diff --git a/doc/api/errors.md b/doc/api/errors.md
index 994c12c19c81b7..049f23cee95d5d 100644
--- a/doc/api/errors.md
+++ b/doc/api/errors.md
@@ -1121,6 +1121,16 @@ added:
 
 An attempt to invoke an unsupported crypto operation was made.
 
+<a id="ERR_CWD_DELETED"></a>
+
+### `ERR_CWD_DELETED`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+The current working directory has been deleted during the process' lifetime.
+
 <a id="ERR_DEBUGGER_ERROR"></a>
 
 ### `ERR_DEBUGGER_ERROR`
diff --git a/src/node_errors.h b/src/node_errors.h
index 4d7132a9954505..76c2309292fd09 100644
--- a/src/node_errors.h
+++ b/src/node_errors.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ void OOMErrorHandler(const char* location, const v8::OOMDetails& details);
 
 #define ERRORS_WITH_CODE(V)                                                    \
   V(ERR_ACCESS_DENIED, Error)                                                  \
+  V(ERR_CWD_DELETED, Error)                                                    \
   V(ERR_BUFFER_CONTEXT_NOT_AVAILABLE, Error)                                   \
   V(ERR_BUFFER_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, RangeError)                                      \
   V(ERR_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE, Error)                                               \
@@ -176,6 +177,10 @@ ERRORS_WITH_CODE(V)
 
 #define PREDEFINED_ERROR_MESSAGES(V)                                           \
   V(ERR_ACCESS_DENIED, "Access to this API has been restricted")               \
+  V(ERR_CWD_DELETED,                                                           \
+    "Current working directory does not exist. "                               \
+    "It may have been deleted while the process was still "                    \
+    "inside it. Use process.chdir() to change to a valid directory.")          \
   V(ERR_BUFFER_CONTEXT_NOT_AVAILABLE,                                          \
     "Buffer is not available for the current Context")                         \
   V(ERR_CLOSED_MESSAGE_PORT, "Cannot send data on closed MessagePort")         \
diff --git a/src/node_process_methods.cc b/src/node_process_methods.cc
index 9dd936c8ba9dcf..fd3f3040cfe7a9 100644
--- a/src/node_process_methods.cc
+++ b/src/node_process_methods.cc
@@ -162,6 +162,10 @@ static void Cwd(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   char buf[PATH_MAX_BYTES];
   size_t cwd_len = sizeof(buf);
   int err = uv_cwd(buf, &cwd_len);
+  if (err == UV_ENOENT) {
+    THROW_ERR_CWD_DELETED(env);
+    return;
+  }
   if (err) {
     return env->ThrowUVException(err, "uv_cwd");
   }
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-cwd-enoent-preload.js b/test/parallel/test-cwd-enoent-preload.js
index a7841e984d0eab..c6b542979001c6 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-cwd-enoent-preload.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-cwd-enoent-preload.js
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ proc.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);
 proc.stderr.pipe(process.stderr);
 
 proc.once('exit', common.mustCall(function(exitCode, signalCode) {
-  assert.strictEqual(exitCode, 0);
+  assert.strictEqual(exitCode, 1);
   assert.strictEqual(signalCode, null);
 }));
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-process-cwd-deleted.js b/test/parallel/test-process-cwd-deleted.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f25dd06f6451d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-process-cwd-deleted.js
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// This test verifies that an appropriate error is thrown when the current
+// working directory is deleted and process.cwd() is called.
+//
+// We do this by spawning a forked process and deleting the tmp cwd
+// while it is starting up.
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const { fork } = require('node:child_process');
+const { rmSync } = require('node:fs');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+
+if (process.argv[2] === 'child') {
+  while (true) {
+    process.cwd();  // Call process.cwd() to trigger failure
+    process.chdir('.'); // Reset the cache to force re-evaluation
+  }
+}
+
+const tmpdir = require('../common/tmpdir');
+tmpdir.refresh();
+const tmpDir = tmpdir.path;
+
+const proc = fork(__filename, ['child'], {
+  cwd: tmpDir,
+  silent: true,
+});
+
+let stderrData = '';
+
+proc.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+  stderrData += chunk.toString(); // Collect stderr output
+});
+
+proc.on('spawn', common.mustCall(() => rmSync(tmpDir, { recursive: true })));
+
+proc.on('exit', common.mustCall((code) => {
+  assert.strictEqual(code, 1); // Ensure process exits with error
+  assert.match(stderrData, /Current working directory does not exist/);
+}));