 return false;
-            } elseif (in_array($name, $excluded, true)) {
+            }
+
+            if ($name instanceof Closure) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (in_array($name, $excluded, true)) {
                 return true;
             }
 
@@ -769,6 +776,8 @@ public static function toResponse($request, $response)
             $response = (new HttpFoundationFactory)->createResponse($response);
         } elseif ($response instanceof Model && $response->wasRecentlyCreated) {
             $response = new JsonResponse($response, 201);
+        } elseif ($response instanceof Stringable) {
+            $response = new Response($response->__toString(), 200, ['Content-Type' => 'text/html']);
         } elseif (! $response instanceof SymfonyResponse &&
                    ($response instanceof Arrayable ||
                     $response instanceof Jsonable ||
@@ -944,6 +953,18 @@ public function pushMiddlewareToGroup($group, $middleware)
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Flush the router's middleware groups.
+     *
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function flushMiddlewareGroups()
+    {
+        $this->middlewareGroups = [];
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Add a new route parameter binder.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Routing/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Routing/composer.json
index 110592c199f2..7af4069e701a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Routing/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Routing/composer.json
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@
         "illuminate/pipeline": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/session": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/routing": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/http-kernel": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/routing": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Session/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Session/composer.json
index 9fed8f136491..497737de37bb 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Session/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Session/composer.json
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
         "illuminate/contracts": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/filesystem": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/finder": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/finder": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Carbon.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Carbon.php
index 9383c3fd897d..004b27b0751e 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Carbon.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Carbon.php
@@ -3,8 +3,16 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Support;
 
 use Carbon\Carbon as BaseCarbon;
+use Carbon\CarbonImmutable as BaseCarbonImmutable;
 
 class Carbon extends BaseCarbon
 {
-    //
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    public static function setTestNow($testNow = null)
+    {
+        BaseCarbon::setTestNow($testNow);
+        BaseCarbonImmutable::setTestNow($testNow);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/ConfigurationUrlParser.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/ConfigurationUrlParser.php
index 946252fb6d15..be54b9a83d5b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/ConfigurationUrlParser.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/ConfigurationUrlParser.php
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ protected function parseStringsToNativeTypes($value)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get all of the current drivers aliases.
+     * Get all of the current drivers' aliases.
      *
      * @return array
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/DateFactory.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/DateFactory.php
index 72f22231dbf0..e1d0ca14cda8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/DateFactory.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/DateFactory.php
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public function __call($method, $parameters)
             return $dateClass::$method(...$parameters);
         }
 
-        // If that fails, create the date with the default class..
+        // If that fails, create the date with the default class...
         $date = $defaultClassName::$method(...$parameters);
 
         // If the configured class has an "instance" method, we'll try to pass our date into there...
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/App.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/App.php
index 63d8709143d7..935c1fc6ad9d 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/App.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/App.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  * @method static \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider register(\Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|string $provider, bool $force = false)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider resolveProvider(string $provider)
  * @method static array getProviders(\Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider|string $provider)
+ * @method static mixed make($abstract, array $parameters = [])
  * @method static bool configurationIsCached()
  * @method static bool hasBeenBootstrapped()
  * @method static bool isDownForMaintenance()
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Auth.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Auth.php
index 02ce2cd76b4c..eb9a05d2ed93 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Auth.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Auth.php
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
  * @method static int|string|null id()
  * @method static void login(\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user, bool $remember = false)
  * @method static void logout()
+ * @method static void logoutCurrentDevice()
  * @method static void setUser(\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable $user)
  * @method static void shouldUse(string $name);
  *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Bus.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Bus.php
index ec2c3f7ddc13..ec95d86243d6 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Bus.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Bus.php
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
  * @method static bool|mixed getCommandHandler($command)
  * @method static mixed dispatch($command)
  * @method static mixed dispatchNow($command, $handler = null)
- * @method static void assertDispatched(string $command, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertDispatched(string|\Closure $command, callable|int $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertDispatchedTimes(string $command, int $times = 1)
- * @method static void assertNotDispatched(string $command, callable $callback = null)
- * @method static void assertDispatchedAfterResponse(string $command, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertNotDispatched(string|\Closure $command, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertDispatchedAfterResponse(string|\Closure $command, callable|int $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertDispatchedAfterResponseTimes(string $command, int $times = 1)
- * @method static void assertNotDispatchedAfterResponse(string $command, callable $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertNotDispatchedAfterResponse(string|\Closure $command, callable $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertBatched(callable $callback)
  *
  * @see \Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\Dispatcher
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/DB.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/DB.php
index 44e3bfa8d7b3..997f790c0dd3 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/DB.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/DB.php
@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Support\Facades;
 
 /**
+ * @method static \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOConnection getPdo()
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\ConnectionInterface connection(string $name = null)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder table(string $table, string $as = null)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Query\Expression raw($value)
+ * @method static array getQueryLog()
  * @method static array prepareBindings(array $bindings)
  * @method static array pretend(\Closure $callback)
  * @method static array select(string $query, array $bindings = [], bool $useReadPdo = true)
  * @method static bool insert(string $query, array $bindings = [])
+ * @method static bool logging()
  * @method static bool statement(string $query, array $bindings = [])
  * @method static bool unprepared(string $query)
  * @method static int affectingStatement(string $query, array $bindings = [])
@@ -19,8 +22,12 @@
  * @method static mixed selectOne(string $query, array $bindings = [], bool $useReadPdo = true)
  * @method static mixed transaction(\Closure $callback, int $attempts = 1)
  * @method static string getDefaultConnection()
+ * @method static void afterCommit(\Closure $callback)
  * @method static void beginTransaction()
  * @method static void commit()
+ * @method static void enableQueryLog()
+ * @method static void disableQueryLog()
+ * @method static void flushQueryLog()
  * @method static void listen(\Closure $callback)
  * @method static void rollBack(int $toLevel = null)
  * @method static void setDefaultConnection(string $name)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Event.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Event.php
index d70d09334a1d..c6e0b014dc6c 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Event.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Event.php
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
  * @method static array|null dispatch(string|object $event, mixed $payload = [], bool $halt = false)
  * @method static array|null until(string|object $event, mixed $payload = [])
  * @method static bool hasListeners(string $eventName)
- * @method static void assertDispatched(string $event, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertDispatched(string|\Closure $event, callable|int $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertDispatchedTimes(string $event, int $times = 1)
- * @method static void assertNotDispatched(string $event, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertNotDispatched(string|\Closure $event, callable|int $callback = null)
  * @method static void flush(string $event)
  * @method static void forget(string $event)
  * @method static void forgetPushed()
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/File.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/File.php
index 2dfad0b2fde2..13cfdde63cfd 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/File.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/File.php
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
  * @method static string|false mimeType(string $path)
  * @method static void ensureDirectoryExists(string $path, int $mode = 0755, bool $recursive = true)
  * @method static void link(string $target, string $link)
+ * @method static \Illuminate\Support\LazyCollection lines(string $path)
  * @method static void relativeLink(string $target, string $link)
  * @method static void replace(string $path, string $content)
  *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Http.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Http.php
index 9a81b017d7f3..c6a26b2108cd 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Http.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Http.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
  * @method static \Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest bodyFormat(string $format)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest contentType(string $contentType)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest retry(int $times, int $sleep = 0)
+ * @method static \Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest sink($to)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest stub(callable $callback)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest timeout(int $seconds)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Http\Client\PendingRequest withBasicAuth(string $username, string $password)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Mail.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Mail.php
index 887629d67950..36796e752e55 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Mail.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Mail.php
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
  * @method static void assertNotSent(string $mailable, callable|int $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertNothingQueued()
  * @method static void assertNothingSent()
- * @method static void assertQueued(string $mailable, callable|int $callback = null)
- * @method static void assertSent(string $mailable, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertQueued(string|\Closure $mailable, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertSent(string|\Closure $mailable, callable|int $callback = null)
  * @method static void raw(string $text, $callback)
  * @method static void plain(string $view, array $data, $callback)
  * @method static void html(string $html, $callback)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Notification.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Notification.php
index b3e858978c5c..8ab683eaf74b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Notification.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Notification.php
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
  * @method static \Illuminate\Support\Collection sent(mixed $notifiable, string $notification, callable $callback = null)
  * @method static bool hasSent(mixed $notifiable, string $notification)
  * @method static mixed channel(string|null $name = null)
- * @method static void assertNotSentTo(mixed $notifiable, string $notification, callable $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertNotSentTo(mixed $notifiable, string|\Closure $notification, callable $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertNothingSent()
- * @method static void assertSentTo(mixed $notifiable, string $notification, callable $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertSentTo(mixed $notifiable, string|\Closure $notification, callable $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertSentToTimes(mixed $notifiable, string $notification, int $times = 1)
  * @method static void assertTimesSent(int $expectedCount, string $notification)
  * @method static void send(\Illuminate\Support\Collection|array|mixed $notifiables, $notification)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/ParallelTesting.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/ParallelTesting.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c3976113501f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/ParallelTesting.php
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Support\Facades;
+
+/**
+ * @method static void setUpProcess(callable $callback)
+ * @method static void setUpTestCase(callable $callback)
+ * @method static void setUpTestDatabase(callable $callback)
+ * @method static void tearDownProcess(callable $callback)
+ * @method static void tearDownTestCase(callable $callback)
+ * @method static int|false token()
+ *
+ * @see \Illuminate\Testing\ParallelTesting
+ */
+class ParallelTesting extends Facade
+{
+    /**
+     * Get the registered name of the component.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected static function getFacadeAccessor()
+    {
+        return \Illuminate\Testing\ParallelTesting::class;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Password.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Password.php
index 1903af244d78..4ff371f9cece 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Password.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Password.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 /**
  * @method static mixed reset(array $credentials, \Closure $callback)
- * @method static string sendResetLink(array $credentials)
+ * @method static string sendResetLink(array $credentials, \Closure $callback = null)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword getUser(array $credentials)
  * @method static string createToken(\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword $user)
  * @method static void deleteToken(\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword $user)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Queue.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Queue.php
index 3eeb767472b8..a057390e530f 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Queue.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Queue.php
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
  * @method static mixed pushOn(string $queue, string|object $job, mixed $data = '')
  * @method static mixed pushRaw(string $payload, string $queue = null, array $options = [])
  * @method static string getConnectionName()
- * @method static void assertNotPushed(string $job, callable $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertNotPushed(string|\Closure $job, callable $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertNothingPushed()
- * @method static void assertPushed(string $job, callable|int $callback = null)
- * @method static void assertPushedOn(string $queue, string $job, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertPushed(string|\Closure $job, callable|int $callback = null)
+ * @method static void assertPushedOn(string $queue, string|\Closure $job, callable|int $callback = null)
  * @method static void assertPushedWithChain(string $job, array $expectedChain = [], callable $callback = null)
  * @method static void popUsing(string $workerName, callable $callback)
  *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Route.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Route.php
index ab5764b86be2..7f36be9910bc 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Route.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Route.php
@@ -25,17 +25,18 @@
  * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar domain(string $value)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar middleware(array|string|null $middleware)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar name(string $value)
- * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar namespace(string $value)
+ * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar namespace(string|null $value)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar prefix(string  $prefix)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar where(array  $where)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\Router|\Illuminate\Routing\RouteRegistrar group(\Closure|string|array $attributes, \Closure|string $routes)
+ * @method static \Illuminate\Routing\ResourceRegistrar resourceVerbs(array $verbs = [])
  * @method static string|null currentRouteAction()
  * @method static string|null currentRouteName()
  * @method static void apiResources(array $resources, array $options = [])
  * @method static void bind(string $key, string|callable $binder)
  * @method static void model(string $key, string $class, \Closure|null $callback = null)
  * @method static void pattern(string $key, string $pattern)
- * @method static void resources(array $resources)
+ * @method static void resources(array $resources, array $options = [])
  * @method static void substituteImplicitBindings(\Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route $route)
  * @method static boolean uses(...$patterns)
  * @method static boolean is(...$patterns)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Schema.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Schema.php
index f11c58bc069f..8c5b32c21ead 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Schema.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Schema.php
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@
 
 /**
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder create(string $table, \Closure $callback)
+ * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder createDatabase(string $name)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder disableForeignKeyConstraints()
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder drop(string $table)
+ * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder dropDatabaseIfExists(string $name)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder dropIfExists(string $table)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder enableForeignKeyConstraints()
  * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder rename(string $from, string $to)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Session.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Session.php
index 70e42e20ef16..12a4547a1fbb 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Session.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Session.php
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  * @method static bool save()
  * @method static bool start()
  * @method static mixed get(string $key, $default = null)
+ * @method static mixed flash(string $class, string $message)
  * @method static mixed pull(string $key, $default = null)
  * @method static mixed remove(string $key)
  * @method static string getId()
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Storage.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Storage.php
index 3c7154a63c82..1111faf81479 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Storage.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Storage.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  * @method static \Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemManager extend(string $driver, \Closure $callback)
  * @method static bool makeDirectory(string $path)
  * @method static bool move(string $from, string $to)
+ * @method static string path(string $path)
  * @method static bool prepend(string $path, string $data)
  * @method static bool put(string $path, string|resource $contents, mixed $options = [])
  * @method static string|false putFile(string $path, \Illuminate\Http\File|\Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile|string $file, mixed $options = [])
@@ -50,9 +51,13 @@ public static function fake($disk = null, array $config = [])
     {
         $disk = $disk ?: static::$app['config']->get('filesystems.default');
 
-        (new Filesystem)->cleanDirectory(
-            $root = storage_path('framework/testing/disks/'.$disk)
-        );
+        $root = storage_path('framework/testing/disks/'.$disk);
+
+        if ($token = ParallelTesting::token()) {
+            $root = "{$root}_test_{$token}";
+        }
+
+        (new Filesystem)->cleanDirectory($root);
 
         static::set($disk, $fake = static::createLocalDriver(array_merge($config, [
             'root' => $root,
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/URL.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/URL.php
index 9e11006d8697..7d9941d7c027 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/URL.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/URL.php
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@
 /**
  * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\UrlGenerator setRootControllerNamespace(string $rootNamespace)
  * @method static bool hasValidSignature(\Illuminate\Http\Request $request, bool $absolute = true)
- * @method static string action(string $action, $parameters = [], bool $absolute = true)
+ * @method static string action(string|array $action, $parameters = [], bool $absolute = true)
  * @method static string asset(string $path, bool $secure = null)
  * @method static string secureAsset(string $path)
  * @method static string current()
  * @method static string full()
+ * @method static void macro(string $name, object|callable $macro)
+ * @method static void mixin(object $mixin, bool $replace = true)
  * @method static string previous($fallback = false)
  * @method static string route(string $name, $parameters = [], bool $absolute = true)
  * @method static string secure(string $path, array $parameters = [])
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/View.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/View.php
index 314053a46afd..9b66464c9d96 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/View.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/View.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 /**
  * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory addNamespace(string $namespace, string|array $hints)
- * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory first(array $views, \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|array $data, array $mergeData)
+ * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\View\View first(array $views, \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable|array $data = [], array $mergeData = [])
  * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory replaceNamespace(string $namespace, string|array $hints)
  * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\View\View file(string $path, array $data = [], array $mergeData = [])
  * @method static \Illuminate\Contracts\View\View make(string $view, array $data = [], array $mergeData = [])
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Pluralizer.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Pluralizer.php
index e7539a99aff2..5babd0e0e153 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Pluralizer.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Pluralizer.php
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class Pluralizer
      */
     public static function plural($value, $count = 2)
     {
-        if ((int) abs($count) === 1 || static::uncountable($value)) {
+        if ((int) abs($count) === 1 || static::uncountable($value) || preg_match('/^(.*)[A-Za-z0-9\x{0080}-\x{FFFF}]$/u', $value) == 0) {
             return $value;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php
index bd54885d9d1b..c1ea0017b782 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Support;
 
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Macroable;
+use League\CommonMark\GithubFlavoredMarkdownConverter;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Codec\TimestampFirstCombCodec;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Generator\CombGenerator;
 use Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid;
@@ -376,6 +377,20 @@ public static function words($value, $words = 100, $end = '...')
         return rtrim($matches[0]).$end;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Converts GitHub flavored Markdown into HTML.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $string
+     * @param  array  $options
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public static function markdown($string, array $options = [])
+    {
+        $converter = new GithubFlavoredMarkdownConverter($options);
+
+        return $converter->convertToHtml($string);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Pad both sides of a string with another.
      *
@@ -681,7 +696,7 @@ public static function studly($value)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters.
+     * Returns the portion of the string specified by the start and length parameters.
      *
      * @param  string  $string
      * @param  int  $start
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Stringable.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Stringable.php
index c24d19e6a923..0d544a3987cf 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Stringable.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Stringable.php
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 
 use Closure;
 use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Macroable;
+use Illuminate\Support\Traits\Tappable;
+use JsonSerializable;
 use Symfony\Component\VarDumper\VarDumper;
 
-class Stringable
+class Stringable implements JsonSerializable
 {
-    use Macroable;
+    use Macroable, Tappable;
 
     /**
      * The underlying string value.
@@ -318,6 +320,17 @@ public function lower()
         return new static(Str::lower($this->value));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convert GitHub flavored Markdown into HTML.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $options
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function markdown(array $options = [])
+    {
+        return new static(Str::markdown($this->value, $options));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the string matching the given pattern.
      *
@@ -352,6 +365,17 @@ public function matchAll($pattern)
         return collect($matches[1] ?? $matches[0]);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the string matches the given pattern.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $pattern
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function test($pattern)
+    {
+        return $this->match($pattern)->isNotEmpty();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Pad both sides of the string with another.
      *
@@ -399,6 +423,17 @@ public function parseCallback($default = null)
         return Str::parseCallback($this->value, $default);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Call the given callback and return a new string.
+     *
+     * @param callable $callback
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public function pipe(callable $callback)
+    {
+        return new static(call_user_func($callback, $this));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the plural form of an English word.
      *
@@ -583,7 +618,7 @@ public function studly()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters.
+     * Returns the portion of the string specified by the start and length parameters.
      *
      * @param  int  $start
      * @param  int|null  $length
@@ -722,6 +757,16 @@ public function dd()
         exit(1);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Convert the object to a string when JSON encoded.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function jsonSerialize()
+    {
+        return $this->__toString();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Proxy dynamic properties onto methods.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/BusFake.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/BusFake.php
index 91deda3bdeaa..5b5b68534583 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/BusFake.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/BusFake.php
@@ -184,6 +184,142 @@ public function assertNotDispatchedAfterResponse($command, $callback = null)
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Assert if a chain of jobs was dispatched.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $expectedChain
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertChained(array $expectedChain)
+    {
+        $command = $expectedChain[0];
+
+        $expectedChain = array_slice($expectedChain, 1);
+
+        $callback = null;
+
+        if ($command instanceof Closure) {
+            [$command, $callback] = [$this->firstClosureParameterType($command), $command];
+        } elseif (! is_string($command)) {
+            $instance = $command;
+
+            $command = get_class($instance);
+
+            $callback = function ($job) use ($instance) {
+                return serialize($this->resetChainPropertiesToDefaults($job)) === serialize($instance);
+            };
+        }
+
+        PHPUnit::assertTrue(
+            $this->dispatched($command, $callback)->isNotEmpty(),
+            "The expected [{$command}] job was not dispatched."
+        );
+
+        PHPUnit::assertTrue(
+            collect($expectedChain)->isNotEmpty(),
+            'The expected chain can not be empty.'
+        );
+
+        $this->isChainOfObjects($expectedChain)
+            ? $this->assertDispatchedWithChainOfObjects($command, $expectedChain, $callback)
+            : $this->assertDispatchedWithChainOfClasses($command, $expectedChain, $callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the chain properties to their default values on the job.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed  $job
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    protected function resetChainPropertiesToDefaults($job)
+    {
+        return tap(clone $job, function ($job) {
+            $job->chainConnection = null;
+            $job->chainQueue = null;
+            $job->chainCatchCallbacks = null;
+            $job->chained = [];
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assert if a job was dispatched with an empty chain based on a truth-test callback.
+     *
+     * @param  string|\Closure  $command
+     * @param  callable|null  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertDispatchedWithoutChain($command, $callback = null)
+    {
+        if ($command instanceof Closure) {
+            [$command, $callback] = [$this->firstClosureParameterType($command), $command];
+        }
+
+        PHPUnit::assertTrue(
+            $this->dispatched($command, $callback)->isNotEmpty(),
+            "The expected [{$command}] job was not dispatched."
+        );
+
+        $this->assertDispatchedWithChainOfClasses($command, [], $callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assert if a job was dispatched with chained jobs based on a truth-test callback.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $command
+     * @param  array  $expectedChain
+     * @param  callable|null  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function assertDispatchedWithChainOfObjects($command, $expectedChain, $callback)
+    {
+        $chain = collect($expectedChain)->map(function ($job) {
+            return serialize($job);
+        })->all();
+
+        PHPUnit::assertTrue(
+            $this->dispatched($command, $callback)->filter(function ($job) use ($chain) {
+                return $job->chained == $chain;
+            })->isNotEmpty(),
+            'The expected chain was not dispatched.'
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assert if a job was dispatched with chained jobs based on a truth-test callback.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $command
+     * @param  array  $expectedChain
+     * @param  callable|null  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function assertDispatchedWithChainOfClasses($command, $expectedChain, $callback)
+    {
+        $matching = $this->dispatched($command, $callback)->map->chained->map(function ($chain) {
+            return collect($chain)->map(function ($job) {
+                return get_class(unserialize($job));
+            });
+        })->filter(function ($chain) use ($expectedChain) {
+            return $chain->all() === $expectedChain;
+        });
+
+        PHPUnit::assertTrue(
+            $matching->isNotEmpty(), 'The expected chain was not dispatched.'
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if the given chain is entirely composed of objects.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $chain
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function isChainOfObjects($chain)
+    {
+        return ! collect($chain)->contains(function ($job) {
+            return ! is_object($job);
+        });
+    }
+
     /**
      * Assert if a batch was dispatched based on a truth-test callback.
      *
@@ -408,7 +544,7 @@ public function recordPendingBatch(PendingBatch $pendingBatch)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Determine if an command should be faked or actually dispatched.
+     * Determine if a command should be faked or actually dispatched.
      *
      * @param  mixed  $command
      * @return bool
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/EventFake.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/EventFake.php
index 84f67482ebe3..90f30212ef7b 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/EventFake.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/EventFake.php
@@ -106,6 +106,21 @@ public function assertNotDispatched($event, $callback = null)
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Assert that no events were dispatched.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function assertNothingDispatched()
+    {
+        $count = count(Arr::flatten($this->events));
+
+        PHPUnit::assertSame(
+            0, $count,
+            "{$count} unexpected events were dispatched."
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get all of the events matching a truth-test callback.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/MailFake.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/MailFake.php
index 8d0680a1e1ee..eb548b6910b3 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/MailFake.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/MailFake.php
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ public function raw($text, $callback)
     /**
      * Send a new message using a view.
      *
-     * @param  string|array  $view
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable|string|array  $view
      * @param  array  $data
      * @param  \Closure|string|null  $callback
      * @return void
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ public function send($view, array $data = [], $callback = null)
     /**
      * Queue a new e-mail message for sending.
      *
-     * @param  string|array  $view
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable|string|array  $view
      * @param  string|null  $queue
      * @return mixed
      */
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/PendingMailFake.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/PendingMailFake.php
index 31100a431e74..c39012501ae6 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/PendingMailFake.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/Testing/Fakes/PendingMailFake.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public function __construct($mailer)
     /**
      * Send a new mailable message instance.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable  $mailable;
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable  $mailable
      * @return mixed
      */
     public function send(Mailable $mailable)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public function send(Mailable $mailable)
     /**
      * Push the given mailable onto the queue.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable  $mailable;
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailable  $mailable
      * @return mixed
      */
     public function queue(Mailable $mailable)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Support/composer.json
index c1202497d359..657c625c5eb3 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/composer.json
@@ -42,9 +42,10 @@
     },
     "suggest": {
         "illuminate/filesystem": "Required to use the composer class (^8.0).",
+        "league/commonmark": "Required to use Str::markdown() and Stringable::markdown() (^1.3).",
         "ramsey/uuid": "Required to use Str::uuid() (^4.0).",
-        "symfony/process": "Required to use the composer class (^5.1).",
-        "symfony/var-dumper": "Required to use the dd function (^5.1).",
+        "symfony/process": "Required to use the composer class (^5.1.4).",
+        "symfony/var-dumper": "Required to use the dd function (^5.1.4).",
         "vlucas/phpdotenv": "Required to use the Env class and env helper (^5.2)."
     },
     "config": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php
index f44371bb469e..8795e276d07b 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ function class_uses_recursive($class)
     /**
      * Encode HTML special characters in a string.
      *
-     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\DeferringDisplayableValue|\Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Htmlable|string  $value
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\DeferringDisplayableValue|\Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Htmlable|string|null  $value
      * @param  bool  $doubleEncode
      * @return string
      */
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ function e($value, $doubleEncode = true)
             return $value->toHtml();
         }
 
-        return htmlspecialchars($value, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', $doubleEncode);
+        return htmlspecialchars($value ?? '', ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', $doubleEncode);
     }
 }
 
@@ -277,10 +277,14 @@ function tap($value, $callback = null)
      *
      * @throws \Throwable
      */
-    function throw_if($condition, $exception, ...$parameters)
+    function throw_if($condition, $exception = 'RuntimeException', ...$parameters)
     {
         if ($condition) {
-            throw (is_string($exception) ? new $exception(...$parameters) : $exception);
+            if (is_string($exception) && class_exists($exception)) {
+                $exception = new $exception(...$parameters);
+            }
+
+            throw is_string($exception) ? new RuntimeException($exception) : $exception;
         }
 
         return $condition;
@@ -298,10 +302,14 @@ function throw_if($condition, $exception, ...$parameters)
      *
      * @throws \Throwable
      */
-    function throw_unless($condition, $exception, ...$parameters)
+    function throw_unless($condition, $exception = 'RuntimeException', ...$parameters)
     {
         if (! $condition) {
-            throw (is_string($exception) ? new $exception(...$parameters) : $exception);
+            if (is_string($exception) && class_exists($exception)) {
+                $exception = new $exception(...$parameters);
+            }
+
+            throw is_string($exception) ? new RuntimeException($exception) : $exception;
         }
 
         return $condition;
@@ -317,7 +325,7 @@ function throw_unless($condition, $exception, ...$parameters)
      */
     function trait_uses_recursive($trait)
     {
-        $traits = class_uses($trait);
+        $traits = class_uses($trait) ?: [];
 
         foreach ($traits as $trait) {
             $traits += trait_uses_recursive($trait);
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/AssertableJsonString.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/AssertableJsonString.php
index 5a73afe50c7f..e36c84aa300d 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Testing/AssertableJsonString.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/AssertableJsonString.php
@@ -276,8 +276,7 @@ public function assertSubset(array $data, $strict = false)
     /**
      * Reorder associative array keys to make it easy to compare arrays.
      *
-     * @param array $data
-     *
+     * @param  array  $data
      * @return array
      */
     protected function reorderAssocKeys(array $data)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/Concerns/TestDatabases.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/Concerns/TestDatabases.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7f81c604bcdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/Concerns/TestDatabases.php
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Testing\Concerns;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\QueryException;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing;
+use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\ParallelTesting;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+trait TestDatabases
+{
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the test database schema is up to date.
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    protected static $schemaIsUpToDate = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Boot a test database.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function bootTestDatabase()
+    {
+        ParallelTesting::setUpProcess(function () {
+            $this->whenNotUsingInMemoryDatabase(function ($database) {
+                if (ParallelTesting::option('recreate_databases')) {
+                    Schema::dropDatabaseIfExists(
+                        $this->testDatabase($database)
+                    );
+                }
+            });
+        });
+
+        ParallelTesting::setUpTestCase(function ($testCase) {
+            $uses = array_flip(class_uses_recursive(get_class($testCase)));
+
+            $databaseTraits = [
+                Testing\DatabaseMigrations::class,
+                Testing\DatabaseTransactions::class,
+                Testing\RefreshDatabase::class,
+            ];
+
+            if (Arr::hasAny($uses, $databaseTraits)) {
+                $this->whenNotUsingInMemoryDatabase(function ($database) use ($uses) {
+                    [$testDatabase, $created] = $this->ensureTestDatabaseExists($database);
+
+                    $this->switchToDatabase($testDatabase);
+
+                    if (isset($uses[Testing\DatabaseTransactions::class])) {
+                        $this->ensureSchemaIsUpToDate();
+                    }
+
+                    if ($created) {
+                        ParallelTesting::callSetUpTestDatabaseCallbacks($testDatabase);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure a test database exists and returns its name.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $database
+     *
+     * @return array
+     */
+    protected function ensureTestDatabaseExists($database)
+    {
+        $testDatabase = $this->testDatabase($database);
+
+        try {
+            $this->usingDatabase($testDatabase, function () {
+                Schema::hasTable('dummy');
+            });
+        } catch (QueryException $e) {
+            $this->usingDatabase($database, function () use ($testDatabase) {
+                Schema::dropDatabaseIfExists($testDatabase);
+                Schema::createDatabase($testDatabase);
+            });
+
+            return [$testDatabase, true];
+        }
+
+        return [$testDatabase, false];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure the current database test schema is up to date.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function ensureSchemaIsUpToDate()
+    {
+        if (! static::$schemaIsUpToDate) {
+            Artisan::call('migrate');
+
+            static::$schemaIsUpToDate = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs the given callable using the given database.
+     *
+     * @param  string $database
+     * @param  callable $callable
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function usingDatabase($database, $callable)
+    {
+        $original = DB::getConfig('database');
+
+        try {
+            $this->switchToDatabase($database);
+            $callable();
+        } finally {
+            $this->switchToDatabase($original);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply the given callback when tests are not using in memory database.
+     *
+     * @param  callable $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function whenNotUsingInMemoryDatabase($callback)
+    {
+        $database = DB::getConfig('database');
+
+        if ($database != ':memory:') {
+            $callback($database);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Switch to the given database.
+     *
+     * @param  string $database
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function switchToDatabase($database)
+    {
+        DB::purge();
+
+        $default = config('database.default');
+
+        $url = config("database.connections.{$default}.url");
+
+        if ($url) {
+            config()->set(
+                "database.connections.{$default}.url",
+                preg_replace('/^(.*)(\/[\w-]*)(\??.*)$/', "$1/{$database}$3", $url),
+            );
+        } else {
+            config()->set(
+                "database.connections.{$default}.database",
+                $database,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the test database name.
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function testDatabase($database)
+    {
+        $token = ParallelTesting::token();
+
+        return "{$database}_test_{$token}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/Constraints/HasInDatabase.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/Constraints/HasInDatabase.php
index 73af3ddc13b7..039ee4425d99 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Testing/Constraints/HasInDatabase.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/Constraints/HasInDatabase.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Testing\Constraints;
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Query\Expression;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Constraint\Constraint;
 
 class HasInDatabase extends Constraint
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelConsoleOutput.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelConsoleOutput.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7444be3b92d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelConsoleOutput.php
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Testing;
+
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput;
+
+class ParallelConsoleOutput extends ConsoleOutput
+{
+    /**
+     * The original output instance.
+     *
+     * @var \Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface
+     */
+    protected $output;
+
+    /**
+     * The output that should be ignored.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $ignore = [
+        'Running phpunit in',
+        'Configuration read from',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new Parallel ConsoleOutput instance.
+     *
+     * @param  \Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct($output)
+    {
+        parent::__construct(
+            $output->getVerbosity(),
+            $output->isDecorated(),
+            $output->getFormatter(),
+        );
+
+        $this->output = $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes a message to the output.
+     *
+     * @param  string|iterable  $messages
+     * @param  bool  $newline
+     * @param  int  $options
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function write($messages, bool $newline = false, int $options = 0)
+    {
+        $messages = collect($messages)->filter(function ($message) {
+            return ! Str::contains($message, $this->ignore);
+        });
+
+        $this->output->write($messages->toArray(), $newline, $options);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelRunner.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelRunner.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..802fe22ca30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelRunner.php
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Testing;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\ParallelTesting;
+use ParaTest\Runners\PHPUnit\Options;
+use ParaTest\Runners\PHPUnit\RunnerInterface;
+use ParaTest\Runners\PHPUnit\WrapperRunner;
+use PHPUnit\TextUI\XmlConfiguration\PhpHandler;
+use RuntimeException;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
+
+class ParallelRunner implements RunnerInterface
+{
+    /**
+     * The application resolver callback.
+     *
+     * @var \Closure|null
+     */
+    protected static $applicationResolver;
+
+    /**
+     * The original test runner options.
+     *
+     * @var \ParaTest\Runners\PHPUnit\Options
+     */
+    protected $options;
+
+    /**
+     * The output instance.
+     *
+     * @var \Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface
+     */
+    protected $output;
+
+    /**
+     * The original test runner.
+     *
+     * @var \ParaTest\Runners\PHPUnit\RunnerInterface
+     */
+    protected $runner;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new test runner instance.
+     *
+     * @param  \ParaTest\Runners\PHPUnit\Options  $options
+     * @param  \Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface  $output
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct(Options $options, OutputInterface $output)
+    {
+        $this->options = $options;
+
+        if ($output instanceof ConsoleOutput) {
+            $output = new ParallelConsoleOutput($output);
+        }
+
+        $this->runner = new WrapperRunner($options, $output);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the application resolver callback.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure|null  $resolver
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public static function resolveApplicationUsing($resolver)
+    {
+        static::$applicationResolver = $resolver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runs the test suite.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function run(): void
+    {
+        (new PhpHandler)->handle($this->options->configuration()->php());
+
+        $this->forEachProcess(function () {
+            ParallelTesting::callSetUpProcessCallbacks();
+        });
+
+        try {
+            $this->runner->run();
+        } finally {
+            $this->forEachProcess(function () {
+                ParallelTesting::callTearDownProcessCallbacks();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the highest exit code encountered throughout the course of test execution.
+     *
+     * @return int
+     */
+    public function getExitCode(): int
+    {
+        return $this->runner->getExitCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply the given callback for each process.
+     *
+     * @param  callable $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function forEachProcess($callback)
+    {
+        collect(range(1, $this->options->processes()))->each(function ($token) use ($callback) {
+            tap($this->createApplication(), function ($app) use ($callback, $token) {
+                ParallelTesting::resolveTokenUsing(function () use ($token) {
+                    return $token;
+                });
+
+                $callback($app);
+            })->flush();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the application.
+     *
+     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application
+     */
+    protected function createApplication()
+    {
+        $applicationResolver = static::$applicationResolver ?: function () {
+            if (trait_exists(\Tests\CreatesApplication::class)) {
+                $applicationCreator = new class {
+                    use \Tests\CreatesApplication;
+                };
+
+                return $applicationCreator->createApplication();
+            } elseif (file_exists(getcwd().'/bootstrap/app.php')) {
+                $app = require getcwd().'/bootstrap/app.php';
+
+                $app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
+
+                return $app;
+            }
+
+            throw new RuntimeException('Parallel Runner unable to resolve application.');
+        };
+
+        return call_user_func($applicationResolver);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelTesting.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelTesting.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11ebcfa89ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelTesting.php
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Testing;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+class ParallelTesting
+{
+    /**
+     * The container instance.
+     *
+     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container
+     */
+    protected $container;
+
+    /**
+     * The options resolver callback.
+     *
+     * @var \Closure|null
+     */
+    protected $optionsResolver;
+
+    /**
+     * The token resolver callback.
+     *
+     * @var \Closure|null
+     */
+    protected $tokenResolver;
+
+    /**
+     * All of the registered "setUp" process callbacks.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $setUpProcessCallbacks = [];
+
+    /**
+     * All of the registered "setUp" test case callbacks.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $setUpTestCaseCallbacks = [];
+
+    /**
+     * All of the registered "setUp" test database callbacks.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $setUpTestDatabaseCallbacks = [];
+
+    /**
+     * All of the registered "tearDown" process callbacks.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $tearDownProcessCallbacks = [];
+
+    /**
+     * All of the registered "tearDown" test case callbacks.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $tearDownTestCaseCallbacks = [];
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new parallel testing instance.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container  $container
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function __construct(Container $container)
+    {
+        $this->container = $container;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a callback that should be used when resolving options.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function resolveOptionsUsing($resolver)
+    {
+        $this->optionsResolver = $resolver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a callback that should be used when resolving the unique process token.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure|null  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function resolveTokenUsing($resolver)
+    {
+        $this->tokenResolver = $resolver;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a "setUp" process callback.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setUpProcess($callback)
+    {
+        $this->setUpProcessCallbacks[] = $callback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a "setUp" test case callback.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setUpTestCase($callback)
+    {
+        $this->setUpTestCaseCallbacks[] = $callback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a "setUp" test database callback.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function setUpTestDatabase($callback)
+    {
+        $this->setUpTestDatabaseCallbacks[] = $callback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a "tearDown" process callback.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function tearDownProcess($callback)
+    {
+        $this->tearDownProcessCallbacks[] = $callback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a "tearDown" test case callback.
+     *
+     * @param  callable  $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function tearDownTestCase($callback)
+    {
+        $this->tearDownTestCaseCallbacks[] = $callback;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call all of the "setUp" process callbacks.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function callSetUpProcessCallbacks()
+    {
+        $this->whenRunningInParallel(function () {
+            foreach ($this->setUpProcessCallbacks as $callback) {
+                $this->container->call($callback, [
+                    'token' => $this->token(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call all of the "setUp" test case callbacks.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase  $testCase
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function callSetUpTestCaseCallbacks($testCase)
+    {
+        $this->whenRunningInParallel(function () use ($testCase) {
+            foreach ($this->setUpTestCaseCallbacks as $callback) {
+                $this->container->call($callback, [
+                    'testCase' => $testCase,
+                    'token' => $this->token(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call all of the "setUp" test database callbacks.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $database
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function callSetUpTestDatabaseCallbacks($database)
+    {
+        $this->whenRunningInParallel(function () use ($database) {
+            foreach ($this->setUpTestDatabaseCallbacks as $callback) {
+                $this->container->call($callback, [
+                    'database' => $database,
+                    'token' => $this->token(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call all of the "tearDown" process callbacks.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function callTearDownProcessCallbacks()
+    {
+        $this->whenRunningInParallel(function () {
+            foreach ($this->tearDownProcessCallbacks as $callback) {
+                $this->container->call($callback, [
+                    'token' => $this->token(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call all of the "tearDown" test case callbacks.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase  $testCase
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function callTearDownTestCaseCallbacks($testCase)
+    {
+        $this->whenRunningInParallel(function () use ($testCase) {
+            foreach ($this->tearDownTestCaseCallbacks as $callback) {
+                $this->container->call($callback, [
+                    'testCase' => $testCase,
+                    'token' => $this->token(),
+                ]);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an parallel testing option.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $option
+     * @return mixed
+     */
+    public function option($option)
+    {
+        $optionsResolver = $this->optionsResolver ?: function ($option) {
+            $option = 'LARAVEL_PARALLEL_TESTING_'.Str::upper($option);
+
+            return $_SERVER[$option] ?? false;
+        };
+
+        return call_user_func($optionsResolver, $option);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a unique test token.
+     *
+     * @return int|false
+     */
+    public function token()
+    {
+        return $token = $this->tokenResolver
+            ? call_user_func($this->tokenResolver)
+            : ($_SERVER['TEST_TOKEN'] ?? false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply the callback if tests are running in parallel.
+     *
+     * @param  callable $callback
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function whenRunningInParallel($callback)
+    {
+        if ($this->inParallel()) {
+            $callback();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the current tests are been run in parallel.
+     *
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    protected function inParallel()
+    {
+        return ! empty($_SERVER['LARAVEL_PARALLEL_TESTING']) && $this->token();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelTestingServiceProvider.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelTestingServiceProvider.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..20b900d2e58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/ParallelTestingServiceProvider.php
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Testing;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\DeferrableProvider;
+use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
+use Illuminate\Testing\Concerns\TestDatabases;
+
+class ParallelTestingServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider implements DeferrableProvider
+{
+    use TestDatabases;
+
+    /**
+     * Boot the application's service providers.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function boot()
+    {
+        if ($this->app->runningInConsole()) {
+            $this->bootTestDatabase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register the service provider.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function register()
+    {
+        if ($this->app->runningInConsole()) {
+            $this->app->singleton(ParallelTesting::class, function () {
+                return new ParallelTesting($this->app);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/PendingCommand.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/PendingCommand.php
index 8974aac1226b..e0f4417f607a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Testing/PendingCommand.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/PendingCommand.php
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class PendingCommand
     protected $expectedExitCode;
 
     /**
-     * Determine if command has executed.
+     * Determine if the command has executed.
      *
      * @var bool
      */
@@ -157,12 +157,24 @@ public function doesntExpectOutput($output)
      */
     public function expectsTable($headers, $rows, $tableStyle = 'default', array $columnStyles = [])
     {
-        $this->test->expectedTables[] = [
-            'headers' => (array) $headers,
-            'rows' => $rows instanceof Arrayable ? $rows->toArray() : $rows,
-            'tableStyle' => $tableStyle,
-            'columnStyles' => $columnStyles,
-        ];
+        $table = (new Table($output = new BufferedOutput))
+            ->setHeaders((array) $headers)
+            ->setRows($rows instanceof Arrayable ? $rows->toArray() : $rows)
+            ->setStyle($tableStyle);
+
+        foreach ($columnStyles as $columnIndex => $columnStyle) {
+            $table->setColumnStyle($columnIndex, $columnStyle);
+        }
+
+        $table->render();
+
+        $lines = array_filter(
+            explode(PHP_EOL, $output->fetch())
+        );
+
+        foreach ($lines as $line) {
+            $this->expectsOutput($line);
+        }
 
         return $this;
     }
@@ -305,8 +317,6 @@ private function createABufferedOutputMock()
                 ->shouldAllowMockingProtectedMethods()
                 ->shouldIgnoreMissing();
 
-        $this->applyTableOutputExpectations($mock);
-
         foreach ($this->test->expectedOutput as $i => $output) {
             $mock->shouldReceive('doWrite')
                 ->once()
@@ -330,38 +340,6 @@ private function createABufferedOutputMock()
         return $mock;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Apply the output table expectations to the mock.
-     *
-     * @param  \Mockery\MockInterface  $mock
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function applyTableOutputExpectations($mock)
-    {
-        foreach ($this->test->expectedTables as $i => $consoleTable) {
-            $table = (new Table($output = new BufferedOutput))
-                ->setHeaders($consoleTable['headers'])
-                ->setRows($consoleTable['rows'])
-                ->setStyle($consoleTable['tableStyle']);
-
-            foreach ($consoleTable['columnStyles'] as $columnIndex => $columnStyle) {
-                $table->setColumnStyle($columnIndex, $columnStyle);
-            }
-
-            $table->render();
-
-            $lines = array_filter(
-                explode("\n", $output->fetch())
-            );
-
-            foreach ($lines as $line) {
-                $this->expectsOutput($line);
-            }
-
-            unset($this->test->expectedTables[$i]);
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Flush the expectations from the test case.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/TestResponse.php b/src/Illuminate/Testing/TestResponse.php
index f5e9b39d5295..1bfc75285518 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Testing/TestResponse.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/TestResponse.php
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ public function assertHeader($headerName, $value = null)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Asserts that the response does not contains the given header.
+     * Asserts that the response does not contain the given header.
      *
      * @param  string  $headerName
      * @return $this
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ public function assertCookieExpired($cookieName)
         $expiresAt = Carbon::createFromTimestamp($cookie->getExpiresTime());
 
         PHPUnit::assertTrue(
-            $expiresAt->lessThan(Carbon::now()),
+            0 !== $cookie->getExpiresTime() && $expiresAt->lessThan(Carbon::now()),
             "Cookie [{$cookieName}] is not expired, it expires at [{$expiresAt}]."
         );
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ public function assertCookieNotExpired($cookieName)
         $expiresAt = Carbon::createFromTimestamp($cookie->getExpiresTime());
 
         PHPUnit::assertTrue(
-            $expiresAt->greaterThan(Carbon::now()),
+            0 === $cookie->getExpiresTime() || $expiresAt->greaterThan(Carbon::now()),
             "Cookie [{$cookieName}] is expired, it expired at [{$expiresAt}]."
         );
 
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ public function assertCookieNotExpired($cookieName)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Asserts that the response does not contains the given cookie.
+     * Asserts that the response does not contain the given cookie.
      *
      * @param  string  $cookieName
      * @return $this
@@ -692,13 +692,13 @@ public function assertJsonMissingValidationErrors($keys = null, $responseKey = '
 
         $json = $this->json();
 
-        if (! array_key_exists($responseKey, $json)) {
-            PHPUnit::assertArrayNotHasKey($responseKey, $json);
+        if (! Arr::has($json, $responseKey)) {
+            PHPUnit::assertTrue(true);
 
             return $this;
         }
 
-        $errors = $json[$responseKey];
+        $errors = Arr::get($json, $responseKey, []);
 
         if (is_null($keys) && count($errors) > 0) {
             PHPUnit::fail(
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Testing/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Testing/composer.json
index 9b15533bd7c8..2dfe3b64eac3 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Testing/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Testing/composer.json
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
         }
     },
     "suggest": {
+        "brianium/paratest": "Required to run tests in parallel (^6.0).",
         "illuminate/console": "Required to assert console commands (^8.0).",
         "illuminate/database": "Required to assert databases (^8.0).",
         "illuminate/http": "Required to assert responses (^8.0).",
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Translation/Translator.php b/src/Illuminate/Translation/Translator.php
index 0f1606e8493e..9e055c231e54 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Translation/Translator.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Translation/Translator.php
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public function get($key, array $replace = [], $locale = null, $fallback = true)
                 if (! is_null($line = $this->getLine(
                     $namespace, $group, $locale, $item, $replace
                 ))) {
-                    return $line ?? $key;
+                    return $line;
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/FormatsMessages.php b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/FormatsMessages.php
index e380b6e1807a..39d102a331ba 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/FormatsMessages.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/FormatsMessages.php
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ protected function getFromLocalArray($attribute, $lowerRule, $source = null)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the custom error message from translator.
+     * Get the custom error message from the translator.
      *
      * @param  string  $key
      * @return string
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/ValidatesAttributes.php b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/ValidatesAttributes.php
index c07e7063e97d..46fcc8441a17 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/ValidatesAttributes.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Concerns/ValidatesAttributes.php
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ public function validateLte($attribute, $value, $parameters)
      */
     public function validateImage($attribute, $value)
     {
-        return $this->validateMimes($attribute, $value, ['jpeg', 'png', 'gif', 'bmp', 'svg', 'webp']);
+        return $this->validateMimes($attribute, $value, ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'gif', 'bmp', 'svg', 'webp']);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ public function validateIn($attribute, $value, $parameters)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Validate that the values of an attribute is in another attribute.
+     * Validate that the values of an attribute are in another attribute.
      *
      * @param  string  $attribute
      * @param  mixed  $value
@@ -1142,7 +1142,11 @@ public function validateIpv6($attribute, $value)
      */
     public function validateJson($attribute, $value)
     {
-        if (! is_scalar($value) && ! method_exists($value, '__toString')) {
+        if (is_array($value)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (! is_scalar($value) && ! is_null($value) && ! method_exists($value, '__toString')) {
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -1188,6 +1192,10 @@ public function validateMimes($attribute, $value, $parameters)
             return false;
         }
 
+        if (in_array('jpg', $parameters) || in_array('jpeg', $parameters)) {
+            $parameters = array_unique(array_merge($parameters, ['jpg', 'jpeg']));
+        }
+
         return $value->getPath() !== '' && in_array($value->guessExtension(), $parameters);
     }
 
@@ -1571,7 +1579,7 @@ public function validateRequiredWith($attribute, $value, $parameters)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Validate that an attribute exists when all other attributes exists.
+     * Validate that an attribute exists when all other attributes exist.
      *
      * @param  string  $attribute
      * @param  mixed  $value
@@ -1768,7 +1776,7 @@ public function validateUrl($attribute, $value)
          * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com> http://symfony.com
          */
         $pattern = '~^
-            (aaa|aaas|about|acap|acct|acd|acr|adiumxtra|adt|afp|afs|aim|amss|android|appdata|apt|ark|attachment|aw|barion|beshare|bitcoin|bitcoincash|blob|bolo|browserext|calculator|callto|cap|cast|casts|chrome|chrome-extension|cid|coap|coap\+tcp|coap\+ws|coaps|coaps\+tcp|coaps\+ws|com-eventbrite-attendee|content|conti|crid|cvs|dab|data|dav|diaspora|dict|did|dis|dlna-playcontainer|dlna-playsingle|dns|dntp|dpp|drm|drop|dtn|dvb|ed2k|elsi|example|facetime|fax|feed|feedready|file|filesystem|finger|first-run-pen-experience|fish|fm|ftp|fuchsia-pkg|geo|gg|git|gizmoproject|go|gopher|graph|gtalk|h323|ham|hcap|hcp|http|https|hxxp|hxxps|hydrazone|iax|icap|icon|im|imap|info|iotdisco|ipn|ipp|ipps|irc|irc6|ircs|iris|iris\.beep|iris\.lwz|iris\.xpc|iris\.xpcs|isostore|itms|jabber|jar|jms|keyparc|lastfm|ldap|ldaps|leaptofrogans|lorawan|lvlt|magnet|mailserver|mailto|maps|market|message|mid|mms|modem|mongodb|moz|ms-access|ms-browser-extension|ms-calculator|ms-drive-to|ms-enrollment|ms-excel|ms-eyecontrolspeech|ms-gamebarservices|ms-gamingoverlay|ms-getoffice|ms-help|ms-infopath|ms-inputapp|ms-lockscreencomponent-config|ms-media-stream-id|ms-mixedrealitycapture|ms-mobileplans|ms-officeapp|ms-people|ms-project|ms-powerpoint|ms-publisher|ms-restoretabcompanion|ms-screenclip|ms-screensketch|ms-search|ms-search-repair|ms-secondary-screen-controller|ms-secondary-screen-setup|ms-settings|ms-settings-airplanemode|ms-settings-bluetooth|ms-settings-camera|ms-settings-cellular|ms-settings-cloudstorage|ms-settings-connectabledevices|ms-settings-displays-topology|ms-settings-emailandaccounts|ms-settings-language|ms-settings-location|ms-settings-lock|ms-settings-nfctransactions|ms-settings-notifications|ms-settings-power|ms-settings-privacy|ms-settings-proximity|ms-settings-screenrotation|ms-settings-wifi|ms-settings-workplace|ms-spd|ms-sttoverlay|ms-transit-to|ms-useractivityset|ms-virtualtouchpad|ms-visio|ms-walk-to|ms-whiteboard|ms-whiteboard-cmd|ms-word|msnim|msrp|msrps|mss|mtqp|mumble|mupdate|mvn|news|nfs|ni|nih|nntp|notes|ocf|oid|onenote|onenote-cmd|opaquelocktoken|openpgp4fpr|pack|palm|paparazzi|payto|pkcs11|platform|pop|pres|prospero|proxy|pwid|psyc|pttp|qb|query|redis|rediss|reload|res|resource|rmi|rsync|rtmfp|rtmp|rtsp|rtsps|rtspu|s3|secondlife|service|session|sftp|sgn|shttp|sieve|simpleledger|sip|sips|skype|smb|sms|smtp|snews|snmp|soap\.beep|soap\.beeps|soldat|spiffe|spotify|ssh|steam|stun|stuns|submit|svn|tag|teamspeak|tel|teliaeid|telnet|tftp|tg|things|thismessage|tip|tn3270|tool|turn|turns|tv|udp|unreal|urn|ut2004|v-event|vemmi|ventrilo|videotex|vnc|view-source|wais|webcal|wpid|ws|wss|wtai|wyciwyg|xcon|xcon-userid|xfire|xmlrpc\.beep|xmlrpc\.beeps|xmpp|xri|ymsgr|z39\.50|z39\.50r|z39\.50s)://                                 # protocol
+            (aaa|aaas|about|acap|acct|acd|acr|adiumxtra|adt|afp|afs|aim|amss|android|appdata|apt|ark|attachment|aw|barion|beshare|bitcoin|bitcoincash|blob|bolo|browserext|calculator|callto|cap|cast|casts|chrome|chrome-extension|cid|coap|coap\+tcp|coap\+ws|coaps|coaps\+tcp|coaps\+ws|com-eventbrite-attendee|content|conti|crid|cvs|dab|data|dav|diaspora|dict|did|dis|dlna-playcontainer|dlna-playsingle|dns|dntp|dpp|drm|drop|dtn|dvb|ed2k|elsi|example|facetime|fax|feed|feedready|file|filesystem|finger|first-run-pen-experience|fish|fm|ftp|fuchsia-pkg|geo|gg|git|gizmoproject|go|gopher|graph|gtalk|h323|ham|hcap|hcp|http|https|hxxp|hxxps|hydrazone|iax|icap|icon|im|imap|info|iotdisco|ipn|ipp|ipps|irc|irc6|ircs|iris|iris\.beep|iris\.lwz|iris\.xpc|iris\.xpcs|isostore|itms|jabber|jar|jms|keyparc|lastfm|ldap|ldaps|leaptofrogans|lorawan|lvlt|magnet|mailserver|mailto|maps|market|message|mid|mms|modem|mongodb|moz|ms-access|ms-browser-extension|ms-calculator|ms-drive-to|ms-enrollment|ms-excel|ms-eyecontrolspeech|ms-gamebarservices|ms-gamingoverlay|ms-getoffice|ms-help|ms-infopath|ms-inputapp|ms-lockscreencomponent-config|ms-media-stream-id|ms-mixedrealitycapture|ms-mobileplans|ms-officeapp|ms-people|ms-project|ms-powerpoint|ms-publisher|ms-restoretabcompanion|ms-screenclip|ms-screensketch|ms-search|ms-search-repair|ms-secondary-screen-controller|ms-secondary-screen-setup|ms-settings|ms-settings-airplanemode|ms-settings-bluetooth|ms-settings-camera|ms-settings-cellular|ms-settings-cloudstorage|ms-settings-connectabledevices|ms-settings-displays-topology|ms-settings-emailandaccounts|ms-settings-language|ms-settings-location|ms-settings-lock|ms-settings-nfctransactions|ms-settings-notifications|ms-settings-power|ms-settings-privacy|ms-settings-proximity|ms-settings-screenrotation|ms-settings-wifi|ms-settings-workplace|ms-spd|ms-sttoverlay|ms-transit-to|ms-useractivityset|ms-virtualtouchpad|ms-visio|ms-walk-to|ms-whiteboard|ms-whiteboard-cmd|ms-word|msnim|msrp|msrps|mss|mtqp|mumble|mupdate|mvn|news|nfs|ni|nih|nntp|notes|ocf|oid|onenote|onenote-cmd|opaquelocktoken|openpgp4fpr|pack|palm|paparazzi|payto|pkcs11|platform|pop|pres|prospero|proxy|pwid|psyc|pttp|qb|query|redis|rediss|reload|res|resource|rmi|rsync|rtmfp|rtmp|rtsp|rtsps|rtspu|s3|secondlife|service|session|sftp|sgn|shttp|sieve|simpleledger|sip|sips|skype|smb|sms|smtp|snews|snmp|soap\.beep|soap\.beeps|soldat|spiffe|spotify|ssh|steam|stun|stuns|submit|svn|tag|teamspeak|tel|teliaeid|telnet|tftp|tg|things|thismessage|tip|tn3270|tool|ts3server|turn|turns|tv|udp|unreal|urn|ut2004|v-event|vemmi|ventrilo|videotex|vnc|view-source|wais|webcal|wpid|ws|wss|wtai|wyciwyg|xcon|xcon-userid|xfire|xmlrpc\.beep|xmlrpc\.beeps|xmpp|xri|ymsgr|z39\.50|z39\.50r|z39\.50s)://                                 # protocol
             (((?:[\_\.\pL\pN-]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+:)?((?:[\_\.\pL\pN-]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+)@)?  # basic auth
             (
                 ([\pL\pN\pS\-\_\.])+(\.?([\pL\pN]|xn\-\-[\pL\pN-]+)+\.?) # a domain name
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/Dimensions.php b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/Dimensions.php
index 354d071c3af4..e2326c7732b1 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/Dimensions.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Rules/Dimensions.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class Dimensions
     /**
      * Create a new dimensions rule instance.
      *
-     * @param  array  $constraints;
+     * @param  array  $constraints
      * @return void
      */
     public function __construct(array $constraints = [])
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationData.php b/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationData.php
index 74f552597c1c..86da0fd3a17a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationData.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationData.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 class ValidationData
 {
     /**
-     * Initialize and gather data for given attribute.
+     * Initialize and gather data for the given attribute.
      *
      * @param  string  $attribute
      * @param  array  $masterData
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationRuleParser.php b/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationRuleParser.php
index 9438fb11f7b7..3fea4005aa28 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationRuleParser.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/ValidationRuleParser.php
@@ -186,57 +186,57 @@ protected function mergeRulesForAttribute($results, $attribute, $rules)
     /**
      * Extract the rule name and parameters from a rule.
      *
-     * @param  array|string  $rules
+     * @param  array|string  $rule
      * @return array
      */
-    public static function parse($rules)
+    public static function parse($rule)
     {
-        if ($rules instanceof RuleContract) {
-            return [$rules, []];
+        if ($rule instanceof RuleContract) {
+            return [$rule, []];
         }
 
-        if (is_array($rules)) {
-            $rules = static::parseArrayRule($rules);
+        if (is_array($rule)) {
+            $rule = static::parseArrayRule($rule);
         } else {
-            $rules = static::parseStringRule($rules);
+            $rule = static::parseStringRule($rule);
         }
 
-        $rules[0] = static::normalizeRule($rules[0]);
+        $rule[0] = static::normalizeRule($rule[0]);
 
-        return $rules;
+        return $rule;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse an array based rule.
      *
-     * @param  array  $rules
+     * @param  array  $rule
      * @return array
      */
-    protected static function parseArrayRule(array $rules)
+    protected static function parseArrayRule(array $rule)
     {
-        return [Str::studly(trim(Arr::get($rules, 0))), array_slice($rules, 1)];
+        return [Str::studly(trim(Arr::get($rule, 0))), array_slice($rule, 1)];
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a string based rule.
      *
-     * @param  string  $rules
+     * @param  string  $rule
      * @return array
      */
-    protected static function parseStringRule($rules)
+    protected static function parseStringRule($rule)
     {
         $parameters = [];
 
         // The format for specifying validation rules and parameters follows an
         // easy {rule}:{parameters} formatting convention. For instance the
         // rule "Max:3" states that the value may only be three letters.
-        if (strpos($rules, ':') !== false) {
-            [$rules, $parameter] = explode(':', $rules, 2);
+        if (strpos($rule, ':') !== false) {
+            [$rule, $parameter] = explode(':', $rule, 2);
 
-            $parameters = static::parseParameters($rules, $parameter);
+            $parameters = static::parseParameters($rule, $parameter);
         }
 
-        return [Str::studly(trim($rules)), $parameters];
+        return [Str::studly(trim($rule)), $parameters];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Validator.php b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Validator.php
index 8cea4babb6db..48d9946386d6 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/Validator.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/Validator.php
@@ -146,6 +146,13 @@ class Validator implements ValidatorContract
      */
     public $customValues = [];
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the validator should stop on the first rule failure.
+     *
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    protected $stopOnFirstFailure = false;
+
     /**
      * All of the custom validator extensions.
      *
@@ -373,6 +380,10 @@ public function passes()
                 continue;
             }
 
+            if ($this->stopOnFirstFailure && $this->messages->isNotEmpty()) {
+                break;
+            }
+
             foreach ($rules as $rule) {
                 $this->validateAttribute($attribute, $rule);
 
@@ -1074,6 +1085,19 @@ public function sometimes($attribute, $rules, callable $callback)
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Instruct the validator to stop validating after the first rule failure.
+     *
+     * @param  bool  $stopOnFirstFailure
+     * @return $this
+     */
+    public function stopOnFirstFailure($stopOnFirstFailure = true)
+    {
+        $this->stopOnFirstFailure = $stopOnFirstFailure;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register an array of custom validator extensions.
      *
@@ -1230,7 +1254,7 @@ public function addCustomAttributes(array $customAttributes)
     }
 
     /**
-     * Set the callback that used to format an implicit attribute..
+     * Set the callback that used to format an implicit attribute.
      *
      * @param  callable|null  $formatter
      * @return $this
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Validation/composer.json b/src/Illuminate/Validation/composer.json
index 191f63eaedad..82abfd255202 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Validation/composer.json
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Validation/composer.json
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
         "illuminate/macroable": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/support": "^8.0",
         "illuminate/translation": "^8.0",
-        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1",
-        "symfony/mime": "^5.1"
+        "symfony/http-foundation": "^5.1.4",
+        "symfony/mime": "^5.1.4"
     },
     "autoload": {
         "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/AnonymousComponent.php b/src/Illuminate/View/AnonymousComponent.php
index a7887c5ad83f..2fb21e1afc4a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/AnonymousComponent.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/AnonymousComponent.php
@@ -48,8 +48,13 @@ public function render()
      */
     public function data()
     {
-        $this->attributes = $this->attributes ?: new ComponentAttributeBag;
+        $this->attributes = $this->attributes ?: $this->newAttributeBag();
 
-        return $this->data + ['attributes' => $this->attributes];
+        return array_merge(
+            optional($this->data['attributes'] ?? null)->getAttributes() ?: [],
+            $this->attributes->getAttributes(),
+            $this->data,
+            ['attributes' => $this->attributes]
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/BladeCompiler.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/BladeCompiler.php
index 4482036072fd..5a530184e20e 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/BladeCompiler.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/BladeCompiler.php
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class BladeCompiler extends Compiler implements CompilerInterface
     protected $echoFormat = 'e(%s)';
 
     /**
-     * Array of footer lines to be added to template.
+     * Array of footer lines to be added to the template.
      *
      * @var array
      */
@@ -251,7 +251,10 @@ public function compileString($value)
             $result = $this->addFooters($result);
         }
 
-        return $result;
+        return str_replace(
+            ['##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##', '##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##'],
+            '',
+            $result);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -446,6 +449,8 @@ protected function compileStatement($match)
      */
     protected function callCustomDirective($name, $value)
     {
+        $value = $value ?? '';
+
         if (Str::startsWith($value, '(') && Str::endsWith($value, ')')) {
             $value = Str::substr($value, 1, -1);
         }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/ComponentTagCompiler.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/ComponentTagCompiler.php
index d80b1330ea24..a69a704ec420 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/ComponentTagCompiler.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/ComponentTagCompiler.php
@@ -48,10 +48,11 @@ class ComponentTagCompiler
     protected $boundAttributes = [];
 
     /**
-     * Create new component tag compiler.
+     * Create a new component tag compiler.
      *
      * @param  array  $aliases
-     * @param  \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler|null
+     * @param  array  $namespaces
+     * @param  \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler|null $blade
      * @return void
      */
     public function __construct(array $aliases = [], array $namespaces = [], ?BladeCompiler $blade = null)
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ protected function compileSelfClosingTags(string $value)
 
             $attributes = $this->getAttributesFromAttributeString($matches['attributes']);
 
-            return $this->componentString($matches[1], $attributes)."\n@endcomponentClass ";
+            return $this->componentString($matches[1], $attributes)."\n@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##";
         }, $value);
     }
 
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ protected function componentString(string $component, array $attributes)
             $parameters = $data->all();
         }
 
-        return " @component('{$class}', '{$component}', [".$this->attributesToString($parameters, $escapeBound = false).'])
+        return "##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('{$class}', '{$component}', [".$this->attributesToString($parameters, $escapeBound = false).'])
 <?php $component->withAttributes(['.$this->attributesToString($attributes->all(), $escapeAttributes = $class !== DynamicComponent::class).']); ?>';
     }
 
@@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ public function partitionDataAndAttributes($class, array $attributes)
      */
     protected function compileClosingTags(string $value)
     {
-        return preg_replace("/<\/\s*x[-\:][\w\-\:\.]*\s*>/", ' @endcomponentClass ', $value);
+        return preg_replace("/<\/\s*x[-\:][\w\-\:\.]*\s*>/", ' @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##', $value);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -459,12 +460,16 @@ protected function getAttributesFromAttributeString(string $attributeString)
                 $value = "'".$this->compileAttributeEchos($value)."'";
             }
 
+            if (Str::startsWith($attribute, '::')) {
+                $attribute = substr($attribute, 1);
+            }
+
             return [$attribute => $value];
         })->toArray();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Parse the attribute bag in a given attribute string into it's fully-qualified syntax.
+     * Parse the attribute bag in a given attribute string into its fully-qualified syntax.
      *
      * @param  string  $attributeString
      * @return string
@@ -489,7 +494,7 @@ protected function parseBindAttributes(string $attributeString)
     {
         $pattern = "/
             (?:^|\s+)     # start of the string or whitespace between attributes
-            :             # attribute needs to start with a semicolon
+            :(?!:)        # attribute needs to start with a single colon
             ([\w\-:.@]+)  # match the actual attribute name
             =             # only match attributes that have a value
         /xm";
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesConditionals.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesConditionals.php
index 918e776e6ac0..6bae1e1cba4a 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesConditionals.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesConditionals.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 trait CompilesConditionals
 {
     /**
-     * Identifier for the first case in switch statement.
+     * Identifier for the first case in the switch statement.
      *
      * @var bool
      */
@@ -283,8 +283,9 @@ protected function compileEndSwitch()
     }
 
     /**
-     * Compile an once block into valid PHP.
+     * Compile a once block into valid PHP.
      *
+     * @param  string|null  $id
      * @return string
      */
     protected function compileOnce($id = null)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesInjections.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesInjections.php
index c295bcd448c5..a0d1ccf5ea31 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesInjections.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Compilers/Concerns/CompilesInjections.php
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ trait CompilesInjections
      */
     protected function compileInject($expression)
     {
-        $segments = explode(',', preg_replace("/[\(\)\\\"\']/", '', $expression));
+        $segments = explode(',', preg_replace("/[\(\)]/", '', $expression));
 
-        $variable = trim($segments[0]);
+        $variable = trim($segments[0], " '\"");
 
         $service = trim($segments[1]);
 
-        return "<?php \${$variable} = app('{$service}'); ?>";
+        return "<?php \${$variable} = app({$service}); ?>";
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php
index fb1e448a1c3c..402a13abdc53 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Component.php
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ protected function createBladeViewFromString($factory, $contents)
      */
     public function data()
     {
-        $this->attributes = $this->attributes ?: new ComponentAttributeBag;
+        $this->attributes = $this->attributes ?: $this->newAttributeBag();
 
         return array_merge($this->extractPublicProperties(), $this->extractPublicMethods());
     }
@@ -266,13 +266,24 @@ public function withName($name)
      */
     public function withAttributes(array $attributes)
     {
-        $this->attributes = $this->attributes ?: new ComponentAttributeBag;
+        $this->attributes = $this->attributes ?: $this->newAttributeBag();
 
         $this->attributes->setAttributes($attributes);
 
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Get a new attribute bag instance.
+     *
+     * @param  array  $attributes
+     * @return \Illuminate\View\ComponentAttributeBag
+     */
+    protected function newAttributeBag(array $attributes = [])
+    {
+        return new ComponentAttributeBag($attributes);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Determine if the component should be rendered.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/ComponentAttributeBag.php b/src/Illuminate/View/ComponentAttributeBag.php
index 0a5111037eb5..e4a6eef709b8 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/ComponentAttributeBag.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/ComponentAttributeBag.php
@@ -56,10 +56,21 @@ public function get($key, $default = null)
         return $this->attributes[$key] ?? value($default);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if a given attribute exists in the attribute array.
+     *
+     * @param  string  $key
+     * @return bool
+     */
+    public function has($key)
+    {
+        return array_key_exists($key, $this->attributes);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Only include the given attribute from the attribute array.
      *
-     * @param  mixed|array  $keys
+     * @param  mixed  $keys
      * @return static
      */
     public function only($keys)
@@ -162,6 +173,29 @@ public function exceptProps($keys)
         return $this->except($props);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Conditionally merge classes into the attribute bag.
+     *
+     * @param  mixed|array  $classList
+     * @return static
+     */
+    public function class($classList)
+    {
+        $classList = Arr::wrap($classList);
+
+        $classes = [];
+
+        foreach ($classList as $class => $constraint) {
+            if (is_numeric($class)) {
+                $classes[] = $constraint;
+            } elseif ($constraint) {
+                $classes[] = $class;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $this->merge(['class' => implode(' ', $classes)]);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Merge additional attributes / values into the attribute bag.
      *
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesComponents.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesComponents.php
index 574e91d6213b..81b2bdf6cbaf 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesComponents.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesComponents.php
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 use Closure;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Htmlable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\HtmlString;
-use Illuminate\View\View;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 
 trait ManagesComponents
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesLayouts.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesLayouts.php
index 785b9fa594de..d7d455933128 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesLayouts.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesLayouts.php
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public static function parentPlaceholder($section = '')
     }
 
     /**
-     * Check if section exists.
+     * Check if the section exists.
      *
      * @param  string  $name
      * @return bool
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/DynamicComponent.php b/src/Illuminate/View/DynamicComponent.php
index 8efd9040b68a..23ed305a336d 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/DynamicComponent.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/DynamicComponent.php
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class DynamicComponent extends Component
     /**
      * Create a new component instance.
      *
+     * @param  string  $component
      * @return void
      */
     public function __construct(string $component)
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php b/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php
index d711fc670336..dca6a8710560 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\View\Engines;
 
-use ErrorException;
 use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
 use Illuminate\View\Compilers\CompilerInterface;
+use Illuminate\View\ViewException;
 use Throwable;
 
 class CompilerEngine extends PhpEngine
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public function get($path, array $data = [])
      */
     protected function handleViewException(Throwable $e, $obLevel)
     {
-        $e = new ErrorException($this->getMessage($e), 0, 1, $e->getFile(), $e->getLine(), $e);
+        $e = new ViewException($this->getMessage($e), 0, 1, $e->getFile(), $e->getLine(), $e);
 
         parent::handleViewException($e, $obLevel);
     }
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/View/ViewException.php b/src/Illuminate/View/ViewException.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e6797a29a1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Illuminate/View/ViewException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\View;
+
+use ErrorException;
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Support\Reflector;
+
+class ViewException extends ErrorException
+{
+    /**
+     * Report the exception.
+     *
+     * @return bool|null
+     */
+    public function report()
+    {
+        $exception = $this->getPrevious();
+
+        if (Reflector::isCallable($reportCallable = [$exception, 'report'])) {
+            return Container::getInstance()->call($reportCallable);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Render the exception into an HTTP response.
+     *
+     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
+     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
+     */
+    public function render($request)
+    {
+        $exception = $this->getPrevious();
+
+        if ($exception && method_exists($exception, 'render')) {
+            return $exception->render($request);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Bus/BusBatchTest.php b/tests/Bus/BusBatchTest.php
index 381200daa171..1da999569e84 100644
--- a/tests/Bus/BusBatchTest.php
+++ b/tests/Bus/BusBatchTest.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
 use Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager as DB;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\PostgresConnection;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
 use Illuminate\Queue\CallQueuedClosure;
 use Mockery as m;
@@ -332,12 +333,79 @@ public function test_chain_can_be_added_to_batch()
 
         $this->assertEquals(3, $batch->totalJobs);
         $this->assertEquals(3, $batch->pendingJobs);
+        $this->assertEquals('test-queue', $chainHeadJob->chainQueue);
         $this->assertTrue(is_string($chainHeadJob->batchId));
         $this->assertTrue(is_string($secondJob->batchId));
         $this->assertTrue(is_string($thirdJob->batchId));
         $this->assertInstanceOf(CarbonImmutable::class, $batch->createdAt);
     }
 
+    public function test_options_serialization_on_postgres()
+    {
+        $pendingBatch = (new PendingBatch(new Container, collect()))
+            ->onQueue('test-queue');
+
+        $connection = m::spy(PostgresConnection::class);
+
+        $connection->shouldReceive('table')->andReturnSelf()
+            ->shouldReceive('where')->andReturnSelf();
+
+        $repository = new DatabaseBatchRepository(
+            new BatchFactory(m::mock(Factory::class)), $connection, 'job_batches'
+        );
+
+        $repository->store($pendingBatch);
+
+        $connection->shouldHaveReceived('insert')
+            ->withArgs(function ($argument) use ($pendingBatch) {
+                return unserialize(base64_decode($argument['options'])) === $pendingBatch->options;
+            });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider serializedOptions
+     */
+    public function test_options_unserialize_on_postgres($serialize, $options)
+    {
+        $factory = m::mock(BatchFactory::class);
+
+        $connection = m::spy(PostgresConnection::class);
+
+        $connection->shouldReceive('table->where->first')
+            ->andReturn($m = (object) [
+                'id' => '',
+                'name' => '',
+                'total_jobs' => '',
+                'pending_jobs' => '',
+                'failed_jobs' => '',
+                'failed_job_ids' => '[]',
+                'options' => $serialize,
+                'created_at' => null,
+                'cancelled_at' => null,
+                'finished_at' => null,
+            ]);
+
+        $batch = (new DatabaseBatchRepository($factory, $connection, 'job_batches'));
+
+        $factory->shouldReceive('make')
+            ->withSomeOfArgs($batch, '', '', '', '', '', '', $options);
+
+        $batch->find(1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array
+     */
+    public function serializedOptions()
+    {
+        $options = [1, 2];
+
+        return [
+            [serialize($options), $options],
+            [base64_encode(serialize($options)), $options],
+        ];
+    }
+
     protected function createTestBatch($queue, $allowFailures = false)
     {
         $repository = new DatabaseBatchRepository(new BatchFactory($queue), DB::connection(), 'job_batches');
diff --git a/tests/Cache/CacheMemcachedStoreTest.php b/tests/Cache/CacheMemcachedStoreTest.php
index ab1c19c7c657..b1aad12ad29d 100755
--- a/tests/Cache/CacheMemcachedStoreTest.php
+++ b/tests/Cache/CacheMemcachedStoreTest.php
@@ -5,11 +5,19 @@
 use Illuminate\Cache\MemcachedStore;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
 use Memcached;
+use Mockery as m;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use stdClass;
 
 class CacheMemcachedStoreTest extends TestCase
 {
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        m::close();
+
+        parent::tearDown();
+    }
+
     public function testGetReturnsNullWhenNotFound()
     {
         if (! class_exists(Memcached::class)) {
@@ -80,9 +88,15 @@ public function testIncrementMethodProperlyCallsMemcache()
             $this->markTestSkipped('Memcached module not installed');
         }
 
-        $memcache = $this->getMockBuilder(Memcached::class)->onlyMethods(['increment'])->getMock();
-        $memcache->expects($this->once())->method('increment')->with($this->equalTo('foo'), $this->equalTo(5));
-        $store = new MemcachedStore($memcache);
+        /* @link https://github.com/php-memcached-dev/php-memcached/pull/468 */
+        if (version_compare(phpversion(), '8.0.0', '>=')) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('Test broken due to parse error in PHP Memcached.');
+        }
+
+        $memcached = m::mock(Memcached::class);
+        $memcached->shouldReceive('increment')->with('foo', 5)->once()->andReturn(5);
+
+        $store = new MemcachedStore($memcached);
         $store->increment('foo', 5);
     }
 
@@ -92,9 +106,15 @@ public function testDecrementMethodProperlyCallsMemcache()
             $this->markTestSkipped('Memcached module not installed');
         }
 
-        $memcache = $this->getMockBuilder(Memcached::class)->onlyMethods(['decrement'])->getMock();
-        $memcache->expects($this->once())->method('decrement')->with($this->equalTo('foo'), $this->equalTo(5));
-        $store = new MemcachedStore($memcache);
+        /* @link https://github.com/php-memcached-dev/php-memcached/pull/468 */
+        if (version_compare(phpversion(), '8.0.0', '>=')) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped('Test broken due to parse error in PHP Memcached.');
+        }
+
+        $memcached = m::mock(Memcached::class);
+        $memcached->shouldReceive('decrement')->with('foo', 5)->once()->andReturn(0);
+
+        $store = new MemcachedStore($memcached);
         $store->decrement('foo', 5);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/Console/Scheduling/FrequencyTest.php b/tests/Console/Scheduling/FrequencyTest.php
index cf2dff84845c..fb9a502aa7ca 100644
--- a/tests/Console/Scheduling/FrequencyTest.php
+++ b/tests/Console/Scheduling/FrequencyTest.php
@@ -104,6 +104,11 @@ public function testTwiceMonthly()
         $this->assertSame('0 0 1,16 * *', $this->event->twiceMonthly(1, 16)->getExpression());
     }
 
+    public function testTwiceMonthlyAtTime()
+    {
+        $this->assertSame('30 1 1,16 * *', $this->event->twiceMonthly(1, 16, '1:30')->getExpression());
+    }
+
     public function testMonthlyOnWithMinutes()
     {
         $this->assertSame('15 15 4 * *', $this->event->monthlyOn(4, '15:15')->getExpression());
diff --git a/tests/Container/ContainerResolveNonInstantiableTest.php b/tests/Container/ContainerResolveNonInstantiableTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1f39322c40b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Container/ContainerResolveNonInstantiableTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Container;
+
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class ContainerResolveNonInstantiableTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testResolvingNonInstantiableWithDefaultRemovesWiths()
+    {
+        $container = new Container;
+        $object = $container->make(ParentClass::class, ['i' => 42]);
+
+        $this->assertSame(42, $object->i);
+    }
+
+    public function testResolvingNonInstantiableWithVariadicRemovesWiths()
+    {
+        $container = new Container;
+        $parent = $container->make(VariadicParentClass::class, ['i' => 42]);
+
+        $this->assertCount(0, $parent->child->objects);
+        $this->assertSame(42, $parent->i);
+    }
+}
+
+interface TestInterface
+{
+}
+
+class ParentClass
+{
+    /**
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $i;
+
+    public function __construct(TestInterface $testObject = null, int $i = 0)
+    {
+        $this->i = $i;
+    }
+}
+
+class VariadicParentClass
+{
+    /**
+     * @var \Illuminate\Tests\Container\ChildClass
+     */
+    public $child;
+
+    /**
+     * @var int
+     */
+    public $i;
+
+    public function __construct(ChildClass $child, int $i = 0)
+    {
+        $this->child = $child;
+        $this->i = $i;
+    }
+}
+
+class ChildClass
+{
+    /**
+     * @var array
+     */
+    public $objects;
+
+    public function __construct(TestInterface ...$objects)
+    {
+        $this->objects = $objects;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Container/ContextualBindingTest.php b/tests/Container/ContextualBindingTest.php
index 17a7d73f00ea..1ddd5ebf8aba 100644
--- a/tests/Container/ContextualBindingTest.php
+++ b/tests/Container/ContextualBindingTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Container;
 
+use Illuminate\Config\Repository;
 use Illuminate\Container\Container;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 
@@ -359,6 +360,127 @@ public function testContextualBindingGivesTagsForVariadic()
         $this->assertInstanceOf(ContainerContextImplementationStub::class, $resolvedInstance->stubs[0]);
         $this->assertInstanceOf(ContainerContextImplementationStubTwo::class, $resolvedInstance->stubs[1]);
     }
+
+    public function testContextualBindingGivesValuesFromConfigOptionalValueNull()
+    {
+        $container = new Container;
+
+        $container->singleton('config', function () {
+            return new Repository([
+                'test' => [
+                    'username' => 'laravel',
+                    'password' => 'hunter42',
+                ],
+            ]);
+        });
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class)
+            ->needs('$username')
+            ->giveConfig('test.username');
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class)
+            ->needs('$password')
+            ->giveConfig('test.password');
+
+        $resolvedInstance = $container->make(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class);
+
+        $this->assertEquals('laravel', $resolvedInstance->username);
+        $this->assertEquals('hunter42', $resolvedInstance->password);
+        $this->assertNull($resolvedInstance->alias);
+    }
+
+    public function testContextualBindingGivesValuesFromConfigOptionalValueSet()
+    {
+        $container = new Container;
+
+        $container->singleton('config', function () {
+            return new Repository([
+                'test' => [
+                    'username' => 'laravel',
+                    'password' => 'hunter42',
+                    'alias' => 'lumen',
+                ],
+            ]);
+        });
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class)
+            ->needs('$username')
+            ->giveConfig('test.username');
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class)
+            ->needs('$password')
+            ->giveConfig('test.password');
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class)
+            ->needs('$alias')
+            ->giveConfig('test.alias');
+
+        $resolvedInstance = $container->make(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class);
+
+        $this->assertEquals('laravel', $resolvedInstance->username);
+        $this->assertEquals('hunter42', $resolvedInstance->password);
+        $this->assertEquals('lumen', $resolvedInstance->alias);
+    }
+
+    public function testContextualBindingGivesValuesFromConfigWithDefault()
+    {
+        $container = new Container;
+
+        $container->singleton('config', function () {
+            return new Repository([
+                'test' => [
+                    'password' => 'hunter42',
+                ],
+            ]);
+        });
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class)
+            ->needs('$username')
+            ->giveConfig('test.username', 'DEFAULT_USERNAME');
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class)
+            ->needs('$password')
+            ->giveConfig('test.password');
+
+        $resolvedInstance = $container->make(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues::class);
+
+        $this->assertEquals('DEFAULT_USERNAME', $resolvedInstance->username);
+        $this->assertEquals('hunter42', $resolvedInstance->password);
+        $this->assertNull($resolvedInstance->alias);
+    }
+
+    public function testContextualBindingGivesValuesFromConfigArray()
+    {
+        $container = new Container;
+
+        $container->singleton('config', function () {
+            return new Repository([
+                'test' => [
+                    'username' => 'laravel',
+                    'password' => 'hunter42',
+                    'alias' => 'lumen',
+                ],
+            ]);
+        });
+
+        $container
+            ->when(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigArray::class)
+            ->needs('$settings')
+            ->giveConfig('test');
+
+        $resolvedInstance = $container->make(ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigArray::class);
+
+        $this->assertEquals('laravel', $resolvedInstance->settings['username']);
+        $this->assertEquals('hunter42', $resolvedInstance->settings['password']);
+        $this->assertEquals('lumen', $resolvedInstance->settings['alias']);
+    }
 }
 
 interface IContainerContextContractStub
@@ -474,3 +596,27 @@ public function __construct(ContainerContextNonContractStub $other, IContainerCo
         $this->stubs = $stubs;
     }
 }
+
+class ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigIndividualValues
+{
+    public $username;
+    public $password;
+    public $alias = null;
+
+    public function __construct($username, $password, $alias = null)
+    {
+        $this->username = $username;
+        $this->password = $password;
+        $this->alias = $alias;
+    }
+}
+
+class ContainerTestContextInjectFromConfigArray
+{
+    public $settings;
+
+    public function __construct($settings)
+    {
+        $this->settings = $settings;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseAbstractSchemaGrammarTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseAbstractSchemaGrammarTest.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..04e23eb264be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseAbstractSchemaGrammarTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Grammars\Grammar;
+use LogicException;
+use Mockery as m;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class DatabaseAbstractSchemaGrammarTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $grammar = new class extends Grammar {};
+
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('This database driver does not support creating databases.');
+
+        $grammar->compileCreateDatabase('foo', m::mock(Connection::class));
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $grammar = new class extends Grammar {};
+
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('This database driver does not support dropping databases.');
+
+        $grammar->compileDropDatabaseIfExists('foo');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseConnectionTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseConnectionTest.php
index 2be19458ed62..47764954d2ef 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseConnectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseConnectionTest.php
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public function testSelectProperlyCallsPDO()
         $writePdo = $this->getMockBuilder(DatabaseConnectionTestMockPDO::class)->onlyMethods(['prepare'])->getMock();
         $writePdo->expects($this->never())->method('prepare');
         $statement = $this->getMockBuilder('PDOStatement')
-            ->setMethods(['setFetchMode', 'execute', 'fetchAll', 'bindValue'])
+            ->onlyMethods(['setFetchMode', 'execute', 'fetchAll', 'bindValue'])
             ->getMock();
         $statement->expects($this->once())->method('setFetchMode');
         $statement->expects($this->once())->method('bindValue')->with('foo', 'bar', 2);
@@ -154,9 +154,8 @@ public function testTransactionLevelNotIncrementedOnTransactionException()
     public function testBeginTransactionMethodRetriesOnFailure()
     {
         $pdo = $this->createMock(DatabaseConnectionTestMockPDO::class);
-        $pdo->expects($this->at(0))
-            ->method('beginTransaction')
-            ->will($this->throwException(new ErrorException('server has gone away')));
+        $pdo->method('beginTransaction')
+            ->willReturnOnConsecutiveCalls($this->throwException(new ErrorException('server has gone away')));
         $connection = $this->getMockConnection(['reconnect'], $pdo);
         $connection->expects($this->once())->method('reconnect');
         $connection->beginTransaction();
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBelongsToManySyncReturnValueTypeTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBelongsToManySyncReturnValueTypeTest.php
index 9cd136b5d048..12d2a96e1b15 100644
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBelongsToManySyncReturnValueTypeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBelongsToManySyncReturnValueTypeTest.php
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ public function createSchema()
             $table->foreign('article_id')->references('id')->on('articles');
             $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
             $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users');
+            $table->boolean('visible')->default(false);
         });
     }
 
@@ -87,6 +88,28 @@ public function testSyncReturnValueType()
         collect($changes['attached'])->map(function ($id) {
             $this->assertSame(gettype($id), (new BelongsToManySyncTestTestArticle)->getKeyType());
         });
+
+        $user->articles->each(function (BelongsToManySyncTestTestArticle $article) {
+            $this->assertSame('0', $article->pivot->visible);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function testSyncWithPivotDefaultsReturnValueType()
+    {
+        $this->seedData();
+
+        $user = BelongsToManySyncTestTestUser::query()->first();
+        $articleIDs = BelongsToManySyncTestTestArticle::all()->pluck('id')->toArray();
+
+        $changes = $user->articles()->syncWithPivotValues($articleIDs, ['visible' => true]);
+
+        collect($changes['attached'])->each(function ($id) {
+            $this->assertSame(gettype($id), (new BelongsToManySyncTestTestArticle)->getKeyType());
+        });
+
+        $user->articles->each(function (BelongsToManySyncTestTestArticle $article) {
+            $this->assertSame('1', $article->pivot->visible);
+        });
     }
 
     /**
@@ -118,7 +141,7 @@ class BelongsToManySyncTestTestUser extends Eloquent
 
     public function articles()
     {
-        return $this->belongsToMany(BelongsToManySyncTestTestArticle::class, 'article_user', 'user_id', 'article_id');
+        return $this->belongsToMany(BelongsToManySyncTestTestArticle::class, 'article_user', 'user_id', 'article_id')->withPivot('visible');
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBuilderTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBuilderTest.php
index cfdacede80f6..6e0a59148954 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBuilderTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentBuilderTest.php
@@ -834,6 +834,21 @@ public function testWithMinOnBelongsToMany()
         $this->assertSame('select "eloquent_builder_test_model_parent_stubs".*, (select min("eloquent_builder_test_model_far_related_stubs"."id") from "eloquent_builder_test_model_far_related_stubs" inner join "user_role" on "eloquent_builder_test_model_far_related_stubs"."id" = "user_role"."related_id" where "eloquent_builder_test_model_parent_stubs"."id" = "user_role"."self_id") as "roles_min_id" from "eloquent_builder_test_model_parent_stubs"', $builder->toSql());
     }
 
+    public function testWithMinOnSelfRelated()
+    {
+        $model = new EloquentBuilderTestModelSelfRelatedStub;
+
+        $sql = $model->withMin('childFoos', 'created_at')->toSql();
+
+        // alias has a dynamic hash, so replace with a static string for comparison
+        $alias = 'self_alias_hash';
+        $aliasRegex = '/\b(laravel_reserved_\d)(\b|$)/i';
+
+        $sql = preg_replace($aliasRegex, $alias, $sql);
+
+        $this->assertSame('select "self_related_stubs".*, (select min("self_alias_hash"."created_at") from "self_related_stubs" as "self_alias_hash" where "self_related_stubs"."id" = "self_alias_hash"."parent_id") as "child_foos_min_created_at" from "self_related_stubs"', $sql);
+    }
+
     public function testWithCountAndConstraintsAndHaving()
     {
         $model = new EloquentBuilderTestModelParentStub;
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentFactoryTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentFactoryTest.php
index 3b87fca3ee58..fd402edfdf2c 100644
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentFactoryTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentFactoryTest.php
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
 
 use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application;
 use Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager as DB;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Sequence;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model as Eloquent;
-use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
 use Mockery;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 
@@ -250,6 +250,36 @@ public function test_belongs_to_relationship()
         $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestPost::all());
     }
 
+    public function test_belongs_to_relationship_with_existing_model_instance()
+    {
+        $user = FactoryTestUserFactory::new(['name' => 'Taylor Otwell'])->create();
+        $posts = FactoryTestPostFactory::times(3)
+                        ->for($user, 'user')
+                        ->create();
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, $posts->filter(function ($post) use ($user) {
+            return $post->user->is($user);
+        }));
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, FactoryTestUser::all());
+        $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestPost::all());
+    }
+
+    public function test_belongs_to_relationship_with_existing_model_instance_with_relationship_name_implied_from_model()
+    {
+        $user = FactoryTestUserFactory::new(['name' => 'Taylor Otwell'])->create();
+        $posts = FactoryTestPostFactory::times(3)
+                        ->for($user)
+                        ->create();
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, $posts->filter(function ($post) use ($user) {
+            return $post->factoryTestUser->is($user);
+        }));
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, FactoryTestUser::all());
+        $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestPost::all());
+    }
+
     public function test_morph_to_relationship()
     {
         $posts = FactoryTestCommentFactory::times(3)
@@ -263,6 +293,20 @@ public function test_morph_to_relationship()
         $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestComment::all());
     }
 
+    public function test_morph_to_relationship_with_existing_model_instance()
+    {
+        $post = FactoryTestPostFactory::new(['title' => 'Test Title'])->create();
+        $posts = FactoryTestCommentFactory::times(3)
+                        ->for($post, 'commentable')
+                        ->create();
+
+        $this->assertSame('Test Title', FactoryTestPost::first()->title);
+        $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestPost::first()->comments);
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, FactoryTestPost::all());
+        $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestComment::all());
+    }
+
     public function test_belongs_to_many_relationship()
     {
         $users = FactoryTestUserFactory::times(3)
@@ -290,6 +334,52 @@ public function test_belongs_to_many_relationship()
         unset($_SERVER['__test.role.creating-user']);
     }
 
+    public function test_belongs_to_many_relationship_with_existing_model_instances()
+    {
+        $roles = FactoryTestRoleFactory::times(3)
+                        ->afterCreating(function ($role) {
+                            $_SERVER['__test.role.creating-role'] = $role;
+                        })
+                        ->create();
+        FactoryTestUserFactory::times(3)
+                        ->hasAttached($roles, ['admin' => 'Y'], 'roles')
+                        ->create();
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestRole::all());
+
+        $user = FactoryTestUser::latest()->first();
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, $user->roles);
+        $this->assertSame('Y', $user->roles->first()->pivot->admin);
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Eloquent::class, $_SERVER['__test.role.creating-role']);
+
+        unset($_SERVER['__test.role.creating-role']);
+    }
+
+    public function test_belongs_to_many_relationship_with_existing_model_instances_with_relationship_name_implied_from_model()
+    {
+        $roles = FactoryTestRoleFactory::times(3)
+                        ->afterCreating(function ($role) {
+                            $_SERVER['__test.role.creating-role'] = $role;
+                        })
+                        ->create();
+        FactoryTestUserFactory::times(3)
+                        ->hasAttached($roles, ['admin' => 'Y'])
+                        ->create();
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, FactoryTestRole::all());
+
+        $user = FactoryTestUser::latest()->first();
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, $user->factoryTestRoles);
+        $this->assertSame('Y', $user->factoryTestRoles->first()->pivot->admin);
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Eloquent::class, $_SERVER['__test.role.creating-role']);
+
+        unset($_SERVER['__test.role.creating-role']);
+    }
+
     public function test_sequences()
     {
         $users = FactoryTestUserFactory::times(2)->sequence(
@@ -383,6 +473,16 @@ public function test_dynamic_has_and_for_methods()
         $this->assertCount(2, $post->comments);
     }
 
+    public function test_can_be_macroable()
+    {
+        $factory = FactoryTestUserFactory::new();
+        $factory->macro('getFoo', function () {
+            return 'Hello World';
+        });
+
+        $this->assertEquals('Hello World', $factory->getFoo());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get a database connection instance.
      *
@@ -432,6 +532,11 @@ public function roles()
     {
         return $this->belongsToMany(FactoryTestRole::class, 'role_user', 'user_id', 'role_id')->withPivot('admin');
     }
+
+    public function factoryTestRoles()
+    {
+        return $this->belongsToMany(FactoryTestRole::class, 'role_user', 'user_id', 'role_id')->withPivot('admin');
+    }
 }
 
 class FactoryTestPostFactory extends Factory
@@ -456,6 +561,11 @@ public function user()
         return $this->belongsTo(FactoryTestUser::class, 'user_id');
     }
 
+    public function factoryTestUser()
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(FactoryTestUser::class, 'user_id');
+    }
+
     public function author()
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(FactoryTestUser::class, 'user_id');
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentIntegrationTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentIntegrationTest.php
index c3b33a9d941b..d3a7ffb3a414 100644
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentIntegrationTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentIntegrationTest.php
@@ -805,6 +805,27 @@ public function testHasOnMorphToRelationship()
         $this->assertEquals(1, $photos->count());
     }
 
+    public function testBelongsToManyRelationshipModelsAreProperlyHydratedWithSoleQuery()
+    {
+        $user = EloquentTestUserWithCustomFriendPivot::create(['email' => 'taylorotwell@gmail.com']);
+        $user->friends()->create(['email' => 'abigailotwell@gmail.com']);
+
+        $user->friends()->get()->each(function ($friend) {
+            $this->assertTrue($friend->pivot instanceof EloquentTestFriendPivot);
+        });
+
+        $soleFriend = $user->friends()->where('email', 'abigailotwell@gmail.com')->sole();
+
+        $this->assertTrue($soleFriend->pivot instanceof EloquentTestFriendPivot);
+    }
+
+    public function testBelongsToManyRelationshipMissingModelExceptionWithSoleQueryWorks()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(ModelNotFoundException::class);
+        $user = EloquentTestUserWithCustomFriendPivot::create(['email' => 'taylorotwell@gmail.com']);
+        $user->friends()->where('email', 'abigailotwell@gmail.com')->sole();
+    }
+
     public function testBelongsToManyRelationshipModelsAreProperlyHydratedOverChunkedRequest()
     {
         $user = EloquentTestUser::create(['email' => 'taylorotwell@gmail.com']);
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php
index 114c4ae6f5c2..42f3b6563927 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php
@@ -1211,23 +1211,6 @@ public function testCorrectMorphClassIsReturned()
         }
     }
 
-    public function testCorrectMorphClassIsReturnedOnChangingDefault()
-    {
-        Relation::tableNameAsMorphType();
-        Relation::morphMap(['alias' => EloquentModelCamelStub::class]);
-        Relation::morphMap(['alias2' => 'AnotherModel']);
-        $model = new EloquentModelStub;
-        $model2 = new EloquentModelCamelStub;
-
-        try {
-            $this->assertEquals('stub', $model->getMorphClass());
-            $this->assertEquals('alias', $model2->getMorphClass());
-        } finally {
-            Relation::morphMap([], false);
-            Relation::$tableNameAsMorphType = false;
-        }
-    }
-
     public function testHasManyCreatesProperRelation()
     {
         $model = new EloquentModelStub;
@@ -1275,6 +1258,7 @@ public function testMorphToCreatesProperRelation()
         $this->addMockConnection($model);
 
         // $this->morphTo();
+        $model->setAttribute('morph_to_stub_type', EloquentModelSaveStub::class);
         $relation = $model->morphToStub();
         $this->assertSame('morph_to_stub_id', $relation->getForeignKeyName());
         $this->assertSame('morph_to_stub_type', $relation->getMorphType());
@@ -2229,7 +2213,6 @@ class EloquentModelStub extends Model
     public $scopesCalled = [];
     protected $table = 'stub';
     protected $guarded = [];
-    protected $morph_to_stub_type = EloquentModelSaveStub::class;
     protected $casts = ['castedFloat' => 'float'];
 
     public function getListItemsAttribute($value)
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentMorphToTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentMorphToTest.php
index 67c584e0fe4e..0b0741de406c 100644
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentMorphToTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentMorphToTest.php
@@ -90,6 +90,26 @@ public function testMorphToWithArrayDefault()
         $this->assertSame('taylor', $result->username);
     }
 
+    public function testMorphToWithZeroMorphType()
+    {
+        $parent = $this->getMockBuilder(EloquentMorphToModelStub::class)->onlyMethods(['getAttributeFromArray', 'morphEagerTo', 'morphInstanceTo'])->getMock();
+        $parent->method('getAttributeFromArray')->with('relation_type')->willReturn(0);
+        $parent->expects($this->once())->method('morphInstanceTo');
+        $parent->expects($this->never())->method('morphEagerTo');
+
+        $parent->relation();
+    }
+
+    public function testMorphToWithEmptyStringMorphType()
+    {
+        $parent = $this->getMockBuilder(EloquentMorphToModelStub::class)->onlyMethods(['getAttributeFromArray', 'morphEagerTo', 'morphInstanceTo'])->getMock();
+        $parent->method('getAttributeFromArray')->with('relation_type')->willReturn('');
+        $parent->expects($this->once())->method('morphEagerTo');
+        $parent->expects($this->never())->method('morphInstanceTo');
+
+        $parent->relation();
+    }
+
     public function testMorphToWithSpecifiedClassDefault()
     {
         $parent = new EloquentMorphToModelStub;
@@ -112,7 +132,7 @@ public function testAssociateMethodSetsForeignKeyAndTypeOnModel()
         $relation = $this->getRelationAssociate($parent);
 
         $associate = m::mock(Model::class);
-        $associate->shouldReceive('getKey')->once()->andReturn(1);
+        $associate->shouldReceive('getAttribute')->once()->andReturn(1);
         $associate->shouldReceive('getMorphClass')->once()->andReturn('Model');
 
         $parent->shouldReceive('setAttribute')->once()->with('foreign_key', 1);
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseMySqlBuilderTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseMySqlBuilderTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd36209eb40e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseMySqlBuilderTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Grammars\MySqlGrammar;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\MySqlBuilder;
+use Mockery as m;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class DatabaseMySqlBuilderTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $grammar = new MySqlGrammar();
+
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->with('charset')->andReturn('utf8mb4');
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->with('collation')->andReturn('utf8mb4_unicode_ci');
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once()->andReturn($grammar);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('statement')->once()->with(
+            'create database `my_temporary_database` default character set `utf8mb4` default collate `utf8mb4_unicode_ci`'
+        )->andReturn(true);
+
+        $builder = new MySqlBuilder($connection);
+        $builder->createDatabase('my_temporary_database');
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $grammar = new MySqlGrammar();
+
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once()->andReturn($grammar);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('statement')->once()->with(
+            'drop database if exists `my_database_a`'
+        )->andReturn(true);
+
+        $builder = new MySqlBuilder($connection);
+
+        $builder->dropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_a');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseMySqlSchemaGrammarTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseMySqlSchemaGrammarTest.php
index c89af64847ad..4c8813130677 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseMySqlSchemaGrammarTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseMySqlSchemaGrammarTest.php
@@ -504,6 +504,19 @@ public function testAddingColumnAfterAnotherColumn()
         $this->assertSame('alter table `users` add `name` varchar(255) not null after `foo`', $statements[0]);
     }
 
+    public function testAddingMultipleColumnsAfterAnotherColumn()
+    {
+        $blueprint = new Blueprint('users');
+        $blueprint->after('foo', function ($blueprint) {
+            $blueprint->string('one');
+            $blueprint->string('two');
+        });
+        $blueprint->string('three');
+        $statements = $blueprint->toSql($this->getConnection(), $this->getGrammar());
+        $this->assertCount(1, $statements);
+        $this->assertSame('alter table `users` add `one` varchar(255) not null after `foo`, add `two` varchar(255) not null after `one`, add `three` varchar(255) not null', $statements[0]);
+    }
+
     public function testAddingGeneratedColumn()
     {
         $blueprint = new Blueprint('products');
@@ -1155,6 +1168,48 @@ public function testGrammarsAreMacroable()
         $this->assertTrue($c);
     }
 
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $connection = $this->getConnection();
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->once()->with('charset')->andReturn('utf8mb4_foo');
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->once()->with('collation')->andReturn('utf8mb4_unicode_ci_foo');
+
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileCreateDatabase('my_database_a', $connection);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'create database `my_database_a` default character set `utf8mb4_foo` default collate `utf8mb4_unicode_ci_foo`',
+            $statement
+        );
+
+        $connection = $this->getConnection();
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->once()->with('charset')->andReturn('utf8mb4_bar');
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->once()->with('collation')->andReturn('utf8mb4_unicode_ci_bar');
+
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileCreateDatabase('my_database_b', $connection);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'create database `my_database_b` default character set `utf8mb4_bar` default collate `utf8mb4_unicode_ci_bar`',
+            $statement
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileDropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_a');
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'drop database if exists `my_database_a`',
+            $statement
+        );
+
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileDropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_b');
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'drop database if exists `my_database_b`',
+            $statement
+        );
+    }
+
     protected function getConnection()
     {
         return m::mock(Connection::class);
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabasePostgresBuilderTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabasePostgresBuilderTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..490f66cb4ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabasePostgresBuilderTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Grammars\PostgresGrammar;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\PostgresBuilder;
+use Mockery as m;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class DatabasePostgresBuilderTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $grammar = new PostgresGrammar();
+
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->with('charset')->andReturn('utf8');
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once()->andReturn($grammar);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('statement')->once()->with(
+            'create database "my_temporary_database" encoding "utf8"'
+        )->andReturn(true);
+
+        $builder = $this->getBuilder($connection);
+        $builder->createDatabase('my_temporary_database');
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $grammar = new PostgresGrammar();
+
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once()->andReturn($grammar);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('statement')->once()->with(
+            'drop database if exists "my_database_a"'
+        )->andReturn(true);
+
+        $builder = $this->getBuilder($connection);
+
+        $builder->dropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_a');
+    }
+
+    protected function getBuilder($connection)
+    {
+        return new PostgresBuilder($connection);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabasePostgresSchemaGrammarTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabasePostgresSchemaGrammarTest.php
index 052197fd08c4..3a7f80ae3865 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabasePostgresSchemaGrammarTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabasePostgresSchemaGrammarTest.php
@@ -977,6 +977,44 @@ public function testAddingMultiPolygon()
         $this->assertSame('alter table "geo" add column "coordinates" geography(multipolygon, 4326) not null', $statements[0]);
     }
 
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $connection = $this->getConnection();
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->once()->with('charset')->andReturn('utf8_foo');
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileCreateDatabase('my_database_a', $connection);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'create database "my_database_a" encoding "utf8_foo"',
+            $statement
+        );
+
+        $connection = $this->getConnection();
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getConfig')->once()->once()->with('charset')->andReturn('utf8_bar');
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileCreateDatabase('my_database_b', $connection);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'create database "my_database_b" encoding "utf8_bar"',
+            $statement
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileDropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_a');
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'drop database if exists "my_database_a"',
+            $statement
+        );
+
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileDropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_b');
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'drop database if exists "my_database_b"',
+            $statement
+        );
+    }
+
     public function testDropAllTablesEscapesTableNames()
     {
         $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileDropAllTables(['alpha', 'beta', 'gamma']);
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseQueryBuilderTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseQueryBuilderTest.php
index ff013202564d..55b02d9b5ae8 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseQueryBuilderTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseQueryBuilderTest.php
@@ -301,24 +301,29 @@ public function testBasicWheres()
     public function testWheresWithArrayValue()
     {
         $builder = $this->getBuilder();
-        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->where('id', [12, 30]);
+        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->where('id', [12]);
         $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" = ?', $builder->toSql());
-        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12, 1 => 30], $builder->getBindings());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12], $builder->getBindings());
 
         $builder = $this->getBuilder();
         $builder->select('*')->from('users')->where('id', '=', [12, 30]);
         $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" = ?', $builder->toSql());
-        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12, 1 => 30], $builder->getBindings());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12], $builder->getBindings());
 
         $builder = $this->getBuilder();
         $builder->select('*')->from('users')->where('id', '!=', [12, 30]);
         $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" != ?', $builder->toSql());
-        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12, 1 => 30], $builder->getBindings());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12], $builder->getBindings());
 
         $builder = $this->getBuilder();
         $builder->select('*')->from('users')->where('id', '<>', [12, 30]);
         $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" <> ?', $builder->toSql());
-        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12, 1 => 30], $builder->getBindings());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12], $builder->getBindings());
+
+        $builder = $this->getBuilder();
+        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->where('id', '=', [[12, 30]]);
+        $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" = ?', $builder->toSql());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 12], $builder->getBindings());
     }
 
     public function testMySqlWrappingProtectsQuotationMarks()
@@ -649,6 +654,16 @@ public function testWhereBetweens()
         $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" between ? and ?', $builder->toSql());
         $this->assertEquals([0 => 1, 1 => 2], $builder->getBindings());
 
+        $builder = $this->getBuilder();
+        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->whereBetween('id', [[1, 2, 3]]);
+        $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" between ? and ?', $builder->toSql());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 1, 1 => 2], $builder->getBindings());
+
+        $builder = $this->getBuilder();
+        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->whereBetween('id', [[1], [2, 3]]);
+        $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" between ? and ?', $builder->toSql());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 1, 1 => 2], $builder->getBindings());
+
         $builder = $this->getBuilder();
         $builder->select('*')->from('users')->whereNotBetween('id', [1, 2]);
         $this->assertSame('select * from "users" where "id" not between ? and ?', $builder->toSql());
@@ -1244,10 +1259,19 @@ public function testHavings()
         $builder = $this->getBuilder();
         $builder->select(['category', new Raw('count(*) as "total"')])->from('item')->where('department', '=', 'popular')->groupBy('category')->having('total', '>', 3);
         $this->assertSame('select "category", count(*) as "total" from "item" where "department" = ? group by "category" having "total" > ?', $builder->toSql());
+    }
+
+    public function testHavingBetweens()
+    {
+        $builder = $this->getBuilder();
+        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->havingBetween('id', [1, 2, 3]);
+        $this->assertSame('select * from "users" having "id" between ? and ?', $builder->toSql());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 1, 1 => 2], $builder->getBindings());
 
         $builder = $this->getBuilder();
-        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->havingBetween('last_login_date', ['2018-11-16', '2018-12-16']);
-        $this->assertSame('select * from "users" having "last_login_date" between ? and ?', $builder->toSql());
+        $builder->select('*')->from('users')->havingBetween('id', [[1, 2], [3, 4]]);
+        $this->assertSame('select * from "users" having "id" between ? and ?', $builder->toSql());
+        $this->assertEquals([0 => 1, 1 => 2], $builder->getBindings());
     }
 
     public function testHavingShortcut()
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseSQLiteBuilderTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseSQLiteBuilderTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2587ea67d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseSQLiteBuilderTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\SQLiteBuilder;
+use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\File;
+use Mockery as m;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class DatabaseSQLiteBuilderTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        $app = new Container();
+
+        Container::setInstance($app)
+            ->singleton('files', Filesystem::class);
+
+        Facade::setFacadeApplication($app);
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        m::close();
+
+        Container::setInstance(null);
+        Facade::setFacadeApplication(null);
+    }
+
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once();
+
+        $builder = new SQLiteBuilder($connection);
+
+        File::shouldReceive('put')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('my_temporary_database_a', '')
+            ->andReturn(20); // bytes
+
+        $this->assertTrue($builder->createDatabase('my_temporary_database_a'));
+
+        File::shouldReceive('put')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('my_temporary_database_b', '')
+            ->andReturn(false);
+
+        $this->assertFalse($builder->createDatabase('my_temporary_database_b'));
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once();
+
+        $builder = new SQLiteBuilder($connection);
+
+        File::shouldReceive('exists')
+            ->once()
+            ->andReturn(true);
+
+        File::shouldReceive('delete')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('my_temporary_database_b')
+            ->andReturn(true);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($builder->dropDatabaseIfExists('my_temporary_database_b'));
+
+        File::shouldReceive('exists')
+            ->once()
+            ->andReturn(false);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($builder->dropDatabaseIfExists('my_temporary_database_c'));
+
+        File::shouldReceive('exists')
+            ->once()
+            ->andReturn(true);
+
+        File::shouldReceive('delete')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('my_temporary_database_c')
+            ->andReturn(false);
+
+        $this->assertFalse($builder->dropDatabaseIfExists('my_temporary_database_c'));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseSQLiteSchemaGrammarTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseSQLiteSchemaGrammarTest.php
index 41e53cc725e7..226c58bf2b34 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseSQLiteSchemaGrammarTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseSQLiteSchemaGrammarTest.php
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ public function testAddingString()
         $statements = $blueprint->toSql($this->getConnection(), $this->getGrammar());
 
         $this->assertCount(1, $statements);
-        $this->assertSame('alter table "users" add column "foo" varchar null default \'bar\'', $statements[0]);
+        $this->assertSame('alter table "users" add column "foo" varchar default \'bar\'', $statements[0]);
     }
 
     public function testAddingText()
@@ -663,8 +663,8 @@ public function testAddingTimestamps()
         $statements = $blueprint->toSql($this->getConnection(), $this->getGrammar());
         $this->assertCount(2, $statements);
         $this->assertEquals([
-            'alter table "users" add column "created_at" datetime null',
-            'alter table "users" add column "updated_at" datetime null',
+            'alter table "users" add column "created_at" datetime',
+            'alter table "users" add column "updated_at" datetime',
         ], $statements);
     }
 
@@ -675,8 +675,8 @@ public function testAddingTimestampsTz()
         $statements = $blueprint->toSql($this->getConnection(), $this->getGrammar());
         $this->assertCount(2, $statements);
         $this->assertEquals([
-            'alter table "users" add column "created_at" datetime null',
-            'alter table "users" add column "updated_at" datetime null',
+            'alter table "users" add column "created_at" datetime',
+            'alter table "users" add column "updated_at" datetime',
         ], $statements);
     }
 
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ public function testAddingRememberToken()
         $statements = $blueprint->toSql($this->getConnection(), $this->getGrammar());
 
         $this->assertCount(1, $statements);
-        $this->assertSame('alter table "users" add column "remember_token" varchar null', $statements[0]);
+        $this->assertSame('alter table "users" add column "remember_token" varchar', $statements[0]);
     }
 
     public function testAddingBinary()
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseSchemaBuilderTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseSchemaBuilderTest.php
index 53a13c79128c..b22bfd7dc70e 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseSchemaBuilderTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseSchemaBuilderTest.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder;
+use LogicException;
 use Mockery as m;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use stdClass;
@@ -15,6 +16,32 @@ protected function tearDown(): void
         m::close();
     }
 
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $grammar = m::mock(stdClass::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->andReturn($grammar);
+        $builder = new Builder($connection);
+
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('This database driver does not support creating databases.');
+
+        $builder->createDatabase('foo');
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $grammar = m::mock(stdClass::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->andReturn($grammar);
+        $builder = new Builder($connection);
+
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('This database driver does not support dropping databases.');
+
+        $builder->dropDatabaseIfExists('foo');
+    }
+
     public function testHasTableCorrectlyCallsGrammar()
     {
         $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseSqlServerSchemaGrammarTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseSqlServerSchemaGrammarTest.php
index 5ca3790522ab..72a072592b1a 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseSqlServerSchemaGrammarTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseSqlServerSchemaGrammarTest.php
@@ -894,6 +894,42 @@ public function testQuoteStringOnArray()
         $this->assertSame("N'中文', N'測試'", $this->getGrammar()->quoteString(['中文', '測試']));
     }
 
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $connection = $this->getConnection();
+
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileCreateDatabase('my_database_a', $connection);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'create database "my_database_a"',
+            $statement
+        );
+
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileCreateDatabase('my_database_b', $connection);
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'create database "my_database_b"',
+            $statement
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileDropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_a');
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'drop database if exists "my_database_a"',
+            $statement
+        );
+
+        $statement = $this->getGrammar()->compileDropDatabaseIfExists('my_database_b');
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'drop database if exists "my_database_b"',
+            $statement
+        );
+    }
+
     protected function getConnection()
     {
         return m::mock(Connection::class);
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseTransactionsManagerTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseTransactionsManagerTest.php
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..172a48e5a4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseTransactionsManagerTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\DatabaseTransactionsManager;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class DatabaseTransactionsManagerTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testBeginningTransactions()
+    {
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 1);
+        $manager->begin('default', 2);
+        $manager->begin('admin', 1);
+
+        $this->assertCount(3, $manager->getTransactions());
+        $this->assertEquals('default', $manager->getTransactions()[0]->connection);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $manager->getTransactions()[0]->level);
+        $this->assertEquals('default', $manager->getTransactions()[1]->connection);
+        $this->assertEquals(2, $manager->getTransactions()[1]->level);
+        $this->assertEquals('admin', $manager->getTransactions()[2]->connection);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $manager->getTransactions()[2]->level);
+    }
+
+    public function testRollingBackTransactions()
+    {
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 1);
+        $manager->begin('default', 2);
+        $manager->begin('admin', 1);
+
+        $manager->rollback('default', 1);
+
+        $this->assertCount(2, $manager->getTransactions());
+
+        $this->assertEquals('default', $manager->getTransactions()[0]->connection);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $manager->getTransactions()[0]->level);
+
+        $this->assertEquals('admin', $manager->getTransactions()[1]->connection);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $manager->getTransactions()[1]->level);
+    }
+
+    public function testRollingBackTransactionsAllTheWay()
+    {
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 1);
+        $manager->begin('default', 2);
+        $manager->begin('admin', 1);
+
+        $manager->rollback('default', 0);
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $manager->getTransactions());
+
+        $this->assertEquals('admin', $manager->getTransactions()[0]->connection);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $manager->getTransactions()[0]->level);
+    }
+
+    public function testCommittingTransactions()
+    {
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 1);
+        $manager->begin('default', 2);
+        $manager->begin('admin', 1);
+
+        $manager->commit('default');
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $manager->getTransactions());
+
+        $this->assertEquals('admin', $manager->getTransactions()[0]->connection);
+        $this->assertEquals(1, $manager->getTransactions()[0]->level);
+    }
+
+    public function testCallbacksAreAddedToTheCurrentTransaction()
+    {
+        $callbacks = [];
+
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 1);
+
+        $manager->addCallback(function () use (&$callbacks) {
+        });
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 2);
+
+        $manager->begin('admin', 1);
+
+        $manager->addCallback(function () use (&$callbacks) {
+        });
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $manager->getTransactions()[0]->getCallbacks());
+        $this->assertCount(0, $manager->getTransactions()[1]->getCallbacks());
+        $this->assertCount(1, $manager->getTransactions()[2]->getCallbacks());
+    }
+
+    public function testCommittingTransactionsExecutesCallbacks()
+    {
+        $callbacks = [];
+
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 1);
+
+        $manager->addCallback(function () use (&$callbacks) {
+            $callbacks[] = ['default', 1];
+        });
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 2);
+
+        $manager->addCallback(function () use (&$callbacks) {
+            $callbacks[] = ['default', 2];
+        });
+
+        $manager->begin('admin', 1);
+
+        $manager->commit('default');
+
+        $this->assertCount(2, $callbacks);
+        $this->assertEquals(['default', 1], $callbacks[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals(['default', 2], $callbacks[1]);
+    }
+
+    public function testCommittingExecutesOnlyCallbacksOfTheConnection()
+    {
+        $callbacks = [];
+
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 1);
+
+        $manager->addCallback(function () use (&$callbacks) {
+            $callbacks[] = ['default', 1];
+        });
+
+        $manager->begin('default', 2);
+        $manager->begin('admin', 1);
+
+        $manager->addCallback(function () use (&$callbacks) {
+            $callbacks[] = ['admin', 1];
+        });
+
+        $manager->commit('default');
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $callbacks);
+        $this->assertEquals(['default', 1], $callbacks[0]);
+    }
+
+    public function testCallbackIsExecutedIfNoTransactions()
+    {
+        $callbacks = [];
+
+        $manager = (new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+
+        $manager->addCallback(function () use (&$callbacks) {
+            $callbacks[] = ['default', 1];
+        });
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $callbacks);
+        $this->assertEquals(['default', 1], $callbacks[0]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseTransactionsTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseTransactionsTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2385d6d26313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseTransactionsTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Capsule\Manager as DB;
+use Illuminate\Database\DatabaseTransactionsManager;
+use Mockery as m;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class DatabaseTransactionsTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * Setup the database schema.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        $db = new DB;
+
+        $db->addConnection([
+            'driver' => 'sqlite',
+            'database' => ':memory:',
+        ]);
+
+        $db->addConnection([
+            'driver' => 'sqlite',
+            'database' => ':memory:',
+        ], 'second_connection');
+
+        $db->setAsGlobal();
+
+        $this->createSchema();
+    }
+
+    protected function createSchema()
+    {
+        foreach (['default', 'second_connection'] as $connection) {
+            $this->schema($connection)->create('users', function ($table) {
+                $table->increments('id');
+                $table->string('name')->nullable();
+                $table->string('value')->nullable();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tear down the database schema.
+     *
+     * @return void
+     */
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        foreach (['default', 'second_connection'] as $connection) {
+            $this->schema($connection)->drop('users');
+        }
+
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testTransactionIsRecordedAndCommitted()
+    {
+        $transactionManager = m::mock(new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('commit')->once()->with('default');
+
+        $this->connection()->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->insert([
+            'name' => 'zain', 'value' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->connection()->transaction(function () {
+            $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                'value' => 2,
+            ]);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function testTransactionIsRecordedAndCommittedUsingTheSeparateMethods()
+    {
+        $transactionManager = m::mock(new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('commit')->once()->with('default');
+
+        $this->connection()->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->insert([
+            'name' => 'zain', 'value' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->connection()->beginTransaction();
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+            'value' => 2,
+        ]);
+        $this->connection()->commit();
+    }
+
+    public function testNestedTransactionIsRecordedAndCommitted()
+    {
+        $transactionManager = m::mock(new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 2);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('commit')->once()->with('default');
+
+        $this->connection()->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->insert([
+            'name' => 'zain', 'value' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->connection()->transaction(function () {
+            $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                'value' => 2,
+            ]);
+
+            $this->connection()->transaction(function () {
+                $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                    'value' => 2,
+                ]);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function testNestedTransactionIsRecordeForDifferentConnectionsdAndCommitted()
+    {
+        $transactionManager = m::mock(new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('second_connection', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('second_connection', 2);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('commit')->once()->with('default');
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('commit')->once()->with('second_connection');
+
+        $this->connection()->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+        $this->connection('second_connection')->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->insert([
+            'name' => 'zain', 'value' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->connection()->transaction(function () {
+            $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                'value' => 2,
+            ]);
+
+            $this->connection('second_connection')->transaction(function () {
+                $this->connection('second_connection')->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                    'value' => 2,
+                ]);
+
+                $this->connection('second_connection')->transaction(function () {
+                    $this->connection('second_connection')->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                        'value' => 2,
+                    ]);
+                });
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function testTransactionIsRolledBack()
+    {
+        $transactionManager = m::mock(new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('rollback')->once()->with('default', 0);
+        $transactionManager->shouldNotReceive('commit');
+
+        $this->connection()->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->insert([
+            'name' => 'zain', 'value' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        try {
+            $this->connection()->transaction(function () {
+                $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                    'value' => 2,
+                ]);
+
+                throw new \Exception;
+            });
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testTransactionIsRolledBackUsingSeparateMethods()
+    {
+        $transactionManager = m::mock(new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('rollback')->once()->with('default', 0);
+        $transactionManager->shouldNotReceive('commit');
+
+        $this->connection()->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->insert([
+            'name' => 'zain', 'value' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->connection()->beginTransaction();
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+            'value' => 2,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->connection()->rollBack();
+    }
+
+    public function testNestedTransactionsAreRolledBack()
+    {
+        $transactionManager = m::mock(new DatabaseTransactionsManager());
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('begin')->once()->with('default', 2);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('rollback')->once()->with('default', 1);
+        $transactionManager->shouldReceive('rollback')->once()->with('default', 0);
+        $transactionManager->shouldNotReceive('commit');
+
+        $this->connection()->setTransactionManager($transactionManager);
+
+        $this->connection()->table('users')->insert([
+            'name' => 'zain', 'value' => 1,
+        ]);
+
+        try {
+            $this->connection()->transaction(function () {
+                $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                    'value' => 2,
+                ]);
+
+                $this->connection()->transaction(function () {
+                    $this->connection()->table('users')->where(['name' => 'zain'])->update([
+                        'value' => 2,
+                    ]);
+
+                    throw new \Exception;
+                });
+            });
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a schema builder instance.
+     *
+     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Builder
+     */
+    protected function schema($connection = 'default')
+    {
+        return $this->connection($connection)->getSchemaBuilder();
+    }
+
+    public function connection($name = 'default')
+    {
+        return DB::connection($name);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Database/SqlServerBuilderTest.php b/tests/Database/SqlServerBuilderTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..de82f796056c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Database/SqlServerBuilderTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Grammars\SqlServerGrammar;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\SqlServerBuilder;
+use Mockery as m;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class SqlServerBuilderTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testCreateDatabase()
+    {
+        $grammar = new SqlServerGrammar();
+
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once()->andReturn($grammar);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('statement')->once()->with(
+            'create database "my_temporary_database_a"'
+        )->andReturn(true);
+
+        $builder = new SqlServerBuilder($connection);
+        $builder->createDatabase('my_temporary_database_a');
+    }
+
+    public function testDropDatabaseIfExists()
+    {
+        $grammar = new SqlServerGrammar();
+
+        $connection = m::mock(Connection::class);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('getSchemaGrammar')->once()->andReturn($grammar);
+        $connection->shouldReceive('statement')->once()->with(
+            'drop database if exists "my_temporary_database_b"'
+        )->andReturn(true);
+
+        $builder = new SqlServerBuilder($connection);
+
+        $builder->dropDatabaseIfExists('my_temporary_database_b');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Foundation/FoundationExceptionsHandlerTest.php b/tests/Foundation/FoundationExceptionsHandlerTest.php
index 887de48f7ddd..55b2d54982a5 100644
--- a/tests/Foundation/FoundationExceptionsHandlerTest.php
+++ b/tests/Foundation/FoundationExceptionsHandlerTest.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\ResponseFactory as ResponseFactoryContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Responsable;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory;
+use Illuminate\Database\RecordsNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -75,6 +76,15 @@ public function testHandlerReportsExceptionAsContext()
         $this->handler->report(new RuntimeException('Exception message'));
     }
 
+    public function testHandlerCallsContextMethodIfPresent()
+    {
+        $logger = m::mock(LoggerInterface::class);
+        $this->container->instance(LoggerInterface::class, $logger);
+        $logger->shouldReceive('error')->withArgs(['Exception message', m::subset(['foo' => 'bar'])])->once();
+
+        $this->handler->report(new ContextProvidingException('Exception message'));
+    }
+
     public function testHandlerReportsExceptionWhenUnReportable()
     {
         $logger = m::mock(LoggerInterface::class);
@@ -235,6 +245,23 @@ public function testSuspiciousOperationReturns404WithoutReporting()
 
         $this->handler->report(new SuspiciousOperationException('Invalid method override "__CONSTRUCT"'));
     }
+
+    public function testRecordsNotFoundReturns404WithoutReporting()
+    {
+        $this->config->shouldReceive('get')->with('app.debug', null)->once()->andReturn(true);
+        $this->request->shouldReceive('expectsJson')->once()->andReturn(true);
+
+        $response = $this->handler->render($this->request, new RecordsNotFoundException());
+
+        $this->assertEquals(404, $response->getStatusCode());
+        $this->assertStringContainsString('"message": "Not found."', $response->getContent());
+
+        $logger = m::mock(LoggerInterface::class);
+        $this->container->instance(LoggerInterface::class, $logger);
+        $logger->shouldNotReceive('error');
+
+        $this->handler->report(new RecordsNotFoundException());
+    }
 }
 
 class CustomException extends Exception
@@ -265,6 +292,16 @@ public function report()
     }
 }
 
+class ContextProvidingException extends Exception
+{
+    public function context()
+    {
+        return [
+            'foo' => 'bar',
+        ];
+    }
+}
+
 interface ReportingService
 {
     public function send($message);
diff --git a/tests/Foundation/FoundationFormRequestTest.php b/tests/Foundation/FoundationFormRequestTest.php
index fb535897f5ca..d394566ce6cb 100644
--- a/tests/Foundation/FoundationFormRequestTest.php
+++ b/tests/Foundation/FoundationFormRequestTest.php
@@ -119,15 +119,15 @@ public function test_after_validation_runs_after_validation()
      * Catch the given exception thrown from the executor, and return it.
      *
      * @param  string  $class
-     * @param  \Closure  $excecutor
+     * @param  \Closure  $executor
      * @return \Exception
      *
      * @throws \Exception
      */
-    protected function catchException($class, $excecutor)
+    protected function catchException($class, $executor)
     {
         try {
-            $excecutor();
+            $executor();
         } catch (Exception $e) {
             if (is_a($e, $class)) {
                 return $e;
diff --git a/tests/Foundation/Http/Middleware/ConvertEmptyStringsToNullTest.php b/tests/Foundation/Http/Middleware/ConvertEmptyStringsToNullTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6e3d767b125d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Foundation/Http/Middleware/ConvertEmptyStringsToNullTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Foundation\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request as SymfonyRequest;
+
+class ConvertEmptyStringsToNullTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testConvertsEmptyStringsToNull()
+    {
+        $middleware = new ConvertEmptyStringsToNull();
+        $symfonyRequest = new SymfonyRequest([
+            'foo' => 'bar',
+            'baz' => '',
+        ]);
+        $symfonyRequest->server->set('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET');
+        $request = Request::createFromBase($symfonyRequest);
+
+        $middleware->handle($request, function (Request $request) {
+            $this->assertSame('bar', $request->get('foo'));
+            $this->assertNull($request->get('bar'));
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequestsTest.php b/tests/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequestsTest.php
index 277b6dedf8b2..da1540d21f33 100644
--- a/tests/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequestsTest.php
+++ b/tests/Foundation/Testing/Concerns/MakesHttpRequestsTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Foundation\Testing\Concerns;
 
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\Registrar;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\UrlGenerator;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase;
 
 class MakesHttpRequestsTest extends TestCase
@@ -114,6 +117,48 @@ public function testWithoutAndWithCredentials()
         $this->defaultCookies = ['foo' => 'bar'];
         $this->assertSame(['foo' => 'bar'], $this->prepareCookiesForJsonRequest());
     }
+
+    public function testFollowingRedirects()
+    {
+        $router = $this->app->make(Registrar::class);
+        $url = $this->app->make(UrlGenerator::class);
+
+        $router->get('from', function () use ($url) {
+            return new RedirectResponse($url->to('to'));
+        });
+
+        $router->get('to', function () {
+            return 'OK';
+        });
+
+        $this->followingRedirects()
+            ->get('from')
+            ->assertOk()
+            ->assertSee('OK');
+    }
+
+    public function testFollowingRedirectsTerminatesInExpectedOrder()
+    {
+        $router = $this->app->make(Registrar::class);
+        $url = $this->app->make(UrlGenerator::class);
+
+        $callOrder = [];
+        TerminatingMiddleware::$callback = function ($request) use (&$callOrder) {
+            $callOrder[] = $request->path();
+        };
+
+        $router->get('from', function () use ($url) {
+            return new RedirectResponse($url->to('to'));
+        })->middleware(TerminatingMiddleware::class);
+
+        $router->get('to', function () {
+            return 'OK';
+        })->middleware(TerminatingMiddleware::class);
+
+        $this->followingRedirects()->get('from');
+
+        $this->assertEquals(['from', 'to'], $callOrder);
+    }
 }
 
 class MyMiddleware
@@ -123,3 +168,18 @@ public function handle($request, $next)
         return $next($request.'WithMiddleware');
     }
 }
+
+class TerminatingMiddleware
+{
+    public static $callback;
+
+    public function handle($request, $next)
+    {
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+
+    public function terminate($request, $response)
+    {
+        call_user_func(static::$callback, $request, $response);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Foundation/Testing/WormholeTest.php b/tests/Foundation/Testing/WormholeTest.php
index baf41f059132..e6fbfa13edcf 100644
--- a/tests/Foundation/Testing/WormholeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Foundation/Testing/WormholeTest.php
@@ -2,24 +2,48 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Foundation\Testing;
 
+use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\Wormhole;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Date;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 
 class WormholeTest extends TestCase
 {
     public function testCanTravelBackToPresent()
     {
-        // Preserve the timelines we want to compare the reality with..
+        // Preserve the timelines we want to compare the reality with...
         $present = now();
         $future = now()->addDays(10);
 
-        // Travel in time..
+        // Travel in time...
         (new Wormhole(10))->days();
 
-        // Assert we are now in the future..
+        // Assert we are now in the future...
         $this->assertEquals($future->format('Y-m-d'), now()->format('Y-m-d'));
 
-        // Assert we can go back to the present..
+        // Assert we can go back to the present...
         $this->assertEquals($present->format('Y-m-d'), Wormhole::back()->format('Y-m-d'));
     }
+
+    public function testCarbonImmutableCompatibility()
+    {
+        // Tell the Date Factory to use CarbonImmutable...
+        Date::use(CarbonImmutable::class);
+
+        // Record what time it is in 10 days...
+        $present = now();
+        $future = $present->addDays(10);
+
+        // Travel in time...
+        (new Wormhole(10))->days();
+
+        // Assert that the present time didn't get mutated...
+        $this->assertNotEquals($future->format('Y-m-d'), $present->format('Y-m-d'));
+
+        // Assert the time travel was successful...
+        $this->assertEquals($future->format('Y-m-d'), now()->format('Y-m-d'));
+
+        // Restore the default Date Factory...
+        Date::useDefault();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Http/HttpClientTest.php b/tests/Http/HttpClientTest.php
index 39cf36aadfd6..b407d6fb3f0e 100644
--- a/tests/Http/HttpClientTest.php
+++ b/tests/Http/HttpClientTest.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Http\Client\Request;
 use Illuminate\Http\Client\RequestException;
 use Illuminate\Http\Client\Response;
+use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use OutOfBoundsException;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
@@ -54,6 +55,21 @@ public function testResponseBodyCasting()
         $this->assertSame('bar', $response->object()->result->foo);
     }
 
+    public function testResponseCanBeReturnedAsCollection()
+    {
+        $this->factory->fake([
+            '*' => ['result' => ['foo' => 'bar']],
+        ]);
+
+        $response = $this->factory->get('http://foo.com/api');
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Collection::class, $response->collect());
+        $this->assertEquals(collect(['result' => ['foo' => 'bar']]), $response->collect());
+        $this->assertEquals(collect(['foo' => 'bar']), $response->collect('result'));
+        $this->assertEquals(collect(['bar']), $response->collect('result.foo'));
+        $this->assertEquals(collect(), $response->collect('missing_key'));
+    }
+
     public function testUrlsCanBeStubbedByPath()
     {
         $this->factory->fake([
@@ -610,4 +626,159 @@ public function testSinkWhenStubbedByPath()
 
         $this->assertSame(json_encode(['page' => 'foo']), stream_get_contents($resource));
     }
+
+    public function testCanAssertAgainstOrderOfHttpRequestsWithUrlStrings()
+    {
+        $this->factory->fake();
+
+        $exampleUrls = [
+            'http://example.com/1',
+            'http://example.com/2',
+            'http://example.com/3',
+        ];
+
+        foreach ($exampleUrls as $url) {
+            $this->factory->get($url);
+        }
+
+        $this->factory->assertSentInOrder($exampleUrls);
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertionsSentOutOfOrderThrowAssertionFailed()
+    {
+        $this->factory->fake();
+
+        $exampleUrls = [
+            'http://example.com/1',
+            'http://example.com/2',
+            'http://example.com/3',
+        ];
+
+        $this->factory->get($exampleUrls[0]);
+        $this->factory->get($exampleUrls[2]);
+        $this->factory->get($exampleUrls[1]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\PHPUnit\Framework\AssertionFailedError::class);
+
+        $this->factory->assertSentInOrder($exampleUrls);
+    }
+
+    public function testWrongNumberOfRequestsThrowAssertionFailed()
+    {
+        $this->factory->fake();
+
+        $exampleUrls = [
+            'http://example.com/1',
+            'http://example.com/2',
+            'http://example.com/3',
+        ];
+
+        $this->factory->get($exampleUrls[0]);
+        $this->factory->get($exampleUrls[1]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\PHPUnit\Framework\AssertionFailedError::class);
+
+        $this->factory->assertSentInOrder($exampleUrls);
+    }
+
+    public function testCanAssertAgainstOrderOfHttpRequestsWithCallables()
+    {
+        $this->factory->fake();
+
+        $exampleUrls = [
+            function ($request) {
+                return $request->url() == 'http://example.com/1';
+            },
+            function ($request) {
+                return $request->url() == 'http://example.com/2';
+            },
+            function ($request) {
+                return $request->url() == 'http://example.com/3';
+            },
+        ];
+
+        $this->factory->get('http://example.com/1');
+        $this->factory->get('http://example.com/2');
+        $this->factory->get('http://example.com/3');
+
+        $this->factory->assertSentInOrder($exampleUrls);
+    }
+
+    public function testCanAssertAgainstOrderOfHttpRequestsWithCallablesAndHeaders()
+    {
+        $this->factory->fake();
+
+        $executionOrder = [
+            function (Request $request) {
+                return $request->url() === 'http://foo.com/json' &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-Header', 'foo') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-ArrayHeader', ['bar', 'baz']) &&
+                       $request['name'] === 'Taylor';
+            },
+            function (Request $request) {
+                return $request->url() === 'http://bar.com/json' &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-Header', 'bar') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-ArrayHeader', ['bar', 'baz']) &&
+                       $request['name'] === 'Taylor';
+            },
+        ];
+
+        $this->factory->withHeaders([
+            'X-Test-Header' => 'foo',
+            'X-Test-ArrayHeader' => ['bar', 'baz'],
+        ])->post('http://foo.com/json', [
+            'name' => 'Taylor',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->factory->withHeaders([
+            'X-Test-Header' => 'bar',
+            'X-Test-ArrayHeader' => ['bar', 'baz'],
+        ])->post('http://bar.com/json', [
+            'name' => 'Taylor',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->factory->assertSentInOrder($executionOrder);
+    }
+
+    public function testCanAssertAgainstOrderOfHttpRequestsWithCallablesAndHeadersFailsCorrectly()
+    {
+        $this->factory->fake();
+
+        $executionOrder = [
+            function (Request $request) {
+                return $request->url() === 'http://bar.com/json' &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-Header', 'bar') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-ArrayHeader', ['bar', 'baz']) &&
+                       $request['name'] === 'Taylor';
+            },
+            function (Request $request) {
+                return $request->url() === 'http://foo.com/json' &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-Header', 'foo') &&
+                       $request->hasHeader('X-Test-ArrayHeader', ['bar', 'baz']) &&
+                       $request['name'] === 'Taylor';
+            },
+        ];
+
+        $this->factory->withHeaders([
+            'X-Test-Header' => 'foo',
+            'X-Test-ArrayHeader' => ['bar', 'baz'],
+        ])->post('http://foo.com/json', [
+            'name' => 'Taylor',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->factory->withHeaders([
+            'X-Test-Header' => 'bar',
+            'X-Test-ArrayHeader' => ['bar', 'baz'],
+        ])->post('http://bar.com/json', [
+            'name' => 'Taylor',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->expectException(\PHPUnit\Framework\AssertionFailedError::class);
+
+        $this->factory->assertSentInOrder($executionOrder);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Http/HttpRequestTest.php b/tests/Http/HttpRequestTest.php
index a381c4871192..65272b796302 100644
--- a/tests/Http/HttpRequestTest.php
+++ b/tests/Http/HttpRequestTest.php
@@ -501,8 +501,8 @@ public function testArrayAccess()
             return $route;
         });
 
-        $this->assertFalse(isset($request['non-existant']));
-        $this->assertNull($request['non-existant']);
+        $this->assertFalse(isset($request['non-existent']));
+        $this->assertNull($request['non-existent']);
 
         $this->assertTrue(isset($request['name']));
         $this->assertNull($request['name']);
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Auth/GatePolicyResolutionTest.php b/tests/Integration/Auth/GatePolicyResolutionTest.php
index 9781d59c8a7c..349bd9f89022 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Auth/GatePolicyResolutionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Auth/GatePolicyResolutionTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Auth;
 
+use Illuminate\Auth\Access\Events\GateEvaluated;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;
 use Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Auth\Fixtures\AuthenticationTestUser;
 use Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Auth\Fixtures\Policies\AuthenticationTestUserPolicy;
@@ -12,6 +14,15 @@
  */
 class GatePolicyResolutionTest extends TestCase
 {
+    public function testGateEvaluationEventIsFired()
+    {
+        Event::fake();
+
+        Gate::check('foo');
+
+        Event::assertDispatched(GateEvaluated::class);
+    }
+
     public function testPolicyCanBeGuessedUsingClassConventions()
     {
         $this->assertInstanceOf(
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Cache/RedisCacheLockTest.php b/tests/Integration/Cache/RedisCacheLockTest.php
index fa3a9d0b2069..f9b25bb8cd40 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Cache/RedisCacheLockTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Cache/RedisCacheLockTest.php
@@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ public function testRedisLocksCanBeAcquiredAndReleased()
         Cache::store('redis')->lock('foo')->release();
     }
 
+    public function testRedisLockCanHaveASeparateConnection()
+    {
+        $this->app['config']->set('cache.stores.redis.lock_connection', 'default');
+
+        $this->assertSame('default', Cache::store('redis')->lock('foo')->getConnectionName());
+    }
+
     public function testRedisLocksCanBlockForSeconds()
     {
         Carbon::setTestNow();
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Database/DatabaseArrayObjectAndCollectionCustomCastTest.php b/tests/Integration/Database/DatabaseArrayObjectAndCollectionCustomCastTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7f5b8e30f220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/Database/DatabaseArrayObjectAndCollectionCustomCastTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Database;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsArrayObject;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsCollection;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+/**
+ * @group integration
+ */
+class DatabaseArrayObjectAndCollectionCustomCastTest extends DatabaseTestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        Schema::create('test_eloquent_model_with_custom_array_object_casts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->increments('id');
+            $table->text('array_object');
+            $table->text('collection');
+            $table->timestamps();
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function test_array_object_and_collection_casting()
+    {
+        $model = new TestEloquentModelWithCustomArrayObjectCast;
+
+        $model->array_object = ['name' => 'Taylor'];
+        $model->collection = collect(['name' => 'Taylor']);
+
+        $model->save();
+
+        $model = $model->fresh();
+
+        $this->assertEquals(['name' => 'Taylor'], $model->array_object->toArray());
+        $this->assertEquals(['name' => 'Taylor'], $model->collection->toArray());
+
+        $model->array_object['age'] = 34;
+        $model->array_object['meta']['title'] = 'Developer';
+
+        $model->save();
+
+        $model = $model->fresh();
+
+        $this->assertEquals([
+            'name' => 'Taylor',
+            'age' => 34,
+            'meta' => ['title' => 'Developer'],
+        ], $model->array_object->toArray());
+    }
+}
+
+class TestEloquentModelWithCustomArrayObjectCast extends Model
+{
+    /**
+     * The attributes that aren't mass assignable.
+     *
+     * @var string[]
+     */
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    /**
+     * The attributes that should be cast to native types.
+     *
+     * @var array
+     */
+    protected $casts = [
+        'array_object' => AsArrayObject::class,
+        'collection' => AsCollection::class,
+    ];
+}
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Database/DatabaseLockTest.php b/tests/Integration/Database/DatabaseLockTest.php
index 4957eabca578..5c86e7734db3 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Database/DatabaseLockTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Database/DatabaseLockTest.php
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ protected function setUp(): void
         });
     }
 
+    public function testLockCanHaveASeparateConnection()
+    {
+        $this->app['config']->set('cache.stores.database.lock_connection', 'test');
+        $this->app['config']->set('database.connections.test', $this->app['config']->get('database.connections.mysql'));
+
+        $this->assertSame('test', Cache::driver('database')->lock('foo')->getConnectionName());
+    }
+
     public function testLockCanBeAcquired()
     {
         $lock = Cache::driver('database')->lock('foo');
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentBelongsToManyTest.php b/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentBelongsToManyTest.php
index 5780b61e7020..b66cd3d3f34c 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentBelongsToManyTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentBelongsToManyTest.php
@@ -905,6 +905,28 @@ public function testPivotDoesntHavePrimaryKey()
         $user->postsWithCustomPivot()->updateExistingPivot($post2->uuid, ['is_draft' => 0]);
         $this->assertEquals(0, $user->postsWithCustomPivot()->first()->pivot->is_draft);
     }
+
+    public function testOrderByPivotMethod()
+    {
+        $tag1 = Tag::create(['name' => Str::random()]);
+        $tag2 = Tag::create(['name' => Str::random()]);
+        $tag3 = Tag::create(['name' => Str::random()]);
+        $tag4 = Tag::create(['name' => Str::random()]);
+        $post = Post::create(['title' => Str::random()]);
+
+        DB::table('posts_tags')->insert([
+            ['post_id' => $post->id, 'tag_id' => $tag1->id, 'flag' => 'foo3'],
+            ['post_id' => $post->id, 'tag_id' => $tag2->id, 'flag' => 'foo1'],
+            ['post_id' => $post->id, 'tag_id' => $tag3->id, 'flag' => 'foo4'],
+            ['post_id' => $post->id, 'tag_id' => $tag4->id, 'flag' => 'foo2'],
+        ]);
+
+        $relationTag1 = $post->tagsWithCustomExtraPivot()->orderByPivot('flag', 'asc')->first();
+        $this->assertEquals($relationTag1->getAttributes(), $tag2->getAttributes());
+
+        $relationTag2 = $post->tagsWithCustomExtraPivot()->orderByPivot('flag', 'desc')->first();
+        $this->assertEquals($relationTag2->getAttributes(), $tag3->getAttributes());
+    }
 }
 
 class User extends Model
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentModelEncryptedCastingTest.php b/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentModelEncryptedCastingTest.php
index 6eca8078028c..1554af9c60ed 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentModelEncryptedCastingTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentModelEncryptedCastingTest.php
@@ -98,6 +98,36 @@ public function testJsonIsCastable()
         ]);
     }
 
+    public function testJsonAttributeIsCastable()
+    {
+        $this->encrypter->expects('encrypt')
+            ->with('{"key1":"value1"}', false)
+            ->andReturn('encrypted-secret-json-string');
+        $this->encrypter->expects('decrypt')
+            ->with('encrypted-secret-json-string', false)
+            ->andReturn('{"key1":"value1"}');
+        $this->encrypter->expects('encrypt')
+            ->with('{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}', false)
+            ->andReturn('encrypted-secret-json-string2');
+        $this->encrypter->expects('decrypt')
+            ->with('encrypted-secret-json-string2', false)
+            ->andReturn('{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}');
+
+        $subject = new EncryptedCast([
+            'secret_json' => ['key1' => 'value1'],
+        ]);
+        $subject->fill([
+            'secret_json->key2' => 'value2',
+        ]);
+        $subject->save();
+
+        $this->assertSame(['key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2'], $subject->secret_json);
+        $this->assertDatabaseHas('encrypted_casts', [
+            'id' => $subject->id,
+            'secret_json' => 'encrypted-secret-json-string2',
+        ]);
+    }
+
     public function testObjectIsCastable()
     {
         $object = new \stdClass();
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentWhereTest.php b/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentWhereTest.php
index c7fcc470e6f4..7d46a8e34616 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentWhereTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Database/EloquentWhereTest.php
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Database;
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
+use Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
 /**
@@ -91,6 +94,73 @@ public function testFirstWhere()
             UserWhereTest::firstWhere(['name' => 'wrong-name', 'email' => 'test-email1'], null, null, 'or'))
         );
     }
+
+    public function testSole()
+    {
+        $expected = UserWhereTest::create([
+            'name' => 'test-name',
+            'email' => 'test-email',
+            'address' => 'test-address',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->assertTrue($expected->is(UserWhereTest::where('name', 'test-name')->sole()));
+    }
+
+    public function testSoleFailsForMultipleRecords()
+    {
+        UserWhereTest::create([
+            'name' => 'test-name',
+            'email' => 'test-email',
+            'address' => 'test-address',
+        ]);
+
+        UserWhereTest::create([
+            'name' => 'test-name',
+            'email' => 'other-email',
+            'address' => 'other-address',
+        ]);
+
+        $this->expectException(MultipleRecordsFoundException::class);
+
+        UserWhereTest::where('name', 'test-name')->sole();
+    }
+
+    public function testSoleFailsIfNoRecords()
+    {
+        try {
+            UserWhereTest::where('name', 'test-name')->sole();
+        } catch (ModelNotFoundException $exception) {
+            //
+        }
+
+        $this->assertSame(UserWhereTest::class, $exception->getModel());
+    }
+
+    public function testChunkMap()
+    {
+        UserWhereTest::create([
+            'name' => 'first-name',
+            'email' => 'first-email',
+            'address' => 'first-address',
+        ]);
+
+        UserWhereTest::create([
+            'name' => 'second-name',
+            'email' => 'second-email',
+            'address' => 'second-address',
+        ]);
+
+        DB::enableQueryLog();
+
+        $results = UserWhereTest::orderBy('id')->chunkMap(function ($user) {
+            return $user->name;
+        }, 1);
+
+        $this->assertCount(2, $results);
+        $this->assertSame('first-name', $results[0]);
+        $this->assertSame('second-name', $results[1]);
+        $this->assertCount(3, DB::getQueryLog());
+    }
 }
 
 class UserWhereTest extends Model
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Database/QueryBuilderTest.php b/tests/Integration/Database/QueryBuilderTest.php
index f01d91c6ee89..d9257dc6f309 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Database/QueryBuilderTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Database/QueryBuilderTest.php
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Database;
 
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
+use Illuminate\Database\MultipleRecordsFoundException;
+use Illuminate\Database\RecordsNotFoundException;
 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
@@ -30,6 +32,31 @@ protected function setUp(): void
         ]);
     }
 
+    public function testSole()
+    {
+        $expected = ['id' => '1', 'title' => 'Foo Post'];
+
+        $this->assertSame($expected, (array) DB::table('posts')->where('title', 'Foo Post')->select('id', 'title')->sole());
+    }
+
+    public function testSoleFailsForMultipleRecords()
+    {
+        DB::table('posts')->insert([
+            ['title' => 'Foo Post', 'content' => 'Lorem Ipsum.', 'created_at' => new Carbon('2017-11-12 13:14:15')],
+        ]);
+
+        $this->expectException(MultipleRecordsFoundException::class);
+
+        DB::table('posts')->where('title', 'Foo Post')->sole();
+    }
+
+    public function testSoleFailsIfNoRecords()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(RecordsNotFoundException::class);
+
+        DB::table('posts')->where('title', 'Baz Post')->sole();
+    }
+
     public function testSelect()
     {
         $expected = ['id' => '1', 'title' => 'Foo Post'];
@@ -186,4 +213,18 @@ public function testPaginateWithSpecificColumns()
             (object) ['title' => 'Bar Post', 'content' => 'Lorem Ipsum.'],
         ]);
     }
+
+    public function testChunkMap()
+    {
+        DB::enableQueryLog();
+
+        $results = DB::table('posts')->orderBy('id')->chunkMap(function ($post) {
+            return $post->title;
+        }, 1);
+
+        $this->assertCount(2, $results);
+        $this->assertSame('Foo Post', $results[0]);
+        $this->assertSame('Bar Post', $results[1]);
+        $this->assertCount(3, DB::getQueryLog());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Events/ListenerTest.php b/tests/Integration/Events/ListenerTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c6bf254c7ada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/Events/ListenerTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Events;
+
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
+use Mockery as m;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase;
+
+class ListenerTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        ListenerTestListener::$ran = false;
+        ListenerTestListenerAfterCommit::$ran = false;
+
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testClassListenerRunsNormallyIfNoTransactions()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton('db.transactions', function () {
+            $transactionManager = m::mock(DatabaseTransactionsManager::class);
+            $transactionManager->shouldNotReceive('addCallback')->once()->andReturn(null);
+
+            return $transactionManager;
+        });
+
+        Event::listen(ListenerTestEvent::class, ListenerTestListener::class);
+
+        Event::dispatch(new ListenerTestEvent);
+
+        $this->assertTrue(ListenerTestListener::$ran);
+    }
+
+    public function testClassListenerDoesntRunInsideTransaction()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton('db.transactions', function () {
+            $transactionManager = m::mock(DatabaseTransactionsManager::class);
+            $transactionManager->shouldReceive('addCallback')->once()->andReturn(null);
+
+            return $transactionManager;
+        });
+
+        Event::listen(ListenerTestEvent::class, ListenerTestListenerAfterCommit::class);
+
+        Event::dispatch(new ListenerTestEvent);
+
+        $this->assertFalse(ListenerTestListenerAfterCommit::$ran);
+    }
+}
+
+class ListenerTestEvent
+{
+    //
+}
+
+class ListenerTestListener
+{
+    public static $ran = false;
+
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        static::$ran = true;
+    }
+}
+
+class ListenerTestListenerAfterCommit
+{
+    public static $ran = false;
+
+    public $afterCommit = true;
+
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        static::$ran = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Foundation/MaintenanceModeTest.php b/tests/Integration/Foundation/MaintenanceModeTest.php
index 31f08df44da9..ff93fe41a492 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Foundation/MaintenanceModeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Foundation/MaintenanceModeTest.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  */
 class MaintenanceModeTest extends TestCase
 {
-    public function tearDown(): void
+    protected function tearDown(): void
     {
         @unlink(storage_path('framework/down'));
     }
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Notifications/SendingMailNotificationsTest.php b/tests/Integration/Notifications/SendingMailNotificationsTest.php
index cd46217c373a..0f5d595e859c 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Notifications/SendingMailNotificationsTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Notifications/SendingMailNotificationsTest.php
@@ -203,12 +203,12 @@ public function testMailIsSentWithSubject()
         $user->notify($notification);
     }
 
-    public function testMailIsSentToMultipleAdresses()
+    public function testMailIsSentToMultipleAddresses()
     {
         $notification = new TestMailNotificationWithSubject;
         $notification->id = Str::uuid()->toString();
 
-        $user = NotifiableUserWithMultipleAddreses::forceCreate([
+        $user = NotifiableUserWithMultipleAddresses::forceCreate([
             'email' => 'taylor@laravel.com',
         ]);
 
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ public function routeNotificationForMail($notification)
     }
 }
 
-class NotifiableUserWithMultipleAddreses extends NotifiableUser
+class NotifiableUserWithMultipleAddresses extends NotifiableUser
 {
     public function routeNotificationForMail($notification)
     {
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Queue/CustomPayloadTest.php b/tests/Integration/Queue/CustomPayloadTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3d1088b52c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/Queue/CustomPayloadTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Queue;
+
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Bus\QueueingDispatcher;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase;
+use Illuminate\Queue\Queue;
+use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\Concerns\CreatesApplication;
+
+class CustomPayloadTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use CreatesApplication;
+
+    protected function getPackageProviders($app)
+    {
+        return [QueueServiceProvider::class];
+    }
+
+    public function websites()
+    {
+        yield ['laravel.com'];
+
+        yield ['blog.laravel.com'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider websites
+     */
+    public function test_custom_payload_gets_cleared_for_each_data_provider(string $websites)
+    {
+        $dispatcher = $this->app->make(QueueingDispatcher::class);
+
+        $dispatcher->dispatchToQueue(new MyJob);
+    }
+}
+
+class QueueServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
+{
+    public function register()
+    {
+        $this->app->bind('one.time.password', function () {
+            return random_int(1, 10);
+        });
+
+        Queue::createPayloadUsing(function () {
+            $password = $this->app->make('one.time.password');
+
+            $this->app->offsetUnset('one.time.password');
+
+            return ['password' => $password];
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+class MyJob implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    public $connection = 'sync';
+
+    public function handle()
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Queue/JobEncryptionTest.php b/tests/Integration/Queue/JobEncryptionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ebe64a385a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/Queue/JobEncryptionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Queue;
+
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeEncrypted;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Bus;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Database\DatabaseTestCase;
+use Mockery as m;
+
+/**
+ * @group integration
+ */
+class JobEncryptionTest extends DatabaseTestCase
+{
+    protected function getEnvironmentSetUp($app)
+    {
+        parent::getEnvironmentSetUp($app);
+
+        $app['config']->set('app.key', Str::random(32));
+        $app['config']->set('app.debug', 'true');
+        $app['config']->set('queue.default', 'database');
+    }
+
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        Schema::create('jobs', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->bigIncrements('id');
+            $table->string('queue')->index();
+            $table->longText('payload');
+            $table->unsignedTinyInteger('attempts');
+            $table->unsignedInteger('reserved_at')->nullable();
+            $table->unsignedInteger('available_at');
+            $table->unsignedInteger('created_at');
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        JobEncryptionTestEncryptedJob::$ran = false;
+        JobEncryptionTestNonEncryptedJob::$ran = false;
+
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testEncryptedJobPayloadIsStoredEncrypted()
+    {
+        Bus::dispatch(new JobEncryptionTestEncryptedJob);
+
+        $this->assertNotEmpty(
+            decrypt(json_decode(DB::table('jobs')->first()->payload)->data->command)
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function testNonEncryptedJobPayloadIsStoredRaw()
+    {
+        Bus::dispatch(new JobEncryptionTestNonEncryptedJob);
+
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('The payload is invalid');
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(JobEncryptionTestNonEncryptedJob::class,
+            unserialize(json_decode(DB::table('jobs')->first()->payload)->data->command)
+        );
+
+        decrypt(json_decode(DB::table('jobs')->first()->payload)->data->command);
+    }
+
+    public function testQueueCanProcessEncryptedJob()
+    {
+        Bus::dispatch(new JobEncryptionTestEncryptedJob);
+
+        Queue::pop()->fire();
+
+        $this->assertTrue(JobEncryptionTestEncryptedJob::$ran);
+    }
+
+    public function testQueueCanProcessUnEncryptedJob()
+    {
+        Bus::dispatch(new JobEncryptionTestNonEncryptedJob);
+
+        Queue::pop()->fire();
+
+        $this->assertTrue(JobEncryptionTestNonEncryptedJob::$ran);
+    }
+}
+
+class JobEncryptionTestEncryptedJob implements ShouldQueue, ShouldBeEncrypted
+{
+    use Dispatchable, Queueable;
+
+    public static $ran = false;
+
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        static::$ran = true;
+    }
+}
+
+class JobEncryptionTestNonEncryptedJob implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Dispatchable, Queueable;
+
+    public static $ran = false;
+
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        static::$ran = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Queue/QueueConnectionTest.php b/tests/Integration/Queue/QueueConnectionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9824e22d077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/Queue/QueueConnectionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Queue;
+
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Database\DatabaseTransactionsManager;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Bus;
+use Mockery as m;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * @group integration
+ */
+class QueueConnectionTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function getEnvironmentSetUp($app)
+    {
+        $app['config']->set('app.debug', 'true');
+        $app['config']->set('queue.default', 'sqs');
+        $app['config']->set('queue.connections.sqs.after_commit', true);
+    }
+
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        QueueConnectionTestJob::$ran = false;
+
+        m::close();
+    }
+
+    public function testJobWontGetDispatchedInsideATransaction()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton('db.transactions', function () {
+            $transactionManager = m::mock(DatabaseTransactionsManager::class);
+            $transactionManager->shouldReceive('addCallback')->once()->andReturn(null);
+
+            return $transactionManager;
+        });
+
+        Bus::dispatch(new QueueConnectionTestJob);
+    }
+
+    public function testJobWillGetDispatchedInsideATransactionWhenExplicitlyIndicated()
+    {
+        $this->app->singleton('db.transactions', function () {
+            $transactionManager = m::mock(DatabaseTransactionsManager::class);
+            $transactionManager->shouldNotReceive('addCallback')->andReturn(null);
+
+            return $transactionManager;
+        });
+
+        try {
+            Bus::dispatch((new QueueConnectionTestJob)->beforeCommit());
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            // This job was dispatched
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testJobWontGetDispatchedInsideATransactionWhenExplicitlyIndicated()
+    {
+        $this->app['config']->set('queue.connections.sqs.after_commit', false);
+
+        $this->app->singleton('db.transactions', function () {
+            $transactionManager = m::mock(DatabaseTransactionsManager::class);
+            $transactionManager->shouldReceive('addCallback')->once()->andReturn(null);
+
+            return $transactionManager;
+        });
+
+        try {
+            Bus::dispatch((new QueueConnectionTestJob)->afterCommit());
+        } catch (SqsException $e) {
+            // This job was dispatched
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class QueueConnectionTestJob implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Dispatchable, Queueable;
+
+    public static $ran = false;
+
+    public function handle()
+    {
+        static::$ran = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedTest.php b/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedTest.php
index d73dd58a2c29..c3a74027cc7e 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedTest.php
@@ -80,6 +80,22 @@ public function testJobsCanHaveConditionalRateLimits()
         $this->assertJobWasReleased(NonAdminTestJob::class);
     }
 
+    public function testMiddlewareSerialization()
+    {
+        $rateLimited = new RateLimited('limiterName');
+        $rateLimited->shouldRelease = false;
+
+        $restoredRateLimited = unserialize(serialize($rateLimited));
+
+        $fetch = (function (string $name) {
+            return $this->{$name};
+        })->bindTo($restoredRateLimited, RateLimited::class);
+
+        $this->assertFalse($restoredRateLimited->shouldRelease);
+        $this->assertEquals('limiterName', $fetch('limiterName'));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(RateLimiter::class, $fetch('limiter'));
+    }
+
     protected function assertJobRanSuccessfully($class)
     {
         $class::$handled = false;
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedWithRedisTest.php b/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedWithRedisTest.php
index 175f531bbfa0..f08f3146a108 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedWithRedisTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Queue/RateLimitedWithRedisTest.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiter;
 use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Job;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\Factory as Redis;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\Concerns\InteractsWithRedis;
 use Illuminate\Queue\CallQueuedHandler;
 use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
@@ -111,6 +112,23 @@ public function testJobsCanHaveConditionalRateLimits()
         $this->assertJobWasReleased($nonAdminJob);
     }
 
+    public function testMiddlewareSerialization()
+    {
+        $rateLimited = new RateLimitedWithRedis('limiterName');
+        $rateLimited->shouldRelease = false;
+
+        $restoredRateLimited = unserialize(serialize($rateLimited));
+
+        $fetch = (function (string $name) {
+            return $this->{$name};
+        })->bindTo($restoredRateLimited, RateLimitedWithRedis::class);
+
+        $this->assertFalse($restoredRateLimited->shouldRelease);
+        $this->assertEquals('limiterName', $fetch('limiterName'));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(RateLimiter::class, $fetch('limiter'));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Redis::class, $fetch('redis'));
+    }
+
     protected function assertJobRanSuccessfully($testJob)
     {
         $testJob::$handled = false;
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Routing/CompiledRouteCollectionTest.php b/tests/Integration/Routing/CompiledRouteCollectionTest.php
index 22928a4c1f4f..e474e8a461c4 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Routing/CompiledRouteCollectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Routing/CompiledRouteCollectionTest.php
@@ -490,6 +490,59 @@ public function testTrailingSlashIsTrimmedWhenMatchingCachedRoutes()
         $this->assertSame('foo', $this->collection()->match($request)->getName());
     }
 
+    public function testRouteWithSamePathAndSameMethodButDiffDomainNameWithOptionsMethod()
+    {
+        $routes = [
+            'foo_domain' => $this->newRoute('GET', 'same/path', [
+                'uses' => 'FooController@index',
+                'as' => 'foo',
+                'domain' => 'foo.localhost',
+            ]),
+            'bar_domain' => $this->newRoute('GET', 'same/path', [
+                'uses' => 'BarController@index',
+                'as' => 'bar',
+                'domain' => 'bar.localhost',
+            ]),
+            'no_domain' => $this->newRoute('GET', 'same/path', [
+                'uses' => 'BarController@index',
+                'as' => 'no_domain',
+            ]),
+        ];
+
+        $this->routeCollection->add($routes['foo_domain']);
+        $this->routeCollection->add($routes['bar_domain']);
+        $this->routeCollection->add($routes['no_domain']);
+
+        $expectedMethods = [
+            'OPTIONS',
+        ];
+
+        $this->assertSame($expectedMethods, $this->collection()->match(
+            Request::create('http://foo.localhost/same/path', 'OPTIONS')
+        )->methods);
+
+        $this->assertSame($expectedMethods, $this->collection()->match(
+            Request::create('http://bar.localhost/same/path', 'OPTIONS')
+        )->methods);
+
+        $this->assertSame($expectedMethods, $this->collection()->match(
+            Request::create('http://no.localhost/same/path', 'OPTIONS')
+        )->methods);
+
+        $this->assertEquals([
+            'HEAD' => [
+                'foo.localhost/same/path' => $routes['foo_domain'],
+                'bar.localhost/same/path' => $routes['bar_domain'],
+                'same/path' => $routes['no_domain'],
+            ],
+            'GET' => [
+                'foo.localhost/same/path' => $routes['foo_domain'],
+                'bar.localhost/same/path' => $routes['bar_domain'],
+                'same/path' => $routes['no_domain'],
+            ],
+        ], $this->collection()->getRoutesByMethod());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create a new Route object.
      *
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Routing/ImplicitRouteBindingTest.php b/tests/Integration/Routing/ImplicitRouteBindingTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..233b8285b688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/Routing/ImplicitRouteBindingTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Routing;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\Concerns\InteractsWithPublishedFiles;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase;
+
+class ImplicitRouteBindingTest extends TestCase
+{
+    use InteractsWithPublishedFiles;
+
+    protected $files = [
+        'routes/testbench.php',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Teardown the test environment.
+     */
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        $this->tearDownInteractsWithPublishedFiles();
+
+        parent::tearDown();
+    }
+
+    protected function defineEnvironment($app)
+    {
+        $app['config']->set('app.debug', 'true');
+
+        $app['config']->set('database.default', 'testbench');
+
+        $app['config']->set('database.connections.testbench', [
+            'driver' => 'sqlite',
+            'database' => ':memory:',
+            'prefix' => '',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    protected function defineDatabaseMigrations(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->increments('id');
+            $table->string('name');
+            $table->timestamps();
+        });
+
+        $this->beforeApplicationDestroyed(function () {
+            Schema::dropIfExists('users');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function testWithRouteCachingEnabled()
+    {
+        $this->defineCacheRoutes(<<<PHP
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Routing\ImplicitBindingModel;
+
+Route::post('/user/{user}', function (ImplicitBindingModel \$user) {
+    return \$user;
+})->middleware('web');
+PHP);
+
+        $user = ImplicitBindingModel::create(['name' => 'Dries']);
+
+        $response = $this->postJson("/user/{$user->id}");
+
+        $response->assertJson([
+            'id' => $user->id,
+            'name' => $user->name,
+        ]);
+    }
+}
+
+class ImplicitBindingModel extends Model
+{
+    public $table = 'users';
+
+    protected $fillable = ['name'];
+}
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/BladeTest.php b/tests/Integration/View/BladeTest.php
index a26460ba90ec..b3d57f8f7776 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/View/BladeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/BladeTest.php
@@ -42,12 +42,18 @@ public function test_rendering_the_same_dynamic_component_with_different_attribu
         $this->assertSame('<span class="text-medium">
     Hello Taylor
 </span>
-  
- <span >
+<span >
     Hello Samuel
 </span>', trim($view));
     }
 
+    public function test_inline_link_type_attributes_dont_add_extra_spacing_at_end()
+    {
+        $view = View::make('uses-link')->render();
+
+        $this->assertSame('This is a sentence with a <a href="https://laravel.com">link</a>.', trim($view));
+    }
+
     public function test_appendable_attributes()
     {
         $view = View::make('uses-appendable-panel', ['name' => 'Taylor', 'withInjectedValue' => true])->render();
@@ -63,6 +69,13 @@ public function test_appendable_attributes()
 </div>', trim($view));
     }
 
+    public function tested_nested_anonymous_attribute_proxying_works_correctly()
+    {
+        $view = View::make('uses-child-input')->render();
+
+        $this->assertSame('<input class="disabled-class" foo="bar" type="text" disabled />', trim($view));
+    }
+
     protected function getEnvironmentSetUp($app)
     {
         $app['config']->set('view.paths', [__DIR__.'/templates']);
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/RenderableViewExceptionTest.php b/tests/Integration/View/RenderableViewExceptionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..93c91cb31387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/RenderableViewExceptionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Integration\View;
+
+use Exception;
+use Illuminate\Http\Response;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase;
+
+class RenderableViewExceptionTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testRenderMethodOfExceptionThrownInViewGetsHandled()
+    {
+        Route::get('/', function () {
+            return View::make('renderable-exception');
+        });
+
+        $response = $this->get('/');
+
+        $response->assertSee('This is a renderable exception.');
+    }
+
+    protected function getEnvironmentSetUp($app)
+    {
+        $app['config']->set('view.paths', [__DIR__.'/templates']);
+    }
+}
+
+class RenderableException extends Exception
+{
+    public function render($request)
+    {
+        return new Response('This is a renderable exception.');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/base-input.blade.php b/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/base-input.blade.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4d8f09367c55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/base-input.blade.php
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+@props(['disabled' => false])
+
+@php
+if ($disabled) {
+    $class = 'disabled-class';
+} else {
+    $class = 'not-disabled-class';
+}
+@endphp
+
+<input {{ $attributes->merge(['class' => $class]) }} {{ $disabled ? 'disabled' : '' }} />
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/child-input.blade.php b/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/child-input.blade.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..711e20d4e613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/child-input.blade.php
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<x-base-input foo="bar" :attributes="$attributes" />
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/link.blade.php b/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/link.blade.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..74b8835393b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/templates/components/link.blade.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@props(['href'])
+
+<a href="{{ $href }}">{{ $slot }}</a>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/templates/renderable-exception.blade.php b/tests/Integration/View/templates/renderable-exception.blade.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..28649eefa7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/templates/renderable-exception.blade.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@php
+    throw new Illuminate\Tests\Integration\View\RenderableException;
+@endphp
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/templates/uses-child-input.blade.php b/tests/Integration/View/templates/uses-child-input.blade.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bc5bdade5d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/templates/uses-child-input.blade.php
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<x-child-input type="text" :disabled="true" />
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Integration/View/templates/uses-link.blade.php b/tests/Integration/View/templates/uses-link.blade.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..53a67cf64e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Integration/View/templates/uses-link.blade.php
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This is a sentence with a <x-link href="https://laravel.com">link</x-link>.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Log/LogManagerTest.php b/tests/Log/LogManagerTest.php
index f365c9f701c0..65cd162d76ad 100755
--- a/tests/Log/LogManagerTest.php
+++ b/tests/Log/LogManagerTest.php
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ public function testLogManagerCreateSyslogDriverWithConfiguredFormatter()
         $this->assertSame('Y/m/d--test', $dateFormat->getValue($formatter));
     }
 
-    public function testLogMnagerPurgeResolvedChannels()
+    public function testLogManagerPurgeResolvedChannels()
     {
         $manager = new LogManager($this->app);
 
diff --git a/tests/Mail/MailableQueuedTest.php b/tests/Mail/MailableQueuedTest.php
index 99854f82ce81..47b93429e62e 100644
--- a/tests/Mail/MailableQueuedTest.php
+++ b/tests/Mail/MailableQueuedTest.php
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public function testQueuedMailableSent()
             ->onlyMethods(['createMessage', 'to'])
             ->getMock();
         $mailer->setQueue($queueFake);
-        $mailable = new MailableQueableStub;
+        $mailable = new MailableQueueableStub;
         $queueFake->assertNothingPushed();
         $mailer->send($mailable);
         $queueFake->assertPushedOn(null, SendQueuedMailable::class);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public function testQueuedMailableWithAttachmentSent()
             ->onlyMethods(['createMessage'])
             ->getMock();
         $mailer->setQueue($queueFake);
-        $mailable = new MailableQueableStub;
+        $mailable = new MailableQueueableStub;
         $attachmentOption = ['mime' => 'image/jpeg', 'as' => 'bar.jpg'];
         $mailable->attach('foo.jpg', $attachmentOption);
         $this->assertIsArray($mailable->attachments);
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ public function testQueuedMailableWithAttachmentFromDiskSent()
             ->onlyMethods(['createMessage'])
             ->getMock();
         $mailer->setQueue($queueFake);
-        $mailable = new MailableQueableStub;
+        $mailable = new MailableQueueableStub;
         $attachmentOption = ['mime' => 'image/jpeg', 'as' => 'bar.jpg'];
 
         $mailable->attachFromStorage('/', 'foo.jpg', $attachmentOption);
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ protected function getMocks()
     }
 }
 
-class MailableQueableStub extends Mailable implements ShouldQueue
+class MailableQueueableStub extends Mailable implements ShouldQueue
 {
     use Queueable;
 
diff --git a/tests/Queue/QueueBeanstalkdQueueTest.php b/tests/Queue/QueueBeanstalkdQueueTest.php
index 7134917a2369..534a16141381 100755
--- a/tests/Queue/QueueBeanstalkdQueueTest.php
+++ b/tests/Queue/QueueBeanstalkdQueueTest.php
@@ -13,6 +13,16 @@
 
 class QueueBeanstalkdQueueTest extends TestCase
 {
+    /**
+     * @var BeanstalkdQueue
+     */
+    private $queue;
+
+    /**
+     * @var Container|m\LegacyMockInterface|m\MockInterface
+     */
+    private $container;
+
     protected function tearDown(): void
     {
         m::close();
@@ -26,14 +36,16 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoBeanstalkd()
             return $uuid;
         });
 
-        $queue = new BeanstalkdQueue(m::mock(Pheanstalk::class), 'default', 60);
-        $pheanstalk = $queue->getPheanstalk();
+        $this->setQueue('default', 60);
+        $pheanstalk = $this->queue->getPheanstalk();
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('useTube')->once()->with('stack')->andReturn($pheanstalk);
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('useTube')->once()->with('default')->andReturn($pheanstalk);
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('put')->twice()->with(json_encode(['uuid' => $uuid, 'displayName' => 'foo', 'job' => 'foo', 'maxTries' => null, 'maxExceptions' => null, 'backoff' => null, 'timeout' => null, 'data' => ['data']]), 1024, 0, 60);
 
-        $queue->push('foo', ['data'], 'stack');
-        $queue->push('foo', ['data']);
+        $this->queue->push('foo', ['data'], 'stack');
+        $this->queue->push('foo', ['data']);
+
+        $this->container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->times(2);
 
         Str::createUuidsNormally();
     }
@@ -46,53 +58,68 @@ public function testDelayedPushProperlyPushesJobOntoBeanstalkd()
             return $uuid;
         });
 
-        $queue = new BeanstalkdQueue(m::mock(Pheanstalk::class), 'default', 60);
-        $pheanstalk = $queue->getPheanstalk();
+        $this->setQueue('default', 60);
+        $pheanstalk = $this->queue->getPheanstalk();
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('useTube')->once()->with('stack')->andReturn($pheanstalk);
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('useTube')->once()->with('default')->andReturn($pheanstalk);
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('put')->twice()->with(json_encode(['uuid' => $uuid, 'displayName' => 'foo', 'job' => 'foo', 'maxTries' => null, 'maxExceptions' => null, 'backoff' => null, 'timeout' => null, 'data' => ['data']]), Pheanstalk::DEFAULT_PRIORITY, 5, Pheanstalk::DEFAULT_TTR);
 
-        $queue->later(5, 'foo', ['data'], 'stack');
-        $queue->later(5, 'foo', ['data']);
+        $this->queue->later(5, 'foo', ['data'], 'stack');
+        $this->queue->later(5, 'foo', ['data']);
+
+        $this->container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->times(2);
 
         Str::createUuidsNormally();
     }
 
     public function testPopProperlyPopsJobOffOfBeanstalkd()
     {
-        $queue = new BeanstalkdQueue(m::mock(Pheanstalk::class), 'default', 60);
-        $queue->setContainer(m::mock(Container::class));
-        $pheanstalk = $queue->getPheanstalk();
+        $this->setQueue('default', 60);
+
+        $pheanstalk = $this->queue->getPheanstalk();
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('watchOnly')->once()->with('default')->andReturn($pheanstalk);
         $job = m::mock(Job::class);
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('reserveWithTimeout')->once()->with(0)->andReturn($job);
 
-        $result = $queue->pop();
+        $result = $this->queue->pop();
 
         $this->assertInstanceOf(BeanstalkdJob::class, $result);
     }
 
     public function testBlockingPopProperlyPopsJobOffOfBeanstalkd()
     {
-        $queue = new BeanstalkdQueue(m::mock(Pheanstalk::class), 'default', 60, 60);
-        $queue->setContainer(m::mock(Container::class));
-        $pheanstalk = $queue->getPheanstalk();
+        $this->setQueue('default', 60, 60);
+
+        $pheanstalk = $this->queue->getPheanstalk();
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('watchOnly')->once()->with('default')->andReturn($pheanstalk);
         $job = m::mock(Job::class);
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('reserveWithTimeout')->once()->with(60)->andReturn($job);
 
-        $result = $queue->pop();
+        $result = $this->queue->pop();
 
         $this->assertInstanceOf(BeanstalkdJob::class, $result);
     }
 
     public function testDeleteProperlyRemoveJobsOffBeanstalkd()
     {
-        $queue = new BeanstalkdQueue(m::mock(Pheanstalk::class), 'default', 60);
-        $pheanstalk = $queue->getPheanstalk();
+        $this->setQueue('default', 60);
+
+        $pheanstalk = $this->queue->getPheanstalk();
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('useTube')->once()->with('default')->andReturn($pheanstalk);
         $pheanstalk->shouldReceive('delete')->once()->with(m::type(Job::class));
 
-        $queue->deleteMessage('default', 1);
+        $this->queue->deleteMessage('default', 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param string $default
+     * @param int $timeToRun
+     * @param int $blockFor
+     */
+    private function setQueue($default, $timeToRun, $blockFor = 0)
+    {
+        $this->queue = new BeanstalkdQueue(m::mock(Pheanstalk::class), $default, $timeToRun, $blockFor);
+        $this->container = m::spy(Container::class);
+        $this->queue->setContainer($this->container);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Queue/QueueDatabaseQueueUnitTest.php b/tests/Queue/QueueDatabaseQueueUnitTest.php
index 6fa35eca5708..c87dc754545b 100644
--- a/tests/Queue/QueueDatabaseQueueUnitTest.php
+++ b/tests/Queue/QueueDatabaseQueueUnitTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Queue;
 
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
 use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
 use Illuminate\Queue\DatabaseQueue;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Queue;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoDatabase()
 
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(DatabaseQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['currentTime'])->setConstructorArgs([$database = m::mock(Connection::class), 'table', 'default'])->getMock();
         $queue->expects($this->any())->method('currentTime')->willReturn('time');
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $database->shouldReceive('table')->with('table')->andReturn($query = m::mock(stdClass::class));
         $query->shouldReceive('insertGetId')->once()->andReturnUsing(function ($array) use ($uuid) {
             $this->assertSame('default', $array['queue']);
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoDatabase()
 
         $queue->push('foo', ['data']);
 
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
+
         Str::createUuidsNormally();
     }
 
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ public function testDelayedPushProperlyPushesJobOntoDatabase()
             [$database = m::mock(Connection::class), 'table', 'default']
         )->getMock();
         $queue->expects($this->any())->method('currentTime')->willReturn('time');
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $database->shouldReceive('table')->with('table')->andReturn($query = m::mock(stdClass::class));
         $query->shouldReceive('insertGetId')->once()->andReturnUsing(function ($array) use ($uuid) {
             $this->assertSame('default', $array['queue']);
@@ -67,6 +72,8 @@ public function testDelayedPushProperlyPushesJobOntoDatabase()
 
         $queue->later(10, 'foo', ['data']);
 
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
+
         Str::createUuidsNormally();
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/Queue/QueueRedisQueueTest.php b/tests/Queue/QueueRedisQueueTest.php
index 2060772d78a8..952384b7f200 100644
--- a/tests/Queue/QueueRedisQueueTest.php
+++ b/tests/Queue/QueueRedisQueueTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Queue;
 
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\Factory;
 use Illuminate\Queue\LuaScripts;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Queue;
@@ -28,11 +29,13 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoRedis()
 
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(RedisQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['getRandomId'])->setConstructorArgs([$redis = m::mock(Factory::class), 'default'])->getMock();
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getRandomId')->willReturn('foo');
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $redis->shouldReceive('connection')->once()->andReturn($redis);
         $redis->shouldReceive('eval')->once()->with(LuaScripts::push(), 2, 'queues:default', 'queues:default:notify', json_encode(['uuid' => $uuid, 'displayName' => 'foo', 'job' => 'foo', 'maxTries' => null, 'maxExceptions' => null, 'backoff' => null, 'timeout' => null, 'data' => ['data'], 'id' => 'foo', 'attempts' => 0]));
 
         $id = $queue->push('foo', ['data']);
         $this->assertSame('foo', $id);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
 
         Str::createUuidsNormally();
     }
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoRedisWithCustomPayloadHook()
 
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(RedisQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['getRandomId'])->setConstructorArgs([$redis = m::mock(Factory::class), 'default'])->getMock();
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getRandomId')->willReturn('foo');
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $redis->shouldReceive('connection')->once()->andReturn($redis);
         $redis->shouldReceive('eval')->once()->with(LuaScripts::push(), 2, 'queues:default', 'queues:default:notify', json_encode(['uuid' => $uuid, 'displayName' => 'foo', 'job' => 'foo', 'maxTries' => null, 'maxExceptions' => null, 'backoff' => null, 'timeout' => null, 'data' => ['data'], 'custom' => 'taylor', 'id' => 'foo', 'attempts' => 0]));
 
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoRedisWithCustomPayloadHook()
 
         $id = $queue->push('foo', ['data']);
         $this->assertSame('foo', $id);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
 
         Queue::createPayloadUsing(null);
 
@@ -72,6 +77,7 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoRedisWithTwoCustomPayloadHook()
 
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(RedisQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['getRandomId'])->setConstructorArgs([$redis = m::mock(Factory::class), 'default'])->getMock();
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getRandomId')->willReturn('foo');
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $redis->shouldReceive('connection')->once()->andReturn($redis);
         $redis->shouldReceive('eval')->once()->with(LuaScripts::push(), 2, 'queues:default', 'queues:default:notify', json_encode(['uuid' => $uuid, 'displayName' => 'foo', 'job' => 'foo', 'maxTries' => null, 'maxExceptions' => null, 'backoff' => null, 'timeout' => null, 'data' => ['data'], 'custom' => 'taylor', 'bar' => 'foo', 'id' => 'foo', 'attempts' => 0]));
 
@@ -85,6 +91,7 @@ public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoRedisWithTwoCustomPayloadHook()
 
         $id = $queue->push('foo', ['data']);
         $this->assertSame('foo', $id);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
 
         Queue::createPayloadUsing(null);
 
@@ -100,6 +107,7 @@ public function testDelayedPushProperlyPushesJobOntoRedis()
         });
 
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(RedisQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['availableAt', 'getRandomId'])->setConstructorArgs([$redis = m::mock(Factory::class), 'default'])->getMock();
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getRandomId')->willReturn('foo');
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('availableAt')->with(1)->willReturn(2);
 
@@ -112,6 +120,7 @@ public function testDelayedPushProperlyPushesJobOntoRedis()
 
         $id = $queue->later(1, 'foo', ['data']);
         $this->assertSame('foo', $id);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
 
         Str::createUuidsNormally();
     }
@@ -126,6 +135,7 @@ public function testDelayedPushWithDateTimeProperlyPushesJobOntoRedis()
 
         $date = Carbon::now();
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(RedisQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['availableAt', 'getRandomId'])->setConstructorArgs([$redis = m::mock(Factory::class), 'default'])->getMock();
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getRandomId')->willReturn('foo');
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('availableAt')->with($date)->willReturn(2);
 
@@ -137,6 +147,7 @@ public function testDelayedPushWithDateTimeProperlyPushesJobOntoRedis()
         );
 
         $queue->later($date, 'foo', ['data']);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
 
         Str::createUuidsNormally();
     }
diff --git a/tests/Queue/QueueSqsQueueTest.php b/tests/Queue/QueueSqsQueueTest.php
index 789084515b0d..60e02b161ebb 100755
--- a/tests/Queue/QueueSqsQueueTest.php
+++ b/tests/Queue/QueueSqsQueueTest.php
@@ -92,33 +92,39 @@ public function testDelayedPushWithDateTimeProperlyPushesJobOntoSqs()
     {
         $now = Carbon::now();
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(SqsQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['createPayload', 'secondsUntil', 'getQueue'])->setConstructorArgs([$this->sqs, $this->queueName, $this->account])->getMock();
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('createPayload')->with($this->mockedJob, $this->queueName, $this->mockedData)->willReturn($this->mockedPayload);
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('secondsUntil')->with($now)->willReturn(5);
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getQueue')->with($this->queueName)->willReturn($this->queueUrl);
         $this->sqs->shouldReceive('sendMessage')->once()->with(['QueueUrl' => $this->queueUrl, 'MessageBody' => $this->mockedPayload, 'DelaySeconds' => 5])->andReturn($this->mockedSendMessageResponseModel);
         $id = $queue->later($now->addSeconds(5), $this->mockedJob, $this->mockedData, $this->queueName);
         $this->assertEquals($this->mockedMessageId, $id);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
     }
 
     public function testDelayedPushProperlyPushesJobOntoSqs()
     {
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(SqsQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['createPayload', 'secondsUntil', 'getQueue'])->setConstructorArgs([$this->sqs, $this->queueName, $this->account])->getMock();
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('createPayload')->with($this->mockedJob, $this->queueName, $this->mockedData)->willReturn($this->mockedPayload);
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('secondsUntil')->with($this->mockedDelay)->willReturn($this->mockedDelay);
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getQueue')->with($this->queueName)->willReturn($this->queueUrl);
         $this->sqs->shouldReceive('sendMessage')->once()->with(['QueueUrl' => $this->queueUrl, 'MessageBody' => $this->mockedPayload, 'DelaySeconds' => $this->mockedDelay])->andReturn($this->mockedSendMessageResponseModel);
         $id = $queue->later($this->mockedDelay, $this->mockedJob, $this->mockedData, $this->queueName);
         $this->assertEquals($this->mockedMessageId, $id);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
     }
 
     public function testPushProperlyPushesJobOntoSqs()
     {
         $queue = $this->getMockBuilder(SqsQueue::class)->onlyMethods(['createPayload', 'getQueue'])->setConstructorArgs([$this->sqs, $this->queueName, $this->account])->getMock();
+        $queue->setContainer($container = m::spy(Container::class));
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('createPayload')->with($this->mockedJob, $this->queueName, $this->mockedData)->willReturn($this->mockedPayload);
         $queue->expects($this->once())->method('getQueue')->with($this->queueName)->willReturn($this->queueUrl);
         $this->sqs->shouldReceive('sendMessage')->once()->with(['QueueUrl' => $this->queueUrl, 'MessageBody' => $this->mockedPayload])->andReturn($this->mockedSendMessageResponseModel);
         $id = $queue->push($this->mockedJob, $this->mockedData, $this->queueName);
         $this->assertEquals($this->mockedMessageId, $id);
+        $container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
     }
 
     public function testSizeProperlyReadsSqsQueueSize()
diff --git a/tests/Queue/RedisQueueIntegrationTest.php b/tests/Queue/RedisQueueIntegrationTest.php
index 0380988bd4e1..5fbad9311dd4 100644
--- a/tests/Queue/RedisQueueIntegrationTest.php
+++ b/tests/Queue/RedisQueueIntegrationTest.php
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Queue;
 
 use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\Concerns\InteractsWithRedis;
+use Illuminate\Queue\Events\JobQueued;
 use Illuminate\Queue\Jobs\RedisJob;
 use Illuminate\Queue\RedisQueue;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
@@ -21,6 +23,11 @@ class RedisQueueIntegrationTest extends TestCase
      */
     private $queue;
 
+    /**
+     * @var \Mockery\MockInterface|\Mockery\LegacyMockInterface
+     */
+    private $container;
+
     protected function setUp(): void
     {
         Carbon::setTestNow(Carbon::now());
@@ -57,6 +64,8 @@ public function testExpiredJobsArePopped($driver)
         $this->queue->later(-300, $jobs[2]);
         $this->queue->later(-100, $jobs[3]);
 
+        $this->container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->times(4);
+
         $this->assertEquals($jobs[2], unserialize(json_decode($this->queue->pop()->getRawBody())->data->command));
         $this->assertEquals($jobs[1], unserialize(json_decode($this->queue->pop()->getRawBody())->data->command));
         $this->assertEquals($jobs[3], unserialize(json_decode($this->queue->pop()->getRawBody())->data->command));
@@ -183,13 +192,14 @@ public function testPopProperlyPopsDelayedJobOffOfRedis($driver)
      */
     public function testPopPopsDelayedJobOffOfRedisWhenExpireNull($driver)
     {
-        $this->queue = new RedisQueue($this->redis[$driver], 'default', null, null);
-        $this->queue->setContainer(m::mock(Container::class));
+        $this->setQueue($driver, 'default', null, null);
 
         // Push an item into queue
         $job = new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(10);
         $this->queue->later(-10, $job);
 
+        $this->container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
+
         // Pop and check it is popped correctly
         $before = $this->currentTime();
         $this->assertEquals($job, unserialize(json_decode($this->queue->pop()->getRawBody())->data->command));
@@ -264,12 +274,13 @@ public function testBlockingPopProperlyPopsExpiredJobs($driver)
      */
     public function testNotExpireJobsWhenExpireNull($driver)
     {
-        $this->queue = new RedisQueue($this->redis[$driver], 'default', null, null);
-        $this->queue->setContainer(m::mock(Container::class));
+        $this->setQueue($driver, 'default', null, null);
 
         // Make an expired reserved job
         $failed = new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(-20);
         $this->queue->push($failed);
+        $this->container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
+
         $beforeFailPop = $this->currentTime();
         $this->queue->pop();
         $afterFailPop = $this->currentTime();
@@ -277,6 +288,7 @@ public function testNotExpireJobsWhenExpireNull($driver)
         // Push an item into queue
         $job = new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(10);
         $this->queue->push($job);
+        $this->container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->times(2);
 
         // Pop and check it is popped correctly
         $before = $this->currentTime();
@@ -309,12 +321,12 @@ public function testNotExpireJobsWhenExpireNull($driver)
      */
     public function testExpireJobsWhenExpireSet($driver)
     {
-        $this->queue = new RedisQueue($this->redis[$driver], 'default', null, 30);
-        $this->queue->setContainer(m::mock(Container::class));
+        $this->setQueue($driver, 'default', null, 30);
 
         // Push an item into queue
         $job = new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(10);
         $this->queue->push($job);
+        $this->container->shouldHaveReceived('bound')->with('events')->once();
 
         // Pop and check it is popped correctly
         $before = $this->currentTime();
@@ -455,17 +467,67 @@ public function testSize($driver)
         $this->assertEquals(2, $this->queue->size());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider redisDriverProvider
+     *
+     * @param  string  $driver
+     */
+    public function testPushJobQueuedEvent($driver)
+    {
+        $events = m::mock(Dispatcher::class);
+        $events->shouldReceive('dispatch')->withArgs(function (JobQueued $jobQueued) {
+            $this->assertInstanceOf(RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob::class, $jobQueued->job);
+            $this->assertIsString(RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob::class, $jobQueued->id);
+
+            return true;
+        })->andReturnNull()->once();
+
+        $container = m::mock(Container::class);
+        $container->shouldReceive('bound')->with('events')->andReturn(true)->once();
+        $container->shouldReceive('offsetGet')->with('events')->andReturn($events)->once();
+
+        $queue = new RedisQueue($this->redis[$driver]);
+        $queue->setContainer($container);
+
+        $queue->push(new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(5));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider redisDriverProvider
+     *
+     * @param  string  $driver
+     */
+    public function testBulkJobQueuedEvent($driver)
+    {
+        $events = m::mock(Dispatcher::class);
+        $events->shouldReceive('dispatch')->with(m::type(JobQueued::class))->andReturnNull()->times(3);
+
+        $container = m::mock(Container::class);
+        $container->shouldReceive('bound')->with('events')->andReturn(true)->times(3);
+        $container->shouldReceive('offsetGet')->with('events')->andReturn($events)->times(3);
+
+        $queue = new RedisQueue($this->redis[$driver]);
+        $queue->setContainer($container);
+
+        $queue->bulk([
+            new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(5),
+            new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(10),
+            new RedisQueueIntegrationTestJob(15),
+        ]);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param  string  $driver
      * @param  string  $default
-     * @param  string  $connection
+     * @param  string|null  $connection
      * @param  int  $retryAfter
      * @param  int|null  $blockFor
      */
     private function setQueue($driver, $default = 'default', $connection = null, $retryAfter = 60, $blockFor = null)
     {
         $this->queue = new RedisQueue($this->redis[$driver], $default, $connection, $retryAfter, $blockFor);
-        $this->queue->setContainer(m::mock(Container::class));
+        $this->container = m::spy(Container::class);
+        $this->queue->setContainer($this->container);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/Redis/ConcurrentLimiterTest.php b/tests/Redis/ConcurrentLimiterTest.php
index 78a6792274a5..35e5e64d2ea0 100644
--- a/tests/Redis/ConcurrentLimiterTest.php
+++ b/tests/Redis/ConcurrentLimiterTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Illuminate\Tests\Redis;
 
+use Error;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\LimiterTimeoutException;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\Concerns\InteractsWithRedis;
 use Illuminate\Redis\Limiters\ConcurrencyLimiter;
@@ -140,6 +141,27 @@ public function testItFailsAfterRetryTimeout()
         $this->assertEquals([1], $store);
     }
 
+    public function testItReleasesIfErrorIsThrown()
+    {
+        $store = [];
+
+        $lock = new ConcurrencyLimiter($this->redis(), 'key', 1, 5);
+
+        try {
+            $lock->block(1, function () {
+                throw new Error();
+            });
+        } catch (Error $e) {
+        }
+
+        $lock = new ConcurrencyLimiter($this->redis(), 'key', 1, 5);
+        $lock->block(1, function () use (&$store) {
+            $store[] = 1;
+        });
+
+        $this->assertEquals([1], $store);
+    }
+
     private function redis()
     {
         return $this->redis['phpredis']->connection();
diff --git a/tests/Redis/RedisConnectionTest.php b/tests/Redis/RedisConnectionTest.php
index 0ca1ddae5452..38ab3fb7452b 100644
--- a/tests/Redis/RedisConnectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Redis/RedisConnectionTest.php
@@ -698,6 +698,33 @@ public function testItSscansForKeys()
         }
     }
 
+    public function testItSPopsForKeys()
+    {
+        foreach ($this->connections() as $redis) {
+            $members = ['test:spop:1', 'test:spop:2', 'test:spop:3', 'test:spop:4'];
+
+            foreach ($members as $member) {
+                $redis->sadd('set', $member);
+            }
+
+            $result = $redis->spop('set');
+            $this->assertIsNotArray($result);
+            $this->assertContains($result, $members);
+
+            $result = $redis->spop('set', 1);
+
+            $this->assertIsArray($result);
+            $this->assertCount(1, $result);
+
+            $result = $redis->spop('set', 2);
+
+            $this->assertIsArray($result);
+            $this->assertCount(2, $result);
+
+            $redis->flushAll();
+        }
+    }
+
     public function testPhpRedisScanOption()
     {
         foreach ($this->connections() as $redis) {
diff --git a/tests/Redis/RedisConnectorTest.php b/tests/Redis/RedisConnectorTest.php
index 36b488582215..965ef46eb69a 100644
--- a/tests/Redis/RedisConnectorTest.php
+++ b/tests/Redis/RedisConnectorTest.php
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ public function testDefaultConfiguration()
         $phpRedisClient = $this->redis['phpredis']->connection()->client();
         $this->assertEquals($host, $phpRedisClient->getHost());
         $this->assertEquals($port, $phpRedisClient->getPort());
+        $this->assertEquals('default', $phpRedisClient->client('GETNAME'));
     }
 
     public function testUrl()
@@ -160,4 +161,27 @@ public function testScheme()
         $this->assertSame("tcp://{$host}", $phpRedisClient->getHost());
         $this->assertEquals($port, $phpRedisClient->getPort());
     }
+
+    public function testPredisConfigurationWithUsername()
+    {
+        $host = env('REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1');
+        $port = env('REDIS_PORT', 6379);
+        $username = 'testuser';
+        $password = 'testpw';
+
+        $predis = new RedisManager(new Application, 'predis', [
+            'default' => [
+                'host' => $host,
+                'port' => $port,
+                'username' => $username,
+                'password' => $password,
+                'database' => 5,
+                'timeout' => 0.5,
+            ],
+        ]);
+        $predisClient = $predis->connection()->client();
+        $parameters = $predisClient->getConnection()->getParameters();
+        $this->assertEquals($username, $parameters->username);
+        $this->assertEquals($password, $parameters->password);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Redis/RedisManagerExtensionTest.php b/tests/Redis/RedisManagerExtensionTest.php
index 04b7eb63d7d9..650b118ec646 100644
--- a/tests/Redis/RedisManagerExtensionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Redis/RedisManagerExtensionTest.php
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ protected function setUp(): void
         ]);
 
         $this->redis->extend('my_custom_driver', function () {
-            return new FakeRedisConnnector();
+            return new FakeRedisConnector();
         });
     }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public function test_parse_connection_configuration_for_cluster()
     }
 }
 
-class FakeRedisConnnector implements Connector
+class FakeRedisConnector implements Connector
 {
     /**
      * Create a new clustered Predis connection.
diff --git a/tests/Routing/RoutingRouteTest.php b/tests/Routing/RoutingRouteTest.php
index 6715aa7297d9..a0d4548dc06e 100644
--- a/tests/Routing/RoutingRouteTest.php
+++ b/tests/Routing/RoutingRouteTest.php
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher;
 use Illuminate\Http\Exceptions\HttpResponseException;
 use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Http\Response;
 use Illuminate\Routing\Controller;
@@ -1671,6 +1672,27 @@ public function testImplicitBindingsWithOptionalParameterWithExistingKeyInUri()
         $this->assertSame('taylor', $router->dispatch(Request::create('foo/taylor', 'GET'))->getContent());
     }
 
+    public function testImplicitBindingsWithMissingModelHandledByMissing()
+    {
+        $router = $this->getRouter();
+        $router->get('foo/{bar}', [
+            'middleware' => SubstituteBindings::class,
+            'uses' => function (RouteModelBindingNullStub $bar = null) {
+                $this->assertInstanceOf(RouteModelBindingNullStub::class, $bar);
+
+                return $bar->first();
+            },
+        ])->missing(function () {
+            return new RedirectResponse('/', 302);
+        });
+
+        $request = Request::create('foo/taylor', 'GET');
+
+        $response = $router->dispatch($request);
+        $this->assertTrue($response->isRedirect('/'));
+        $this->assertEquals(302, $response->getStatusCode());
+    }
+
     public function testImplicitBindingsWithOptionalParameterWithNoKeyInUri()
     {
         $router = $this->getRouter();
@@ -1831,7 +1853,7 @@ public function testRouteRedirectStripsMissingStartingForwardSlash()
     public function testRouteRedirectExceptionWhenMissingExpectedParameters()
     {
         $this->expectException(UrlGenerationException::class);
-        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Missing required parameters for [Route: laravel_route_redirect_destination] [URI: users/{user}].');
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Missing required parameter for [Route: laravel_route_redirect_destination] [URI: users/{user}] [Missing parameter: user].');
 
         $container = new Container;
         $router = new Router(new Dispatcher, $container);
diff --git a/tests/Routing/RoutingUrlGeneratorTest.php b/tests/Routing/RoutingUrlGeneratorTest.php
index b7663b686b17..676f609b15fa 100755
--- a/tests/Routing/RoutingUrlGeneratorTest.php
+++ b/tests/Routing/RoutingUrlGeneratorTest.php
@@ -550,6 +550,61 @@ public function testUrlGenerationForControllersRequiresPassingOfRequiredParamete
         $this->assertSame('http://www.foo.com:8080/foo?test=123', $url->route('foo', $parameters));
     }
 
+    public function provideParametersAndExpectedMeaningfulExceptionMessages()
+    {
+        return [
+            'Missing parameters "one", "two" and "three"' => [
+                [],
+                'Missing required parameters for [Route: foo] [URI: foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}] [Missing parameters: one, two, three].',
+            ],
+            'Missing parameters "two" and "three"' => [
+                ['one' => '123'],
+                'Missing required parameters for [Route: foo] [URI: foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}] [Missing parameters: two, three].',
+            ],
+            'Missing parameters "one" and "three"' => [
+                ['two' => '123'],
+                'Missing required parameters for [Route: foo] [URI: foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}] [Missing parameters: one, three].',
+            ],
+            'Missing parameters "one" and "two"' => [
+                ['three' => '123'],
+                'Missing required parameters for [Route: foo] [URI: foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}] [Missing parameters: one, two].',
+            ],
+            'Missing parameter "three"' => [
+                ['one' => '123', 'two' => '123'],
+                'Missing required parameter for [Route: foo] [URI: foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}] [Missing parameter: three].',
+            ],
+            'Missing parameter "two"' => [
+                ['one' => '123', 'three' => '123'],
+                'Missing required parameter for [Route: foo] [URI: foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}] [Missing parameter: two].',
+            ],
+            'Missing parameter "one"' => [
+                ['two' => '123', 'three' => '123'],
+                'Missing required parameter for [Route: foo] [URI: foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}] [Missing parameter: one].',
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider provideParametersAndExpectedMeaningfulExceptionMessages
+     */
+    public function testUrlGenerationThrowsExceptionForMissingParametersWithMeaningfulMessage($parameters, $expectedMeaningfulExceptionMessage)
+    {
+        $this->expectException(UrlGenerationException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage($expectedMeaningfulExceptionMessage);
+
+        $url = new UrlGenerator(
+            $routes = new RouteCollection,
+            Request::create('http://www.foo.com:8080/')
+        );
+
+        $route = new Route(['GET'], 'foo/{one}/{two}/{three}/{four?}', ['as' => 'foo', function () {
+            //
+        }]);
+        $routes->add($route);
+
+        $url->route('foo', $parameters);
+    }
+
     public function testForceRootUrl()
     {
         $url = new UrlGenerator(
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportCarbonTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportCarbonTest.php
index ea4a53bfff91..cdd865b8b470 100644
--- a/tests/Support/SupportCarbonTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportCarbonTest.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use BadMethodCallException;
 use Carbon\Carbon as BaseCarbon;
+use Carbon\CarbonImmutable as BaseCarbonImmutable;
 use DateTime;
 use DateTimeInterface;
 use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
@@ -108,4 +109,13 @@ public function testDeserializationOccursCorrectly()
 
         $this->assertInstanceOf(Carbon::class, $deserialized);
     }
+
+    public function testSetTestNowWillPersistBetweenImmutableAndMutableInstance()
+    {
+        Carbon::setTestNow(new Carbon('2017-06-27 13:14:15.000000'));
+
+        $this->assertSame('2017-06-27 13:14:15', Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString());
+        $this->assertSame('2017-06-27 13:14:15', BaseCarbon::now()->toDateTimeString());
+        $this->assertSame('2017-06-27 13:14:15', BaseCarbonImmutable::now()->toDateTimeString());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportCollectionTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportCollectionTest.php
index 6faf65a1a3c2..8c562d572d48 100755
--- a/tests/Support/SupportCollectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportCollectionTest.php
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ public function testFirstWhere($collection)
 
         $this->assertSame('book', $data->firstWhere('material', 'paper')['type']);
         $this->assertSame('gasket', $data->firstWhere('material', 'rubber')['type']);
-        $this->assertNull($data->firstWhere('material', 'nonexistant'));
-        $this->assertNull($data->firstWhere('nonexistant', 'key'));
+        $this->assertNull($data->firstWhere('material', 'nonexistent'));
+        $this->assertNull($data->firstWhere('nonexistent', 'key'));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -541,6 +541,16 @@ public function testCountableByWithCallback($collection)
         })->all());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider collectionClassProvider
+     */
+    public function testContainsOneItem($collection)
+    {
+        $this->assertFalse((new $collection([]))->containsOneItem());
+        $this->assertTrue((new $collection([1]))->containsOneItem());
+        $this->assertFalse((new $collection([1, 2]))->containsOneItem());
+    }
+
     public function testIterable()
     {
         $c = new Collection(['foo']);
@@ -766,8 +776,10 @@ public function testWhereStrict($collection)
      */
     public function testWhereInstanceOf($collection)
     {
-        $c = new $collection([new stdClass, new stdClass, new $collection, new stdClass]);
+        $c = new $collection([new stdClass, new stdClass, new $collection, new stdClass, new Str]);
         $this->assertCount(3, $c->whereInstanceOf(stdClass::class));
+
+        $this->assertCount(4, $c->whereInstanceOf([stdClass::class, Str::class]));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -3590,6 +3602,28 @@ public function testReduce($collection)
         $this->assertEquals(6, $data->reduce(function ($carry, $element) {
             return $carry += $element;
         }));
+
+        $data = new $collection([
+            'foo' => 'bar',
+            'baz' => 'qux',
+        ]);
+        $this->assertEquals('foobarbazqux', $data->reduce(function ($carry, $element, $key) {
+            return $carry .= $key.$element;
+        }));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider collectionClassProvider
+     */
+    public function testReduceWithKeys($collection)
+    {
+        $data = new $collection([
+            'foo' => 'bar',
+            'baz' => 'qux',
+        ]);
+        $this->assertEquals('foobarbazqux', $data->reduceWithKeys(function ($carry, $element, $key) {
+            return $carry .= $key.$element;
+        }));
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportFacadesEventTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportFacadesEventTest.php
index 8c62c0826ba1..15c4a4acc7ab 100644
--- a/tests/Support/SupportFacadesEventTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportFacadesEventTest.php
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ protected function setUp(): void
     protected function tearDown(): void
     {
         Event::clearResolvedInstances();
+        Event::setFacadeApplication(null);
 
         m::close();
     }
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php
index bb3e5ead59ce..af7de6b40f56 100755
--- a/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Htmlable;
 use Illuminate\Support\Env;
 use Illuminate\Support\Optional;
+use LogicException;
 use Mockery as m;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use RuntimeException;
@@ -362,10 +363,63 @@ public function testTap()
     }
 
     public function testThrow()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+
+        throw_if(true, new LogicException);
+    }
+
+    public function testThrowDefaultException()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+
+        throw_if(true);
+    }
+
+    public function testThrowExceptionWithMessage()
     {
         $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('test');
+
+        throw_if(true, 'test');
+    }
+
+    public function testThrowExceptionAsStringWithMessage()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('test');
+
+        throw_if(true, LogicException::class, 'test');
+    }
+
+    public function testThrowUnless()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+
+        throw_unless(false, new LogicException);
+    }
+
+    public function testThrowUnlessDefaultException()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+
+        throw_unless(false);
+    }
+
+    public function testThrowUnlessExceptionWithMessage()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('test');
+
+        throw_unless(false, 'test');
+    }
+
+    public function testThrowUnlessExceptionAsStringWithMessage()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(LogicException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('test');
 
-        throw_if(true, new RuntimeException);
+        throw_unless(false, LogicException::class, 'test');
     }
 
     public function testThrowReturnIfNotThrown()
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportLazyCollectionIsLazyTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportLazyCollectionIsLazyTest.php
index b61df7a6b632..f6f16803e073 100644
--- a/tests/Support/SupportLazyCollectionIsLazyTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportLazyCollectionIsLazyTest.php
@@ -484,6 +484,13 @@ public function testIsNotEmptyIsLazy()
         });
     }
 
+    public function testContainsOneItemIsLazy()
+    {
+        $this->assertEnumerates(2, function ($collection) {
+            $collection->containsOneItem();
+        });
+    }
+
     public function testJoinIsLazy()
     {
         $this->assertEnumeratesOnce(function ($collection) {
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportPluralizerTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportPluralizerTest.php
index 5e4f4298ccef..ee3af6e45c04 100755
--- a/tests/Support/SupportPluralizerTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportPluralizerTest.php
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ public function testBasicPlural()
     {
         $this->assertSame('children', Str::plural('child'));
         $this->assertSame('cod', Str::plural('cod'));
+        $this->assertSame('The words', Str::plural('The word'));
+        $this->assertSame('Bouquetés', Str::plural('Bouqueté'));
     }
 
     public function testCaseSensitiveSingularUsage()
@@ -68,6 +70,21 @@ public function testPluralStudlyWithCount()
         $this->assertPluralStudly('RealHumans', 'RealHuman', -2);
     }
 
+    public function testPluralNotAppliedForStringEndingWithNonAlphanumericCharacter()
+    {
+        $this->assertSame('Alien.', Str::plural('Alien.'));
+        $this->assertSame('Alien!', Str::plural('Alien!'));
+        $this->assertSame('Alien ', Str::plural('Alien '));
+        $this->assertSame('50%', Str::plural('50%'));
+    }
+
+    public function testPluralAppliedForStringEndingWithNumericCharacter()
+    {
+        $this->assertSame('User1s', Str::plural('User1'));
+        $this->assertSame('User2s', Str::plural('User2'));
+        $this->assertSame('User3s', Str::plural('User3'));
+    }
+
     private function assertPluralStudly($expected, $value, $count = 2)
     {
         $this->assertSame($expected, Str::pluralStudly($value, $count));
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportStrTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportStrTest.php
index 87bc3c0956c4..f873e3bd934d 100755
--- a/tests/Support/SupportStrTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportStrTest.php
@@ -511,6 +511,12 @@ public function invalidUuidList()
             ['ff6f8cb0-c57da-51e1-9b21-0800200c9a66'],
         ];
     }
+
+    public function testMarkdown()
+    {
+        $this->assertEquals("<p><em>hello world</em></p>\n", Str::markdown('*hello world*'));
+        $this->assertEquals("<h1>hello world</h1>\n", Str::markdown('# hello world'));
+    }
 }
 
 class StringableObjectStub
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportStringableTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportStringableTest.php
index 1986d050de9c..d6c010fd20fd 100644
--- a/tests/Support/SupportStringableTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportStringableTest.php
@@ -62,6 +62,14 @@ public function testMatch()
         $this->assertTrue($stringable->matchAll('/nothing/')->isEmpty());
     }
 
+    public function testTest()
+    {
+        $stringable = $this->stringable('foo bar');
+
+        $this->assertTrue($stringable->test('/bar/'));
+        $this->assertTrue($stringable->test('/foo (.*)/'));
+    }
+
     public function testTrim()
     {
         $this->assertSame('foo', (string) $this->stringable(' foo ')->trim());
@@ -545,4 +553,39 @@ public function testChunk()
         $this->assertInstanceOf(Collection::class, $chunks);
         $this->assertSame(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], $chunks->all());
     }
+
+    public function testJsonSerialize()
+    {
+        $this->assertSame('"foo"', json_encode($this->stringable('foo')));
+    }
+
+    public function testTap()
+    {
+        $stringable = $this->stringable('foobarbaz');
+
+        $fromTheTap = '';
+
+        $stringable = $stringable->tap(function (Stringable $string) use (&$fromTheTap) {
+            $fromTheTap = $string->substr(0, 3);
+        });
+
+        $this->assertSame('foo', (string) $fromTheTap);
+        $this->assertSame('foobarbaz', (string) $stringable);
+    }
+
+    public function testPipe()
+    {
+        $callback = function ($stringable) {
+            return 'bar';
+        };
+
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(Stringable::class, $this->stringable('foo')->pipe($callback));
+        $this->assertSame('bar', (string) $this->stringable('foo')->pipe($callback));
+    }
+
+    public function testMarkdown()
+    {
+        $this->assertEquals("<p><em>hello world</em></p>\n", $this->stringable('*hello world*')->markdown());
+        $this->assertEquals("<h1>hello world</h1>\n", $this->stringable('# hello world')->markdown());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportTestingEventFakeTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportTestingEventFakeTest.php
index 3a9ccc6cdd3b..d51562d10c58 100644
--- a/tests/Support/SupportTestingEventFakeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportTestingEventFakeTest.php
@@ -118,6 +118,21 @@ function ($event, $payload) {
         $fake->assertDispatched('Bar');
         $fake->assertNotDispatched('Baz');
     }
+
+    public function testAssertNothingDispatched()
+    {
+        $this->fake->assertNothingDispatched();
+
+        $this->fake->dispatch(EventStub::class);
+        $this->fake->dispatch(EventStub::class);
+
+        try {
+            $this->fake->assertNothingDispatched();
+            $this->fail();
+        } catch (ExpectationFailedException $e) {
+            $this->assertThat($e, new ExceptionMessage('2 unexpected events were dispatched.'));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 class EventStub
diff --git a/tests/Testing/Concerns/TestDatabasesTest.php b/tests/Testing/Concerns/TestDatabasesTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7042bd5362c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Testing/Concerns/TestDatabasesTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Testing\Concerns;
+
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Testing\Concerns\TestDatabases;
+use Mockery as m;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use ReflectionMethod;
+
+class TestDatabasesTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        Container::setInstance($container = new Container);
+
+        $container->singleton('config', function () {
+            return m::mock(Config::class)
+                ->shouldReceive('get')
+                ->once()
+                ->with('database.default', null)
+                ->andReturn('mysql')
+                ->getMock();
+        });
+
+        $_SERVER['LARAVEL_PARALLEL_TESTING'] = 1;
+    }
+
+    public function testSwitchToDatabaseWithoutUrl()
+    {
+        DB::shouldReceive('purge')->once();
+
+        config()->shouldReceive('get')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('database.connections.mysql.url', false)
+            ->andReturn(false);
+
+        config()->shouldReceive('set')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('database.connections.mysql.database', 'my_database_test_1');
+
+        $this->switchToDatabase('my_database_test_1');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider databaseUrls
+     */
+    public function testSwitchToDatabaseWithUrl($testDatabase, $url, $testUrl)
+    {
+        DB::shouldReceive('purge')->once();
+
+        config()->shouldReceive('get')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('database.connections.mysql.url', false)
+            ->andReturn($url);
+
+        config()->shouldReceive('set')
+            ->once()
+            ->with('database.connections.mysql.url', $testUrl);
+
+        $this->switchToDatabase($testDatabase);
+    }
+
+    public function switchToDatabase($database)
+    {
+        $instance = new class {
+            use TestDatabases;
+        };
+
+        $method = new ReflectionMethod($instance, 'switchToDatabase');
+        tap($method)->setAccessible(true)->invoke($instance, $database);
+    }
+
+    public function databaseUrls()
+    {
+        return [
+            [
+                'my_database_test_1',
+                'mysql://root:@127.0.0.1/my_database?charset=utf8mb4',
+                'mysql://root:@127.0.0.1/my_database_test_1?charset=utf8mb4',
+            ],
+            [
+                'my_database_test_1',
+                'mysql://my-user:@localhost/my_database',
+                'mysql://my-user:@localhost/my_database_test_1',
+            ],
+            [
+                'my-database_test_1',
+                'postgresql://my_database_user:@127.0.0.1/my-database?charset=utf8',
+                'postgresql://my_database_user:@127.0.0.1/my-database_test_1?charset=utf8',
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        parent::tearDown();
+
+        Container::setInstance(null);
+        DB::clearResolvedInstances();
+        DB::setFacadeApplication(null);
+
+        unset($_SERVER['LARAVEL_PARALLEL_TESTING']);
+
+        m::close();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Testing/ParallelConsoleOutputTest.php b/tests/Testing/ParallelConsoleOutputTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1543be66aee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Testing/ParallelConsoleOutputTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Testing;
+
+use Illuminate\Testing\ParallelConsoleOutput;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\BufferedOutput;
+
+class ParallelConsoleOutputTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function testWrite()
+    {
+        $original = new BufferedOutput();
+        $output = new ParallelConsoleOutput($original);
+
+        $output->write('Running phpunit in 12 processes with laravel/laravel.');
+        $this->assertEmpty($original->fetch());
+
+        $output->write('Configuration read from phpunit.xml.dist');
+        $this->assertEmpty($original->fetch());
+
+        $output->write('... 3/3 (100%)');
+        $this->assertSame('... 3/3 (100%)', $original->fetch());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Testing/ParallelTestingTest.php b/tests/Testing/ParallelTestingTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d7a0406019ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Testing/ParallelTestingTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Testing;
+
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
+use Illuminate\Testing\ParallelTesting;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class ParallelTestingTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+
+        Container::setInstance(new Container);
+
+        $_SERVER['LARAVEL_PARALLEL_TESTING'] = 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider callbacks
+     */
+    public function testCallbacks($callback)
+    {
+        $parallelTesting = new ParallelTesting(Container::getInstance());
+        $caller = 'call'.ucfirst($callback).'Callbacks';
+
+        $state = false;
+        $parallelTesting->{$caller}($this);
+        $this->assertFalse($state);
+
+        $parallelTesting->{$callback}(function ($token, $testCase = null) use ($callback, &$state) {
+            if (in_array($callback, ['setUpTestCase', 'tearDownTestCase'])) {
+                $this->assertSame($this, $testCase);
+            } else {
+                $this->assertNull($testCase);
+            }
+
+            $this->assertEquals(1, $token);
+            $state = true;
+        });
+
+        $parallelTesting->{$caller}($this);
+        $this->assertFalse($state);
+
+        $parallelTesting->resolveTokenUsing(function () {
+            return 1;
+        });
+
+        $parallelTesting->{$caller}($this);
+        $this->assertTrue($state);
+    }
+
+    public function testOptions()
+    {
+        $parallelTesting = new ParallelTesting(Container::getInstance());
+
+        $this->assertFalse($parallelTesting->option('recreate_databases'));
+
+        $parallelTesting->resolveOptionsUsing(function ($option) {
+            return $option == 'recreate_databases';
+        });
+
+        $this->assertFalse($parallelTesting->option('recreate_caches'));
+        $this->assertTrue($parallelTesting->option('recreate_databases'));
+    }
+
+    public function testToken()
+    {
+        $parallelTesting = new ParallelTesting(Container::getInstance());
+
+        $this->assertFalse($parallelTesting->token());
+
+        $parallelTesting->resolveTokenUsing(function () {
+            return 1;
+        });
+
+        $this->assertSame(1, $parallelTesting->token());
+    }
+
+    public function callbacks()
+    {
+        return [
+            ['setUpProcess'],
+            ['setUpTestCase'],
+            ['setUpTestDatabase'],
+            ['tearDownTestCase'],
+            ['tearDownProcess'],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        parent::tearDown();
+
+        Container::setInstance(null);
+
+        unset($_SERVER['LARAVEL_PARALLEL_TESTING']);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Testing/TestResponseTest.php b/tests/Testing/TestResponseTest.php
index 8aae14243652..42d16e72d3fa 100644
--- a/tests/Testing/TestResponseTest.php
+++ b/tests/Testing/TestResponseTest.php
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 <?php
 
-namespace Illuminate\Tests\Foundation;
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\Testing;
 
+use Illuminate\Container\Container;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Cookie\CookieValuePrefix;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Encryption\Encrypter;
 use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
 use Illuminate\Http\Response;
 use Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse;
@@ -13,6 +16,7 @@
 use PHPUnit\Framework\ExpectationFailedException;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\BinaryFileResponse;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Cookie;
 
 class TestResponseTest extends TestCase
 {
@@ -1044,6 +1048,27 @@ public function testAssertJsonMissingValidationErrorsCanFail2()
         $response->assertJsonMissingValidationErrors('bar');
     }
 
+    public function testAssertJsonMissingValidationErrorsCanFail3()
+    {
+        $this->expectException(AssertionFailedError::class);
+
+        $baseResponse = tap(new Response, function ($response) {
+            $response->setContent(
+                json_encode([
+                    'data' => [
+                        'errors' => [
+                            'foo' => ['one'],
+                        ],
+                    ],
+                ]),
+            );
+        });
+
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse($baseResponse);
+
+        $response->assertJsonMissingValidationErrors('foo', 'data.errors');
+    }
+
     public function testAssertJsonMissingValidationErrorsWithoutArgument()
     {
         $data = ['status' => 'ok'];
@@ -1105,6 +1130,31 @@ public function testAssertJsonMissingValidationErrorsCustomErrorsName()
         $testResponse->assertJsonMissingValidationErrors('bar', 'data');
     }
 
+    public function testAssertJsonMissingValidationErrorsNestedCustomErrorsName1()
+    {
+        $data = [
+            'status' => 'ok',
+            'data' => [
+                'errors' => ['foo' => 'oops'],
+            ],
+        ];
+
+        $testResponse = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response)->setContent(json_encode($data))
+        );
+
+        $testResponse->assertJsonMissingValidationErrors('bar', 'data.errors');
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertJsonMissingValidationErrorsNestedCustomErrorsName2()
+    {
+        $testResponse = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response)->setContent(json_encode([]))
+        );
+
+        $testResponse->assertJsonMissingValidationErrors('bar', 'data.errors');
+    }
+
     public function testMacroable()
     {
         TestResponse::macro('foo', function () {
@@ -1154,6 +1204,79 @@ public function testItCanBeTapped()
         })->assertStatus(418);
     }
 
+    public function testAssertPlainCookie()
+    {
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response())->withCookie(new Cookie('cookie-name', 'cookie-value'))
+        );
+
+        $response->assertPlainCookie('cookie-name', 'cookie-value');
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertCookie()
+    {
+        $container = Container::getInstance();
+        $encrypter = new Encrypter(str_repeat('a', 16));
+        $container->singleton('encrypter', function () use ($encrypter) {
+            return $encrypter;
+        });
+
+        $cookieName = 'cookie-name';
+        $cookieValue = 'cookie-value';
+        $encryptedValue = $encrypter->encrypt(CookieValuePrefix::create($cookieName, $encrypter->getKey()).$cookieValue, false);
+
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response())->withCookie(new Cookie($cookieName, $encryptedValue))
+        );
+
+        $response->assertCookie($cookieName, $cookieValue);
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertCookieExpired()
+    {
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response())->withCookie(new Cookie('cookie-name', 'cookie-value', time() - 5000))
+        );
+
+        $response->assertCookieExpired('cookie-name');
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertSessionCookieExpiredDoesNotTriggerOnSessionCookies()
+    {
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response())->withCookie(new Cookie('cookie-name', 'cookie-value', 0))
+        );
+
+        $this->expectException(ExpectationFailedException::class);
+
+        $response->assertCookieExpired('cookie-name');
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertCookieNotExpired()
+    {
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response())->withCookie(new Cookie('cookie-name', 'cookie-value', time() + 5000))
+        );
+
+        $response->assertCookieNotExpired('cookie-name');
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertSessionCookieNotExpired()
+    {
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(
+            (new Response())->withCookie(new Cookie('cookie-name', 'cookie-value', 0))
+        );
+
+        $response->assertCookieNotExpired('cookie-name');
+    }
+
+    public function testAssertCookieMissing()
+    {
+        $response = TestResponse::fromBaseResponse(new Response());
+
+        $response->assertCookieMissing('cookie-name');
+    }
+
     private function makeMockResponse($content)
     {
         $baseResponse = tap(new Response, function ($response) use ($content) {
diff --git a/tests/Validation/ValidationValidatorTest.php b/tests/Validation/ValidationValidatorTest.php
index 9b2a96d3591e..a60b93b9abf4 100755
--- a/tests/Validation/ValidationValidatorTest.php
+++ b/tests/Validation/ValidationValidatorTest.php
@@ -1553,6 +1553,10 @@ public function testValidateJson()
         $trans = $this->getIlluminateArrayTranslator();
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['foo' => '{"name":"John","age":"34"}'], ['foo' => 'json']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
+
+        $trans = $this->getIlluminateArrayTranslator();
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['foo' => ['array']], ['foo' => 'json']);
+        $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
     }
 
     public function testValidateBoolean()
@@ -1830,14 +1834,14 @@ public function testValidateMax()
         $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
 
         $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['isValid', 'getSize'])->setConstructorArgs([__FILE__, basename(__FILE__)])->getMock();
-        $file->expects($this->any())->method('isValid')->willReturn(true);
-        $file->expects($this->once())->method('getSize')->willReturn(3072);
+        $file->method('isValid')->willReturn(true);
+        $file->method('getSize')->willReturn(3072);
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['photo' => $file], ['photo' => 'Max:10']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
         $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['isValid', 'getSize'])->setConstructorArgs([__FILE__, basename(__FILE__)])->getMock();
-        $file->expects($this->any())->method('isValid')->willReturn(true);
-        $file->expects($this->once())->method('getSize')->willReturn(4072);
+        $file->method('isValid')->willReturn(true);
+        $file->method('getSize')->willReturn(4072);
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['photo' => $file], ['photo' => 'Max:2']);
         $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
 
@@ -2833,44 +2837,63 @@ public function testValidateImage()
         $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('php');
         $file->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('php');
-        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'image']);
         $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
 
         $file2 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file2->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('jpeg');
         $file2->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('jpeg');
-        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file2], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file2], ['x' => 'image']);
+        $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
+
+        $file2 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file2->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $file2->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file2], ['x' => 'image']);
+        $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
+
+        $file2 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->setMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file2->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $file2->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file2], ['x' => 'image']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
         $file3 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file3->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('gif');
         $file3->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('gif');
-        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file3], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file3], ['x' => 'image']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
         $file4 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file4->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('bmp');
         $file4->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('bmp');
-        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file4], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file4], ['x' => 'image']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
         $file5 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file5->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('png');
         $file5->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('png');
-        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file5], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file5], ['x' => 'image']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
         $file6 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file6->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('svg');
         $file6->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('svg');
-        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file6], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file6], ['x' => 'image']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
         $file7 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file7->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('webp');
         $file7->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('webp');
+
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file7], ['x' => 'Image']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
+
+        $file2 = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file2->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $file2->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file2], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
     }
 
     public function testValidateImageDoesNotAllowPhpExtensionsOnImageMime()
@@ -2881,7 +2904,7 @@ public function testValidateImageDoesNotAllowPhpExtensionsOnImageMime()
         $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('jpeg');
         $file->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('php');
-        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'Image']);
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'image']);
         $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
     }
 
@@ -2959,7 +2982,7 @@ public function testValidateImageDimensions()
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $uploadedFile], ['x' => 'dimensions:ratio=2/3']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
-        // Ensure svg images always pass as size is irreleveant (image/svg+xml)
+        // Ensure svg images always pass as size is irrelevant (image/svg+xml)
         $svgXmlUploadedFile = new UploadedFile(__DIR__.'/fixtures/image.svg', '', 'image/svg+xml', null, true);
         $trans = $this->getIlluminateArrayTranslator();
 
@@ -2972,7 +2995,7 @@ public function testValidateImageDimensions()
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $svgXmlFile], ['x' => 'dimensions:max_width=1,max_height=1']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
 
-        // Ensure svg images always pass as size is irreleveant (image/svg)
+        // Ensure svg images always pass as size is irrelevant (image/svg)
         $svgUploadedFile = new UploadedFile(__DIR__.'/fixtures/image2.svg', '', 'image/svg', null, true);
         $trans = $this->getIlluminateArrayTranslator();
 
@@ -2994,20 +3017,30 @@ public function testValidateImageDimensions()
         $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @requires extension fileinfo
-     */
-    public function testValidatePhpMimetypes()
+    public function testValidateMimetypes()
     {
         $trans = $this->getIlluminateArrayTranslator();
+
         $uploadedFile = [__DIR__.'/ValidationRuleTest.php', '', null, null, true];
 
         $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->onlyMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
         $file->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('rtf');
         $file->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('rtf');
 
+        $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->setMethods(['getMimeType'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file->expects($this->any())->method('getMimeType')->willReturn('text/rtf');
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'mimetypes:text/*']);
         $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
+
+        $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->setMethods(['getMimeType'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file->expects($this->any())->method('getMimeType')->willReturn('application/pdf');
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'mimetypes:text/rtf']);
+        $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
+
+        $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->setMethods(['getMimeType'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file->expects($this->any())->method('getMimeType')->willReturn('image/jpeg');
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'mimetypes:image/jpeg']);
+        $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
     }
 
     public function testValidateMime()
@@ -3026,6 +3059,18 @@ public function testValidateMime()
         $file2->expects($this->any())->method('isValid')->willReturn(false);
         $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file2], ['x' => 'mimes:pdf']);
         $this->assertFalse($v->passes());
+
+        $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->setMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $file->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'mimes:jpeg']);
+        $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
+
+        $file = $this->getMockBuilder(UploadedFile::class)->setMethods(['guessExtension', 'getClientOriginalExtension'])->setConstructorArgs($uploadedFile)->getMock();
+        $file->expects($this->any())->method('guessExtension')->willReturn('jpg');
+        $file->expects($this->any())->method('getClientOriginalExtension')->willReturn('jpeg');
+        $v = new Validator($trans, ['x' => $file], ['x' => 'mimes:jpg']);
+        $this->assertTrue($v->passes());
     }
 
     public function testValidateMimeEnforcesPhpCheck()
@@ -5674,6 +5719,42 @@ public function testValidateFailsWithAsterisksAsDataKeys()
         $this->assertSame(['data.1.date' => ['validation.date'], 'data.*.date' => ['validation.date']], $validator->messages()->toArray());
     }
 
+    public function testFailOnFirstError()
+    {
+        $trans = $this->getIlluminateArrayTranslator();
+        $data = [
+            'foo' => 'bar',
+            'age' => 30,
+        ];
+        $rules = [
+            'foo' => ['required', 'string'],
+            'baz' => ['required'],
+            'age' => ['required', 'min:31'],
+        ];
+
+        $expectedFailOnFirstErrorDisableResult = [
+            'baz' => [
+                'validation.required',
+            ],
+            'age' => [
+                'validation.min.string',
+            ],
+        ];
+        $failOnFirstErrorDisable = new Validator($trans, $data, $rules);
+        $this->assertFalse($failOnFirstErrorDisable->passes());
+        $this->assertEquals($expectedFailOnFirstErrorDisableResult, $failOnFirstErrorDisable->getMessageBag()->getMessages());
+
+        $expectedFailOnFirstErrorEnableResult = [
+            'baz' => [
+                'validation.required',
+            ],
+        ];
+        $failOnFirstErrorEnable = new Validator($trans, $data, $rules, [], []);
+        $failOnFirstErrorEnable->stopOnFirstFailure();
+        $this->assertFalse($failOnFirstErrorEnable->passes());
+        $this->assertEquals($expectedFailOnFirstErrorEnableResult, $failOnFirstErrorEnable->getMessageBag()->getMessages());
+    }
+
     protected function getTranslator()
     {
         return m::mock(TranslatorContract::class);
diff --git a/tests/View/Blade/BladeComponentTagCompilerTest.php b/tests/View/Blade/BladeComponentTagCompilerTest.php
index 6872d38ae4a1..a00744859d45 100644
--- a/tests/View/Blade/BladeComponentTagCompilerTest.php
+++ b/tests/View/Blade/BladeComponentTagCompilerTest.php
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 class BladeComponentTagCompilerTest extends AbstractBladeTestCase
 {
-    public function tearDown(): void
+    protected function tearDown(): void
     {
         Mockery::close();
     }
@@ -40,69 +40,77 @@ public function testBasicComponentParsing()
 
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<div><x-alert type="foo" limit="5" @click="foo" wire:click="changePlan(\'{{ $plan }}\')" required /><x-alert /></div>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("<div> @component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
+        $this->assertSame("<div>##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['type' => 'foo','limit' => '5','@click' => 'foo','wire:click' => 'changePlan(\''.e(\$plan).'\')','required' => true]); ?>\n".
-"@endcomponentClass  @component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
+"@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS####BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass </div>', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##</div>', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testBasicComponentWithEmptyAttributesParsing()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<div><x-alert type="" limit=\'\' @click="" required /></div>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("<div> @component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
+        $this->assertSame("<div>##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['type' => '','limit' => '','@click' => '','required' => true]); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass </div>', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##</div>', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testDataCamelCasing()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['profile' => TestProfileComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-profile user-id="1"></x-profile>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', ['userId' => '1'])
-<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endcomponentClass", trim($result));
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', ['userId' => '1'])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testColonData()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['profile' => TestProfileComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-profile :user-id="1"></x-profile>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', ['userId' => 1])
-<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endcomponentClass", trim($result));
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', ['userId' => 1])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
+    }
+
+    public function testEscapedColonAttribute()
+    {
+        $result = $this->compiler(['profile' => TestProfileComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-profile :user-id="1" ::title="user.name"></x-profile>');
+
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', ['userId' => 1])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes([':title' => 'user.name']); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testColonAttributesIsEscapedIfStrings()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['profile' => TestProfileComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-profile :src="\'foo\'"></x-profile>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', [])
-<?php \$component->withAttributes(['src' => \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::sanitizeComponentAttribute('foo')]); ?> @endcomponentClass", trim($result));
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', [])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes(['src' => \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::sanitizeComponentAttribute('foo')]); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testColonNestedComponentParsing()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['foo:alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-foo:alert></x-foo:alert>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'foo:alert', [])
-<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endcomponentClass", trim($result));
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'foo:alert', [])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testColonStartingNestedComponentParsing()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['foo:alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<x:foo:alert></x-foo:alert>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'foo:alert', [])
-<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endcomponentClass", trim($result));
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'foo:alert', [])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testSelfClosingComponentsCanBeCompiled()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<div><x-alert/></div>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("<div> @component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
+        $this->assertSame("<div>##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass </div>', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##</div>', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testClassNamesCanBeGuessed()
@@ -139,18 +147,18 @@ public function testComponentsCanBeCompiledWithHyphenAttributes()
 
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-alert class="bar" wire:model="foo" x-on:click="bar" @click="baz" />');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['class' => 'bar','wire:model' => 'foo','x-on:click' => 'bar','@click' => 'baz']); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testSelfClosingComponentsCanBeCompiledWithDataAndAttributes()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-alert title="foo" class="bar" wire:model="foo" />');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', ['title' => 'foo'])
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', ['title' => 'foo'])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['class' => 'bar','wire:model' => 'foo']); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testComponentCanReceiveAttributeBag()
@@ -158,8 +166,8 @@ public function testComponentCanReceiveAttributeBag()
         $this->mockViewFactory();
         $result = $this->compiler(['profile' => TestProfileComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-profile class="bar" {{ $attributes }} wire:model="foo"></x-profile>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', [])
-<?php \$component->withAttributes(['class' => 'bar','attributes' => \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::sanitizeComponentAttribute(\$attributes),'wire:model' => 'foo']); ?> @endcomponentClass", trim($result));
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', [])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes(['class' => 'bar','attributes' => \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::sanitizeComponentAttribute(\$attributes),'wire:model' => 'foo']); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testSelfClosingComponentCanReceiveAttributeBag()
@@ -168,35 +176,35 @@ public function testSelfClosingComponentCanReceiveAttributeBag()
 
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<div><x-alert title="foo" class="bar" {{ $attributes->merge([\'class\' => \'test\']) }} wire:model="foo" /></div>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("<div> @component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', ['title' => 'foo'])
+        $this->assertSame("<div>##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', ['title' => 'foo'])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['class' => 'bar','attributes' => \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::sanitizeComponentAttribute(\$attributes->merge(['class' => 'test'])),'wire:model' => 'foo']); ?>\n".
-            '@endcomponentClass </div>', trim($result));
+            '@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##</div>', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testComponentsCanHaveAttachedWord()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['profile' => TestProfileComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-profile></x-profile>Words');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', [])
-<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endcomponentClass Words", trim($result));
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestProfileComponent', 'profile', [])
+<?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?> @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##Words", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testSelfClosingComponentsCanHaveAttachedWord()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-alert/>Words');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass Words', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##Words', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testSelfClosingComponentsCanBeCompiledWithBoundData()
     {
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-alert :title="$title" class="bar" />');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', ['title' => \$title])
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', ['title' => \$title])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['class' => 'bar']); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testPairedComponentTags()
@@ -204,9 +212,9 @@ public function testPairedComponentTags()
         $result = $this->compiler(['alert' => TestAlertComponent::class])->compileTags('<x-alert>
 </x-alert>');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade\TestAlertComponent', 'alert', [])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes([]); ?>
- @endcomponentClass", trim($result));
+ @endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##", trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testClasslessComponents()
@@ -220,9 +228,9 @@ public function testClasslessComponents()
 
         $result = $this->compiler()->compileTags('<x-anonymous-component :name="\'Taylor\'" :age="31" wire:model="foo" />');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\View\AnonymousComponent', 'anonymous-component', ['view' => 'components.anonymous-component','data' => ['name' => 'Taylor','age' => 31,'wire:model' => 'foo']])
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\View\AnonymousComponent', 'anonymous-component', ['view' => 'components.anonymous-component','data' => ['name' => 'Taylor','age' => 31,'wire:model' => 'foo']])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['name' => \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::sanitizeComponentAttribute('Taylor'),'age' => 31,'wire:model' => 'foo']); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testPackagesClasslessComponents()
@@ -236,9 +244,9 @@ public function testPackagesClasslessComponents()
 
         $result = $this->compiler()->compileTags('<x-package::anonymous-component :name="\'Taylor\'" :age="31" wire:model="foo" />');
 
-        $this->assertSame("@component('Illuminate\View\AnonymousComponent', 'package::anonymous-component', ['view' => 'package::components.anonymous-component','data' => ['name' => 'Taylor','age' => 31,'wire:model' => 'foo']])
+        $this->assertSame("##BEGIN-COMPONENT-CLASS##@component('Illuminate\View\AnonymousComponent', 'package::anonymous-component', ['view' => 'package::components.anonymous-component','data' => ['name' => 'Taylor','age' => 31,'wire:model' => 'foo']])
 <?php \$component->withAttributes(['name' => \Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::sanitizeComponentAttribute('Taylor'),'age' => 31,'wire:model' => 'foo']); ?>\n".
-'@endcomponentClass', trim($result));
+'@endComponentClass##END-COMPONENT-CLASS##', trim($result));
     }
 
     public function testAttributeSanitization()
diff --git a/tests/View/Blade/BladeInjectTest.php b/tests/View/Blade/BladeInjectTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07ffd19f0e3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/View/Blade/BladeInjectTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Illuminate\Tests\View\Blade;
+
+class BladeInjectTest extends AbstractBladeTestCase
+{
+    public function testDependenciesInjectedAsStringsAreCompiled()
+    {
+        $string = "Foo @inject('baz', 'SomeNamespace\SomeClass') bar";
+        $expected = "Foo <?php \$baz = app('SomeNamespace\SomeClass'); ?> bar";
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
+    }
+
+    public function testDependenciesInjectedAsStringsAreCompiledWhenInjectedWithDoubleQuotes()
+    {
+        $string = 'Foo @inject("baz", "SomeNamespace\SomeClass") bar';
+        $expected = 'Foo <?php $baz = app("SomeNamespace\SomeClass"); ?> bar';
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
+    }
+
+    public function testDependenciesAreCompiled()
+    {
+        $string = "Foo @inject('baz', SomeNamespace\SomeClass::class) bar";
+        $expected = "Foo <?php \$baz = app(SomeNamespace\SomeClass::class); ?> bar";
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
+    }
+
+    public function testDependenciesAreCompiledWithDoubleQuotes()
+    {
+        $string = 'Foo @inject("baz", SomeNamespace\SomeClass::class) bar';
+        $expected = "Foo <?php \$baz = app(SomeNamespace\SomeClass::class); ?> bar";
+        $this->assertEquals($expected, $this->compiler->compileString($string));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/View/ComponentTest.php b/tests/View/ComponentTest.php
index 124d954d454e..8049c7aa5bc5 100644
--- a/tests/View/ComponentTest.php
+++ b/tests/View/ComponentTest.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ComponentTest extends TestCase
     protected $viewFactory;
     protected $config;
 
-    public function setUp(): void
+    protected function setUp(): void
     {
         $this->config = m::mock(Config::class);
 
diff --git a/tests/View/ViewComponentAttributeBagTest.php b/tests/View/ViewComponentAttributeBagTest.php
index c91e74589e24..4fab0a42d37e 100644
--- a/tests/View/ViewComponentAttributeBagTest.php
+++ b/tests/View/ViewComponentAttributeBagTest.php
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ public function testAttributeRetrieval()
         $this->assertSame('font-bold', $bag->get('class'));
         $this->assertSame('bar', $bag->get('foo', 'bar'));
         $this->assertSame('font-bold', $bag['class']);
+        $this->assertSame('class="mt-4 font-bold" name="test"', (string) $bag->class('mt-4'));
+        $this->assertSame('class="mt-4 font-bold" name="test"', (string) $bag->class(['mt-4']));
+        $this->assertSame('class="mt-4 ml-2 font-bold" name="test"', (string) $bag->class(['mt-4', 'ml-2' => true, 'mr-2' => false]));
 
         $bag = new ComponentAttributeBag([]);
 
diff --git a/tests/View/ViewFactoryTest.php b/tests/View/ViewFactoryTest.php
index 52061422074e..ab003c3b9f9d 100755
--- a/tests/View/ViewFactoryTest.php
+++ b/tests/View/ViewFactoryTest.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Container\Container;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher as DispatcherContract;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\Engine;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View as ViewContract;
 use Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher;
 use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
 use Illuminate\Support\HtmlString;
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ public function testFirstCreatesNewViewInstanceWithProperPath()
         $factory->addExtension('php', 'php');
         $view = $factory->first(['bar', 'view'], ['foo' => 'bar'], ['baz' => 'boom']);
 
+        $this->assertInstanceOf(ViewContract::class, $view);
         $this->assertSame($engine, $view->getEngine());
         $this->assertSame($_SERVER['__test.view'], $view);
 
diff --git a/tests/View/fixtures/nested/basic.php b/tests/View/fixtures/nested/basic.php
index 557db03de997..e69de29bb2d1 100755
--- a/tests/View/fixtures/nested/basic.php
+++ b/tests/View/fixtures/nested/basic.php
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Hello World