From b148aba931111418b965f91afe5da87a1404790d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: allanino Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2014 19:24:15 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 001/173] Added troubleshooting installing some pacakges. --- getclean.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 4b1ae3a3..d148e4fe 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ title: Getting and Cleaning Data permalink: /getclean/ --- +## Installing packages + +- [Troubleshooting installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) \ No newline at end of file From 68e68a64710754582d15a0a17debc2a6b7516dca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2014 23:34:49 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 002/173] add link from my name to my blog --- about.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/about.md b/about.md index 8c98963a..d2108975 100644 --- a/about.md +++ b/about.md @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ The [Data Science Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specialization/jhudat ### Community Contributors: -- Kevin Markham +- [Kevin Markham](http://www.dataschool.io/) - Derek Franks From 3e12108e60ffc308795a1c912c696ae697e290d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2014 23:54:06 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 003/173] add additional git links --- toolbox.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index de57dac6..67cb050f 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -8,4 +8,7 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ ## Git/GitHub -- [Git & GitHub Video Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5-da3qGB5IBLMp7LtN8Nc3Efd4hJq0kD) \ No newline at end of file +- [Git & GitHub Video Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5-da3qGB5IBLMp7LtN8Nc3Efd4hJq0kD) (also available for [download](https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0BxRfg0msVmAoRlZFQjJ3T3VTOUE&usp=sharing) as mp4 files) +- [A Beginner's Quick Reference Guide for Git Commands](http://www.dataschool.io/git-quick-reference-for-beginners/) +- [Understanding the Relationship Between Git and GitHub](http://www.dataschool.io/github-is-just-dropbox-for-git/) +- [Simple Guide to GitHub Forks](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-forks-in-github-and-git/) From b2bf4972615e403c85008c5e17267bd05ef8ba89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2014 00:04:29 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 004/173] add link to Practical Machine Learning --- pml.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index f5285643..c0407c5d 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ title: Practical Machine Learning permalink: /pml/ --- +## Model Evaluation + +- [Simple Guide to Confusion Matrix Terminology (sensitivity, specificity, etc.)](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-confusion-matrix-terminology/) From 014ec3925972427be3078ffbe656932667cd0db3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: stepds Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2014 11:59:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 005/173] Update rprog.md --- rprog.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 430688f2..142262b8 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Programming Assignments - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) +- [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) From 5b6e2ff696ce92509fe2ca6561e855953d29fd74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: allanino Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2014 10:19:21 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 006/173] Move troubleshooting from getclean.md to other.md --- getclean.md | 3 --- other.md | 3 +++ 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index d148e4fe..4b1ae3a3 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -4,6 +4,3 @@ title: Getting and Cleaning Data permalink: /getclean/ --- -## Installing packages - -- [Troubleshooting installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 981d6786..0192d0ec 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ title: Other Resources permalink: /other/ --- +## Troubleshooting + +- [Installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) \ No newline at end of file From d7783b762eed773cef0548970b6f64e5294001b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sean Kross Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2014 10:00:40 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 007/173] Update README.md --- README.md | 11 ++++++++++- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5b9c3141..bd26e3c7 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -11,4 +11,13 @@ If you've created a web page, video, sideshow, or any other kind of media you th 3. Commit your changes. 4. Submit a pull request. -We've created a [sample pull request](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecialization/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io/pull/1) to show you what we would like to see in a pull request. If we think your creation is well made, informative, and adds something new to this repository of content then we'll merge your request and add you to our list of contributors. If you happen to notice any inaccuracies or idiosyncrasies on this site or in this site's content, please let us know by opening an issue. \ No newline at end of file +We've created a [sample pull request](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecialization/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io/pull/1) to show you what we would like to see in a pull request. If we think your creation is well made, informative, and adds something new to this repository of content then we'll merge your request and add you to our list of contributors. If you happen to notice any inaccuracies or idiosyncrasies on this site or in this site's content, please let us know by opening an issue. + +Before sending a pull request to this site you should ask yourself: + +1. Am I the creator of the content I'm submitting? +2. Does my contribution teach? +3. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization? +4. Could my contribution be seamlessly integrated into the canonical course materials? + +If the answer to any of these questions in no then you probably shouldn't send a pull request. If you're on the fence about #3 or #4, err on the side of sending a pull request! From bd484a0abb93a5f8857604e5ddf0be4aa1fb39ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: stepds Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2014 20:33:19 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 008/173] Move contribution to /other/##Troubleshooting per seankross' request --- other.md | 3 ++- rprog.md | 1 - 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 0192d0ec..701275c9 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ permalink: /other/ ## Troubleshooting -- [Installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) \ No newline at end of file +- [Installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) +- [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 142262b8..430688f2 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -7,4 +7,3 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Programming Assignments - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) -- [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) From d0fc805d4106d9b351488ded4e1fc293bf6b6346 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thoughtfulbloke Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 21:22:24 +1200 Subject: [PATCH 009/173] Slidify to Github --- ddp.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index af3ed219..bc7941f4 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ title: Developing Data Products permalink: /ddp/ --- +- [Slidify to Github walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/25103) From 9dd76a6e66988ddd355b9a6a36ae474796f93014 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thoughtfulbloke Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 21:25:37 +1200 Subject: [PATCH 010/173] Subsetting and Apples and Oranges --- getclean.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 4b1ae3a3..a3e98f60 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ title: Getting and Cleaning Data permalink: /getclean/ --- +- [Subsetting example walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/subset) +- [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) From f16a5f12dbe9cdef2b65642f4f8ed5f9604510b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thoughtfulbloke Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 21:28:10 +1200 Subject: [PATCH 011/173] RPubs to Github website walkthrough --- repres.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 11519f8f..adbe525b 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ title: Reproducible Research permalink: /repres/ --- +- [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) From bf237c139fd37c0b378a5d608b6a8fa57f5a934e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Michael Sachs Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 10:30:08 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 012/173] Added link to knitr intro --- repres.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 11519f8f..f4266f3c 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ title: Reproducible Research permalink: /repres/ --- +## Knitr + +- [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) From e717de546db8c618dc3ec39e2e00943b2704b663 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 11:51:14 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 013/173] added curated page --- README.md | 13 +++++++------ about.md | 6 +++++- curated.md | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ index.md | 4 +++- 4 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) create mode 100644 curated.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index bd26e3c7..49fb18db 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ If you've created a web page, video, sideshow, or any other kind of media you th We've created a [sample pull request](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecialization/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io/pull/1) to show you what we would like to see in a pull request. If we think your creation is well made, informative, and adds something new to this repository of content then we'll merge your request and add you to our list of contributors. If you happen to notice any inaccuracies or idiosyncrasies on this site or in this site's content, please let us know by opening an issue. -Before sending a pull request to this site you should ask yourself: +**If you are not the author of the content you are submitting** you are welcome to add your link to the [Curated Knowledge](http://datasciencespecialization.github.io/curated/) page. We've created this page specifically so that you can share data science resources that you've found useful. -1. Am I the creator of the content I'm submitting? -2. Does my contribution teach? -3. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization? -4. Could my contribution be seamlessly integrated into the canonical course materials? +**Otherwise if you *are* the author of the content you're submitting**you should ask yourself the following questions: -If the answer to any of these questions in no then you probably shouldn't send a pull request. If you're on the fence about #3 or #4, err on the side of sending a pull request! +1. Does my contribution teach? +2. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization? +3. Could my contribution be seamlessly integrated into the canonical course materials? + +If you're on the fence about any of these, err on the side of sending a pull request! diff --git a/about.md b/about.md index d2108975..8aad3a89 100644 --- a/about.md +++ b/about.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ permalink: /about/ The [Data Science Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specialization/jhudatascience/1) is a 9 courses series on Data Science. Every class in the series runs every month, and the course material is availible on [GitHub](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecialization/courses). -### The JHU Data Science Lab Team: +### The JHU Data Science Lab: - [Brian Caffo](http://www.bcaffo.com/) - [Jeff Leek](http://jtleek.com/) @@ -18,3 +18,7 @@ The [Data Science Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specialization/jhudat - [Kevin Markham](http://www.dataschool.io/) - Derek Franks +- David Hood +- Michael Sachs +- Allan Inocêncio de Souza Costa +- [stepds](https://github.com/stepds) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c6b7a7a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/curated.md @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +--- +layout: page +title: Curated Knowledge +permalink: /curated/ +--- + +# DSS Community Site + +Since the beginning of the Data Science Specialization we've noticed the unbelievable passion students have about our courses and the generosity they show toward each other on the course forums. A couple students have created quality content around the subjects we discuss, and many of these materials are so good we feel that they should be shared with all of our students. This site is meant to serve as a central directory for community created content. + +## Contributing + +If you've created a web page, video, sideshow, or any other kind of media you think should be shared through this directory you should: + +1. Fork this repository. +2. Add a link to your content on the appropriate course page. +3. Commit your changes. +4. Submit a pull request. + +We've created a [sample pull request](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecialization/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io/pull/1) to show you what we would like to see in a pull request. If we think your creation is well made, informative, and adds something new to this repository of content then we'll merge your request and add you to our list of contributors. If you happen to notice any inaccuracies or idiosyncrasies on this site or in this site's content, please let us know by opening an issue. + +**If you are not the author of the content you're submitting** you are welcome to add your link to the [Curated Knowledge](http://datasciencespecialization.github.io/curated/) page. We've created this page specifically so that you can share data science resources that you've found useful. + +**Otherwise if you *are* the author of the content you're submitting** you should ask yourself the following questions: + +1. Does my contribution teach? +2. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization? +3. Could my contribution be seamlessly integrated into the canonical course materials? + +If you're on the fence about any of these, err on the side of sending a pull request! diff --git a/index.md b/index.md index 2801a3c4..26c7f5a7 100644 --- a/index.md +++ b/index.md @@ -17,4 +17,6 @@ interested in contributing [click here](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecializa 7. [Regression Models](/regmod/) 8. [Practical Machine Learning](/pml/) 9. [Developing Data Products](/ddp/) -10. [Other Resources](/other/) + +- [Other Resources](/other/) +- [Curated Knowledge](/curated/) From d976d4a200b57d24c1796ec9eb3f67a674517cc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 11:52:43 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 014/173] fixed curated page --- curated.md | 24 ------------------------ 1 file changed, 24 deletions(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index c6b7a7a7..0999830e 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -4,27 +4,3 @@ title: Curated Knowledge permalink: /curated/ --- -# DSS Community Site - -Since the beginning of the Data Science Specialization we've noticed the unbelievable passion students have about our courses and the generosity they show toward each other on the course forums. A couple students have created quality content around the subjects we discuss, and many of these materials are so good we feel that they should be shared with all of our students. This site is meant to serve as a central directory for community created content. - -## Contributing - -If you've created a web page, video, sideshow, or any other kind of media you think should be shared through this directory you should: - -1. Fork this repository. -2. Add a link to your content on the appropriate course page. -3. Commit your changes. -4. Submit a pull request. - -We've created a [sample pull request](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecialization/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io/pull/1) to show you what we would like to see in a pull request. If we think your creation is well made, informative, and adds something new to this repository of content then we'll merge your request and add you to our list of contributors. If you happen to notice any inaccuracies or idiosyncrasies on this site or in this site's content, please let us know by opening an issue. - -**If you are not the author of the content you're submitting** you are welcome to add your link to the [Curated Knowledge](http://datasciencespecialization.github.io/curated/) page. We've created this page specifically so that you can share data science resources that you've found useful. - -**Otherwise if you *are* the author of the content you're submitting** you should ask yourself the following questions: - -1. Does my contribution teach? -2. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization? -3. Could my contribution be seamlessly integrated into the canonical course materials? - -If you're on the fence about any of these, err on the side of sending a pull request! From 4ed4eadcd01a49bb852e91668e068a6124535c66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sean Kross Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2014 11:53:20 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 015/173] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 49fb18db..9c326a21 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ We've created a [sample pull request](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecializati **If you are not the author of the content you are submitting** you are welcome to add your link to the [Curated Knowledge](http://datasciencespecialization.github.io/curated/) page. We've created this page specifically so that you can share data science resources that you've found useful. -**Otherwise if you *are* the author of the content you're submitting**you should ask yourself the following questions: +**Otherwise if you *are* the author of the content you're submitting** you should ask yourself the following questions: 1. Does my contribution teach? 2. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization? From 29c082fe083ace3be21f610c3f61b3c6259868ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bastiaan Quast Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 11:48:16 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 016/173] add post on ggvis and creating interactive slides using rmarkdown --- ddp.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index bc7941f4..98aacb55 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ permalink: /ddp/ --- - [Slidify to Github walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/25103) +- [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) From 496316d953fd63913eccf6e99ee48c02b6305fab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2014 11:55:23 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 017/173] add dplyr tutorial to Getting and Cleaning Data --- getclean.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index a3e98f60..6b2da69d 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Subsetting example walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/subset) - [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) +- [dplyr Video Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWjqLW-u3hc) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial): An [update](http://blog.rstudio.org/2014/01/17/introducing-dplyr/) to the plyr package, useful for subsetting, sorting, summarizing, and merging data using a more intuitive syntax than plyr or base R. From b424bbf9bbecc2825464644916a4fee32be3a1ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peter Prevos Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 06:33:34 +1000 Subject: [PATCH 018/173] Update getclean.md Added link to website explaining OLAP operations in R very well. --- getclean.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index a3e98f60..3984bbb4 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Subsetting example walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/subset) - [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) +- [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) From 2716decf8009fb3aaa84d63bc9f7c767adbc2013 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lopezrj Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2014 23:13:56 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 019/173] R Programming Site --- rprog.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 430688f2..37f9dbf0 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -7,3 +7,8 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Programming Assignments - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) + + +## R Language + +- [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) \ No newline at end of file From bb9a80b6b305e078fa5768434d428f573e342637 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thoughtfulbloke Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2014 20:53:36 +1200 Subject: [PATCH 020/173] Update getclean.md --- getclean.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 6b2da69d..2211ea77 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Subsetting example walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/subset) - [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) - [dplyr Video Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWjqLW-u3hc) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial): An [update](http://blog.rstudio.org/2014/01/17/introducing-dplyr/) to the plyr package, useful for subsetting, sorting, summarizing, and merging data using a more intuitive syntax than plyr or base R. +- [Downloading files general advice](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/downloadtips) + From eebbee99a32dec99e9a8e86dee53ed10031f8ef5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thoughtfulbloke Date: Thu, 4 Sep 2014 20:33:50 +1200 Subject: [PATCH 021/173] Kite Graph Add kite graph as example of working through new kind of graph --- eda.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index 9133e18d..9933e24f 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ layout: page title: Exploratory Data Analysis permalink: /eda/ --- - +- [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) From 10cf64cb60c5f75d692e768439be8e327c90d9d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Fri, 5 Sep 2014 10:24:49 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 022/173] add links to ISLR videos --- pml.md | 4 ++++ regmod.md | 3 +++ 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index c0407c5d..6ca5b014 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -7,3 +7,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Model Evaluation - [Simple Guide to Confusion Matrix Terminology (sensitivity, specificity, etc.)](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-confusion-matrix-terminology/) + +## Supplementary Videos + +- [Video lectures from "An Introduction to Statistical Learning"](http://www.dataschool.io/15-hours-of-expert-machine-learning-videos/): Videos for Chapters 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 can help to deepen your understanding of the topics presented in this course. diff --git a/regmod.md b/regmod.md index c72eefd1..a18c17c7 100644 --- a/regmod.md +++ b/regmod.md @@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ title: Regression Models permalink: /regmod/ --- +## Supplementary Videos + +- [Video lectures from "An Introduction to Statistical Learning"](http://www.dataschool.io/15-hours-of-expert-machine-learning-videos/): Videos for Chapter 3 can help to deepen your understanding of regression. From d785ae5ee4f4bbc0be6af172ff6e4908d9d70e69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Winston Saunders Date: Sun, 7 Sep 2014 15:56:58 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 023/173] Added link to Exascalar analysis MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Link to my “working” Exacalar page. Been using this data set as an example data set for cleaning and some exploration. --- eda.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index 9933e24f..f72f6c6f 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ title: Exploratory Data Analysis permalink: /eda/ --- - [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) + +- [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis) \ No newline at end of file From f66820e9b51ba9d1438539549404fbb686e6aac0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Sun, 7 Sep 2014 23:23:27 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 024/173] add link to Kaggle blog post --- pml.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index 6ca5b014..891a8e3e 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -11,3 +11,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Supplementary Videos - [Video lectures from "An Introduction to Statistical Learning"](http://www.dataschool.io/15-hours-of-expert-machine-learning-videos/): Videos for Chapters 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 can help to deepen your understanding of the topics presented in this course. + +## Machine Learning Competitions + +- [Participating in Kaggle's Allstate Purchase Prediction Challenge](http://www.dataschool.io/kaggle-allstate-purchase-prediction-challenge/): Description of what it's like to compete in a Kaggle competition, including links to a project paper, R code, presentation slides, and a presentation video. From 7d092bacd38f7a64b503efdbdba90bfe21fd5729 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Tue, 9 Sep 2014 23:18:35 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 025/173] added intalling R packages in Ubuntu --- other.md | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 701275c9..77a0ad02 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ title: Other Resources permalink: /other/ --- -## Troubleshooting +## Configuring R and Rstudio (Linux) - [Installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) +- [Installing Some Basic R Packages in Ubuntu; Ibrahim El Merehbi]( http://elmerehbi.wordpress.com/2014/09/09/installing-some-basic-r-packages-in-ubuntu) + + +## Troubleshooting - [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) From f58a114158b2dd20e8194aba122db431ddbe1e75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Winston Saunders Date: Tue, 9 Sep 2014 16:39:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 026/173] Updated Exascalar Link --- eda.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index f72f6c6f..0ba7d760 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ permalink: /eda/ --- - [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) -- [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis) \ No newline at end of file +- [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) \ No newline at end of file From 6ae448af3f060c5362136f1975e23776f217f624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanimk Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2014 17:44:45 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 027/173] add 2 new git/github links Tow links 1st is a very simple guide to git the 2nd is about how to deal with multiple github accounts on one pc --- curated.md | 6 ++++++ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 755b0733..2838677e 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -7,3 +7,9 @@ permalink: /curated/ ## Analytics - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) + + +### GitHub + +- Git - Simple Guide (http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) +- GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts (http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) From e8b98ee54b2329b25d90717ac3d61b4deaedc5ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanimk Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2014 18:58:49 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 028/173] fix the links markdown fix the links markdown --- curated.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 2838677e..fd998217 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### GitHub -- Git - Simple Guide (http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) -- GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts (http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) +- [Git - Simple Guide] (http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) +- [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts] (http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) From 6a92d14a67e9a56a072ada7b97e922a60e71704a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Arno Gaboury Date: Sun, 14 Sep 2014 10:52:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 029/173] Update curated.md Hadley Wickam (RStudio) article on tidy data. Published in the Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 59, Issue 10, Sep 2014 --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index fd998217..b2c6c1c3 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ ## Analytics - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) +- [Journal of Statical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) ### GitHub From 7f9f47130fd867c2519767b28c31882d70912576 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Winston Date: Fri, 19 Sep 2014 22:49:02 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 030/173] Add data breach analysis Data Breaches is an analysis I did for some stuff I was looking into at work. I did the analysis concurrently with taking the class. --- repres.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 09979e38..759a342a 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) - +- [Trends and severity of Data Breaches] (http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) From efa07e9101fc1b1dc011e9713f4799651ee43642 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2014 18:58:31 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 031/173] fixed typos --- curated.md | 4 ++-- repres.md | 2 +- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index b2c6c1c3..4ca7a288 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### GitHub -- [Git - Simple Guide] (http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) -- [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts] (http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) +- [Git - Simple Guide](http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) +- [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts](http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 759a342a..ead7eac4 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) -- [Trends and severity of Data Breaches] (http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) +- [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) From ccbbc4294df7dc8b41daa7cd0f7f72aed000c19a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kirsten Date: Fri, 26 Sep 2014 19:51:47 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 032/173] added sample codebook using PROPPR --- PROPPR_codebook.md | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) create mode 100644 PROPPR_codebook.md diff --git a/PROPPR_codebook.md b/PROPPR_codebook.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ff80a9dd --- /dev/null +++ b/PROPPR_codebook.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Other sample code book. + +This sample is based on the PROPPR (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01545232?term=PROPPr&rank=1) study of blood component ratios in transfusions in trauma patients. Warning: this is complicated. + +Experimental design and background: Blood is given to trauma patients as blood components: red blood cells, plasma and platelets. This experiment was aimed at seeing if increasing the ratio of red blood cells over that in normal whole blood would lower mortality. There were two treatment groups, normal and increased red cells. Patients were screened at 12 participating hospitals. Randomization was done by per mutated random blocks, stratified by site. + +Raw data: randomization assignment, date and time of admission to the hospital, type of injury, fluids given by EMT/paramedic before admission, hospital, time of blood product administration, lot number of blood product, time of hemostasis achieved, other fluids, pre-existing blood clotting diseases, pre-existing blood clotting inhibitors, date and time of discharge from ICU, date and time of ventilator start and stop, date and time of discharge from hospital and date and time of death (if death occurred within 30 days). + +Processed data: Assignment was converted to treatment group (factor variable), type of injury was coded as a factor penetrating (1) or blunt (0), hospital was coded as a factor (1-12), EMT fluids were binned in 500ml bins, pre-existing clotting diseases were coded as a factor (each assigned a number), pre-existing clotting medications were coded as a factor. Other fluids were binned in 1L bins. Date of discharge from ICU was converted to ICU-free days (out of 30), Ventilator times were converted to ventilator-free days (out of 30), date of discharge was converted to hospital-free days (out of 30). Amount of blood products was summed in two groups, amount given until hemostasis and amount given from hemostasis until 24 hours, these were considered as numeric amounts, these were calculated from summing the blood product lot numbers, sorted by time of administration. Date of death was converted to 24-hour mortality (factor: yes=1 no=0) and 30-day mortality (factor: yes=1, no=0). \ No newline at end of file From 61e2560d9f9df3e58908a42c425775082b7d7493 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kirsten Date: Fri, 26 Sep 2014 20:11:47 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 033/173] added a sample codebook using dogwalking --- Codebook_dogwalking.md | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Codebook_dogwalking.md diff --git a/Codebook_dogwalking.md b/Codebook_dogwalking.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a772071f --- /dev/null +++ b/Codebook_dogwalking.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +I feel the urge to write a sample codebook (for David's FAQ). + +It's very similar to a Statistical Analysis Plan, actually. + +Setup, there is a dogwalking business. It wants to analyze its work. + +Raw data is: name of dog, address of owner, time walked, date walked, size of dog (small, medium, or large), health of dog (well or sick) on that date and time, comments, and pay. + +The business wants to assign ID# to the dogs, and codewords to the address to make this data anonymous. There isn't anything to do to the comments--since free text is all over the place. + +Codebook: +The dog's name was transformed into an IDNumber (unique) (1-50), +the address was transformed into a factor, OwnerName (levels Alice, Bob, Charlie, Deborah, Ernest and Fred), +time and date walked were counted to make WalksPerWeek1, WalksPerWeek2, and WalksPerWeek3. Week1 begins at 00:01UTC on July1, 2014, Week2 begins at 00:01UTC on July8, 2014, Week3 begins at 00:01UTC on July15, 2014. +Health was summarized as HealthWeek1, HealthWeek2, and HealthWeek3. It is a factor with two levels, Well and Sick. If the dog was sick at any walk during that week, dog was marked sick, else dog was marked well. +Dog Size was converted into a factor: Large, Medium and Small are the levels. +Comments are dropped. +Pay is transformed into PayWeek1, PayWeek2, PayWeek3, which is a factor that has two levels (Yes, and No) for correct pay paid during that week. From 01f3215b3311338fead8064fa338bbcb544f52d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yoke Keong Wong Date: Sat, 27 Sep 2014 20:17:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 034/173] added linked to curated knowledge --- curated.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 4ca7a288..2174d935 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -14,3 +14,8 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Git - Simple Guide](http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) - [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts](http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) + +## Further Reading + +- [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References] (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) +- [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained] (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) From 69bcffbeffbd48895acd95a994fdcb639d513141 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kirsten Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2014 18:31:45 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 035/173] Update getclean.md Added link to two gists of codebooks. --- getclean.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 2211ea77..7591c7b6 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) - [dplyr Video Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWjqLW-u3hc) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial): An [update](http://blog.rstudio.org/2014/01/17/introducing-dplyr/) to the plyr package, useful for subsetting, sorting, summarizing, and merging data using a more intuitive syntax than plyr or base R. - [Downloading files general advice](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/downloadtips) - +- [Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/218c36a1938055d0f4e4) +- [Second Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/699abe3e16fd1dc36e5d) From 18a576c2c38d7b5ec32a1c0dd80de60f49f890b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kirsten Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2014 18:53:29 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 036/173] removed two sample files --- Codebook_dogwalking.md | 18 ------------------ PROPPR_codebook.md | 9 --------- 2 files changed, 27 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Codebook_dogwalking.md delete mode 100644 PROPPR_codebook.md diff --git a/Codebook_dogwalking.md b/Codebook_dogwalking.md deleted file mode 100644 index a772071f..00000000 --- a/Codebook_dogwalking.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -I feel the urge to write a sample codebook (for David's FAQ). - -It's very similar to a Statistical Analysis Plan, actually. - -Setup, there is a dogwalking business. It wants to analyze its work. - -Raw data is: name of dog, address of owner, time walked, date walked, size of dog (small, medium, or large), health of dog (well or sick) on that date and time, comments, and pay. - -The business wants to assign ID# to the dogs, and codewords to the address to make this data anonymous. There isn't anything to do to the comments--since free text is all over the place. - -Codebook: -The dog's name was transformed into an IDNumber (unique) (1-50), -the address was transformed into a factor, OwnerName (levels Alice, Bob, Charlie, Deborah, Ernest and Fred), -time and date walked were counted to make WalksPerWeek1, WalksPerWeek2, and WalksPerWeek3. Week1 begins at 00:01UTC on July1, 2014, Week2 begins at 00:01UTC on July8, 2014, Week3 begins at 00:01UTC on July15, 2014. -Health was summarized as HealthWeek1, HealthWeek2, and HealthWeek3. It is a factor with two levels, Well and Sick. If the dog was sick at any walk during that week, dog was marked sick, else dog was marked well. -Dog Size was converted into a factor: Large, Medium and Small are the levels. -Comments are dropped. -Pay is transformed into PayWeek1, PayWeek2, PayWeek3, which is a factor that has two levels (Yes, and No) for correct pay paid during that week. diff --git a/PROPPR_codebook.md b/PROPPR_codebook.md deleted file mode 100644 index ff80a9dd..00000000 --- a/PROPPR_codebook.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -Other sample code book. - -This sample is based on the PROPPR (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01545232?term=PROPPr&rank=1) study of blood component ratios in transfusions in trauma patients. Warning: this is complicated. - -Experimental design and background: Blood is given to trauma patients as blood components: red blood cells, plasma and platelets. This experiment was aimed at seeing if increasing the ratio of red blood cells over that in normal whole blood would lower mortality. There were two treatment groups, normal and increased red cells. Patients were screened at 12 participating hospitals. Randomization was done by per mutated random blocks, stratified by site. - -Raw data: randomization assignment, date and time of admission to the hospital, type of injury, fluids given by EMT/paramedic before admission, hospital, time of blood product administration, lot number of blood product, time of hemostasis achieved, other fluids, pre-existing blood clotting diseases, pre-existing blood clotting inhibitors, date and time of discharge from ICU, date and time of ventilator start and stop, date and time of discharge from hospital and date and time of death (if death occurred within 30 days). - -Processed data: Assignment was converted to treatment group (factor variable), type of injury was coded as a factor penetrating (1) or blunt (0), hospital was coded as a factor (1-12), EMT fluids were binned in 500ml bins, pre-existing clotting diseases were coded as a factor (each assigned a number), pre-existing clotting medications were coded as a factor. Other fluids were binned in 1L bins. Date of discharge from ICU was converted to ICU-free days (out of 30), Ventilator times were converted to ventilator-free days (out of 30), date of discharge was converted to hospital-free days (out of 30). Amount of blood products was summed in two groups, amount given until hemostasis and amount given from hemostasis until 24 hours, these were considered as numeric amounts, these were calculated from summing the blood product lot numbers, sorted by time of administration. Date of death was converted to 24-hour mortality (factor: yes=1 no=0) and 30-day mortality (factor: yes=1, no=0). \ No newline at end of file From fabc666dab4c0b617838db4841d1a048e8b3ee87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2014 10:31:12 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 037/173] fixed formatting typos --- curated.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 2174d935..97df7d61 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ permalink: /curated/ ## Further Reading -- [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References] (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) -- [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained] (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) +- [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) +- [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) From d3d606c1f7c8f5e1a31aa013bc046f03722812ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: marcmtk Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2014 19:07:40 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 038/173] Update curated.md Fixed a typo --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 97df7d61..df9527ef 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ ## Analytics - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) -- [Journal of Statical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) +- [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) ### GitHub From 3090ff6ea7731c638cf5aef9bf251b140b3a548c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: schnee Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2014 08:46:48 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 039/173] Update getclean.md added query string unrolling --- getclean.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 2211ea77..8edeaa94 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) - [dplyr Video Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWjqLW-u3hc) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial): An [update](http://blog.rstudio.org/2014/01/17/introducing-dplyr/) to the plyr package, useful for subsetting, sorting, summarizing, and merging data using a more intuitive syntax than plyr or base R. - [Downloading files general advice](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/downloadtips) +- [Query string (and other fields-within-fields) unrolling](http://rpubs.com/schnee/32988) From e483f01419fb1a34bd09c8e2095ca4db831d63a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Simon Yang Date: Sat, 11 Oct 2014 22:03:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 040/173] add link to curated knowledge --- curated.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index df9527ef..b0caa226 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) - [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) +### Command Line + +- [explainshell.com - match command-line arguments to their help text](http://explainshell.com/) ### GitHub From 9509d5634ac363f209ae3abc516691be3139be07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: queirozfcom Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 00:11:00 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 041/173] added link to prebuilt virtual machine --- other.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 77a0ad02..0bc7ce37 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ permalink: /other/ ## Troubleshooting - [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) + +## Pre-built virtual machines for R development. +- [Here's a pre-built lightweight Linux machine with R and Rstudio already installed](https://github.com/queirozfcom/r-box). You just need to install [vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html), download (or clone) the github repository and you'll get a clean ubuntu machine with the tools you'll need for the assignments. From ab809639af0e60cf1f4574ecebd7945865d839ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2014 13:44:55 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 042/173] added other virtual machines --- other.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 0bc7ce37..7c8052cf 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -15,3 +15,7 @@ permalink: /other/ ## Pre-built virtual machines for R development. - [Here's a pre-built lightweight Linux machine with R and Rstudio already installed](https://github.com/queirozfcom/r-box). You just need to install [vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html), download (or clone) the github repository and you'll get a clean ubuntu machine with the tools you'll need for the assignments. + +- [Data Science Appliance](http://datascienceappliance.com/) - A perfectly provisioned virtual machine for data scientists. + +- [Data Science Toolbox](http://datasciencetoolbox.org/) - A virtual environment that allows you to start doing data science in a matter of minutes. \ No newline at end of file From 4a2c406582b9739408e56a136d704e9fb6b3ffd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Tyler Rollins Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 05:00:09 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 043/173] Update curated.md --- curated.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index b0caa226..d5ecdc14 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -12,12 +12,16 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Command Line - [explainshell.com - match command-line arguments to their help text](http://explainshell.com/) +- [The Command Line Crash Course - Quick course in using the command line](http://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/) ### GitHub +- [Official Git Tutorial](http://git-scm.com/docs/gittutorial) - [Git - Simple Guide](http://rogerdudler.github.io/git-guide/) +- [Git Immersion - A guided tour through the fundamentals of Git](http://gitimmersion.com/) - [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts](http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) + ## Further Reading - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) From 5226adfa2b7d92a484f824b0fad53319f2d02ce1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kirsten Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2014 17:46:03 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 044/173] cleaned up merge text --- getclean.md | 4 ---- 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 04aca7bc..380a0515 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -8,10 +8,6 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) - [dplyr Video Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWjqLW-u3hc) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial): An [update](http://blog.rstudio.org/2014/01/17/introducing-dplyr/) to the plyr package, useful for subsetting, sorting, summarizing, and merging data using a more intuitive syntax than plyr or base R. - [Downloading files general advice](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/downloadtips) -<<<<<<< HEAD - [Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/218c36a1938055d0f4e4) - [Second Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/699abe3e16fd1dc36e5d) -======= - [Query string (and other fields-within-fields) unrolling](http://rpubs.com/schnee/32988) - ->>>>>>> 89a253d761447641cb7a05338057d73a26a5959d From 809825054f0edb4e2e6340a61e8c699efeae1e4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexis Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2014 23:32:04 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 045/173] Added DSC link. --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index d5ecdc14..0adfe77c 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -26,3 +26,4 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) - [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) +- [Data Science Central : a great repository of news and resources for data science practitioners.](http://www.datasciencecentral.com/) From 3278504da84c372d94e4f9754891bd050d1565c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexis Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2014 23:44:06 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 046/173] Update curated.md --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 0adfe77c..61af0e4f 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) - [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) -- [Data Science Central : a great repository of news and resources for data science practitioners.](http://www.datasciencecentral.com/) +- [Data Science Central : a great repository of news and resources for data science practitioners.](http://www.datasciencecentral.com) From a179c2bf00617566fef8ce920f070ab55f58a885 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yogeshwar Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2014 10:13:20 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 047/173] Create Networking --- Networking | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 Networking diff --git a/Networking b/Networking new file mode 100644 index 00000000..587be6b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Networking @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +x From d314029912cafdf5cc165666439315e08e5381ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yogeshwar Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2014 10:21:21 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 048/173] Added networking field. --- Networking | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/Networking b/Networking index 587be6b4..ec81cfae 100644 --- a/Networking +++ b/Networking @@ -1 +1 @@ -x +###[LinkedIn Data Science Specialisation Group](https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Coursera-Specialization-Data-Science-7495000?home=&gid=7495000&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%2Egmp_7495000)### From 28b2bda037758e631a84d8cc521c73fcb7cca391 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Sat, 8 Nov 2014 15:39:29 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 049/173] added group pages to curated section --- Networking | 1 - curated.md | 6 +++++- index.md | 2 +- 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Networking diff --git a/Networking b/Networking deleted file mode 100644 index ec81cfae..00000000 --- a/Networking +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -###[LinkedIn Data Science Specialisation Group](https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Coursera-Specialization-Data-Science-7495000?home=&gid=7495000&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%2Egmp_7495000)### diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 61af0e4f..1158788f 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ title: Curated Knowledge permalink: /curated/ --- -## Analytics +### Analytics - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) - [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) @@ -27,3 +27,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) - [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) - [Data Science Central : a great repository of news and resources for data science practitioners.](http://www.datasciencecentral.com) + +### Data Science Groups, Meetups, and Networking + +- [LinkedIn Data Science Specialisation Group](https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Coursera-Specialization-Data-Science-7495000?home=&gid=7495000&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%2Egmp_7495000) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.md b/index.md index 26c7f5a7..6c035e70 100644 --- a/index.md +++ b/index.md @@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ interested in contributing [click here](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecializa 9. [Developing Data Products](/ddp/) - [Other Resources](/other/) -- [Curated Knowledge](/curated/) +- [Curated Pages](/curated/) From 144a3421ba47f961011237b104ffed7374aed1f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2014 01:16:54 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 050/173] delete .Rhistory --- .Rhistory | 0 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 .Rhistory diff --git a/.Rhistory b/.Rhistory new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b From 64c256c494d7f135c76caea0e96a27fb649d5ceb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2014 11:40:54 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 051/173] added md live demo link --- repres.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index ead7eac4..f534425c 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) -- [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) +- [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) +- [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) \ No newline at end of file From 6aa86422ce99360822814006310e5766f20c8dbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2014 11:41:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 052/173] added reference books --- statinf.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index fb8017ab..dbc4ca5f 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -4,3 +4,8 @@ title: Statistical Inference permalink: /statinf/ --- +## Reference Books +- [OpenIntro textbook](https://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php) +- [Statlect - The digital textbook on probability and statistics](http://www.statlect.com/) +- [An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R](http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~gareth/ISL/) [[PDF, 4th printing]](http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~gareth/ISL/ISLR%20Fourth%20Printing.pdf) +- [The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction](http://statweb.stanford.edu/~tibs/ElemStatLearn/) [[PDF, 10th ed]](http://statweb.stanford.edu/~tibs/ElemStatLearn/printings/ESLII_print10.pdf) \ No newline at end of file From 0838cf568a073051c4362db56d6a1bc613bb46fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2014 18:03:05 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 053/173] organized links --- .Rhistory | 0 curated.md | 12 ++++++++++-- repres.md | 3 +-- statinf.md | 6 ------ 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 .Rhistory diff --git a/.Rhistory b/.Rhistory deleted file mode 100644 index e69de29b..00000000 diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 1158788f..baba9093 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ --- layout: page -title: Curated Knowledge +title: Curated Pages permalink: /curated/ --- @@ -21,8 +21,16 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Git Immersion - A guided tour through the fundamentals of Git](http://gitimmersion.com/) - [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts](http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) +### Reproducible Research +- [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) -## Further Reading +### Textbooks +- [OpenIntro textbook](https://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php) +- [Statlect - The digital textbook on probability and statistics](http://www.statlect.com/) +- [An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R](http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~gareth/ISL/) [[PDF, 4th printing]](http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~gareth/ISL/ISLR%20Fourth%20Printing.pdf) +- [The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction](http://statweb.stanford.edu/~tibs/ElemStatLearn/) [[PDF, 10th ed]](http://statweb.stanford.edu/~tibs/ElemStatLearn/printings/ESLII_print10.pdf) + +### Further Reading - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) - [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index f534425c..ead7eac4 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -6,5 +6,4 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) -- [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) -- [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) \ No newline at end of file +- [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index dbc4ca5f..51014339 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -3,9 +3,3 @@ layout: page title: Statistical Inference permalink: /statinf/ --- - -## Reference Books -- [OpenIntro textbook](https://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php) -- [Statlect - The digital textbook on probability and statistics](http://www.statlect.com/) -- [An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R](http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~gareth/ISL/) [[PDF, 4th printing]](http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~gareth/ISL/ISLR%20Fourth%20Printing.pdf) -- [The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction](http://statweb.stanford.edu/~tibs/ElemStatLearn/) [[PDF, 10th ed]](http://statweb.stanford.edu/~tibs/ElemStatLearn/printings/ESLII_print10.pdf) \ No newline at end of file From 7b12d45907e24004e034b222e820604d18b5547b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2014 01:03:30 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 054/173] add ROC links to Practical Machine Learning page --- pml.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index 891a8e3e..dd7974f2 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Model Evaluation - [Simple Guide to Confusion Matrix Terminology (sensitivity, specificity, etc.)](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-confusion-matrix-terminology/) +- ROC curves and Area Under the Curve explained: [video tutorial](http://youtu.be/OAl6eAyP-yo), [companion blog post](http://www.dataschool.io/roc-curves-and-auc-explained/) (with video transcript and screenshots) ## Supplementary Videos From 1393311ef1a6e8746ccf938c08e6286e7f65dad4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Sat, 6 Dec 2014 02:22:38 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 055/173] added links on RStudio projects & gitignore --- other.md | 11 ++++++++--- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 7c8052cf..cbb86960 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -4,17 +4,22 @@ title: Other Resources permalink: /other/ --- -## Configuring R and Rstudio (Linux) +## Configuring R and RStudio (Linux) - [Installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) -- [Installing Some Basic R Packages in Ubuntu; Ibrahim El Merehbi]( http://elmerehbi.wordpress.com/2014/09/09/installing-some-basic-r-packages-in-ubuntu) +- [Installing Some Basic R Packages in Ubuntu; Ibrahim El Merehbi](http://elmerehbi.wordpress.com/2014/09/09/installing-some-basic-r-packages-in-ubuntu) +- [Using Projects in RStudio](https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200526207-Using-Projects) +- [Using Version Control with RStudio](https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200532077-Version-Control-with-Git-and-SVN) +### Ignoring R & RStudio files +- [gitignore template for R](https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/R.gitignore) (source:[gitignore](https://github.com/github/gitignore)) +- [Github Help - Using Git / Ignoring files](https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/) ## Troubleshooting - [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) ## Pre-built virtual machines for R development. -- [Here's a pre-built lightweight Linux machine with R and Rstudio already installed](https://github.com/queirozfcom/r-box). You just need to install [vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html), download (or clone) the github repository and you'll get a clean ubuntu machine with the tools you'll need for the assignments. +- [Here's a pre-built lightweight Linux machine with R and RStudio already installed](https://github.com/queirozfcom/r-box). You just need to install [vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html), download (or clone) the github repository and you'll get a clean ubuntu machine with the tools you'll need for the assignments. - [Data Science Appliance](http://datascienceappliance.com/) - A perfectly provisioned virtual machine for data scientists. From 536ca1434da1f451b032ac86f18abeb2a182c6a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Sat, 6 Dec 2014 02:24:22 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 056/173] added '.Rhistory' to '.gitignore' --- .gitignore | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 9263a1ed..058dd6c2 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ _site .DS_Store +.Rhistory From 6b88fdb86c720c2194cd5462ebb1655c3979bf27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Edward ODonnell Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2014 08:41:22 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 057/173] Added link to Shiny 401K simulator --- ddp.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 98aacb55..6ac931ea 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [Slidify to Github walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/25103) - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) +- [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) From 162158d007f0e838fe1c282ecc2633baecda6b27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: peperomia Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 10:15:58 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 058/173] Create lubridate --- lubridate | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 lubridate diff --git a/lubridate b/lubridate new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fc01d475 --- /dev/null +++ b/lubridate @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[lubridate](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) From c7f2aa23e97f846866698c599f828f4e69a51871 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yoke Keong Wong Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 22:37:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 059/173] added data science ontology link and corrected typos --- curated.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index baba9093..3a0f8d06 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -33,8 +33,9 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Further Reading - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) -- [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analtyics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) +- [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analytics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) - [Data Science Central : a great repository of news and resources for data science practitioners.](http://www.datasciencecentral.com) +- [Data Science Ontology - A visualized overview of Data Science concepts and views](http://datascienceontology.com/) ### Data Science Groups, Meetups, and Networking From b0312e09eb05de18851f4f099b68492d427cc0e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yoke Keong Wong Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 22:39:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 060/173] added data science ontology link and corrected typos --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 3a0f8d06..00f4ff8b 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) - [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analytics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) - [Data Science Central : a great repository of news and resources for data science practitioners.](http://www.datasciencecentral.com) -- [Data Science Ontology - A visualized overview of Data Science concepts and views](http://datascienceontology.com/) +- [Data Science Ontology - A visualized overview of Data Science concepts and tools](http://datascienceontology.com/) ### Data Science Groups, Meetups, and Networking From 7329b5f0d08f6987f4c0a4ac8ea20fa027c86696 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Boles=C5=82aw=20Tekielski?= Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 22:58:23 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 061/173] Added Virtual machine with RStudio server and github setup in other resources section --- other.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index cbb86960..bb521d05 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -23,4 +23,6 @@ permalink: /other/ - [Data Science Appliance](http://datascienceappliance.com/) - A perfectly provisioned virtual machine for data scientists. -- [Data Science Toolbox](http://datasciencetoolbox.org/) - A virtual environment that allows you to start doing data science in a matter of minutes. \ No newline at end of file +- [Data Science Toolbox](http://datasciencetoolbox.org/) - A virtual environment that allows you to start doing data science in a matter of minutes. + +- [Virtual machine with RStudio server and github setup](https://github.com/tboloo/vagrant-rstudio) - A VirtualBox, Vagrant & chef-solo managed virtual machine which provides RStudio server with git & github setup \ No newline at end of file From a787948dfb0867a159f4b242307e8fdef4659b2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Felipe Balbi Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 21:12:20 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 062/173] Add link to Code School's Try Git Anybody looking for an easy to use/follow git crash course, can use Code School's Try Git course. The entire course is free and online. Signed-off-by: Felipe Balbi --- toolbox.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index 67cb050f..15f75c34 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ - [A Beginner's Quick Reference Guide for Git Commands](http://www.dataschool.io/git-quick-reference-for-beginners/) - [Understanding the Relationship Between Git and GitHub](http://www.dataschool.io/github-is-just-dropbox-for-git/) - [Simple Guide to GitHub Forks](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-forks-in-github-and-git/) +- [Try Git](http://trygit.codeschool.com/) From 026efa68a399beae396957a039e6125ea8bb491d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Felipe Balbi Date: Wed, 7 Jan 2015 21:14:33 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 063/173] Add link to Code School's Try R free course Much like Try Git, Try R is a free, online crash course on the R language. Very helpful. Signed-off-by: Felipe Balbi --- rprog.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 37f9dbf0..e6734d8d 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## R Language -- [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) \ No newline at end of file +- [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) +- [Try R](http://tryr.codeschool.com/) From b4198e64618e10c065ba469cdae1e33a9c0aac02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: startupjing Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2015 20:26:34 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 064/173] r language cheatsheet --- rprog.md | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 37f9dbf0..b580b764 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -11,4 +11,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## R Language -- [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) \ No newline at end of file +- [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) + +## R language cheatsheet +- [R cheatsheet covering all lectures](https://github.com/startupjing/Tech_Notes/blob/master/R/R_language.md) \ No newline at end of file From 72c570cf7baadec0b9ed70dfc919fa12534fcafc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Thu, 8 Jan 2015 23:57:44 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 065/173] added lubridate info --- curated.md | 2 ++ lubridate | 1 - 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) delete mode 100644 lubridate diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 349670ef..632b9db3 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ permalink: /curated/ # R - [Try R](http://tryr.codeschool.com/) +- [The Lubridate Package](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) + ### GitHub diff --git a/lubridate b/lubridate deleted file mode 100644 index fc01d475..00000000 --- a/lubridate +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -[lubridate](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) From 432a746b540d1a0f313e9273ef70fb67798931f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ian Sweet Date: Tue, 13 Jan 2015 16:41:31 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 066/173] Fixed 'R' header to match others --- curated.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 632b9db3..415ac47e 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [explainshell.com - match command-line arguments to their help text](http://explainshell.com/) - [The Command Line Crash Course - Quick course in using the command line](http://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/) -# R +### R - [Try R](http://tryr.codeschool.com/) - [The Lubridate Package](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) @@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Data Science Groups, Meetups, and Networking -- [LinkedIn Data Science Specialisation Group](https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Coursera-Specialization-Data-Science-7495000?home=&gid=7495000&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%2Egmp_7495000) \ No newline at end of file +- [LinkedIn Data Science Specialisation Group](https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Coursera-Specialization-Data-Science-7495000?home=&gid=7495000&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%2Egmp_7495000) From 4c05b3df5e78c68f8937f7b48d52c58490af1bd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: snagargoje Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 00:46:27 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 067/173] Add Google Developers R Programming Video Lectures Adding the references of very good video tutorials available out there to learn R. --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 415ac47e..28590547 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Try R](http://tryr.codeschool.com/) - [The Lubridate Package](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) +- [Google Developers R Programming Video Lectures] (http://www.r-bloggers.com/google-developers-r-programming-video-lectures/) ### GitHub From 9c976238a41d9a500a92f741fd5b624784f2d80e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2015 19:38:14 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 068/173] fixed extra space --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 28590547..f6cbd626 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Try R](http://tryr.codeschool.com/) - [The Lubridate Package](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) -- [Google Developers R Programming Video Lectures] (http://www.r-bloggers.com/google-developers-r-programming-video-lectures/) +- [Google Developers R Programming Video Lectures](http://www.r-bloggers.com/google-developers-r-programming-video-lectures/) ### GitHub From a07fa2c4b46abce14ab06e26918f8b2a7ac44651 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: aagarw30 Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2015 22:49:12 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 069/173] RShiny Youtube Video Tutorials --- RShiny Video Tutorial | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 RShiny Video Tutorial diff --git a/RShiny Video Tutorial b/RShiny Video Tutorial new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a2fc647d --- /dev/null +++ b/RShiny Video Tutorial @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB From e633e9e75c3cc9f60dfab9ca06a35c806c97b606 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 01:22:28 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 070/173] added shiny playlist --- RShiny Video Tutorial | 1 - ddp.md | 1 + 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) delete mode 100644 RShiny Video Tutorial diff --git a/RShiny Video Tutorial b/RShiny Video Tutorial deleted file mode 100644 index a2fc647d..00000000 --- a/RShiny Video Tutorial +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 6ac931ea..b3d009e2 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [Slidify to Github walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/25103) - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) +- [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) From 92e88990d33dd91838014888e2a56e2ea28e7dfe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alan C Bonnici Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 13:38:31 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 071/173] Added github tutorial --- README.html | 102 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ toolbox.md | 1 + 2 files changed, 103 insertions(+) create mode 100644 README.html diff --git a/README.html b/README.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..99239569 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.html @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+

DSS Community Site

+

Since the beginning of the Data Science Specialization we’ve noticed the unbelievable passion students have about our courses and the generosity they show toward each other on the course forums. A couple students have created quality content around the subjects we discuss, and many of these materials are so good we feel that they should be shared with all of our students. This site is meant to serve as a central directory for community created content.

+
+

Contributing

+

If you’ve created a web page, video, sideshow, or any other kind of media you think should be shared through this directory you should:

+
    +
  1. Fork this repository.
    2. +
  2. Add a link to your content on the appropriate course page.
    3. +
  3. Commit your changes.
    4. +
  4. Submit a pull request.
    5. +
+

We’ve created a sample pull request to show you what we would like to see in a pull request. If we think your creation is well made, informative, and adds something new to this repository of content then we’ll merge your request and add you to our list of contributors. If you happen to notice any inaccuracies or idiosyncrasies on this site or in this site’s content, please let us know by opening an issue.

+

If you are not the author of the content you are submitting you are welcome to add your link to the Curated Knowledge page. We’ve created this page specifically so that you can share data science resources that you’ve found useful.

+

Otherwise if you are the author of the content you’re submitting you should ask yourself the following questions:

+
    +
  1. Does my contribution teach?
    2. +
  2. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization?
    3. +
  3. Could my contribution be seamlessly integrated into the canonical course materials?
    4. +
+

If you’re on the fence about any of these, err on the side of sending a pull request!

+
+
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index 67cb050f..2f9a8134 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ - [A Beginner's Quick Reference Guide for Git Commands](http://www.dataschool.io/git-quick-reference-for-beginners/) - [Understanding the Relationship Between Git and GitHub](http://www.dataschool.io/github-is-just-dropbox-for-git/) - [Simple Guide to GitHub Forks](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-forks-in-github-and-git/) +- [Github Repo Tutorial How to fork a repo, download it to your local drive and commit changes ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY94AIplcaU) From d36bfbd1d90977781e06f22bff9f521fba5f6fe5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lon Riesberg Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2015 16:04:18 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 072/173] Added link to Data Elixir under Further Reading --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index f6cbd626..67da2130 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Further Reading +- [Data Elixir - Free weekly newsletter of the best data-related resources and inspirations from around the web.](http://dataelixir.com/?referred=true) - [Linkedin - Top 10 Big Data and Analytics References](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140810194033-111366377-top-10-big-data-and-analytics-references) - [Linkedin - Let's Get Nerdy: Data Analytics for Business Leaders Explained](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/article/20140918162814-111366377-let-s-get-nerdy-data-analytics-for-business-leaders-explained) - [Data Science Central : a great repository of news and resources for data science practitioners.](http://www.datasciencecentral.com) From b5e83a8f71beb703503fd77daa8cbeee2ce27236 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: clyph Date: Tue, 20 Jan 2015 21:24:06 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 073/173] initial commit --- rprog.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index a26c6ee9..0a32f0b2 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Programming Assignments - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) +- [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) ## R Language From 709cb7e11c6d3bb2f447cc109d866f6e8a08e4ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: clyph Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2015 22:16:45 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 074/173] added pa1test link --- rprog.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 0a32f0b2..082f8ff5 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Programming Assignments -- [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) +- [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) +- [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) From 2e0a6cd5ec7ed779b91ed281549b012cdec2393e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: scottwdavidson Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2015 19:45:55 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 075/173] Update README.md Fixed humorous typo, "sideshow" instead of "slideshow" :-) --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 9c326a21..83b0568d 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Since the beginning of the Data Science Specialization we've noticed the unbelie ## Contributing -If you've created a web page, video, sideshow, or any other kind of media you think should be shared through this directory you should: +If you've created a web page, video, slideshow, or any other kind of media you think should be shared through this directory you should: 1. Fork this repository. 2. Add a link to your content on the appropriate course page. From d8773094c95deecae8103ccfc913b4daa7d7de2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bill Seliger Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 00:07:28 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 076/173] Choropleth maps of sum of PM2.5 by county for each of the 4 years of data given in the Exploratory Data Analysis Project 2. --- ChorMap.md | 155 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png | Bin 0 -> 11082 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png | Bin 0 -> 11923 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png | Bin 0 -> 13371 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png | Bin 0 -> 13353 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png | Bin 0 -> 13015 bytes 6 files changed, 155 insertions(+) create mode 100644 ChorMap.md create mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png create mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png create mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png create mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png create mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png diff --git a/ChorMap.md b/ChorMap.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ae490985 --- /dev/null +++ b/ChorMap.md @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +--- +title: "Choropleth Map for PM2.5 Emissions Data" +author: "BillSeliger" +date: "Saturday, January 31, 2015" +output: html_document +--- +I have a high interest in mapping geospatial data and wanted to work with the data from the Exploratory Data Analysis Project 2 further so I created this additonal code which creates a Choropleth, a type of heat map, based on the total PM2.5 Emissions by each FIPS county. For more information on FIPS county code see this page + +The original Course Project is here - + +This is almost entirely drawn from the code of others found on the internet - many different sources contributed. + +First, I check to see if the data is loaded to R and if not, I set the working directory and read in the data. Because this data is in RDS format we use the readRDS function: + + +```r + if(!exists("NEI")) { + print("Reading NEI file") + setwd("C:/Users/rr046302/Documents/Bill's Stuff/Coursera/Exploratory Data Analysis/Project 2") + NEI <- readRDS("summarySCC_PM25.rds") + setwd("C:/Users/rr046302/Documents/Bill's Stuff/Coursera/Reproducible Research/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io") + } +``` + +Next I require several R packages - require checkes to see if the packages are loaded and if not loads them: + + +```r + require(maps) + require(ggmap) + require(doBy) +``` + +Next I set the color for the color bands - here I have chosen a set of magenta colors to indicate that the Emissions is a measure of a deleterious substance in the environment: + + +```r +colors = c("#F1EEF6", "#D4B9DA", "#C994C7", "#DF65B0", "#DD1C77", + "#980043") +``` + +Using the doBy package I summarize Emissions by fips and year, using the FUNction sum: + +```r + fipssum <- summaryBy(Emissions ~fips + year, data = NEI, keep.names = TRUE, FUN = sum) +``` + +Usign the cut and breaks function I cut the Emissions sum into 6 equal parts. Note that I do this prior to filtering on the year as I want all 4 years to use the same color buckets so that the comparisons across all 4 years are appropriate: + +```r + fipssum$colorBuckets <- cut(fipssum$Emissions, breaks=c(quantile(fipssum$Emissions, probs = seq(0, 1, by = 0.2))), + labels=c(1,2,3,4,5), include.lowest=TRUE) +``` + +We'll start with the data for 1999 (you can fork the repo on Github that has the following code set up as a function): + +```r +NEIyear <- 1999 +``` + +And filter on year: + +```r + year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) +``` + +I create an object of the colorBuckets that will be used for setting colors when I make the plot + +```r + colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets +``` + +A title is created using the NEIyear that was called by the user in the function call: + +```r + title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) +``` + +The penultimate step is to create the plot: + +```r + windows() + map("county") +``` + +![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-10](figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png) + +```r + map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, + lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") + title(title) + leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") + legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) +``` + +![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-10](figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png) + +We'll run it again for 2002 data: + +```r +NEIyear <- 2002 + year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) + colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets + title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) + map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, + lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") + title(title) + leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") + legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) +``` + +![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-11](figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png) + +And again for 2005 data: + +```r +NEIyear <- 2005 + year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) + colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets + title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) + map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, + lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") + title(title) + leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") + legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) +``` + +![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-12](figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png) + +And finally for 2008 data: + +```r +NEIyear <- 2008 + year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) + colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets + title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) + map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, + lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") + title(title) + leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") + legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) +``` + +![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-13](figure/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png) + +Lastly, because this was a function and the dataset exists within the function environment I check to see if the dataset is in the global environment; if it is not I assign the NEI object to the global environment: + +```r +if(!exists("NEI")) { + print("Assigning NEI to Global Environment") + assign("NEI", NEI, envir=globalenv()) +} +``` + +This code is avaialble in a Github repo as a function. Find the repo here diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4804571b1336dfcbea58b6aa8fdb3107b6c1f43f GIT binary patch literal 11082 zcmeHt=QkV<6Yj26qORV%h!!<^uzE{`=)FeoEf%Y--hxOFWf4Mz=%TY5y^9hNZS~F~ zSpELq|Ki?r?uVIq&dhvzX3m`X@FeQJ(jX;bBmw{cq*|J)`TzhB`#*aG`Y)4l0oM61 z5bC`&RJ*&s`w#x-A3DXt{zISu{Z|GL4}iI0Ql0|3O7|1;p!Qur+Zzz)z- zRWgL;9~LBMt!sZ%6~2AYSdl2lRaMl^vixx%l(1Vb$Y(Q5n!#ss`RQT$^^3ceasrX- z6nvNgDYlFeqa%UNb3;naMtXk(t{8&4D*k`r|0YVTRTbo8bX}0iWY{c9Ppx|y%xShb zTGusC0J4$nOSENRJZAuc(>=CX3Z0Pn`f*3+lu%9zJ)xDgh~eF`c$}Rv)ysiBRVtnN z>*+`Ud)Ebw&<+-8l%;$aLc2fC2iZKeB~-Y%;DEX-^}7F!u=58i$l3^a8c{nY}b_;nkpqQh@mLZJZpvv7r! z%5y{A<6;{hmw#u`(Z>fne@y=QS&y>8_$&HjL*`sMJ@7`!^XWhtcw?dg0z&vlcHC1! z5q_Fd{*KSDr0s`MWLQ7H@}>?^H1*A_cS&r} z)|cgENFKlrT}7kM7rCAHTjGx>v{bAl5KFr?JN(!jfidRcSS!qej7HONV~$5l&WOgZ z+elPa<{C}s1_`!1{%(U#+V%HuC*Bd65wx9*-s_h~=$Ch8waHRAX+0a9d@m0=pj8J# zr$-JEE8B<^5B0x zA@(BMUG=H0BhMP;4N;%4fP3;dz6+ne$q%OUpKw@5sE^~eH7ej+gGrpb21j!zSl%w; z_O@W_ul_W0@xj=EhA$mQ*?d1Sg(EE*d{q|g-}I#Txvh5nh}Pu=ud^_8UlNI`+O3cu24ZHr zhaU$k_faM+l-BZxDMM$&%%y*F@m+jGZ7xkU@VN2xHM!xf=hI zM8V#Uly&Qa_Y33r{Lf!z$ebP}XD@uG{d zNl)0XX%#N~1mR2pvd)&_rIVh=&6>PXE`HH_5U1VO9K~HMa%3-!_EU~`>SxPkrsZCU z#Pvzz2w9c#a0ZPPaQa-6%OOld?T6?~Y@|dM)42gFQoW~wpBa*n@+Mc5(0Ih%`;;KH z!FM~}m{QYu5mO5bXF0gx82~oq457JyiC)hw>|+`>67%mSWj$vy`cX&!4jf1-x1k(K zcOZAwwV|GsNc<$qT}$kjTA!b#>3U%9=Z-pXhX{P;Sy}f+Uh--vb+?f|QUH8os%v&P zK{)ufSZp$gQAO(|Z*x<|+Shls^OK1ADx|?Fr*{BDV}hE8X^5i=$OI~I9qZ7y?~cl( z;2+hE0pa7fxX-^A)MrJO{~O~f3Td^&x4|{qO}Eu@YZ~RfRd=eZtCYII@3XOOc#b3( zrHj5~{eFB18@`B%QR#*U*>6(QjhiB#8yNFt~eSvka&-im@ZHYxK& zz)jNMa|#IBZlz7OJ2s4ltMRb*7Zc%h2Jzcxioe+2mA=L;QXzTcH}l$1ix7N%aF~rw z^R~cbtvz{`A68(q?)ukf+~0&|Z<*$41HHRzt7-o`P}O_G`H$}fM${pQ&94zeBJ^Sx z$AZDUv(MYu>-BEe^x4;glQ=1D2$n$%XZ*TuyVTpdOF3)LvV!@b;FqrvVlX!<&G|=o z^x`d###Kr!CG&GQYWueh)kzy%?^HALjK9|_83RDQ6Ng;J_$9(pfjcHP#j=)Dsc$n2y=sDq@WYJQJu7Aq! z$GZ-960AQAud6m+A}E#w z)yhLZ-9%>p9V=|AHVymXEPk){FO2y*DPs3{I ztX7`@$lFf9rTdsWf9evVUiZTlkI`+U0nXGW`MQ z!&4FeF`3!L-|svk&^EIWJx}C!13nW>b%^rO5Y) zmioqa{2h1*;9E}?zClsSm90p+j=zVEcxR5=6~;3ZHstFA{d1!}r08m7Y;@^RcYHXq z(T7~AzaolDSr0a^ob(&BpPIrpVCpBNrJdY4bB>|sDF$K>BjBu zTA@OlJo8s4?-3DlmnI7)nG2L$FCgA%wvFm@KJ8$xo7o$FxhOE|ch}UvAjVvKJzX!k z^ZU~d4h-2osQx)t0?L;B)tZcdX7^#wDE%@o{83jwVR5mid?TA6p$_h{TRq8UPiJRG zA-hoh*;a77Pu%UFAr9lw_0n4fP65@m{oosw%JIxL5>|XD4r~ajO3h}puGF?X@r{jD zN$31SK%J!_rv3KpQ!QXw(}3UJW0JFpQk8F%?7U9C!OWr2QP%A`WBeiLD8W;uC1n-)vim#0|2;&tngjZgJ8^1}1AC^7eDU|jxG=5@(EY98b1;W^iD$Y(mrw2? ziKL0x31I?k5@LbHzE{zw!U2@9199;!sUt*L7~yj6{P;}|(dK3nW_;HGJwz!IBmm8w zr%_`2W;O6mzf{j@uUh|s|4*m-ofv2FZRjiKpmXUuF!mr?3Y^S)-P+Xmof*De^_+lJ z*>Urn;5p>RXUC+rQ7@-vXa+1$kpBK#AWm62(QTz z(Gc{GLa4637&ypR5 zoVd@M`%!@gvb`MlHVAXg&X)yGL7=oR48L@rhdWHw9qr2Ug zTcCxqW#oF9Z=lC9cF~JDL5LWtkbUvRElv4Et;^) zJt@7Pv_f{5IotGoUL+Gce<7LU+dJ#RNC!#QEcGdCtSIytSyOro(KZ*op3JHns3qjI z(Ej$VIsKU8z4Ud0d)5LBPqLI&Q+NL-q?mtuYQPya@Un`ZkZ#l8U7asRL<^lPlG@M9 ziW%FRlvlU#!dqP*9lxGlRDy*?ImBKE!|Fe&<1Xo-5669fU!D4+@wPn8v}g;b$=&L+ zgGyOn9{2%|*+jn@t|rRAe{M!A@$t6gsZ{q6#uQo4BfmYLBC}r?<7t*{CaleG-bglm{cu zb#)`Rhs=yatol{D_{TyO<8F;cYYP+yeAZgltUCa42CCF*UNIk2k?LKLl8K$Qhd$mw z1Zq2{*UUWs!nI5*I93~SgO}Zr^Q2Vl%bV--M9nwPmdFL2Wp+zcRxSv_LL`eqZ#spd zvjehfrZ*gRw)=09EaFz1`rih;q8TQ<@6G=xyd%N!rZMDVkx7)71c>&MK7m6M6sJsK zInPh(-IlsE=^ng$*`kDbSm8mHBkWms#D#EOy=`hJd+p7Z>TG6un6%h3`F2WK%aA;l zMa>t?`~Ww-ty_!zvqGStXdNA+zB$2=Vh~d0`pZl+twrg9pwur-*>y&Qb9HxJu+NBZ^N#%_QVjV{&Xy2o~|O; zMjG^Icl~w-{nn3^D0f>^wq$XNY);WV43esHs&030$+ANACuIY~V?r#4ziB3=w~Vnnn3r(rnB>n>6-OJkjnk){LLq zAAaCTowDLAaYq}BJdcXZ{{AWFxePID_^{F&ezD?8nLVElMt3=d8@)|eh?E>&pSr3nGk2w{1ZU_XW$_c{B=m< z?_y#3zb08?1%1|cyz(3tC0Hu-Vc2Z`n1E$FZn*mls)sOYMC1YaoZL%qb!;68f26|M z02V&^TX*E3dcxdcOoy8G7Y}9;y0(UqDyT{EG`oC{a`ycpT=|bxo#!+3H1mwPIH1qT6?O$G+|h$xEM+r8J14__-?#HK*k% zT_nM0hnGj93ko^SL0gJt*b=0mq5(5j&B5!19+7G%A~ODD2%=anFzX zFRp6gX*eW{r)YktwiT*wHKwwh6}BPBq*`p1ymPYX_`L4VD*2iEZfQ-y@kTf+Omysz z{g*`Kr+K05I83^-Q^u83!~2`FqW1xB`Iux#B!Am?b?cKI08?>9LIV=GQbnRo6-V`C zum8LYvtRz=j{eovdz@e;7=3q4jSxU{Xnu2c!6Y@LACV35%a4ah)AgcxGV!_kiT|_~ zC1bYUaitD7e8D_qone)&Mxmzr$WzxBjjSR?Hd_yja#Hl|S~an&whpC#^LKpE-dUDI zjB;)3*7HO~a%X9=c6p*Ub$p}JXR|`BVK7qYf8RY`cgJTpn5~$nh`L^eGEr<`mlAaWIIiy5ke9RSJf*U=J zYt=MQS}%7fp?NP7LlbTqO1=+Tdy*yfJ&Dskfj|1VuG!*+?`>duN^7rps%5i&7tTHV z4kv5h<#*&StKPN53sP&+v{{_Bf;N2CEPsT)lb)*^^=K&>%Hi`*LXzkKM8>?I&!Zm> zZ(xOv+%NpS$h|0OS^L?l?P~#Zn!dHbpbURi#H%&}xHMc#z?j*8_}4r2F|d zMc*PkfMlNpX)l2N9@pf2MZD-!yc7yaLg>r01N@{_`a!ne8jQh2-Zsq36_se3xN-y= zkuyOdD-7I(^zW4&4XkCF^8MDT}UcMe@~n;ULyBDA%0GCrgGd zd2RzSUO|!bJvZAQ%E0aD{X;=Z_?WN28-bEJv#92?H+pxPDO4XZfdw7?B9h~h`S=~zxu#4kV_g-p*^!dd$GS73K->qDJTmG&CfA-Qx0k`lhEz&IBOdCpVJw@=c z+Hi?@<25Fs3J4~J6gTcS&@f$}P5KJ!xvjdRN`m2iXZb9Sw?_eP)m*>DeMg-VGN`3j zNBME;XD#s84?=krr}Pc=C`@N!7m*H+*WjlFWw=!91tCJ~VP)*Gzt6sF7h-mJSE!&Q zsk4jF%=``l_|yeq(ZFkwW(aUP({yOsVUCt5BK3*GCldDrc}23_=G~!`fy)FdqtXx> zxs}=tlRUJe(b2~C@pWLpeEtwXwsu%VxiqfuzWlMmLr6L|==-}U! zwcMlVewJZA%*f;A;5&INZ)!qzU_rNcpFRHQ1zg?>#-%4>{n&{-h>$)-YKISV5l#NM zlWUL){UXO;VVJ0;@z%5-J!cYelwDboT;_tcgBzv%adhAJ!c<4H82&s)|5!@{#C}cqX zpnvg2IpBlWi4}tla$y#EX!7`5g<`PJPW}k95Gy6zigT;a2U-IqzHS-)3+lH!29Z%_Ij@;D!xDD$1kp&QPbjoSMt!C6#LLUBAkU( z*uu}gzY2F?HTY57jvJgaC{PYrDV?%(fq%V=M4<>PT$;?BLN!GacERVr9+ z?m+89VjAl_#R%U> z1@eE3ifcv=v5^KIv|ImNC~ASd8se;3HpB~)Jww4w2!cZW%g5MG&hTod4z@qy+meeQ z?S87TQ$UR|>PDj+n6~!12Q-E66c+M0grqkxA;XVv?UL-Y8=$+t1~NKe9cpd0z@`cWsjqo7S8Z^@)#~yo z724Zm+zuaO2ZdWw{ylv+Y|i%k+bF}2J<1YaRi-y10lIHrnuMs*sSf+@7PDs6k0;LU z2ca*AY9?&^P5$Xd4Wxzx*%$-^*hNPAZQzm5ELU;Pn#unxa~Uq;=mR2cRAEYKtR%;C z!l>hn6<@z%oGT$>XfHJnoz^b6Aw_RVKLwFm0u&H@!y2rYzpwnY zwx`3U8}Ha(sIsB;YblQMEI+gx2gnX}*?y}!MqyeLTN^fghz12+t47?CIw*}{T;(>^ z*`os!y=xJ51lJd|Y0sAL+IRPTvBo;EJ z{e6Xtn)>S|_hTAsr;sryuks*6hu+wSlk``JRZ5B|2nFq0dy~gl#xRkUH;O_C)y1js zJmWz|+)uOHN*GjFzh>tuHzb#hHu>l&dHHNA+qaU24NzwO8Du};0i;&NO%yZLgHR_qOhNi-7dnLEmfv+cEgR77B&DI~(!M&uK*b~##^gXEzp;q_ISw6) zJ399Kd6)#2r8;>n4JAB9mz11c&o6*cCO)4?e*I5fAE8mzLgD-@^K0fP9(Yk>k?i&f zyVLh}i;8_>?ReoFgPO9611gWbRY_~WvhHT9{@xELpJEYs}*@fa_CjDxR{LT z^fr@I()u)qgO>xjH)W8X%U@N$DX~4iI7x=RK->3Ah{k6#ccrHz+MLJ~CCsCbeIH9g z*Nj|r^pYO^y4wxOvwo!TlgZa}nw+h}QgEV-^WyRIYc zl`ZPR@Y0+aMD(4I_EHP8<^4MuRrnHXf4&)r7ycTu{M*ahUk9O$Am@mT;q($|a!9WE zLoC}NBO}iH`@Kw86HapPT?jYy(NfcyHa~!SdSC!uA-|>pajhX+ei@~XrqO?oUiUOJ z$lt#TfhKB1Hh+n`rCPKhw)Xsd>5wCqHE0KdIW>3Tbg*EUaS;uxvyH|2RR93d=>N0; zYsDE-zI!~Q?^hXZJ`cX#fgd6hDs1#%wv2xHkjU0~i+q6VQ4%Bt zn^FFa$F*iTLbkULx@vd>d)k3%*a^jl!exNM)3?E*VT18G0ZlI7(>~qvuFszIzO^wb zP}gxGqSf9v8X*^NRA?!&HOBr}e-c*d>E$!{8tkq=KVf}&O|Hkba>)c4GGo9cGqb1eR-nmphFr3P)c`!bmRy&6=n8Fw~!81h)U_I(@!h*SW&I zHNx=mG^erdBv-;-uX(sq;;iAJ!-}`ZV*kqgd8Ddl^YzRR=fPlQgRdX7vR@t`jQ#UZ zu*V*cRiTOmb$Zq&tpxs?(8RQBCYXe8q#MXoSNnHw889dl;a(QWX(3ifgVqo0=IZGIt zeS}|AXIm}wYrq5!)=VEy?|y|3QPLNf&#-6-g+6`s;VKEAz0H52aFPHSN-HQdIpB`& ztCOW}hr0?8iZ^WfQxnhc^>D@zppR*7C^;}Ut)U+ka1@v!g=J}k9n3H668pnAO6!{1 z8B~)1Ivnsw8G1R^r(-m{Dld^HP#l(sSOr|`xrTIPDD+Wx@AK=x(?dTZW4rUoGpJVJ zVzvKsI4~MtsS-FJ8DVy*wg`C?{_&!3#9yBd6Z(O!d?&Br4FEL=LMeZi^NtBN#rwnH zk1A` z9Is(9lTLbCTe%%l3idrWx)wl3{Uz$4>~8FFNY{f@-<&}eFLY~*u)5Ot>T^=Ng&^HQ zhKDG@k_GiCCi+3$FkI`CG=3OPP}&ng^ZvaEVchlKxBg#_0Gw%rdQd1c4s>*#Sp(5O zGIDgp%EM~C@+E>?&O$cN#p;pmQCP&GfN<5hBV-F^w+kjlu|!S!*tU~T5Q6TxKU;~7 z?NG{n-+q~k8rYUzHzp@lRE>#1Uc!Oap2ZKc zRST2GVb#I{F@582ZYyKlFJ;I0*5#={flue?x$a|GYHsZaepltec?n25T1HZ0=0_dxg_&x z1ZIlB8+$DhY$e&EO{xw$l}E!e?#ZCxZuR-eF@Z#g?3SC7fQ#Wemt@u0JK(2hy-^T0 zSl-+N3#Nl?`hbfva?df?*(ufzLJ$m-X7>q*icG@Xu--9XTL&Uj^jajLVghx9jOo6mfuZ=T7|we{S9N4-ywzfFDg;vtKHgjV!#miOc*_Rp&Yx)OU+7^5bR$r6@o`{U&^^8uexd(; z_hoY?hGhdUv{kJD*)!+Ya@!S3uibrqMSEw45uHD3B3q9572d;pTe$*^$b9SwlY75( zrODDx-09#bQ`1e%%2sM0oL1WHPL5^D73N$a?C@^z`e(Uf^*?&;Ftyd3SPSPBmTBWMHs5%VgZ>$dur;V@ zX-^KkCl*JqKmhkQY&P#tLHBVK0O;K$eNsr|!=%)?0&aL58|ISto@J)ogEm}?s)o&& z0CREOnqtxv;ll*Fu4Rl&8{mVqL;$dxW0Bo2)*|Ll46MCv7Q-f@VZ@kCVb#Uuy9s(H z|4Se$;?EjYXV1c$+p+qH@At(<%gbHSp*$G2S*KH*hF&nXoqCi2Cj8~t6Y?Dxk*9D) zqdyzjtpn<+RJasxos8_(y?h|929aWK{z;_yJxu?9jpP42>dps(kwiyA8ug}~|Aemq NEwxvw)ylT;{{s<7os<9o literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5acd9d350a7bafad2576707301f533d1cfa9fd9b GIT binary patch literal 11923 zcmeHtXHb((^luVM=%FYbq9P*FRFE1#q)ClZL_|PEigZCFKnNkAh#)~xkrt35y$MK% zgd$Zy0a02WnpEMT2MBO|XYSYkr+epqx;y90ma}JP_U!E0-Lt>w8|H?bY{G012!zw< zx}F6D0;T=OEDZlzUhg2x{$-OlOs(_}j}HG8ArLhP#2KRYkBAWCREUc+#DxfPsk#WU zx#(8^Po@S@Q-e7FW3~U%zXDOs#aWF=R3naBLoVHes5<{|eP`!?{apT$nzM_uGm+?A zRpnfD7)Tn$*_1_HQH}bxLsWwh|I>FSxlsI;nSUXzf0;zIQ`%h_% zSanoYbu?OablCN_V<^IAh!iqZn>tiGI!aU<9V3n&RgE5vjvgIOhz3%f%hp%_(avF& z^Whlr@TltWX!PIIXd#}}|0ZYr#KPS2`2SXd+>vP(`8O)7?{!;$2!x&YKZgF8z|kR) zQxGFP9V<-g-!%4=an+}!2}KfS?)-9FxoD7=PfNoZ>iheC|d0@SF+v$$l6@iJ~Ttr%gBef}fcKc}3N`*NLU(0+{pZ;&WRdlxz z6Fpaopcxu;2OgFr&vd+)&v0Z3y=%Gay|eqJ?h>u_&<6aSDy7^N3=9s|Gtio~MEB`HQ}Y&( zCJ5>7O7|LeZk|_~`88TqPfkAH=5UPTsAno2tA7v}CF=0qixPHhqc#|aKaQ$KawY8| z5kPa(w_A?ki4D)k`GA{hrdwxg+W>0o$#$=|y-^673{y%o3fUbOyJTc<1T4Sa*nL%# zeRpRD?I=hO)UFEK?O7msa~$pZP+4sd56}HwI$l4lU)=L`k=$fr8CD$ntxc!T`2zQv zke@v|bwZ!TfIgZ}JN-eiHDh0z$1SxFVVYL`Ztoqb{0qpocN|U3H}5vqFm64w4>f;# zRBy2L!4%=T%e@{VfsHJ?(MINnnAddobHkmv&OxY)zAjh8~lS|LUD8!RGhXn-T zxrZNb+kcH}cCq$L-ze3lr|C z+i06H(KmOGH;(MD^tetCLQ1Yj7KZ6w&5P?#BvYADKvu;$=+VG)T2wVJ28m+6DIADp zU0|=8EN62&o;0myP9HPrAcut>jM4k2Iu!%{yo_*;afGEm<6K4m?zvz?9BQ+jU5c^K z^p{@5O36g)QZUKk^CstC`xN+e>r{rRbPw|d_=8j}t=EO650}s|`qW6W{aq8k`eG7i zVl@yWt-VhD^cX$_jtC=%g!lMzK0X?!z&V?g1!}9}t;r)j)Nesao6??U1VLys#`n8E8pN|) zS*zVVoPT$952I<68Ylp;TO9q+r9zK;9O+7-hbn%@Wghr`qY#|`m6$m65MMaN@e>oL9wNK075A8(wCqE9WSABiy^MTG@1 z#iYC6I;wA$HA1O$K4PVxCO6nE?lvE9JK9%D8pG+;NdJ5vm?rjcn5gaCa&J~LWXUK8 zKZK>S(-GS9s@jbyO>fckxv`E0>)*}7NAt*I#oLE?3oxVvcj4CYwijz&WS~o&e0W&j zBX!0Ao%lf*%}4u)uO|5V>hF(z6ahYW*x}B){bY?DK1}Aa*oJ0E<>B4KTtqYdkN;_F zUWlV#{^8Ed+VkV>`DPg)>TZW?i*$JhGLbw#78%kzWuFt5-p%!{U0I&R?+)acZa%c0 zSaZNdyW1anur77-{Cs)d&qd3=TwSIl^eCJjc9^d^=NR@UvPFPXt3qK!89=xN|F_G$ zlWBeYlMLl=mY8DZQ#CX?^ASh?Y=jL3^(F1p26Xk}J4}Fz6xFvYp>_W08a?B zP%2B3wAfFBNz$t{eg5Vl{eov(7BOp)`*)j~Ls)6gDwP4E9o@%${D1?%1}n-9uQSoZ z#E+?AH2bgOUztEC@f=&FpCKr4t5b2VfY)#Jj?S&dfoY9yqr)9Xt>vrQ@6@$4w&vGD zfYa1n*zwrs-!e+G+PGt?wqKz*<=Bh2kv4td06?%w4!G+h!B5Sh4cV+(BmNVeDA$=P zf^0W{s6IMa4v)%Sx{CO{ZDl!V1$FP1VTs>0Zs57^Qa?=ywd~*^2mL&ygWHB8kk8s=_){XhpUia7t$L9rNc2P8 z&~G>|R(g%d>|p-Qs*|9R(IMghRhZusw_H@8U4x)%Y0nQu=~Ml@G#$M5Lb%6~2E$sg zR~;8Eap7JE-<<}f{UnNO4AEp#JUHBQy+|N1bk#`OzH4@*iVyQ-SPY!|B}#{e#)Ppp z^yXo1vaRL+8aUM<5w2hzYT0fRSJfzx06{-TXY+-p3!%al)K#AC&R$faedGPYK(iu8 zeX(}zMEt-Dkzna(X)W95G1k$kZ`$f%%`shT(5BJ9l-nJ*bOjpDI+if#|H#Z;3rDB% zfrC5p+n$`Q^2*H!Oy{&D2-OMb>=38@VnR#Z#9Y#Z(7b+p(WE`E-=Njix$u@tGq~cB z#@6`sA4T7NcL6)c<8F!}q||QbBuaTQk%G)Ho-eN9qkXhyOt9e!gQEU`e`Cnw(<=9y z)iCecJztTb1I{hKnj?{HQ$4^W-|259GJiA0iH&YBUd`<2 z-_&parP_d5Va1j|KB;gmocL`d5kLRp%eOOfp3LPVqt6ex0E7z9pfKjh=u243{NBJ`2#yH$1*+eJ4pX2!pX=?AGZYk6m#bqzN{>+n@XrZ0o|lC+%_`cPV-I;`g;o2>Js>~Xr&rAK%!Qh%VS>*}{a~!)v{q+km^!AjnnS#4N}Pk2 zZpsb}H%5xne8n!GiF#-^8$VviNF8|&jGPawaE!?9QTs5&wUmotL}~1aW9mxa4ioH^ zvb?+b%g+@0&hmu(0HSQz9WccSHHtL#fR0(iiF>ZAsAUPEbT-_F@Z1EMdl&sw^}`dJ z=BGsoUsxy1++~m2S#DK|(R}$a-3I3zp|KLgrN|66nF;d_jGxuU1 zc|NMKa6U|$7R>(fJ!X&Tv**~Q$ZwSNuZ<5SLd9Ky4t`VtgTp>k?>Bw$cBWv1mUGL~ zOu;uS%3T~Gh@x7h(4MJDV8l=+heDdL#zNV78$KEm72q(e_UAA%$GzbN2GCYWKz z)69W(EBQTy_N5Dgw<_PY?^60Z1MOR&o4v#A;ED4Qu^hM?z++nh{-g}KdZu)AreX%} zqw0ne{nzqr`4HxHuD~u4`SEnJg9b(tYWtXkyiXgQttF(}YN(7xzEeSu%Mx;L-gm~& zweZRmBP6wiP;1Qy!@h6geUSaL7Ih4}fA4Ar{Sun%A*)zEmLlYWWsIUw^c3T0n)6#D z*(SY7x9r!s6&ty=V{JVHr}|5bvvTE@X`h-6@6W;B_9xehA=4^T;6ofGS zy3tDIlmY|Q4?X)DawrjQqZTTPHBeA^%}}S9(k$BG_L8GY;>ufB4K$-;#CfUI*BYTA zEEXfomj{)Bb*(tT2F3vfbpOw}wDL;-k%dIE({gv54&Rv~ZD+bcv>O=LI>d&Uvc%FN*pd1VrRWF`iH6ny1bbnl-gPgAriUYHK(vU+MWii^>S$0{+kYqG$sbuSZjVKSUJ1R@R-oeb;P8BSdYkoz z1fEzbgiZDMv!cP=-*?jf>*d||4IHT@cOZz5gB+QrCrkTziIabRZBQSbU@rBUon5(k zYZ4!|QO(MqFGeX$wnD}Og=CdMO98Cobq}HVH4%fK{gGO0Q zanKQ*PMQSr_am}|-FN_E)!BVAH~*wY!ZD+5I5B=4hHI_Ev4h2YUf&h`*YGx+m5)6K zOu)MW>F}n$hO5bZCBH3!ER=QFEV%_xH-I-7$jM3sr&lER*y5A&p)So!;yal>_()=!`h?zU&W5dOP8^OZm6Q?5B&e@!L93=L>rs7nGRN2tWE-DP?|ChnRs-w~2uE%=I zFLRgzf%jLAh8ubLF@cLS$s$kgtFS(=N&$KB)sEjYUV?$#Odg! zdW|gNib>ZvFX|!7Bd&leCYLsu=>zqHC&5RY*lgMS@s5eqLvg@*Y}FzrS5$)&%l8Vq z!3I2N=A=Y%VWy0@8&*oI0Nq?g!>&YN?9k2$$L<)49@`Gus?wxQNdh7Av_#?>Cwtsk7Y)ad39qDa3tx5T#ot|@|wUGHQ}fSx}W zAkE56_b+pczh*B}mzcWC6Hz+%+}PVnrGWG#HN3+#ID^8fB*L%yHGh_DC&TP(b1c*dSd!CxaXL}w+WB#e0G-PK*&aGpfn|_crcgZ zbIig-K-A24UOT8`dSX(9;gIL2(VW4wb1*cMxr^RfEzIo-`7UGbf$@QB+D9)k!Y^sM zhm4%ZsbRznEN0P+NPVZWDTk83y?3(J;f9Xg)IulKPiB-3A)0s~XOreLg*!7iF518t zUojI>FA9DB#o=lji)bCk_au$aJf`!Bg$cKZhbfA_XQO{dG>bwNHVulc)mZ5lpH!=m zBGA9?`jFv47H(Z5Yun~_S+CloM&`=PpRV2__ap36+Uk@mFm7u~DkIzT?0`pH9Lh43 z3$uWksbRBqhNE(dqGwnzwH9nz(;)+kvyxc?9)(DF!)>Zk^NhEB6Emr{G$IPoss;>` zZwO#5_?|Q3@-#B;wQcWP#H-4qZ28P-KK`ozuFlc6eKj$|yt%g6C61vq4z2QU#-OR+ z5qFrT6M6ed{?pHVucO?~uL!c0`#~IC&ZmfbHDRuD~a4j9(^avMl1YTb7>elb)U;K)a zE{*-XR=}LQIK2@QqbXjnz=Eqc`5axGF z`%=9XgBni|~6k6Re7ZMvO!0Dj8u0$Im ztnIsxNvpC9J>I`}_crm2wH-H4w6FIS* zB!kQutK=7hGkBZ&EsM3MTsQ+q4c1YnMJw=0745V*6s=6UV9!jw+evchJswPsdzuh; zJ%?6PSretJ0${kVtC&MMbZ!d-J!UCYX%hJ`UZiKkwd z3!|=NnloyjD`zJaIczC8GB}_dN0<;Mi_?NRJr~L?INx^V?uYWR6^^o?Z0ks|w;|NW z3B|#{znBLo2wntS?g-P#CbE(=NX({{ScaL9@!X60eEXsb3-*K&p|BuB2@%t^8t$h%pq4;mpLKS2XkZGs*89hUXr5+#c&ayH1w=_Gc9=>_juG+)Pi zO3WXo)@P%snTaKLo{nF-Z2SVIpw;4Kxv5iW;P<0qrYoi}>dvQ6bqqV4H9o_{+zoj$ z{6Ck|+a*q`J;q$Zj9$%xBA*CbxynDL87V*XU|heE%oQ2o_JYt%ynWkErNR)Vkk0XE zqC=n5$brHcf=kyXJXQb21k8h1ZV`F&w>SsvA$i;5j30-c8w$E^QfAm!A76TEtO7Jm z*yV9I=*e6*<8zhKfTF@U4JmNjn<{A~_&zm1WGwoITm)lrFq<)dK1@rpO1X@AfB~sH zaY2#DIDL&C1xr7Hi4NpxU=+J1n7oAg5}~elHB4KmLDq8s@E|Al8$Hi{d4^<3xCQhS z=@vNYMLXdUdv1}xGo=+MRF;-xW$fYY*)J8Jm*XRI)8D-a&e=NI(yigF)5`6<^aO;` zt6=G>S7?40*&=3Srfjss?%6(&m8*Yy@3)+S$be=0Mb=|75TedZ@{BxdzuaK4fNLdg zLWG9;66_|RLN6J1KuZYWM{1KvddX#uqusPKU(aKnGTK6lsa3^w8*+?@}tm;tGId8XE zsUOm8D7iejDmrBeo;+LVv;}@*Z)jy4MxLuxJ$MBX9lQlF?LB|qCR+>tmUdOyvFF3c zW!g=HDj12wk${-KCsxPz@u!TtT1NJ}9brZXR{qm5fJf|zWqownohVTYr{hPd9cO0 zHEQ&&LViJE@REgmljakts+Vl27j{t_gSv$D!b|Hyw6C?hWCSD5P34C=6Uxv6aUP6V zn0Czch?Cz_2H)lfrxxeuG6b0pWYq>=lBRMzZsMR{WI!vP zb3&p95Wz)hIvc{Wg1qm)elvNT*VVsEvGltcJEe1ZFPUfLr#tA!?We(JGRlM+Ow4YT z26E=5RvRjK9WN>Y-$}C)sLMhpru?d*}uu!*IVnxW#CY)Kwgy`y9>MekTgP0$)L$!hAm&K4Rnf;$x{CrFBQk z9()t08h?NPKC;*U5VI0Q$YGBk1>G9=`DES0`0}!h$~1SxjUM-Cg1&ydyHn z#0T0dde;5V1@}j}QEwceND(k}wS(Ma*$?Y48fN08jg}F&Z}|mq?%a`~!T3dJL;TUI z3Ig{(z_X<7cVQ0MJN$*KU*OGO?SsE35=PihmokZmLL%RWOc+)Eh6@Hp1qiYRnle_N zj{a)Ed2T3b$9Uq#2z-8K?B?ws_TlO2@?+OKYGlAVIjB?-0o@yROUSCBJdS_)8mso~ zecPo;-9RtyO){%%s%~g7*H>SsB80W4;eDf&pX*Zibh#(Ld9j(HC91xvM3GTm6c(=| z!WD)e6)g-E&SeY#L)#EEdlQZrx*Iu_`gZA@D`E?aT2!Ugh+uFxf=)JA#q(7-yPccP zgNEncSC8eA!3#d-M~IhO03LsD;wJbh1Z8IJD=Qk~jI@E-gCJ|Hg`)=WSWvU`CYDVv zR!8q1Wt%%i^01 zCEVO~vsb`5)XLH3g|W-s5xUr#w3FURUDkS$=2{53nFNP9-qI9R&xHAYSaqd!z;V3=t zyDcEO7ZBsferdf0b#>_JG^7yHZ;+N@XdYUtUS%GmR?}X4V#o*r;n@2R3!wJ%**)iC zd%>wB4qtlN80UD9z11Y4*(?D!%1W;U@9fF%7KX#qUrtDIXc!cI|H%5jt+vW>8mo41} z;I(IjuyU+(Q-Y*2q`q3j7(rQA8p&-d&7m=eGt?lYYp!9GX`jBT!W)`yKa)`R5=L#x*XW}X>ZADAkPj{I{qkA1l&^<#f@W&NY*;+pU@zviq)a^mh~5{E-vSrNgJBSvPH zAH_(X>a5d#llG%6<$R>?`YDf`28R6`^Y<8jPTlx*>h@zpT}AUsyFdL^NLtpcmPGc<^ZRhLasCgh93=x%#d`nInxM`< zk*}VyL#G>L(wVi9OvD$zt@Es}n*CrF{}l+@gEzy|iCLutAKYD7KP?l43S;BrK8hNh z?u!KYioVRXy*TmUb!74CZts55Q>L&;tmo30PB=n%F$hRWc&-l$K0b})lmAM{;&vCn zK3%RXso2Ntux5&}S~AxE2{8<0Cb>42vNcT@L8Bh%Nw@yQyk+01wN}vHC0o9HtRW`K zY8sx-Ne-t@-Lmw%76^B6m9SoS4L6K2!LDKd}$2AqEzPRjh-h5|C}P|>>WGH$f* z6bAgs)j}X-ULk_WE<-OQ2SMHtxFtce-^A)15Z2x}eq;e= zOelk@_T-W?$EFTf@loGL)vJw5VD_OZ&;{O_LuC%p`?aJ$B0JwUo4mPjoM-SIv34-3 zgNf>+XlqY*?+YB7py1ZknXO!W)TC?CA-23&;H077*#nn7!m0@B)sNB$pKBk&1uEn= zPo}{daBsL`m8X2Rti(z`eJ=p`xIm8RdCb|}vB0^{PnoIi6JErBh=NrqJbL<(%B6?h zb{XH_WhUpkx~Z{M*#{FFel6w^qKx&G6jn3Mjz`HV?1jQ2T2Pb^Cj8tep7{Ab8u)%i z6zcfg<8jPM@gp-{dg#4>_=>naaVXVNgi%)@_c|Ex!C>Y6ofzl`m(1sy5xD}E!>>gz z5qlnyd3Cb3S5BWdi-;&y9~pLJYf3t3T~||+hilw_l4VT4Ek;Ps{b*oG85#2TX?kk1 z>a_4_=_`;sJdBZeO=W3l;N2Z!-Rz<4&irm%ob%f`#dq6glJepE3xokxz1pZ6PStV= zxJ2V$uLTToKQkTV&)kT?)Gf0u=m;fkL77h(ForERxJ*E4lY{T%Xzj*LmJcB6ao;%_ z_?YV_b%xh|-{wKR0w2W)V8$LY7QyfJ$e0Fmp%@fW#^eoo-m;*la7ic6v3%_k*<(ZB9O*dbs}%g8yNzkZvc`PVhc zcenn&_ws7PA_>IRrNk;u%xFF&oLB?3Eno-$nfm8kkY6?i#Ga5XTi;0G_`X_=a+MWc zJ9@IbGF&GG%I#T_*>~n66mlzpC?>F+t9L-y{L9w$(n~O~te%q#KK#okt@hO_8@&>S zdwpO+DLi?(N*RAB|DeiGbjgw*kp?vtXiV{CQN3d6gzrkLpTW5T!zprKO~`|vUuBa^ z2*jK!E*?aUke0y5v!mF*zS@<%_a1N+)gQIWpPm@(5%eT9TSNVtZNMTe+9PHM?V0CA%-*lo8D)?3h7!gy`jG0XZqQ3*1lFY@WYF%{^}q% zF`}9D2M7||;>9eav2REa3`ZZ1&|$D5cD;pJWkBVLXyz)*(g}E&zBCxYSX$_-1yfvh zD{XlF3WjhBWH2qb&&^58nZJsuc`pFA9V~yS!$?yCLmpv1<+?%|3G9vvC5LE^tsYVYcyhD**`mY1aCif&7EeRJd z@5$4aoNHoF)9hS_@0JSD+Wv)M z=gnHBrz!Ug&QG0?&2(8+@~dXS-4AV!pz1L+dOI{W`Lfcl5&!LIGw6vnrhg9& z$x9Pq*)#UR}KJC!>(*a5>2I1e(BgXEx=>el`Yg6uihw(>^(6jF@td7Ef+lLb@QTCc0kYc%OoXq1MbM@1RQC$i^Cy zAEJ0Hee)X_KVyPb)9gbfHJIYQn6dZ?gg?{J^S!=k#FgIM`=a!(yuh{& ztGK|8=n-LYI?eN&xZ}Ss{;uX6lYt4jy(ozGHrbLC;WZ*JY+CuCHI5CMTB6X0Y#TVx zpPgO+RICv6vt+3|6OoI7nM&-^ z=B35CmGP%+M~iz!MR~-j?tbY9`cM_?-Xwb?V>mjV}X@kESU9 zf_CkjYwuw$IK#BP4tRf-DjOZQ=G`%TZ?{VAITW;HXu^(P3T7r&Jku~}Ixhnl)myJ# z-v86c{9lzF$YrKaro{9K!2XJa*(g)iOth58N>yoxXUS`0nWg24FDEI~tGskhKL>;$ zl_|&sST<-=>Du`^tU;S-`@1*xBzvvojS5UWB|t?|fizR60}~d4YDb%7 literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..406facd4634b074269409051881cb509524e6528 GIT binary patch literal 13371 zcmeIZc{G&a`#(N2jD3sjp~aHKM0SHpk}OkX$udYNOV${>F$syuzGjl_AtBpfhO$;u zC_9gR3lG9z@by0Dd(P*N?>XP!@AvtA|NK7ZUY>K^*SYTdd9M39_kCa2>yEu^tjEqG z!~%gp*!6GUG=V^%)c<5Ax)Vy`4yVycRdLtwzV6}C;mIomq6UFDLDWtX9^&i-aXu+) zPe^JIH8qISNmf%kDe-E~PHK3(8h*s-e{wrHoisb2BsC{zCnr4KskYXs_7JZI!T*Qb z3GWO!q2X)s_|aPY=m>uFu+|y!AC^&k?NM#*(MavlVRuUBK*PugUTtI)KXOz%ax^k> zbU1z{VAAR1#@fzdt<&Ks{_v>w@Mz>@sN8Sq-kc0p-Ot3>^!UH~KvYP_|M@Y@Ubi3k zLLjW%|H;t4@h}<$au%Y0^ZI>E&gvWX{4v$Ev|ZzV!)R>O^I@lRPwa;|=n`Qyv+rk) zk2^2wFPNs;$feJf1{VYr`j+*47GL?Lmb5+BnjPIZFsZ2y)xrOQOqMWEjg?3NrO*~r zcJPgB#QJ@@kRl;K0I07Y1*6@cs@Pm zxJX?nC5*PWYYA!5bxAf<5?zpK{c>AA#;Z-j)mz`t?9S?Lz!XFHeq{J>+nk~z*m1x1 z3&SSZ5n(cvIJ*$u5^;PaXBi3;-4c4t3|{;;1FEG6(Bc>{RYZXs)CfK4A#iRb>eZ`d zU0Z#iAF;8Hm`*xtxLWskj%G3OH8w~N3=iH#*9V=w>Sl4QtwkiXqJJ1ZYJukYy-+_` zm~3sPZx7lNcy&qefx6&v;iOz3hxx7+L$n@l8b7tT8_@c8l(SGMq@g~ETy*wb8GriQ zmajLP@n+DY)Bx{yxvaEwO89=dI@LhSj&!`Uw{X0>v~Zlf7}B1F{COi-X)Ln0{|eaZ|Igj3Iu1E|cs=xQ=PYFa)mi z?D@Mb^vV3N@3x22azB10V>wp~+RRv zeF4aqZUrYlcry-wk6&`S#)Gkaua(vS90MUM?%i@>OUz&IgfMLj3PaeDKQB$9Gc5Mm zzDl5Z{R`Snc!=LLnQ6-NNL9*4GvkuhkMF*(c>f6|w5Q6q9lx_Vl!%G3yT6e!LZpj6 zk$|E<>fYY=SJseIGoqv2T3u`(9iI$-!9exc4{EwP;oTkk-?y*-vdUmmE1PEZ2v#h} z`F~@$nkv-zaYG9K8X2m>RCf;3uzzr1*J5)N?#qQx)-P1}d-EM%+A-B{OMQz!S-kzQ zP?=-=)MKVWoZsgcB>#EH^Ob7~V;}o_PfiI%H^T76U%HFl#hbc=ZSD81+kGM)H1r)gzk1F?GAOl}J3^+1xy`;(~*dupEk5 z>+xZDJ8=A4`^>`)-<~hwyPWcw8n8ER0Ky@RE#RoGl{WLk_R1X~oF;T9oNsMzg%Exy z%f)a3Kb&Ix5-xr!BRleVZvp8j00@6>`eF{lVjFh4%DWxMnO6YOkG z3TIzxr2mZg*#JB0tUQKQi1raLjKQdn4Ik8NYc+F@DzSp=H+Sf;vx6gz`xLQb>PmW- z^etAq8xPoz;gz9tFXDjqRdRC_7ia0rLj47YnwO#2AH1O5WSn{!p$UQI+#biWZZ!8+pz(W%go1k2sycallEHjlRo4e(Xdh07l+ig8= zW~LTrkk711$aSp>Q31(m$q*yiBcJw8>kz*V*~?)akwG86hR5R_)=|*#@#*82zf|Z6 zmo`j9T19A^8%o}KVDJjnsXj01IkG7~0io?V>A8_ge@v~k^Q$K~iij!fte_;oYxYma zN;$RQLYsuJ{YgT-Su1bI_3j9*>F-C>nrbMTMPQjqM`y$WAk@IRaUgD=MWeRY3n56W zq}xtUKL#zJT5ssf_iIE}e0Rs#$1CFJ6-lj1?4XX@|1yu2=)*f3EAn<+8N(KN-TwbB zCjT|r|KF}o>cTWXpAa41H&8S=S5E!hk31Q5C=!>OV=&8j5WR95j0wz2Jcu}c{Duzw zy6(?;s{OGJXP-X692x{?j}%)JE9@sp{bN9DJvv2;I6nJ^NlUOCq-P?eWT+@?^5`hAgA@5TV4EY`y2y9ZJ$hNk!l*LtfqH-4&wtcCYp;`tf1h5Z~3E z4wGmpi7Fj+D2qvTPGbCD-Q)PPc93<({b$1ma-N*I4c1|4bl?P{frnZ=-yIy!^3C+c z+Mr;*FLMa>eFMrg(i(yviylODn;5Tg&WOjU2(Ho;IwGVh%C^*yTcsj-^>A?%6R_r7G>y}>9G)| zUnA5FfA&}vOdbrld&5&<^VZQ%^*KuEAT*2|`ia+}cWpC;5r}^PpLF|5m>d0Z*9te- zTq85aO!Vdj|D=(MV85txxpyk*Lnctczo(6se{F#FE^p~B)-v{tX=*F@pJf$<1~yzx z*#S&7)+FPir4GJW{-d4RJ0B3@gIU>9?-I%tA^PUJ?VJ5&u3c<*`cQ{$T@+QpSlB)G zbpiqkYvnP*Dn zrs-qTP(9zD3^vyM0YcA2I9@Kxow$H;*sMxIc)OHlX}q?JOs|0b;2MnM+0FhX-D9XV zwvljm1Q!4!O2ba$o-s|xQ^7bp2?7og7{#`JiOOX?>fT_$jeM+k(SxkRr(yWs^{vYQ zxq55hl@~h}@y-G$;>NVclj|7Kvtz4yij3=U%x$k9Z?qnRSRy2xoM>C|HJIr+kY)Z%HhS10<{Xyg+n zt(mpi0IT343t5#b#fU*iy@>zqPkK`Q`uSxQ$v;V*+wVH;TAqT z%X$xdvkfmzvM5@pZ5*c$i|m?lNvLN)+m6ePRxFfmdSe3WUTi@?wE%>`i{oHvzZHnq zk)zU{#4a}`|5Myg-*{hEs(+@xQN_(L)XNcUwBdys?&^})yA3f_7g<<{50iyy?~ZS= zx(UJvm(t3BY^UL84~B0!$4#CxaReh*VZ@EiB5r@E=)TvqtxOz+G%8H$FPUAT+jTqP z9b$Npoy=)Bui5`P3yV@Sw+~doR3Z`qr0WJNjIP9RJQq zwvZkY%m8&Lr$&VZ&MnImK~G+y%0Jx8e9{^D_9whx&#YLl?T@EdRA>BLXzXN*R~gdo zbas0%{!5Bq;`F^gT994dmZVCP5o?=v<*0L2S`CN6LIScRo}@B9!u1CiP~!zdXE<#xGO?pMKk#?0L&ToG3XxH+m_0*h zFA>=y#mTPy@CL{8`$pb?pzkI}aJUdSXw!TaK{m*G2F{t>rANs(s$Pgdbhb1{n>;2Bx4B_)9wBSX=(|t)RSNVW)ibWD4ygmzHBOM7UcG5qU9Yh zx?V5pw;&81fL#aX1!73m%OnL<@t#S0|)U!SwG-S(N zTl;a*n9eis13YUiBuD%+2jIC-vvUW$)_6 zrJEb0Y?^$z;`m0Iy7;oT!tor8;qk$zh(^_A61$PzGfAZ@R&c};|A+`Lh{i57^1Io; zVLd;P?fbL0$xu!HUUECBc*``>j?xJWK=2I=DeS%G$(Lr%pY;&rN-Y_u`haX`n|~Z3$BE`t(_7GNBgMK2kGH<;cCAeW#~F zUD?9E{}K)y5&!e4`)}%4x{q35?IBiSjXQun?41mJ4^I6XMmjAKfCFSJh(seHsJFu6b#cp z7gb~E*Ef|s4E~{AxlyK%r~B&4BVCH&Yd#K7Pa&;a>-pMZ2Y>!SGNC2UHJ=~6xCWys zj*oD}G5g+#BxXeVB8nIQ-7HV&`c-gQXbGAIY|A|e!0v8dv8jesvc7|9_lKHdTV#(z zc#%a^ec1_V5Bhc8-Pl%_Wem-ULYiM|};OnGOi*A_~o%R!0*;xMt&C#@Il<;3)F!R zbZZPRt!V5A!lX1-;G7&yq~0!X_7PoJtS!6L8Qmj$(9(JyfaBPK67|pLAq*6YNmfx- z0bCK+S)`T>Jb)cpAVQ|xU9FtYX3!?4W61^ zw3l=D{|YE!R#(*M87SEMq?tW%e1KG>Dq`eom~NCtMhPLEu$LxEJQ$-2)1JH*PoI}8 zphA%aIY_4O|A>mm>yFQmm>p9y@Vf3Ay=Z+uixkxeN4YdBOwv&hM5>+s$7)~rv+c{{ zE7F+jEZuQG)G~?pwe4|lv)tNR0ZpT!o1l6?tW=;zm7vnj1%_&-?AEgNzHBDFu<_R<82 zYlrg07sl=)evtBH5<)t43Q@ng!9D#|aGGDr^gLP0Jpfw-qbD~Y`9IQS6#D)lTe~v! zQ=3vXSq;GGpX!YXlqwfsWh|;^L5wZ8+mq4L455h&FaUX;Z9Zh<1#?UoJTW%vNom`C z_dZ%h>;|*7kluuMk<)uSSg7LA+{Ed`5D1=LwOkD-GS)5BpIU$vmmJxMj!1jw#n-_&2rqZxQKVLqOG%fwSkY#VkY}#HM zrPi^`8Jdtjeg`8HOzKS&g|?mwK||63^1LAO*77Vmz&v5vQeckt{K7q`r=Q(*>DIHk zkG`>rE!lry?3PM*;25!5vIk8&j^se*=MY5mu~{7Ad4^c$%h5KV*9^SnmpVx5Z(+W* z!<&*je?|1u6C-quV%wBztIRT&c_)sL0LNG2e;qE@MOqv^IDj|q2w@&dlag=BJp$6D zVz&7D;ete8pUU)JseclkA6;3sCUlieLpd?ZxG0@(4e2_UBRUnI!Z_~Av15r{DBB@=xL{Yzig|Uyxs3%wO8Y!_0Oggfvug2mIf9oJfFzFs|?;>sfb*7 zLYwaM0QmU`Ek1Jg#cW!%cfLJa9@EKD?lCXZq?M1q&4n|*bA{x(YR7tg1?nRBuYbU~ zd|-?yic>>F5HIQW-G0Co`~6Ovlw9rM!9?p+pxu|WH>w}U$b@NzRL?pCylomJR1aVs zDRuB!(Y$@B0;{46-i6jHU}6SQy`7VO@!K0}$MHub zcIA@~+?Q70MJSBIsQ;wDSEZQ+2@+Gs*juu#@XFcO~h_O*L;b*VK>nt!Hh9ehK3Zc|!~lM(tb(du@*U_vzyJ zozgz(IgYZ3N{Ve&-_x9?A?@2*5mZtLqbr8MoGjxRmtVPX|6XJg=xelqrq#6 z=iuiG7$aHKxrx!Sj495_ui&-nRJJ6GCYy4v1+vm5NL@rg{f>_avg1xv1ZpAmir<^q z-_KL?n{v}Z15k9bFGZQw?$?noIo^$ZKabP!qP7Sk{W4yA{{EI$yWw*bpLMm0lbGXE zKt|PXz9IRtQ{X>(&R=^10~yp0Q}kvqOvt_DuF1={6rf1Bs}~>RmoV`X2B0}#g~2zQ zg+Gg*?6SxYIKhkKwTk52n_%dhKvm=G_{@L37zj+m};phAmsWsME z>j;(C>B1x#YA|W*lvW-`Zd?y9NJR6RTqN9+ph}n5#|chVhq7Nz82>`QsA9`BE$|SN zDkyny((?v@81DMP=|dI={Yw-AdJN+0m~!Jon6;8&awK5}&yUM>n-^1rIHQ8zv1Byx zlG+jP@~+|h)3;^{oIsnDdHW4to;AIu{h!qr$&S2+ldFSK~*OFO+nwJ%gttjP`_lrLN1~ z;i;e%k`ONwczzi@xPIJB|RQ zjca7{K2yY~%q%}`lr75jt$2+PNqlt`G&l51->HV>?hZgr=eP#R$?aS}tnR4{NzKgq zW?&sGp%W$n;40VUDG1VK5ErXed;fqQ)$z}HW9hq)CjyY51vyvXXoB12a%Q!khN z7C3S0b-&6cQ4M1>@wLKLO3EsY>^pVaB5u3J_=f>Av1&wHz~tu?@Wy7n-0MD>b+ce{ z?&BSf2~Sw%n~nPnmBrRyoUd-0M|5KO+(!g|4@=2ysm|Prh`y2360L`VPCzh?1l&2e z2&d?)>jObd&wXl)TmEUxH57l@d-uiX0tOnz`ilYl+gp7;^W#)G3mBrUc(EODaPjxqN)Lad>yLXSK*59WKtY!rGcf^gg3H^?f5`T$f8esb#m~4M z=~_siA1}u(kCZr%D1)#!U-p@NjuT{z>$~ciJ;1R%0x9#H- z)gG7*ke$_pN5K6UYm)goz+S<*@0KOP_23 zdENx#1J?_xS=XGpYeX=CEKixW%$TbLx^I+}9)O(A3lgO>f=W;d>uvFO`Q$jyeo0Wl zo*AtrEl`_i`^N#o5B$NLV~6C1Ho^!=-Ldg5aeNRdp;ip4noH_oI5lOzm=B15IuaKq z_x$dZ9QgC5bH0vrhMdal0NetG+QWj0u8g=El%N=VmU%*sR7AFfP`38+@m15`7n~Eq z=Pl?&eLSCJ3;txmsNYM)KLc-~Q?j3EW4zHxetTC~Cwu0bZ^!<6!HLGIi@SfA6;YFh z5Pn~I!tH>Ro?VoIA^75*W?oy9l2I4^feA=US11&nR(_r;?QzrnRLI54_urpv|L0YC z&)MRyddWUp&5J&dLNr7(IWn&2ki_CImI_jJ+x1^hGPQ*GJ&cX0!|4@EfRFm+WU<$8 z`H7~e<<{mWd3gMsdTG+0Rx*r2d{Y->dbWVAu-r) zQ%1eT+d=|092ROHwz_x;sJ(>`uI^#bi~i+Uhzc+ zceW>2UfAdhU3fu)gkWmi6b~eeyJyZ+b2XT{UqO(Bbv&&uIaFdPVj^cavA6S6oZn#e z=u1cBBKUcf2F8C0$R_-LVAZkI%->%}TvU%Jl*^g*{&br~{*hDmzGkr?#$#0|B#MY^ z=&+3pFn-lgOONPCQ+>9Wc@~yqTMZFg*%`Qxk4I+UmQPbHxlHaXewNc#7N7hx9p9(4 zS@7 zf;wh6rXI+k-HkLGV+E>%Mh@5kCy@jX?^N^HEW*^e;ps5Ru|MCu0?tGd`tH$qqiv=n z&-nc?TGCeVU3kpQz1GzayC)3#&Zh-n2NjhtkBW`W;!Fx^eXJghu^?@yw&brvxl+&N zLm=E!|G@%ijjs1~iCm69b+BYO_UZX3_iS^H_G{QBT=YiPtwj`+^Faw2(Und@P+8ZM zwGH@rRtuL{6ds!invrJQhhi_>2by7sI(Z5S)h!Vtn_d{}Kc%O4t>fGujs|K%A47~) zBt--8F*XBP-?_gZC9hyDF9qEXz1Ut6$zN8y$u4a6n_Ken?9aT1Qgxd5WbF23GlKPW zdHuT$T01m^EmYi5vXf*itj=IqPvOgB&2CTl$XI`#8vX%T>UIRFi#ZLJG}anh_9>ne2HqxixEP0+?H*L{jT|ih4;>K zMDA(oEo%!(IeCG-zKQI@Rr!fuY7I^>?zPc;-p%homymn@?hoFutgnMtYotC zu>JYUWwKUF?&k>M!c{sp7bMszj_u-hg^=*uz{aOb)S67@2X!FxloV%C+^QTY>&bip z8kL=NdoG)2oZ)*iwlc{@udKKtQqSwJeIAS#aALj=`oob(aq*OdvP)$#1(;$M!q0?; zH>mc`k1zS9lkKiDd|u2Rr5=0+7TAI6x~&TTp?L;dActTEr<9qKt9URJ_sq=B(w7>u zU0qUYLkUb$R+(QNo+nsdwq(-sAGOCO&WrL02e5ctFO;Y5`Gec?SrXKkJJv_jM0HH# z&lOv%kXvYMQ9;tfWJUN<(%a`&Nkvb?jhh5EH^!vDbZ4Edinqd)lPMMvX{5n} zu&$@tN!h8puwwjkB*2WljXEW8@kyxjuo~uNPhqE0Z)JBz-=Dct$nV6nc#b)y_P2r5 zjnfk+Wct+CC&SrrSJ`7pry7W)bBkL(P8dBz1~ zQuSjDKU4uG+vcRoWILkaJJ`fy{gvNIQM!>u1Oouh>espgoICX(DBjiHiecS;q!5CS zO$L@EM__8KG?u`|{sWSMwilcz>iZkmvzu5^XN~Rfl->R&D7rS6B2UG=MtH!g4h$05tjqg1q7yNp2cY5Q; zAk8j<(3cRq;H}L`yPSEtK?ZcMUjde;B``Y>QxRh4XXV{-Yc__#WgA8cpXZY-Cl(DW zm9 zm4@J;`5%q)1_GOwiz#EJM{c#^3>sd^B?D^lW7Dx6mcJ#VQ(j50EE@EB^!>hT%cmrN->xb8N{o&V7Ewfo@L+*zFwph^`yT1`L#YzB63f_E({FqGr2gFu29) zf7^c->?QSi5hu!?+f|9{ z8$f1T@>naq!!#hd{7Mh^?B5?d2KhJuiQ*b- z%S&{ZV?99f(Vhc&@wZ0J0X;pG3zH}!+MyYaiBUKDo_MJ1^>)}~QAv}P$`Z&vq2Z27 zCuwX8zwna6xWO?Ks?s|H2H;}&84hv}n!&IpRtrmRZyE0IUTrKcg4*38WP;PYbQWX- zo6-{Ys63d~FH%F=X;;`c&&<3)ACS@XVoC7D;=77xJ}+0fe=Yt&S(Sp>-3Uiw;@D+0 zL#^uFhhJWd;2ew@WG%-<^Id}>jKRMzrl+>H_De_<)*U6V0#23w?*A+@q)iy%JX($m z5X8KahnFl1g{^Mr)N6}S_rgHezAxW_61_?LsB5Ds1)A&AO1Zn$dA}6}n*MEZ73hx& zN=mIeYM_XxH%^TaIBAAo*6AqaGBx&3y4`?&W_0AjR(uHIrU((>00M*IiyxJ0JePDn z?d_2$iOq=aIbbW_g1llr`00ies71$_s(tjO;~UUj_XwC$fN_dlp)n?g-vO&zCH3Z; z=nHopzZFCk7`L6coSpL9pqPw20}5wGMyKLxETtW3ux;lA3(#5^dj`A%<4^^FT@{v!q!;;-XNXevl=$IC*E-~ zmRZALfsY=X;9iV&v2{LnPP#$dVhvxT!^DDs9-yGx)K~8N*4x-D;Ne48(G=gxGc+4| zN_k5e-~mT^7cPfP>wK#5lD#Rp_UM%;|KQXGtSX0?Sdw?8NJv!~o^;`^uHcW?tjX*x zKG&2Nn271~_{F{g*Uv5|!A@8i$-w0}BP4hmh_ek(awJz&Tt$w-iVhCJUs!9r~ydc*ZalK`h- zE~(y5S$0w3x<3wIOpMD&Z`@y@uX-3 zhWW>!AE(gU6#*jB(Ami7rbj;4N26>dK}-hWLT6dI4_wP8iAd)Yz$w31$B8~f(<2DK zH$AGq_QZB&l&$u1S|>|ZQLrH&k{PIuHOw?|(b0!3bZ&BtBNI*+d6dWV{v>#YvTwOm z1T;FkSh8!qTC3|xEe)bW6gCvP>w$hSIV^7b)tQ&=M(lwhq8%%I(kV#emFz&>oVDcG(l&pc>I- z4=J+g5-3DNI>5!8b`pv?LA_EY^lEKnsK*N*kzlYdMCdaHMrZ?xl*@{o$r|zp!6VfP zw5BzhfAa${j*dBH@Iny}s^C>Y#EA8VklA)no6hgHH^4X~JmV6u6cCm%bF1khlj`|! zb~^1H{$O|Io_iV!2^(wd&V&g8j8HZutUMxsC!j&y>MZZ^ht34qZPr?*dh?lCN_tNIrogt!~9fdOT=%jrc$G}%()rqWj4_;d_B z9QiQN<)=6ujxSv-XK^>KBu>@8iG{bib;){Q$9v0zwIX}wxvS?}! zj9P8A^9D;Guo9!vS!dpj@iegqGlsk3zncujitjpTO3hD@C=_P&k5vt+`8ATvzlk@a z`b`6K4q@`;TPZQYjK?ucPw&8pCtu?VJt8kng^fa6O1@+lOs6bCTX?2yT>pLuRitK0 z99ApZL5zWEJ4zh250E(b3HqXyk^e`1Z68Cm6d?Dkd+8}Bw_zaqy2dvv IZrDfu4|Jqjc>n+a literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54fd882afe9feab950b9c8b0ce38b3f500ba6e88 GIT binary patch literal 13353 zcmeIZcTiJb@HiSu=n$kz7ZeZ>qEvwZqM!)U1Vp4N(o2vUAV5M?RD__YAT3ns1f@fS z1PfJ)fJnbe@0TV40z5u5@2@xWX1?=#-#_1-v*+B|v-jR}_w1fMyL0xrh1m^GHeogh z1j2dK$lx{vLPz}%SQt()ul~VIPnrsgTh@k$M~5f35QruO;s((?DR_vx8^ryjt~o(z zLNqlYZYQ9rc~avw-Q6_tcuoAM+y71N=62HUeo{2u+}+&pc(gHNeO&2m)c} z`48xRPDIlnkTZ~*2Kv^hjMYr`yz$HLhIh>dZncuHrj58sdbx~nF}$L$p2?qHKmK-p zktE$9t~6$|Ykd5^r(AyQQyHPB-~Om6yvXEmBJb?Q?bDoKrZ;BYngLxX3}_EQriz)U zW@_ZH61rxq|FbTgQ&hd^@V(2udb)?(v)giu<}HUCUFOc9#m}~Z{*)A0p+s{tiAFm> z#6*WH4g~jGQ^xuhySG~G3VxSGr1naPwCFPqsF2cUi7)oB5lWzJ>OA>)u}*?; zw2j=lDMXtWy!iA48rQ!sbI|K5b-x#VFYL04DxZ| zfO!mUbA9TVb|BG`pMkkav$?!AJLPmlTYQu6oJ?%jm!3A3{Oine6nr`S)j+~=p=KJR z-VrUb2Qu}kiq7gs+iWL%?*pHK)}LUXkeiA8U;iB(Y-9AIa$2}^9ly!#z{7p^mdxMTYSHbK{{DQLtJePEp?2UwhjlXC)|L&$BGnWT!n$amI2h-^ z*XJy@#jxW5w4jd$S}x%93bt5jNJ7j}3?ceR@5;Q$+nMJA4N=e|M=mwTZvq6#&y}UU zPs0L7B?fK^Nr;)!2NDMQ3CHX3^-bhV^Uzxkaa=nvBwZvr#zRUxnI&cLgvs-6wtBrn zv|+;0FkFIsp=DHf-1bVY!=W})s~ftJ@mK&jB|%VA01IDJ2~$3RAIN7=G2S7~_nFUg zaVg|v`jWBcI|U{u3_LE}?p;hF{*`R`>>2M&PcYzLTX9P$mGxe_5V|9$Q5n>+LCa=; zZuK2iOzx7lJ3aO(u+TL+JByQsH;1n*VL3!^1Lik!>OcJYTv10EL4~vGrfTcbXAox3Z9R0nbHI8)GXyC_w2sqm*7U<|_iqML4^erw z{7M;*_^2_R@7`Oztp94rPryEV@v{cV`xXa#|g2=w#Svvzx5_P zJ6@9rRJCQ)f@AfbyjL%xEh1y~+TJ#~RFjXXYO_aD;{(Hb$NTnDFRy1Mvzm1ZF|u?w z#UAhN1{d~9%pv!Z(R&+mekMEq%^6nq712F+jt`@_#n7gS&dP;od)n(w?|pdqDm!eP zksuBuC_bsT6w;d)W393&V-I$M9Pi-dr-vI31gO@NhtwSn-irKM`Cofh#zd>vg~_4N zWBbsKm_4cfFYvI~oHSM^c^!7*4<$EtyO8T z!*s@!8d^ggU_c@_MugVyZ>YEp`Y9gy_&<%h%t&*KKUSECz5!Z1tLvmLQ-*)o0%pMQ zyN!_g;-s&tO?fYob#?1?)F&**RHCzQJt0Vl!1Hg}ToE*KnQXX2K(pPM(L3C3(YslG zbPwdj(naOR9d3BJK}q}<-))F6u^9vAa$wyMkiP#yyJk7SoRvo8-APF~25q6@X07*h zeB1WNb;7RIEgJ_315;^C)SQ#{|6wy$S&kAz9IqYt=z-UWcmMaS%Kz9F^#g^tb&cxm zvt*Iq12>t+gBD`BAn@#K`O?y8m$D3#2Zu=A>TDdDJ%S-R zJ0_Kj0k+`C8cmK#;)1MaSY3Axl30<*aV0ZE%)8UAC;Sxo{14xev~V8G9{FLqCPXWm zmne3n95gI0sO++sQC1~#a`w1EA-~#P=`{}BOtp+7Ni8;7@zJ}I0KYY-M+6yE-2BnT zl6@Q2d_}N6a(0oGb|pqX?A`MN+%6}`%b+o?NY#(I`CQZb-SG0Weoe2E6aiR3FIEB+ z33PCElK5^Zpl8Y-`d5CuP-a)Z<&FOt;?N_YluhRmfiG-jT4bfS<1-f+#F7KesxQ1Y zjKy#C1g<75gkWGd%RdTz_1|P%6s4}&@AvrWADsbxyGDl&O8Dv@XHg2T>?ZD2Ernn_ z)?P&QKZB#pt?IeZxAC>>>XI$mRH07)gd+r%cTk<0j6Y8avs;gp2F%67l}{;-*ox~y z!Wjtr5!~qWlpFN{^Ks!^mUC@0cZE7nRYXfY_`8qIt(qO2De6;VHXU^{m=T=le3 z-+YTxWvTs`;f2g5C}JYSEuRp1-GVM!dM}g03~j!+mZo!_1@%o;PfC?Z*pSA9TDnkw z>6baDlQ``?rOgfOjDcebY@k_+&>9n%F;tv6g-z?B+ql;0ud?Q2gZ#^%Y^#T|^b;1L8HaQwllddyk}6+VsIMa_Kxt z=gl>8T(N(H0#0ML4r4yUPvwm;@#p|VfKuP z`R@66dClMQ%fvEf;@Q&#B%&P=8tQEBv0;R}$USIfAosU(IL|H~YGU7$(w1+Krr0A4hNHzOK+VlD5;*eu;q51nGEpFC&XPRZ!Z+44aE*#U#84& zde5m54hly2f9_4hf75$aD)==Xkp5v(&lJf(k|r)pLMDsR^ChuW^u!9(naH;znqqeX z^ms_d9WoQ!O`7@Qz4Z(`UG%$5;mY2eSyy=WN-66po+*5(XpRgnh5B_C@qvp>w@h$V z1xsNG)#pc)V&T72^zAnp#gCjATkKyuzAG66T<2j5S4V{qf=0s_jzamWBYhUU(FPEafU_mQ|4cf{tQ zo2N7?K540F0yE)9;w;#z$`nV_!imrr% z{o`5mMTAd#+v&uASdTtH?oKHV!APnddvSb~t5P6tytr^x9n4k%r1|(qgwY!>!(VzP z+Ju54@U7hLbaBTlK$CJUKTR4ru+NYmN!LtkpKkEQKFE(21Op8-zrRUV3ty5LMTp(6 z!7@qk9@MBcg*$_W1vJEdTAEt)4V?o^*bW>ExElSV~cM77c*0z%bc zlZN61TOFAmn?Q$u6Rzucx)vj+=4xs~6FE|7FRm&L*lSJF-tkS^%NjUm<-&nN^dqlk z5d@J1b4A~p;&;o$$UbQbloUbFO%I9&yp+-;AF4if0Vk_)q43FF(7L|N?28PlCtoCB zN`!PP;WrDZ!6~z!5vI)Bv`&YgxpvC*xwgT%0!n6;nx8JdT5voFN33^h)433_UrL_V zGzEdPYP(I8FD-0{HjiZ0nfX~+7m!8^oBVqbd}?(R&Wet{JT2?+iaVGx1laMszRSzx zPSKux^pT#BEjT>DlAYh`=wN+ekF~x#_u2UKMI*3AE`5uXnj`+*W=7$*+8$H%1E=zV z7Kr%K&uR<#dNmaF$3|M2?WOT7k;$#0Dkg-r1Nen2g( zF!ZQFg2d6^ewcL%{pD{36s~0Uu|){M{Kub>h<}&^`^<=}$6Db~CmvitwYP z%x!eGN`f1u89ydQvSvlW4!(O-Q(c0ksTQZvrjy-OjdW-+GfPg20{Y{S+1JHPZ&;i< z)#Z-j=KfF!5OSoV3~RyuKyn_vvAdR2N*<`=Ax)0QA}$`CnMI1w1}6gJ!{K$_d8L{Fw{Z7Q?Y2 z5CXS8no2enhRgm4U+Yiu&g2$@J+%ufs|bGK^V|uCyd=0?hrq(M_=^m%yp{}i zEy>>vUxG5kVa5c^2yPB7N!=+@ha#V;?=Q78aiUy5Ellj~wDO}Ir;6JZOuTS~45-}D z12w7~z{qkncfzs~&}4mKY#={<>B!{y^;b+8TnAjrsDDb>a&+tSx~j+z_dfrbO!X_s zL=FHu8M5yWm4M74Z_r7dbCbk-5ij5}`PkYPaKuRavP8EQC^}h{Q>@ZmE)CKDXd*8` zaVg$@7SmAhrOWDK%UfPjEhEuNPhItGfj=*4@L~Crlz$aN^u70MDF^(35OZ`kS&$M5 zJ>m&J(s&|4kE^rfs`uRXzbg`}QQX4Vtb8@nIAKd3^qe*Y-*$8*FswI*pF%*pSE*IN zUPlF8uVhe9;Or6NYS!rKuz^ugn)0qX%A`eo#-8lcRBKYyC8Fh@w-}#SX8dwV<&aY= zZee$!_|fSQZHPquSy#CUdbcvPmxajYtwxhCuE?JybS?LoV~Hmlv1n-YpDsI4Mn#Ql zR$`5wxI5YNR`Dj3HIWim1>jahuGlK?J(!`_^{aAsT~>}Bne07H(tlu4N>FE7pI!wv z_PylEZNjv#XE!w~`L1gBpKnm5o>zOpM!Qq_57JWE@r@r)jN0!EIoJVyuqJ&725A!? zzrI_4C1Yvk7hgBSi=yRl>RJOf)i%vvJpmgL(vACq@ksl_8X*4puQwd_xWeX2ABssZ zAF9!~;3{3#7atkBi+~NRU|?cbG$;7^)ZC6xdhPVGUn1L@ZERb-W(KFouxJ#^em{+wxa3i-h#LsZ3RTCqE7Qj|peJw+$Jpa2T?5m-O6 zI>8^!Gk8$6Gu}SpqLpD5uQr-hJPohxi1de{9IpJ8!xH$>J{n!xi5+!y;Mfkn%XD*0@|Ev>Ea6{9;{uAy@ zvp8aRz!`!M%WZNQRKm_{Yj`%ysca5QX%{x$U!zW~?A+DHq&)6V*pK9BhGtod7fe>T zf%5Y+8uprH(_<-4rKE@CCSkPt4a=mPVqHL~Ur}Dk>1ki*&*`-$B1(SkQC6TDHx$W= zW^i9rK4A%x-n?_SfeUTTdu{9U)sOSi-)@r&onO4kP5+x6KU}5rb>`aI)2EleCe;0y z5Jg+mJkr^2d(LmgvjOewQ}}i3zHm}@WVdf z%EHf8(S$SpEb?AH;C7j+WkSUIF#kqZgR3ie(KYZCDarEHg|(N@`yj9s{cqh|!dg1X zokl&ZbTYesC(m31ZzT*|)iqltTiu4&^qc4r$@V=1=NJ_HK=)x2c-|tKz(zt8ro0-- zPU&~?Oe*;4Es}b(=##b6Qx}>24K^KWJpON%5Uq@tF)OyzFbu1qR-R7T61?h#+S*;F zm|LrZs_b;VDm7|*XB79lGiz@IdGnOBIkbdIe`=Z9Phhc+EtLKH@bw!;Mq4Z#;na7{ zRj{G$#X${V8k|BIsH)uQS}cAf-tkded`z+}wropiDIOEoO-Y~o*tW~%tX@;BzDllF6-&!H$Wo6Su@=;WUT-KM&`xHcmT zfmq7DT2BV2LhQNTQV9O0hF6n)rM+2^3gEZYu(UKf#B0Hxl|B7lA0J*pFA>g{sf_6c zGuqoTIWBml=ymAIb3Y!gLddj>nAvelcfHG=D;Kmj(n5W9?H&}}69|6l3DwoI9eN`7 zTaoN)l<1CDC66_n_LeKC*t7$a=L1M953jniipp)Q$lqMJJ0t(ahXIzZd|mXe!zXI1 zguEIkqm?`)g;GLZc1sr^lG(%Avr2yPF|}o8YjTZDKjfs7Pyi!J{ohXLn9Y7@zv1Ap zQ$qF;p6u~#;Y9ll)!~Na&$>~9suAna^lkOJR|LP@)L+wI)#jkvVwp)~o%_3W_HWDR zPst1^1Y!a?6;ij6dox;wVe)k6>%x|wfB7A*HB)c4=0?I}+YH&v6st%Aq%U(mbmCE> z$lUKvW2H)HQPI0hy~XeJe7jC0uX5^c5m~#NR!X*=>BY?tSdTPth_3}gsoq$8)@eR| zlx$a%Ti5&}Ok z!FQxr&mkF|Ur*5^gl;E=Mdw@JnMI2rxCh^=K*i%Ei~V|czjUGSVvTR~BvH>a;$9rK z$TBurn{?R**2)^h zNU7a!Js#9R`3SdaERbgcjCAPfQN!oPiBF07SyrRyktUmdytT#)sO87`;!xPz%pgS* zR5=4IL5C|oR^6_X)}1W>TkdOiFP=x5i9oo29UQ}dll9}&?f!5q`C|9pctx3E)*gF> z3<_>}?w9odY{ zdlNA_BQh@7Ap+JncwUl;yDr+vdP{gK9OT8P-2D2auK88UqZ!0!`kq0}u^B!8z4QQ` z#4p*)8^81P{utj1->i-o`xfD9yyY)|-*_u2YnCXp3k9Xa{QQ_m;T!V;K&E1jB5H;2 zah4|h^C^A9XV<+ltGd)B>CXSWNUNX(bw1(9lB&E^5N;06d?6tgrFPYiQS8*$XlV0& zN)oRid6~dSQgWd`eq1RGXd0~nisboMpE257n>|j8baP-M*|y49*or?T-x?Q<-8yA4AvMiQ3_HO(op1Z*Natmz`Q!Xp6i*m=qMC`ZOU3Ddz9_&zPM2 zLjhOhej$UQcSxD(b|8|E-QjSIg|wr{gc#}+B7Ncik;-{iFUTT{bNdX6C-_JRJZ*RD z>BS$__r02fgN&O<*AYysY$2^qQbe{X1+vvx4y#iP{QVS1R+Py@L9;vWKi6Syz$J?L z`xw{xQRpP#F#@3^?NKr7M-(H&edBVY$V>o#>7qQSZ+Hb)n10_y>!~SNB68zKKAm{t z-}Wb$x38?~enKt%yaR+dug1VE$zHDJ71#lqJq*geo z5C!{f;d@Z0yI%yIv2lJKIlca^W!xXVFZHLdSzT1=8HrW|q!UCccId4DSsVXepitDwLR1}j zau5v+C&4KiBc%~!d64gk0Lq-1e!Irv$E&=A@Wc;O#g4x({d^S>p0hmEM2}br%zHr0 zyYfW)p`U}{qxGX1b}eq&?Cs{c$?Pd6*ew4%B?>+Md?{8cYEknR!o~eho(OJXwV#xI~-KE-5WdnuSFP9X|ZAP z>fIJM;)pv(7`fsUm(j|>F{#V+kb}8_LqM{>GcO#z7Kuf!dPhi5Uq|NCT?$%E0OVXY z%SF+gPCsU1O$HxP*>*G-;r(j-*X%Sdl=lVOB`W%73g%B#4y>f-JEjFab>WPDP7?wH zZ;OzKYdLoUo?9*@v4NhnWVu>6X84k|YjxtiC#c;SVNB$+YRQr%y2seYVA!E@)3{&V zfA2V?jE$V0Z%+}dt%qab%;xG)e3pZ{YTxiQ=U^@yyKc&=DBemX`Ze9HvIU$y+syKw zy8mSF%r2DJ;4C8{BHv(QuNT2>B=0VvQ(nHv)NQz7+%^oE}YBWC6boK0b8F2mht!BwQ0rD;69yvqs$_y^(!AOh-ZEA9XSM!289xB126*4=K<1TJ*y>BwJi^ zwiXM+b|m+xAn8&+4;t(OWI5XckQiB}C3Qi{m^O2o2;a_MuaGyzae=el=f=`D`t+~_ z`n0wDTEl-N7D!3xT`thQ{naO3-LkQGniAjvb)vLzk~mvqWx2L5;ox(~I&$4aLQfur zZ&sKDuPtf)o{CA??aN3qxh1>uhNATT=8tbf@TQY+Iex{e<`J_&9Hz~>2Kb@|C>*_L z8r?nftj&G#@7?#>#}CXLAiXtv2$4o62`DLOT%hYwH6WX+apkN&N-YBd;pzSFEWld$ z6IF++u(fSfi?=a_UZIh{X<2|tWO;xR7H)oytO(vyCk0x!Z}7?fqf4PgIZ z8`W$tpCRwbFFvIojeOqdfX&>y}rF|5y|mo}|~pe`vR6-Q#UP$w0~w z5eiq`x|E8@xh6IY{PWVV5D#U343DavT-H1Stc7zvm(A_1(YxOsPXcn`T(pNJbDuRiCem zsb)r;hru6TCWo@gzT&2j>$PdCY%6QZqzKNeGda8JFievFCf3?hzIY{IzTP>zQ+Ijj z_SdTu({F_Fli1hiQvI2k2xh4dh*7lvK&0dgXZs41TvvSoH{@utD&U$+N0V% zKPNwdOb&2paXOV(>{j=2_;3g#YUBox2Yok3S!rb>(_b_waf;-+1_DE`=9(~wwqZy2 z0ht&)iBUDZx;}FIY!*3k?TiZuYF>R4dRHT*T7r6xp?obs-+MS^gMTat5Ltg^1-J=V ztLb;UryGJG><;tSQU;)i(#3shoAq+41|G1P?k^MV5;WId@k`x#2nco%phUs53gCx% z11;l+0^R34?>aQsQl>d22f01(M`n4N)@Zigo#8i6{d1 zA&4=n*EIP{{b2jn+P}U@z~jmEJ+LckCmvXSF@7CzixjTtw|s-Z)eVZN?S#j2$L=O4 zicekfkb>$uzcC+q(zOOa59xRP$hP2~f|w=H(2}XkTb&`P8V1b@Mcf8T?b7xwAH{NQ zU3a$7HN^N0NXj%$;2({}chUi@hdk65=;aI_ayo|vc3ATL%Utr7(ev6H%HMeq;%CQp zON5_g5}8Qpo_D_shNT8v5%&(3XI`yA%P(FA)u}JLCl3c*72I7#f() zxP#%BGU9ewq}&#ALl9j&)2Fh7xcr|1HhpQd3Ii_sm@HBY4;pKmt!{$}vzfDFB3j3$ z*uQ{-t$31_=Bf+X{PMK=lHC|D?B~EmWP7s4E;Nvjsxl+g8wDufoS5)p50@~Q;hr47 zjl{I2Pf?thl*~uoV6bb3w<9Lb9RbI$3zH@<5ILO$<2vuavAsFk^3P{6arXx}oPYr_ z>kBhaUwL%aQmlFrQ}oUeKzJ^vp1Q$9womUKdWgqioy-2Pihr57Hz|esk)s-}8*e!b z{~$7<06Xabp5P;X@fHMjupW6Olr9Q^Z5^1?qgay&+n0R3%=8-iqkvg zc}MOK0R#5ee$Gqph2Wv#7qVE5r_Rh&HIWmIC7(lzD1ym|@NW+~@N zk_cK%SxDoR2Z%`2F5a_@rXyvo`1WauI+xdCFgQs;kdOJgqf#xbQDpD@S}&J4t1q2X zER=a10zWK#(lOw|AqI|%TGXkXjY=eM?IcEUUi=$ja3k=?B6#Vd_`(wVy8(Idy`T(L z7<`q)-PKXiqoKy^Tl=SD$kh|P_^U8Nu&B7bY8}v;-?owK#(5%6(>_srHdDw73QhDR zxke$h0a)TIN8XxL<+Ud7nPIiJcZ#@LIo_xgqbZ11+%{5z20gLslIyqN3p>E`26tH2 zC}w!#a$~LGnT{qEYDcqOC7qM9VnaU5PS_(Zrvp|&uUChb7sWZ9+U*yFi^4wT?K%Pl z)k@@pPvMY@l>z=34Ye00Ku7V+dDKF~w5&#*X^uGKv=NxkE`Y==~aymtQ z5N^t_5=NN6|D!zd?+>bEr=as}cVB>au3{)X-7c_pn9#0nX$f6mtNc~V#S^=^DP_(I{`FQ+gUyagC~+b#jJS!CWM zG@X<0NNnM~a|X~L4xOJLe-r3wzLdJfuKaTh%}T>+D7J*M7DoK!@VHuL3FYjC468!2 zHl0MnY5d!62l{&g<{J;e`@0*vw|gPc6_jBi7X@%p#ZEhF?usmG;O<&tp?!Gsiy(-< zk&)e1@-pfYN(SbrBR}bI|M%iV;QTfpVD24M2OORP7_bEJ0+YFk3w4wY{bthJdQdzGp6PGR4Anv=#N=S8}SV+RuKCd!@9$xAl zHa0s)%3?x`e134ja7Ga*K-sX!&9G{ul#{jR^H(ef8nZLr4flon=Y*THOP{$X^G=+3 zD^`_jtM9_~-BaTPRy6zJKcL_%FtIj^s40RDLhwYX?5z{~M$5J!+ua#AW=x^X_HTF{ zS_AVh4s(Faj53NjX-UY#SqTSYB5luKlY@T@3lAyq*n}A^crfTq!LmO8lLyCpzZc%B zhH)jeu_pH~C)-q7lgG3iy;~_HFCyhy$L6!(Xf05Mw*^L09P*Ql5=Xo*q=#c&NDp6r z;1nl?yM*E24jB3PRBpg*Uc{Z-+QJf44(>iT?w4L0#(6k%NsQ>d`EwD4FsV2HNT+*y ztQ>+*xrAC=$PtRh8%-B7>a{(6{Ccl|iD=%!PugHPF{j4&lds)|;=Z2e4yUy$Ms`XC zi_P1kQx-NN%s|EMD>o&SszMo~&5lZshv}~O9@>dkpy12EZFSpxC=~V}_5szxIVVLxGrzB3YH;KZFz-X&!ZRVXAn$XMCBJyB$g~HVfc2(NlM~Fc=_MXF zExBi3VBF|XxrACBbbY;A9t-ONtm-mC7v=NXAKdW@m(>5ATFbcJmB?uIBS8~13letqNG&lOXQ`NI3U3E@k>KIw^=W53lt#639vN(-8Ke#iP( z-b5XFT8PACn+Tz1xQf4efMldOfXxO@=l~l7?%mU-5>ez#+YSY8R3Hx|`q#{2mA7@t z*-sLGua$%$p=eFrz(j=hDi5imwV%VjL!t!H!V*2F%{;1_uoQ!Ocsu@z#48shlvd_Y zrW_qg))MptfAufpJU10VKve2i&rYB?qu%`9&jl6h;TQ}1^JMK0f4UfcE^}gKi*A3m z3Q@{jVFw&VNTn2Q`gf)i81s$3)hZs6hYDcHb{AEW<qkN%mLcw;zBchv9EaD~P?Tk87#Mh-MZo9g5`gZ1hfl5TVJ~ixo)k9Zt=)1)Ll8N}C_DJg1gzOb55P5spAZDU(PX)*(C@T#3y^_YdSu4alA z(I<4B%f~ma7}YfcX-Vl0m4`S#?Ksm9^S8Q$T2jk+o8?~3p5wjk%$OLc4Fv<<5>_xk(0F5?@5kih&r zBa!JDSD@Ymw(#qBY-3z9!9A-l^8DT;rS8MBs62F%6KpD>KL)5qEvt~0QpCN}u`$*n zS!!g7bAjcH>v{3ivMU25W~$>ix20{e2JR%0plxB1JfK=h7ww^=K=r~**}iG*yK%Je zyZhG+EP_CV9COTscOrjYs$1cq-5SSd+=|j?pq+XEu6dDr5%Zg=V>_(TW-AjxSOPN@ zcP`TnpUCQo(YrP7vAOUJ1EJ|_EDNK5ZDHaz@^JoYWIg+|j3qK14 z0zq86YIqw0fl~iNO!Ox$uXi|ZoZQN8n%yxvJUTpigg~?)5EqEnNx?%Nxj-JB)Kw=< zS`aNQh|39SX`R$~tw%0ec)S*V*yVrrc5yjjKRPK|E{|MX@OYQ1DwnE5ycPuipWZI` zN05^?d=(x)QiUHG#*Z9UJ%aqF%Lu;esH*B{xa#Pz{cYPo?eH*OYj^}dd{i}jG(3EC zI3^f8;qrN7ZRfDc786JfOjZ<|{j|G!?4i=^ZKOboN{RqFr< zg!RmS2--J>r9mK~kZXpQ@1QeRvsmj#Yf@5N2~wHta9Cd^AM6b*X3rq8Vhvli@Z#~+LuaNUpyW|4tzXX>t#M0ngFAktCNC@pp6y?Fv}xy z{SG~*fFIBqgiI9vzp=8JXd+ESOy;}@0lV+N$MvsZ;)pt1pyYdgVS09PgBH+pn?Co&)Zcl}ZMAjy$V5#FW3%^suCD#Kx7HI7)kLzT zJ1&^OV)px+5~Ynmf&iT4%P^7-*w$qr5*&Khb?o~f#l$d~=Nb8z5`(+{6)S~Tze>6BYQ zcigWZV^&XhM3{&m&df(NKD7GzbuXafYueBy(@2w#NaN|LCbvl5&UmpIDJK2KgTv*I zD?dNk4GI9>B)`?vCK3_J-SDa5N7F#9XyH*2nH$h-k=6|B0c$ zvd9*+Q$Nwvz<>+gJIltBD3=)-(eJ~n;g~4m&f)0Aeiw?tp(jEqSJTf1Ayxw1boV0*x$w2m8sa7H# z3mPD-UbmWDRhn7Ko3v9ocGi@cYRS7CH#+b8Z|wMRcAhFw=i?_C6)P%!(~tRl{x^t- zP+RQYLtQ@ViM#g&qIcS2O#vU6FxYEd0f}%o zplyXQ6WN7v&l7bT8IpMEy6g_C?^y@hw?!~x*ZHaI>&G&K38_i#N!YO0JQH*xPZ4XB zT$Y<Wak@uIDN28^0K+!I?}+qBDu0GI!5@0hG2QZqmOH|Sd(oYvW+x~vHrP)hzc z!_C8*zP?-BYaY`A=$my<5p53-50xAgkH-YR$KQBU$foo9)3aH9y)j}ptyQAkx2aIb zM1z69IY>0CRP1x27G%;~l+XK*`-uj#PHwI*N(7A;(;v4*&>kNh`OK_297J-oA9RHE zt+42=gnZSfR-WE0^6lqyjXExHOZVfH9j%kWrbp2BCmihcFg9NvJ229!A@f^p>k-Ej z7pM{29QF5TnJOC-hX!VIF_-3fsHSNmEm_B_O2;*Ryb1hNk*1hF!n3fw{dtE7)~Dp3 z&Ke(+oS@ej<_yS92fE+??X}Ppuv1FGLg_WJOW=w6kx-Qhewg0^is!4)3jd}ZJ$5zdyHpuzEDVOH8sV6gVAO_?) z!2)VhYecJU0NlIh??54sjZ}g0iK#qQz2+%b`A-M;F{9!8vn?_}xed)hd7qwKaGiL! ztsL&4*C@5dg!L41h!K#z_On7~iMqeFbI3Ds6~rI!8^s=I{oW9BZaTU{&%rQi`BUw^GQjR6zn{)VDc75(hRbM8ITAdHYx?THUj0HV;;!Bz50$K=;UEucoZ!jnS zmqtiifT*w4m>bg#DR(@GH-8?m@WLEI$vGFW4nL6YkpWIu5MCcd9=m1H3-j49Vsj#L z%;_k`ghlE?Y>_qsmFy7=5w0a#Qx234vkJ+d1SWP&Vk_DC)TYMt1pW(GbP^`W8FQYm=13NgOSxb*hDI0=0oUnVy>jFThKv!LH=jjqm8V2BG9r%xor?(knC?R@ za=iw%qx}7CUfpW8@q5-A6Oe2b=5jmp?SH>!SiydxWR(f7=@WC~d9JTovCisW-dMr! z&jjsR!|+iiH!h3w^;_U5?LKC!%z)BDoEIbU(p|L~-Ne2UQIwd$OD~v6kH|ZP;KI*T zX$JgXg$GL37-LOAwW7o(NH%VfgBCL*%sw7d>Hb?Xn0gaT22B4UaJ%9bT;@^7Ma2ZE zr2BMpiyfB`wABR;M#2jFs+mRK=d;AhPB!12iULP(#&T>*lq+x}O`I0UjTNGm#v#uT z0}>=RJioQ&$fq&r;T+)Qa%^KCF8;QzhZ0XKUczc!Nb30k7>neUr;w0_yHfI2vPJ;waIBQxh&7<>M1M>csJ+NOfz32 zJN8Nyxn3QZ4u5Jhe3!8Ht`q@Ygav3)U$kpm!zE~iAGs6N%BP;`q@L$O+p%djs{?jN z0jxyYrsmF%f%Xah?l?eMI$({5^c0)XY5hz0Xn~uG9{$jtI_e2n#thc#2>qm^POGeD zcqP(OxP;)@D%}f;XRY{=b6!<@a}_+9uyWKdwruiHOBcD|A2awK#tm?EeqD~%D-)!} zykdu;(!a4_^68MDEqMq@C6PWc?{LA&A=av@@Q8acrLT6?H{bCL3c?zvq{|~IP-P*+ zxE!j9!9L}a*N<3<^{tFX7VP!iq=^FEfPIcAjzUvs7Vl|r^Z{T&Co?2v9XwaM@5#<5 z%R=*Or!J;lb7nFn6o{^P^z6P21K7^3X)~r9=?FlGk ze`CPz$CzpHICqduR5J(&%wvfZ*!XwoW%=nc484yh z&=PL#)e`?lNdM;I{=&GtAz!G3I0##td2e4;x*`7Uba;Oj3`l6kZ z)BqPC#R^m~jk^Fz{p!}gcIU)mepx>aPWw@_K8%<>4|+q9oUiVgHE8p=%78&cOE6s; z-g8oSPKqurv7(Bo+~`|(LF2Vw&1^_s>Yem4_#y;UfiKUP;wU6nN#oMY`wR{-wu~Hz z7Z0nOe{9v|Gf<#TgM=un)&7Ic3-EO=s*a2ho8FT?2l)D3Tmk8V$Ap=XN_LPIngC#ev($O4^V3N)PF4rId_lMo-6Xl zQq#k&vyU-QxJz`cGvOOQI_MpWr7_>*hvj?|!2Lo@yp9>8+pU2%m=0m2BH0mohZ-YD zP7Q5r$LY1fj%>{Oe4{=!tvhaBp@dFEpe-Y;b%rr_ge)NBi#r$>LxLS?~(ys2l;es8?lyXpqY<_9)Rd7nalkMLyo04*5wb#PSCr(9=etopGU-CoscbhcFX1nV{ z8v1We{`~xWmb4TyicZJTLv1}iXAMp%Zjj#=P>QPNqt<3_`q>;6!rm}R3S6!WdoolJ zS?vX?gS}B+^aPVdF~j#v5q4T364-_hCU>=}-b-#gT3fseT9hogopA~+%Cyy>osMqc zJcK6JKjxvpIA;1O5R+)v_YCh@8lPL+K@UEK9|Bv}uE|qiZ`N;y;`< z(W5ZDNiL0U*FEGWV-f|B;epfhg~o7V@0aI$`_`)vc?M3-hYQK)ii#Cy|Ku=otyFQv;$cAdZ2}5RU-#Z zoy)1#u9v)tXymD`sbt4y7`C0iUc-k6jBbCQ^*y#V{%o!199Ej_(jJ{>>5S|C^hgMY zN@wVL{g1z?>%$HshxPfxphi!!c!-HYhKxr3Y~BsY>NsZvCL|@hxr!}2)az~WCD27H zhV3RWJyH3W@K`@Wa-~oa4s!BpF8^V>eUWo6Yh$Dl&>Q7fXc5sn(efihjT324Aemf^|DS(bBQm^1uA< zS&_G_JxR_C-UzfbSwMN-A}N(`Cjkgp;~bf~4=$k@F~(Q~I>Zh+=;W0Kn`F44d{*jN zX_3eEh%BnVhM&WGkxzn+H8X zRTBgtrXB>|la`N~_cC13Av&xwlU)z+%o_F4<%)fEP@-9EWeXdzt?|Gk#Tt>#sdicC zwpZW6?Z*#xLQ2QGDI1Kta+a9n14UpvT^;QDyBG2&(>nw{L<*}4Kqc!S4xfhop0R)s z>!+S!{P`Yn1Q776B=YTgZj83U7i*42;|uht7CXes$pSRR{_A}!r(5?6Hsqhs6)MN5 z1-&!x-L}BLYfRbq?PWn5vfM^ev{*?<2{*`mg_~G(vMo;BO;>hD=wT!8&Ks(JRwQ=4 z9OZzCtiw~A%IEAE2?iEij2^U5ZX{2t9H47Sr9*J&IyorrHT3%1f7f{&SA`E= ziSK67Xc#8+BPA>TLBdq(yX`*oq1un^8Dz&QtxI{FinqHZ%knRivK_yG0*z9 zcERR`W22uxy|UZatRAh;>pEXK=*u5T)%|D@6taW)T#RnI`*&ynMv-ZyJT;3ZFrfL* z_V6X67<{#DRkhBtM=$;xUvIMBl;K(DMPT`ew_p+SXm5!n*oUNK4IL+w9~rp$n;w94 z*@pwU+h?!_V1}uvK_<+q6D1lZy^_3_e-LcVtGo>9I~gsii%ZY zcMy#>IJlF*0@|yevq(CsB`*u!NRQr?$lBls=_2ZUIjP*@V9~3Am2fEWfh%${rp2kH za=?uv;8CBKzMvi6ui#h{QFu|aDXRch{xiUHjU9Y7DPA4SfI8C1Y7oXGh`+f$SkHh$ zV6TmLMCqkzF%{g~ZV zq=2)J!8BNJS-i!I@Qj(Y-Y*szTI`BU4A>5`08=K*_4AkVcMQ?xPgY5%t5l<6H%b`k zI)T=V)>e&h<=7+saBX`iAuGyn%jfImb+=qAXtwuF$@9kZ)i!$`uuk3EyjEhJPMLVUUqSNz^Zc+hz66_D@LE+2- zoW1jg;d6NPJ)G$610|z+xq^^gqa+rhcti^>=owM_US@;{Iy{DIYoGUXh$QXdcb5A% znH;|7Xl&V-f;y2kgi)G4-&+EB#nyWF=lnIZgV z^)HSd&h@s)afqhyHsCoOa+uYJMzegB1EAs-?EDw+N|-RX1p?)LvdiATxico zB6ues&Z%TYPpF`+tL5QD7GzcPAmtR}aU}3SPMa}%+(nG+tnM0em`6VS96dDJ7pvj4 zP?O$oDs<(Wo<23?hf4Og#hlhekBY&q(igDb+MxDQ1BsOadm&H*yec6J3w~SiZ7f@| zpoi$5I~)F|xo5m-@P@^K4YC^Z4W~5BqyWNny33MMZw18Y@S~#ihe$RVfi8En5o?5~ zXC~pfxl%~h=&AahKeUGLZ~_1CyaJ8FpsLM#7=asy0PL8BcVD`vB-@ZJSS*v9*P_VF zSFNIXXN*F9uRs{MlFkfor23zY7~#9!vj${A*1cinHS=6{%-H*kjn8Xg_EMZq7BhR- zV=eN*>o6s~1zzS`0yoz_aVg$l7Mmw%q!)m*S~SG-u~e%To<<0Bj#*i6lu#dZ_DVxXw|*oFFM(iy?@Yz_H$=3ZqsuQ zX^Q#l?OY#}b83u!NM7u{{v=;b#A!qPxNz(wXd=rBs54KF2Y}JEJ5Zkw?qzgJT}>?6 z%|Yz*SLz44E5V=a1O?sVxcTSI`;UUoypIEun&O3=7K^fEx=f;#MAC@dp2jcEUFHk6 zc^Du-w49Iw#PkR6+236sA}4W@Z@hH*B;$Xcmku-Bz;1I!cz@|ECJ=MS^g{3-A8Cd# z_w!A%pt&za$H?Q zqPNB%3EL`5=MZxywWWS9N4oA%$G2wtqyKG}DHhPE!AllU2z8Q$56+QSfkM0%oFGws zHwLQCz_FUz$5&;y_OL$$+{@El9rtV}B{I9=d42v$XW>o-XOWu(>|EP+* zA@v9Td7k|y)y%r|&^e38|BXluylgc;zYGl!#ZK@3&mT>C(K}vsEyeq3KcO`raQ{`z;`vp9gkzoA^PDsWorI z&mSH;w`+%hS|)WeXGlgc$3%5hwOSQl`TMzdE#3EFKA+`Y@{|+V=xe71I~u2i_!+=0i=8(f2Y|0o~Pz5qDf$COKce<;+AK0)8nJk#epA??phURDJKvQ2#i)#crz%yLpV*!Me!E;zt<6siJLrY>qL&vVGC#rjx;cl z*I(FN)utnSWhKFfe0wAka&W@)40ob$ixK&eVo6F5iXzMHIneSuKNf#vF`1?CUl)mr zT{ZxX2Pn48xo}^uCY@|2sL!`WhzD#c##o-q$m>d{e`u;PKY)-9Afz}7SW z?5h~DH!?Z1n&f!$@}QRPsV41e-Z2#mUD@6CmrfsIz^3E~03&IswbQdQL+Zh8fp;TQ z)5qyh3YyvX2gA2(QchI=Yj;a3FlNAZ~ag1gWe?(TQKuzYxeu(V6QXo1>&%3+=6MjiXO zb;9)X{6iTa3O9C1Z=PT!5_;vST=x2lz?*0W`>glm>9eNH_G~Ru;G*nguAeAndg^>9 zD(DMG>JPyNh|)T5{v%54AKGi6_#L;`In>%Wh?3>JJrsX5uZ_0U>Cg07i%xfZ@F6jr zw#UFFzs@v%IWN`u>a<@9|EoUQF=yzrvf|r*$+|U;u_{J&%uxknLD{ zS~C45Zd@WVSYm%y5=|(Th%1$sF7&0{Tl)~9sZwOfUNq_ zNniTl#j)z>T}E_6aTeAi>0(iV-2*Y6kUUa>>AdFYmUW-4wrC%Puz}U}L_o5}6KEY| z%Ep$p<|TO#qCM3@LcW@^4)?Y$2SaQ^b10o5zbnsy%A(E}{GyJw)}KdtL{df;b|X_` zY8L2a0n6x3v|)lJNPV;Zysz(`w)wb9O?4KF!m`BGTVc3(zdq*A;3*acT!dtQvFjIs z4sLL{y`0XWoM8>Vu8!`cuk3hPo6gQErBdK9V}uoP_ce)bJG)~Nc!9bfI9-|d@%Vm)lYrQW}*@#1cvbvg9vmGOcg})5u`7o!C zaN(BMUFTgxEuoY5aTKflhnKymPS^zmfKKp6jI{4v6 zw(y8hokJGO+6;cD)cmJ~ojXTgq9`?uMH6ntdizZRA_UEljw4e})F;p99x@p+mU9n2 zZbdrq1S}+laTf}e5D6N=-Nnp0P@OO0i>n6I!QRM?;&_C-X zL%HpqA&MdHZbP77hK1w%s!y)}T!B_YrE>4(Q;M-T*MEpL|CGKb;M-VB5V*VzBy>6D zoq>)W->DB6&_L zigB?pe|ltft>K+XB^-et2#OPZ%R(&c7cwt5Ki%gJe!UzLaT;0H|AKksc$MLbYt%gL zF|M2^h7K9B)CK&71b}hLWon{|D5EP3Q!1d72V(s8t*htP*pP`z7Jck4{w(OjGaYja zUM(D>?Bj7VSXjACOTg&wEAhKd5AMn;|NU5~g^wz_kQ?yw_jvw9&2vp*FAIy$3h^VN zK8!S#5Q~E|4k={R9yK!``3CVjx+0K?Ec;! z5)63xMzwgg+zLk-`@szom9I1Fg*$KZQQf{K+S4_r3nEjJ1c`s*$y1FbJ{%Z@;y+k_ zP{Sem&Zm;XyoI<%Xm&&o)D+}2%e|vOuijfWc&>z0umC*EJ@M?hC@*r2Q!i+Zrye*8 z7eo>M!fFZf}Y@ z;g{`mq;iEL;yXixyh>h*Y1%rp@_tlM8MPjzFgRp|d9KkZ4KwPMGY}hpUk59@)Ycu( z@jsOe?i@^jpx`cYbaYQ+bUr8_>P(7{7x z`5~SSD5ccH`U99U@en@D=xNKHu7`2cHd=1wOSkb)w)4>o4G5%5`e}~Ga-^`!WO9lu z+V&09;l?`0SIuWUR{atiZslLm=g2K9BR9XYr3fy@=TNf@r^$flchk)wQs;1ej>B8n z3yY{WYi?_c(_|DCEGc%ywL<2mDX>^4Nc>z! zM`W{&Ea>+H5Qxela!W~wo0?OA3is2vcM>XI0W-hi&0M2RN@o=9He|t!0D5G?U!LL| zZZsnGPuo>CF2TH%);!9b6V5$5=O*yYbHiap@Q1>kR|jMR|0{S1C6oc}L0+!=kU__8 z@HcEm@d^*%(o_M#_ZPjXN6n%nHZf}`#JEjE65RvaxiT1e;Hnut?F!3OJxmQW-n;-yGQpHkFQT6Q>1T@vQD1g{FBZkC;cH~pEp%CV6>>c@>_dDQtr zq99bPZof0GUqZvhfU`}*7(K4@`T$3EC|`fJeN(_Rnm7H^=W4Qz_sr!_MWmUTR*V-8 zfmwIgDPbdCJ)9|VzuGx<3?^w>pBVn8b`L3 zg(UF55I0U5*In|(KeSuENwEk9;@gLGqEds%LO?k4xCL*3_QWjU_fzEkM%ngu=i8=Ege+jPq)jIQ6ddnS1UT4_3d&2XLW}9)`pS;;OBCPXk}l-}IR- z&-F3G6%uUwEFuZhw!eyj+3cEh1I;r;O_NMHQWCw4U`$?{MrsH;{Vn9^A6ov(~JEyPg>X{gtguiG2Tjqa>)?~#>e z9(T!8W*GlaW{14OOSkQX>9tTjZ6iJ~IjwoGSoq)LP!uv+U%#5bgh3pN0aKpF0#3_w=mZXi?G>ravk(?6ue5FG7u z^Yr=`hyKP@+uo@uhoidGqZ?w3{n`rJr+P`7#(XT8>vX?JX$#kSS~`gE*Adr2 zRw3#c?u>aBhMyWfBFKK9-d_2Q_7uG;wLXf)P@g3vPattzEZWw)xDi9 zKdy!iy5LGn5#v%^jB`>{wbxSNccUCnP_91(=O!KCfY5I--`BX-fAknj1yGb(cqQ9o z!=v^!@P(KA!Sb6tQoor^e5!Vy9P|4SMx;X42Mah=a+NXrnL_=KNlV}cEZc(Q!kj|Z z5sa9%GyP(*uB^3xom5>ZgwaUkkKh6pO%~!_*H6p@0NDeujAMS-s&SAR4-0Rv!qK3})&rK0ad zrR#XGZk{qbO6qEKz9#$g+zGg_wKQzv7jX#8vrw;{O6mtZbcTPboTmSTqZIgeID%Yp zx?$gW8_)mQgEZkh0E2=MP9kfI58o4U2Pe53_PE%p(@eteyo|G$)a#X{2n-q|AFJMP zNdoM5NIJSk9G-Sc)wdp;Lrrpx#x-^Y;sa1b6B#=K0;pIhh@L?2a?dO*I>f> zn}ws@6+HHmN6!Vr&H=7A^Y-b7Ke@kXDk^qquS-&Y#v`NYIA&ab>^w zIa`<x zvb0xB;H>~V@6ky7q-|2DD+ql>q69>yhn(b_{&3ALnZhUu5S%*xV937~CnN5EZ-2)cfudx=;-l{M^E~4SzQZpBkVd zi=Qo0<=RoC2)p4`aNXY!$*Ovvp?ZLNd~4fiu)wChz3if3GxR--9xe`lOE zzI?a#=R;%BofBpseo`L9{LHYr{OF;xW?lW{CtLR=1dj4^D7*Me?lUQlmsXaX4A{Pr z4@P<07Q?NNwcKkj8$g>6y$;Wr9j!(-88<@pbZv6ml~$ihEX5k?DW+$X1(ctkxU@yv z85?25>&t;!W|K<~`pI&DtN41Z&Lh^~FJ9kUFy%t3PRZk^sBF5&M9BCSOwM9Q-1_kg zW+Xh;0vy}f2;4aO0Dl!x0Srd5pnK764{nb+?(!j?EKM!dlbmg3PT&Qvfp>IDy~`8a z=-#v#jLGDN=UM8~soCG({YOK@bT0d_A#*9%$0re|U|3TM=7pcl?Jom`+OzTvS|D@y zMxNJzYH;2}$Pa@H#iW7)YKUs6Y!E$7ugK|B)J53E4_DUI_Oa@3s0-mD3JFJIQpY^x zp^qa$$N_fG*^T8C;eo_5y&VxY(4-h`j=Oc&`%`bv$hAW^&K+SY{M9-flSM?UImi0m zj{YY~f<(NP1$wuN*9#;+eWt3mbAbO0*VZ4GjLFK`JfWxg-8Lwh0czzQnOn@7zlHg9 z+ul(<0WQ1e`H5ZMLR4JetTWSW;T!`L0_$s>{@@Ipx>am-SL5``ufRY?`)}(Dle%8c zyO02UM*)N#G%0lJFIcNHk#v=9Ck)2*@KIrV@O-I_?7pH5&U!>W{P@$7oiu!IiydrR z)FS8o^~tEMy*3s#l&-6rP0PgT$70q2ROJ_A4^7=ik@|NSsqli>xkxs!?Rpu8{V$Rf zEN*LNee<*rA_TCd&OjmsWEqsWCQIr0ug?~F4LQS{z zJVGu?U*>BW*+iFvI Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 22:34:17 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 077/173] Emissions Data Choropleth Maps --- Emissions Choropleth Maps.md | 11 +++++++++++ 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Emissions Choropleth Maps.md diff --git a/Emissions Choropleth Maps.md b/Emissions Choropleth Maps.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..213d361e --- /dev/null +++ b/Emissions Choropleth Maps.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +--- +layout: page +title: "Emissions Choropleth Maps" +author: "BillSeliger" +date: "Thursday, February 05, 2015" +--- + +**Exploratory Data Analysis Project 2 Emissions Data** + +[Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2/blob/master/ChorMap.md) + From 806c778e38bc60c16ee55b1cf78539c040ed8da3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 23:47:48 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 078/173] updated eda --- ChorMap.md | 155 ---------------------------------- Emissions Choropleth Maps.md | 11 --- README.html | 102 ---------------------- eda.md | 3 +- figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png | Bin 11082 -> 0 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png | Bin 11923 -> 0 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png | Bin 13371 -> 0 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png | Bin 13353 -> 0 bytes figure/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png | Bin 13015 -> 0 bytes 9 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 269 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 ChorMap.md delete mode 100644 Emissions Choropleth Maps.md delete mode 100644 README.html delete mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png delete mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png delete mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png delete mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png delete mode 100644 figure/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png diff --git a/ChorMap.md b/ChorMap.md deleted file mode 100644 index ae490985..00000000 --- a/ChorMap.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,155 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "Choropleth Map for PM2.5 Emissions Data" -author: "BillSeliger" -date: "Saturday, January 31, 2015" -output: html_document ---- -I have a high interest in mapping geospatial data and wanted to work with the data from the Exploratory Data Analysis Project 2 further so I created this additonal code which creates a Choropleth, a type of heat map, based on the total PM2.5 Emissions by each FIPS county. For more information on FIPS county code see this page - -The original Course Project is here - - -This is almost entirely drawn from the code of others found on the internet - many different sources contributed. - -First, I check to see if the data is loaded to R and if not, I set the working directory and read in the data. Because this data is in RDS format we use the readRDS function: - - -```r - if(!exists("NEI")) { - print("Reading NEI file") - setwd("C:/Users/rr046302/Documents/Bill's Stuff/Coursera/Exploratory Data Analysis/Project 2") - NEI <- readRDS("summarySCC_PM25.rds") - setwd("C:/Users/rr046302/Documents/Bill's Stuff/Coursera/Reproducible Research/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io") - } -``` - -Next I require several R packages - require checkes to see if the packages are loaded and if not loads them: - - -```r - require(maps) - require(ggmap) - require(doBy) -``` - -Next I set the color for the color bands - here I have chosen a set of magenta colors to indicate that the Emissions is a measure of a deleterious substance in the environment: - - -```r -colors = c("#F1EEF6", "#D4B9DA", "#C994C7", "#DF65B0", "#DD1C77", - "#980043") -``` - -Using the doBy package I summarize Emissions by fips and year, using the FUNction sum: - -```r - fipssum <- summaryBy(Emissions ~fips + year, data = NEI, keep.names = TRUE, FUN = sum) -``` - -Usign the cut and breaks function I cut the Emissions sum into 6 equal parts. Note that I do this prior to filtering on the year as I want all 4 years to use the same color buckets so that the comparisons across all 4 years are appropriate: - -```r - fipssum$colorBuckets <- cut(fipssum$Emissions, breaks=c(quantile(fipssum$Emissions, probs = seq(0, 1, by = 0.2))), - labels=c(1,2,3,4,5), include.lowest=TRUE) -``` - -We'll start with the data for 1999 (you can fork the repo on Github that has the following code set up as a function): - -```r -NEIyear <- 1999 -``` - -And filter on year: - -```r - year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) -``` - -I create an object of the colorBuckets that will be used for setting colors when I make the plot - -```r - colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets -``` - -A title is created using the NEIyear that was called by the user in the function call: - -```r - title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) -``` - -The penultimate step is to create the plot: - -```r - windows() - map("county") -``` - -![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-10](figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png) - -```r - map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, - lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") - title(title) - leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") - legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) -``` - -![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-10](figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png) - -We'll run it again for 2002 data: - -```r -NEIyear <- 2002 - year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) - colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets - title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) - map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, - lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") - title(title) - leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") - legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) -``` - -![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-11](figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png) - -And again for 2005 data: - -```r -NEIyear <- 2005 - year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) - colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets - title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) - map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, - lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") - title(title) - leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") - legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) -``` - -![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-12](figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png) - -And finally for 2008 data: - -```r -NEIyear <- 2008 - year <- subset (fipssum, year == NEIyear) - colorsmatched <- year$colorBuckets - title <- paste("NEI PM2.5 Emissions by county ", NEIyear) - map("county", col = colors[colorsmatched], fill = TRUE, resolution = 0, - lty = 0, projection = "polyconic") - title(title) - leg.txt <- c("bottom", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th quintile") - legend("topright", leg.txt, horiz = TRUE, fill = colors) -``` - -![plot of chunk unnamed-chunk-13](figure/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png) - -Lastly, because this was a function and the dataset exists within the function environment I check to see if the dataset is in the global environment; if it is not I assign the NEI object to the global environment: - -```r -if(!exists("NEI")) { - print("Assigning NEI to Global Environment") - assign("NEI", NEI, envir=globalenv()) -} -``` - -This code is avaialble in a Github repo as a function. Find the repo here diff --git a/Emissions Choropleth Maps.md b/Emissions Choropleth Maps.md deleted file mode 100644 index 213d361e..00000000 --- a/Emissions Choropleth Maps.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: "Emissions Choropleth Maps" -author: "BillSeliger" -date: "Thursday, February 05, 2015" ---- - -**Exploratory Data Analysis Project 2 Emissions Data** - -[Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2/blob/master/ChorMap.md) - diff --git a/README.html b/README.html deleted file mode 100644 index 99239569..00000000 --- a/README.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index 0ba7d760..af87ef61 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ permalink: /eda/ --- - [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) -- [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) \ No newline at end of file +- [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) +- [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 4804571b1336dfcbea58b6aa8fdb3107b6c1f43f..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 GIT binary patch literal 0 HcmV?d00001 literal 11082 zcmeHt=QkV<6Yj26qORV%h!!<^uzE{`=)FeoEf%Y--hxOFWf4Mz=%TY5y^9hNZS~F~ zSpELq|Ki?r?uVIq&dhvzX3m`X@FeQJ(jX;bBmw{cq*|J)`TzhB`#*aG`Y)4l0oM61 z5bC`&RJ*&s`w#x-A3DXt{zISu{Z|GL4}iI0Ql0|3O7|1;p!Qur+Zzz)z- zRWgL;9~LBMt!sZ%6~2AYSdl2lRaMl^vixx%l(1Vb$Y(Q5n!#ss`RQT$^^3ceasrX- z6nvNgDYlFeqa%UNb3;naMtXk(t{8&4D*k`r|0YVTRTbo8bX}0iWY{c9Ppx|y%xShb zTGusC0J4$nOSENRJZAuc(>=CX3Z0Pn`f*3+lu%9zJ)xDgh~eF`c$}Rv)ysiBRVtnN z>*+`Ud)Ebw&<+-8l%;$aLc2fC2iZKeB~-Y%;DEX-^}7F!u=58i$l3^a8c{nY}b_;nkpqQh@mLZJZpvv7r! z%5y{A<6;{hmw#u`(Z>fne@y=QS&y>8_$&HjL*`sMJ@7`!^XWhtcw?dg0z&vlcHC1! z5q_Fd{*KSDr0s`MWLQ7H@}>?^H1*A_cS&r} z)|cgENFKlrT}7kM7rCAHTjGx>v{bAl5KFr?JN(!jfidRcSS!qej7HONV~$5l&WOgZ z+elPa<{C}s1_`!1{%(U#+V%HuC*Bd65wx9*-s_h~=$Ch8waHRAX+0a9d@m0=pj8J# zr$-JEE8B<^5B0x zA@(BMUG=H0BhMP;4N;%4fP3;dz6+ne$q%OUpKw@5sE^~eH7ej+gGrpb21j!zSl%w; z_O@W_ul_W0@xj=EhA$mQ*?d1Sg(EE*d{q|g-}I#Txvh5nh}Pu=ud^_8UlNI`+O3cu24ZHr zhaU$k_faM+l-BZxDMM$&%%y*F@m+jGZ7xkU@VN2xHM!xf=hI zM8V#Uly&Qa_Y33r{Lf!z$ebP}XD@uG{d zNl)0XX%#N~1mR2pvd)&_rIVh=&6>PXE`HH_5U1VO9K~HMa%3-!_EU~`>SxPkrsZCU z#Pvzz2w9c#a0ZPPaQa-6%OOld?T6?~Y@|dM)42gFQoW~wpBa*n@+Mc5(0Ih%`;;KH z!FM~}m{QYu5mO5bXF0gx82~oq457JyiC)hw>|+`>67%mSWj$vy`cX&!4jf1-x1k(K zcOZAwwV|GsNc<$qT}$kjTA!b#>3U%9=Z-pXhX{P;Sy}f+Uh--vb+?f|QUH8os%v&P zK{)ufSZp$gQAO(|Z*x<|+Shls^OK1ADx|?Fr*{BDV}hE8X^5i=$OI~I9qZ7y?~cl( z;2+hE0pa7fxX-^A)MrJO{~O~f3Td^&x4|{qO}Eu@YZ~RfRd=eZtCYII@3XOOc#b3( zrHj5~{eFB18@`B%QR#*U*>6(QjhiB#8yNFt~eSvka&-im@ZHYxK& zz)jNMa|#IBZlz7OJ2s4ltMRb*7Zc%h2Jzcxioe+2mA=L;QXzTcH}l$1ix7N%aF~rw z^R~cbtvz{`A68(q?)ukf+~0&|Z<*$41HHRzt7-o`P}O_G`H$}fM${pQ&94zeBJ^Sx z$AZDUv(MYu>-BEe^x4;glQ=1D2$n$%XZ*TuyVTpdOF3)LvV!@b;FqrvVlX!<&G|=o z^x`d###Kr!CG&GQYWueh)kzy%?^HALjK9|_83RDQ6Ng;J_$9(pfjcHP#j=)Dsc$n2y=sDq@WYJQJu7Aq! z$GZ-960AQAud6m+A}E#w z)yhLZ-9%>p9V=|AHVymXEPk){FO2y*DPs3{I ztX7`@$lFf9rTdsWf9evVUiZTlkI`+U0nXGW`MQ z!&4FeF`3!L-|svk&^EIWJx}C!13nW>b%^rO5Y) zmioqa{2h1*;9E}?zClsSm90p+j=zVEcxR5=6~;3ZHstFA{d1!}r08m7Y;@^RcYHXq z(T7~AzaolDSr0a^ob(&BpPIrpVCpBNrJdY4bB>|sDF$K>BjBu zTA@OlJo8s4?-3DlmnI7)nG2L$FCgA%wvFm@KJ8$xo7o$FxhOE|ch}UvAjVvKJzX!k z^ZU~d4h-2osQx)t0?L;B)tZcdX7^#wDE%@o{83jwVR5mid?TA6p$_h{TRq8UPiJRG zA-hoh*;a77Pu%UFAr9lw_0n4fP65@m{oosw%JIxL5>|XD4r~ajO3h}puGF?X@r{jD zN$31SK%J!_rv3KpQ!QXw(}3UJW0JFpQk8F%?7U9C!OWr2QP%A`WBeiLD8W;uC1n-)vim#0|2;&tngjZgJ8^1}1AC^7eDU|jxG=5@(EY98b1;W^iD$Y(mrw2? ziKL0x31I?k5@LbHzE{zw!U2@9199;!sUt*L7~yj6{P;}|(dK3nW_;HGJwz!IBmm8w zr%_`2W;O6mzf{j@uUh|s|4*m-ofv2FZRjiKpmXUuF!mr?3Y^S)-P+Xmof*De^_+lJ z*>Urn;5p>RXUC+rQ7@-vXa+1$kpBK#AWm62(QTz z(Gc{GLa4637&ypR5 zoVd@M`%!@gvb`MlHVAXg&X)yGL7=oR48L@rhdWHw9qr2Ug zTcCxqW#oF9Z=lC9cF~JDL5LWtkbUvRElv4Et;^) zJt@7Pv_f{5IotGoUL+Gce<7LU+dJ#RNC!#QEcGdCtSIytSyOro(KZ*op3JHns3qjI z(Ej$VIsKU8z4Ud0d)5LBPqLI&Q+NL-q?mtuYQPya@Un`ZkZ#l8U7asRL<^lPlG@M9 ziW%FRlvlU#!dqP*9lxGlRDy*?ImBKE!|Fe&<1Xo-5669fU!D4+@wPn8v}g;b$=&L+ zgGyOn9{2%|*+jn@t|rRAe{M!A@$t6gsZ{q6#uQo4BfmYLBC}r?<7t*{CaleG-bglm{cu zb#)`Rhs=yatol{D_{TyO<8F;cYYP+yeAZgltUCa42CCF*UNIk2k?LKLl8K$Qhd$mw z1Zq2{*UUWs!nI5*I93~SgO}Zr^Q2Vl%bV--M9nwPmdFL2Wp+zcRxSv_LL`eqZ#spd zvjehfrZ*gRw)=09EaFz1`rih;q8TQ<@6G=xyd%N!rZMDVkx7)71c>&MK7m6M6sJsK zInPh(-IlsE=^ng$*`kDbSm8mHBkWms#D#EOy=`hJd+p7Z>TG6un6%h3`F2WK%aA;l zMa>t?`~Ww-ty_!zvqGStXdNA+zB$2=Vh~d0`pZl+twrg9pwur-*>y&Qb9HxJu+NBZ^N#%_QVjV{&Xy2o~|O; zMjG^Icl~w-{nn3^D0f>^wq$XNY);WV43esHs&030$+ANACuIY~V?r#4ziB3=w~Vnnn3r(rnB>n>6-OJkjnk){LLq zAAaCTowDLAaYq}BJdcXZ{{AWFxePID_^{F&ezD?8nLVElMt3=d8@)|eh?E>&pSr3nGk2w{1ZU_XW$_c{B=m< z?_y#3zb08?1%1|cyz(3tC0Hu-Vc2Z`n1E$FZn*mls)sOYMC1YaoZL%qb!;68f26|M z02V&^TX*E3dcxdcOoy8G7Y}9;y0(UqDyT{EG`oC{a`ycpT=|bxo#!+3H1mwPIH1qT6?O$G+|h$xEM+r8J14__-?#HK*k% zT_nM0hnGj93ko^SL0gJt*b=0mq5(5j&B5!19+7G%A~ODD2%=anFzX zFRp6gX*eW{r)YktwiT*wHKwwh6}BPBq*`p1ymPYX_`L4VD*2iEZfQ-y@kTf+Omysz z{g*`Kr+K05I83^-Q^u83!~2`FqW1xB`Iux#B!Am?b?cKI08?>9LIV=GQbnRo6-V`C zum8LYvtRz=j{eovdz@e;7=3q4jSxU{Xnu2c!6Y@LACV35%a4ah)AgcxGV!_kiT|_~ zC1bYUaitD7e8D_qone)&Mxmzr$WzxBjjSR?Hd_yja#Hl|S~an&whpC#^LKpE-dUDI zjB;)3*7HO~a%X9=c6p*Ub$p}JXR|`BVK7qYf8RY`cgJTpn5~$nh`L^eGEr<`mlAaWIIiy5ke9RSJf*U=J zYt=MQS}%7fp?NP7LlbTqO1=+Tdy*yfJ&Dskfj|1VuG!*+?`>duN^7rps%5i&7tTHV z4kv5h<#*&StKPN53sP&+v{{_Bf;N2CEPsT)lb)*^^=K&>%Hi`*LXzkKM8>?I&!Zm> zZ(xOv+%NpS$h|0OS^L?l?P~#Zn!dHbpbURi#H%&}xHMc#z?j*8_}4r2F|d zMc*PkfMlNpX)l2N9@pf2MZD-!yc7yaLg>r01N@{_`a!ne8jQh2-Zsq36_se3xN-y= zkuyOdD-7I(^zW4&4XkCF^8MDT}UcMe@~n;ULyBDA%0GCrgGd zd2RzSUO|!bJvZAQ%E0aD{X;=Z_?WN28-bEJv#92?H+pxPDO4XZfdw7?B9h~h`S=~zxu#4kV_g-p*^!dd$GS73K->qDJTmG&CfA-Qx0k`lhEz&IBOdCpVJw@=c z+Hi?@<25Fs3J4~J6gTcS&@f$}P5KJ!xvjdRN`m2iXZb9Sw?_eP)m*>DeMg-VGN`3j zNBME;XD#s84?=krr}Pc=C`@N!7m*H+*WjlFWw=!91tCJ~VP)*Gzt6sF7h-mJSE!&Q zsk4jF%=``l_|yeq(ZFkwW(aUP({yOsVUCt5BK3*GCldDrc}23_=G~!`fy)FdqtXx> zxs}=tlRUJe(b2~C@pWLpeEtwXwsu%VxiqfuzWlMmLr6L|==-}U! zwcMlVewJZA%*f;A;5&INZ)!qzU_rNcpFRHQ1zg?>#-%4>{n&{-h>$)-YKISV5l#NM zlWUL){UXO;VVJ0;@z%5-J!cYelwDboT;_tcgBzv%adhAJ!c<4H82&s)|5!@{#C}cqX zpnvg2IpBlWi4}tla$y#EX!7`5g<`PJPW}k95Gy6zigT;a2U-IqzHS-)3+lH!29Z%_Ij@;D!xDD$1kp&QPbjoSMt!C6#LLUBAkU( z*uu}gzY2F?HTY57jvJgaC{PYrDV?%(fq%V=M4<>PT$;?BLN!GacERVr9+ z?m+89VjAl_#R%U> z1@eE3ifcv=v5^KIv|ImNC~ASd8se;3HpB~)Jww4w2!cZW%g5MG&hTod4z@qy+meeQ z?S87TQ$UR|>PDj+n6~!12Q-E66c+M0grqkxA;XVv?UL-Y8=$+t1~NKe9cpd0z@`cWsjqo7S8Z^@)#~yo z724Zm+zuaO2ZdWw{ylv+Y|i%k+bF}2J<1YaRi-y10lIHrnuMs*sSf+@7PDs6k0;LU z2ca*AY9?&^P5$Xd4Wxzx*%$-^*hNPAZQzm5ELU;Pn#unxa~Uq;=mR2cRAEYKtR%;C z!l>hn6<@z%oGT$>XfHJnoz^b6Aw_RVKLwFm0u&H@!y2rYzpwnY zwx`3U8}Ha(sIsB;YblQMEI+gx2gnX}*?y}!MqyeLTN^fghz12+t47?CIw*}{T;(>^ z*`os!y=xJ51lJd|Y0sAL+IRPTvBo;EJ z{e6Xtn)>S|_hTAsr;sryuks*6hu+wSlk``JRZ5B|2nFq0dy~gl#xRkUH;O_C)y1js zJmWz|+)uOHN*GjFzh>tuHzb#hHu>l&dHHNA+qaU24NzwO8Du};0i;&NO%yZLgHR_qOhNi-7dnLEmfv+cEgR77B&DI~(!M&uK*b~##^gXEzp;q_ISw6) zJ399Kd6)#2r8;>n4JAB9mz11c&o6*cCO)4?e*I5fAE8mzLgD-@^K0fP9(Yk>k?i&f zyVLh}i;8_>?ReoFgPO9611gWbRY_~WvhHT9{@xELpJEYs}*@fa_CjDxR{LT z^fr@I()u)qgO>xjH)W8X%U@N$DX~4iI7x=RK->3Ah{k6#ccrHz+MLJ~CCsCbeIH9g z*Nj|r^pYO^y4wxOvwo!TlgZa}nw+h}QgEV-^WyRIYc zl`ZPR@Y0+aMD(4I_EHP8<^4MuRrnHXf4&)r7ycTu{M*ahUk9O$Am@mT;q($|a!9WE zLoC}NBO}iH`@Kw86HapPT?jYy(NfcyHa~!SdSC!uA-|>pajhX+ei@~XrqO?oUiUOJ z$lt#TfhKB1Hh+n`rCPKhw)Xsd>5wCqHE0KdIW>3Tbg*EUaS;uxvyH|2RR93d=>N0; zYsDE-zI!~Q?^hXZJ`cX#fgd6hDs1#%wv2xHkjU0~i+q6VQ4%Bt zn^FFa$F*iTLbkULx@vd>d)k3%*a^jl!exNM)3?E*VT18G0ZlI7(>~qvuFszIzO^wb zP}gxGqSf9v8X*^NRA?!&HOBr}e-c*d>E$!{8tkq=KVf}&O|Hkba>)c4GGo9cGqb1eR-nmphFr3P)c`!bmRy&6=n8Fw~!81h)U_I(@!h*SW&I zHNx=mG^erdBv-;-uX(sq;;iAJ!-}`ZV*kqgd8Ddl^YzRR=fPlQgRdX7vR@t`jQ#UZ zu*V*cRiTOmb$Zq&tpxs?(8RQBCYXe8q#MXoSNnHw889dl;a(QWX(3ifgVqo0=IZGIt zeS}|AXIm}wYrq5!)=VEy?|y|3QPLNf&#-6-g+6`s;VKEAz0H52aFPHSN-HQdIpB`& ztCOW}hr0?8iZ^WfQxnhc^>D@zppR*7C^;}Ut)U+ka1@v!g=J}k9n3H668pnAO6!{1 z8B~)1Ivnsw8G1R^r(-m{Dld^HP#l(sSOr|`xrTIPDD+Wx@AK=x(?dTZW4rUoGpJVJ zVzvKsI4~MtsS-FJ8DVy*wg`C?{_&!3#9yBd6Z(O!d?&Br4FEL=LMeZi^NtBN#rwnH zk1A` z9Is(9lTLbCTe%%l3idrWx)wl3{Uz$4>~8FFNY{f@-<&}eFLY~*u)5Ot>T^=Ng&^HQ zhKDG@k_GiCCi+3$FkI`CG=3OPP}&ng^ZvaEVchlKxBg#_0Gw%rdQd1c4s>*#Sp(5O zGIDgp%EM~C@+E>?&O$cN#p;pmQCP&GfN<5hBV-F^w+kjlu|!S!*tU~T5Q6TxKU;~7 z?NG{n-+q~k8rYUzHzp@lRE>#1Uc!Oap2ZKc zRST2GVb#I{F@582ZYyKlFJ;I0*5#={flue?x$a|GYHsZaepltec?n25T1HZ0=0_dxg_&x z1ZIlB8+$DhY$e&EO{xw$l}E!e?#ZCxZuR-eF@Z#g?3SC7fQ#Wemt@u0JK(2hy-^T0 zSl-+N3#Nl?`hbfva?df?*(ufzLJ$m-X7>q*icG@Xu--9XTL&Uj^jajLVghx9jOo6mfuZ=T7|we{S9N4-ywzfFDg;vtKHgjV!#miOc*_Rp&Yx)OU+7^5bR$r6@o`{U&^^8uexd(; z_hoY?hGhdUv{kJD*)!+Ya@!S3uibrqMSEw45uHD3B3q9572d;pTe$*^$b9SwlY75( zrODDx-09#bQ`1e%%2sM0oL1WHPL5^D73N$a?C@^z`e(Uf^*?&;Ftyd3SPSPBmTBWMHs5%VgZ>$dur;V@ zX-^KkCl*JqKmhkQY&P#tLHBVK0O;K$eNsr|!=%)?0&aL58|ISto@J)ogEm}?s)o&& z0CREOnqtxv;ll*Fu4Rl&8{mVqL;$dxW0Bo2)*|Ll46MCv7Q-f@VZ@kCVb#Uuy9s(H z|4Se$;?EjYXV1c$+p+qH@At(<%gbHSp*$G2S*KH*hF&nXoqCi2Cj8~t6Y?Dxk*9D) zqdyzjtpn<+RJasxos8_(y?h|929aWK{z;_yJxu?9jpP42>dps(kwiyA8ug}~|Aemq NEwxvw)ylT;{{s<7os<9o diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-10-2.png deleted file mode 100644 index 5acd9d350a7bafad2576707301f533d1cfa9fd9b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 GIT binary patch literal 0 HcmV?d00001 literal 11923 zcmeHtXHb((^luVM=%FYbq9P*FRFE1#q)ClZL_|PEigZCFKnNkAh#)~xkrt35y$MK% zgd$Zy0a02WnpEMT2MBO|XYSYkr+epqx;y90ma}JP_U!E0-Lt>w8|H?bY{G012!zw< zx}F6D0;T=OEDZlzUhg2x{$-OlOs(_}j}HG8ArLhP#2KRYkBAWCREUc+#DxfPsk#WU zx#(8^Po@S@Q-e7FW3~U%zXDOs#aWF=R3naBLoVHes5<{|eP`!?{apT$nzM_uGm+?A zRpnfD7)Tn$*_1_HQH}bxLsWwh|I>FSxlsI;nSUXzf0;zIQ`%h_% zSanoYbu?OablCN_V<^IAh!iqZn>tiGI!aU<9V3n&RgE5vjvgIOhz3%f%hp%_(avF& z^Whlr@TltWX!PIIXd#}}|0ZYr#KPS2`2SXd+>vP(`8O)7?{!;$2!x&YKZgF8z|kR) zQxGFP9V<-g-!%4=an+}!2}KfS?)-9FxoD7=PfNoZ>iheC|d0@SF+v$$l6@iJ~Ttr%gBef}fcKc}3N`*NLU(0+{pZ;&WRdlxz z6Fpaopcxu;2OgFr&vd+)&v0Z3y=%Gay|eqJ?h>u_&<6aSDy7^N3=9s|Gtio~MEB`HQ}Y&( zCJ5>7O7|LeZk|_~`88TqPfkAH=5UPTsAno2tA7v}CF=0qixPHhqc#|aKaQ$KawY8| z5kPa(w_A?ki4D)k`GA{hrdwxg+W>0o$#$=|y-^673{y%o3fUbOyJTc<1T4Sa*nL%# zeRpRD?I=hO)UFEK?O7msa~$pZP+4sd56}HwI$l4lU)=L`k=$fr8CD$ntxc!T`2zQv zke@v|bwZ!TfIgZ}JN-eiHDh0z$1SxFVVYL`Ztoqb{0qpocN|U3H}5vqFm64w4>f;# zRBy2L!4%=T%e@{VfsHJ?(MINnnAddobHkmv&OxY)zAjh8~lS|LUD8!RGhXn-T zxrZNb+kcH}cCq$L-ze3lr|C z+i06H(KmOGH;(MD^tetCLQ1Yj7KZ6w&5P?#BvYADKvu;$=+VG)T2wVJ28m+6DIADp zU0|=8EN62&o;0myP9HPrAcut>jM4k2Iu!%{yo_*;afGEm<6K4m?zvz?9BQ+jU5c^K z^p{@5O36g)QZUKk^CstC`xN+e>r{rRbPw|d_=8j}t=EO650}s|`qW6W{aq8k`eG7i zVl@yWt-VhD^cX$_jtC=%g!lMzK0X?!z&V?g1!}9}t;r)j)Nesao6??U1VLys#`n8E8pN|) zS*zVVoPT$952I<68Ylp;TO9q+r9zK;9O+7-hbn%@Wghr`qY#|`m6$m65MMaN@e>oL9wNK075A8(wCqE9WSABiy^MTG@1 z#iYC6I;wA$HA1O$K4PVxCO6nE?lvE9JK9%D8pG+;NdJ5vm?rjcn5gaCa&J~LWXUK8 zKZK>S(-GS9s@jbyO>fckxv`E0>)*}7NAt*I#oLE?3oxVvcj4CYwijz&WS~o&e0W&j zBX!0Ao%lf*%}4u)uO|5V>hF(z6ahYW*x}B){bY?DK1}Aa*oJ0E<>B4KTtqYdkN;_F zUWlV#{^8Ed+VkV>`DPg)>TZW?i*$JhGLbw#78%kzWuFt5-p%!{U0I&R?+)acZa%c0 zSaZNdyW1anur77-{Cs)d&qd3=TwSIl^eCJjc9^d^=NR@UvPFPXt3qK!89=xN|F_G$ zlWBeYlMLl=mY8DZQ#CX?^ASh?Y=jL3^(F1p26Xk}J4}Fz6xFvYp>_W08a?B zP%2B3wAfFBNz$t{eg5Vl{eov(7BOp)`*)j~Ls)6gDwP4E9o@%${D1?%1}n-9uQSoZ z#E+?AH2bgOUztEC@f=&FpCKr4t5b2VfY)#Jj?S&dfoY9yqr)9Xt>vrQ@6@$4w&vGD zfYa1n*zwrs-!e+G+PGt?wqKz*<=Bh2kv4td06?%w4!G+h!B5Sh4cV+(BmNVeDA$=P zf^0W{s6IMa4v)%Sx{CO{ZDl!V1$FP1VTs>0Zs57^Qa?=ywd~*^2mL&ygWHB8kk8s=_){XhpUia7t$L9rNc2P8 z&~G>|R(g%d>|p-Qs*|9R(IMghRhZusw_H@8U4x)%Y0nQu=~Ml@G#$M5Lb%6~2E$sg zR~;8Eap7JE-<<}f{UnNO4AEp#JUHBQy+|N1bk#`OzH4@*iVyQ-SPY!|B}#{e#)Ppp z^yXo1vaRL+8aUM<5w2hzYT0fRSJfzx06{-TXY+-p3!%al)K#AC&R$faedGPYK(iu8 zeX(}zMEt-Dkzna(X)W95G1k$kZ`$f%%`shT(5BJ9l-nJ*bOjpDI+if#|H#Z;3rDB% zfrC5p+n$`Q^2*H!Oy{&D2-OMb>=38@VnR#Z#9Y#Z(7b+p(WE`E-=Njix$u@tGq~cB z#@6`sA4T7NcL6)c<8F!}q||QbBuaTQk%G)Ho-eN9qkXhyOt9e!gQEU`e`Cnw(<=9y z)iCecJztTb1I{hKnj?{HQ$4^W-|259GJiA0iH&YBUd`<2 z-_&parP_d5Va1j|KB;gmocL`d5kLRp%eOOfp3LPVqt6ex0E7z9pfKjh=u243{NBJ`2#yH$1*+eJ4pX2!pX=?AGZYk6m#bqzN{>+n@XrZ0o|lC+%_`cPV-I;`g;o2>Js>~Xr&rAK%!Qh%VS>*}{a~!)v{q+km^!AjnnS#4N}Pk2 zZpsb}H%5xne8n!GiF#-^8$VviNF8|&jGPawaE!?9QTs5&wUmotL}~1aW9mxa4ioH^ zvb?+b%g+@0&hmu(0HSQz9WccSHHtL#fR0(iiF>ZAsAUPEbT-_F@Z1EMdl&sw^}`dJ z=BGsoUsxy1++~m2S#DK|(R}$a-3I3zp|KLgrN|66nF;d_jGxuU1 zc|NMKa6U|$7R>(fJ!X&Tv**~Q$ZwSNuZ<5SLd9Ky4t`VtgTp>k?>Bw$cBWv1mUGL~ zOu;uS%3T~Gh@x7h(4MJDV8l=+heDdL#zNV78$KEm72q(e_UAA%$GzbN2GCYWKz z)69W(EBQTy_N5Dgw<_PY?^60Z1MOR&o4v#A;ED4Qu^hM?z++nh{-g}KdZu)AreX%} zqw0ne{nzqr`4HxHuD~u4`SEnJg9b(tYWtXkyiXgQttF(}YN(7xzEeSu%Mx;L-gm~& zweZRmBP6wiP;1Qy!@h6geUSaL7Ih4}fA4Ar{Sun%A*)zEmLlYWWsIUw^c3T0n)6#D z*(SY7x9r!s6&ty=V{JVHr}|5bvvTE@X`h-6@6W;B_9xehA=4^T;6ofGS zy3tDIlmY|Q4?X)DawrjQqZTTPHBeA^%}}S9(k$BG_L8GY;>ufB4K$-;#CfUI*BYTA zEEXfomj{)Bb*(tT2F3vfbpOw}wDL;-k%dIE({gv54&Rv~ZD+bcv>O=LI>d&Uvc%FN*pd1VrRWF`iH6ny1bbnl-gPgAriUYHK(vU+MWii^>S$0{+kYqG$sbuSZjVKSUJ1R@R-oeb;P8BSdYkoz z1fEzbgiZDMv!cP=-*?jf>*d||4IHT@cOZz5gB+QrCrkTziIabRZBQSbU@rBUon5(k zYZ4!|QO(MqFGeX$wnD}Og=CdMO98Cobq}HVH4%fK{gGO0Q zanKQ*PMQSr_am}|-FN_E)!BVAH~*wY!ZD+5I5B=4hHI_Ev4h2YUf&h`*YGx+m5)6K zOu)MW>F}n$hO5bZCBH3!ER=QFEV%_xH-I-7$jM3sr&lER*y5A&p)So!;yal>_()=!`h?zU&W5dOP8^OZm6Q?5B&e@!L93=L>rs7nGRN2tWE-DP?|ChnRs-w~2uE%=I zFLRgzf%jLAh8ubLF@cLS$s$kgtFS(=N&$KB)sEjYUV?$#Odg! zdW|gNib>ZvFX|!7Bd&leCYLsu=>zqHC&5RY*lgMS@s5eqLvg@*Y}FzrS5$)&%l8Vq z!3I2N=A=Y%VWy0@8&*oI0Nq?g!>&YN?9k2$$L<)49@`Gus?wxQNdh7Av_#?>Cwtsk7Y)ad39qDa3tx5T#ot|@|wUGHQ}fSx}W zAkE56_b+pczh*B}mzcWC6Hz+%+}PVnrGWG#HN3+#ID^8fB*L%yHGh_DC&TP(b1c*dSd!CxaXL}w+WB#e0G-PK*&aGpfn|_crcgZ zbIig-K-A24UOT8`dSX(9;gIL2(VW4wb1*cMxr^RfEzIo-`7UGbf$@QB+D9)k!Y^sM zhm4%ZsbRznEN0P+NPVZWDTk83y?3(J;f9Xg)IulKPiB-3A)0s~XOreLg*!7iF518t zUojI>FA9DB#o=lji)bCk_au$aJf`!Bg$cKZhbfA_XQO{dG>bwNHVulc)mZ5lpH!=m zBGA9?`jFv47H(Z5Yun~_S+CloM&`=PpRV2__ap36+Uk@mFm7u~DkIzT?0`pH9Lh43 z3$uWksbRBqhNE(dqGwnzwH9nz(;)+kvyxc?9)(DF!)>Zk^NhEB6Emr{G$IPoss;>` zZwO#5_?|Q3@-#B;wQcWP#H-4qZ28P-KK`ozuFlc6eKj$|yt%g6C61vq4z2QU#-OR+ z5qFrT6M6ed{?pHVucO?~uL!c0`#~IC&ZmfbHDRuD~a4j9(^avMl1YTb7>elb)U;K)a zE{*-XR=}LQIK2@QqbXjnz=Eqc`5axGF z`%=9XgBni|~6k6Re7ZMvO!0Dj8u0$Im ztnIsxNvpC9J>I`}_crm2wH-H4w6FIS* zB!kQutK=7hGkBZ&EsM3MTsQ+q4c1YnMJw=0745V*6s=6UV9!jw+evchJswPsdzuh; zJ%?6PSretJ0${kVtC&MMbZ!d-J!UCYX%hJ`UZiKkwd z3!|=NnloyjD`zJaIczC8GB}_dN0<;Mi_?NRJr~L?INx^V?uYWR6^^o?Z0ks|w;|NW z3B|#{znBLo2wntS?g-P#CbE(=NX({{ScaL9@!X60eEXsb3-*K&p|BuB2@%t^8t$h%pq4;mpLKS2XkZGs*89hUXr5+#c&ayH1w=_Gc9=>_juG+)Pi zO3WXo)@P%snTaKLo{nF-Z2SVIpw;4Kxv5iW;P<0qrYoi}>dvQ6bqqV4H9o_{+zoj$ z{6Ck|+a*q`J;q$Zj9$%xBA*CbxynDL87V*XU|heE%oQ2o_JYt%ynWkErNR)Vkk0XE zqC=n5$brHcf=kyXJXQb21k8h1ZV`F&w>SsvA$i;5j30-c8w$E^QfAm!A76TEtO7Jm z*yV9I=*e6*<8zhKfTF@U4JmNjn<{A~_&zm1WGwoITm)lrFq<)dK1@rpO1X@AfB~sH zaY2#DIDL&C1xr7Hi4NpxU=+J1n7oAg5}~elHB4KmLDq8s@E|Al8$Hi{d4^<3xCQhS z=@vNYMLXdUdv1}xGo=+MRF;-xW$fYY*)J8Jm*XRI)8D-a&e=NI(yigF)5`6<^aO;` zt6=G>S7?40*&=3Srfjss?%6(&m8*Yy@3)+S$be=0Mb=|75TedZ@{BxdzuaK4fNLdg zLWG9;66_|RLN6J1KuZYWM{1KvddX#uqusPKU(aKnGTK6lsa3^w8*+?@}tm;tGId8XE zsUOm8D7iejDmrBeo;+LVv;}@*Z)jy4MxLuxJ$MBX9lQlF?LB|qCR+>tmUdOyvFF3c zW!g=HDj12wk${-KCsxPz@u!TtT1NJ}9brZXR{qm5fJf|zWqownohVTYr{hPd9cO0 zHEQ&&LViJE@REgmljakts+Vl27j{t_gSv$D!b|Hyw6C?hWCSD5P34C=6Uxv6aUP6V zn0Czch?Cz_2H)lfrxxeuG6b0pWYq>=lBRMzZsMR{WI!vP zb3&p95Wz)hIvc{Wg1qm)elvNT*VVsEvGltcJEe1ZFPUfLr#tA!?We(JGRlM+Ow4YT z26E=5RvRjK9WN>Y-$}C)sLMhpru?d*}uu!*IVnxW#CY)Kwgy`y9>MekTgP0$)L$!hAm&K4Rnf;$x{CrFBQk z9()t08h?NPKC;*U5VI0Q$YGBk1>G9=`DES0`0}!h$~1SxjUM-Cg1&ydyHn z#0T0dde;5V1@}j}QEwceND(k}wS(Ma*$?Y48fN08jg}F&Z}|mq?%a`~!T3dJL;TUI z3Ig{(z_X<7cVQ0MJN$*KU*OGO?SsE35=PihmokZmLL%RWOc+)Eh6@Hp1qiYRnle_N zj{a)Ed2T3b$9Uq#2z-8K?B?ws_TlO2@?+OKYGlAVIjB?-0o@yROUSCBJdS_)8mso~ zecPo;-9RtyO){%%s%~g7*H>SsB80W4;eDf&pX*Zibh#(Ld9j(HC91xvM3GTm6c(=| z!WD)e6)g-E&SeY#L)#EEdlQZrx*Iu_`gZA@D`E?aT2!Ugh+uFxf=)JA#q(7-yPccP zgNEncSC8eA!3#d-M~IhO03LsD;wJbh1Z8IJD=Qk~jI@E-gCJ|Hg`)=WSWvU`CYDVv zR!8q1Wt%%i^01 zCEVO~vsb`5)XLH3g|W-s5xUr#w3FURUDkS$=2{53nFNP9-qI9R&xHAYSaqd!z;V3=t zyDcEO7ZBsferdf0b#>_JG^7yHZ;+N@XdYUtUS%GmR?}X4V#o*r;n@2R3!wJ%**)iC zd%>wB4qtlN80UD9z11Y4*(?D!%1W;U@9fF%7KX#qUrtDIXc!cI|H%5jt+vW>8mo41} z;I(IjuyU+(Q-Y*2q`q3j7(rQA8p&-d&7m=eGt?lYYp!9GX`jBT!W)`yKa)`R5=L#x*XW}X>ZADAkPj{I{qkA1l&^<#f@W&NY*;+pU@zviq)a^mh~5{E-vSrNgJBSvPH zAH_(X>a5d#llG%6<$R>?`YDf`28R6`^Y<8jPTlx*>h@zpT}AUsyFdL^NLtpcmPGc<^ZRhLasCgh93=x%#d`nInxM`< zk*}VyL#G>L(wVi9OvD$zt@Es}n*CrF{}l+@gEzy|iCLutAKYD7KP?l43S;BrK8hNh z?u!KYioVRXy*TmUb!74CZts55Q>L&;tmo30PB=n%F$hRWc&-l$K0b})lmAM{;&vCn zK3%RXso2Ntux5&}S~AxE2{8<0Cb>42vNcT@L8Bh%Nw@yQyk+01wN}vHC0o9HtRW`K zY8sx-Ne-t@-Lmw%76^B6m9SoS4L6K2!LDKd}$2AqEzPRjh-h5|C}P|>>WGH$f* z6bAgs)j}X-ULk_WE<-OQ2SMHtxFtce-^A)15Z2x}eq;e= zOelk@_T-W?$EFTf@loGL)vJw5VD_OZ&;{O_LuC%p`?aJ$B0JwUo4mPjoM-SIv34-3 zgNf>+XlqY*?+YB7py1ZknXO!W)TC?CA-23&;H077*#nn7!m0@B)sNB$pKBk&1uEn= zPo}{daBsL`m8X2Rti(z`eJ=p`xIm8RdCb|}vB0^{PnoIi6JErBh=NrqJbL<(%B6?h zb{XH_WhUpkx~Z{M*#{FFel6w^qKx&G6jn3Mjz`HV?1jQ2T2Pb^Cj8tep7{Ab8u)%i z6zcfg<8jPM@gp-{dg#4>_=>naaVXVNgi%)@_c|Ex!C>Y6ofzl`m(1sy5xD}E!>>gz z5qlnyd3Cb3S5BWdi-;&y9~pLJYf3t3T~||+hilw_l4VT4Ek;Ps{b*oG85#2TX?kk1 z>a_4_=_`;sJdBZeO=W3l;N2Z!-Rz<4&irm%ob%f`#dq6glJepE3xokxz1pZ6PStV= zxJ2V$uLTToKQkTV&)kT?)Gf0u=m;fkL77h(ForERxJ*E4lY{T%Xzj*LmJcB6ao;%_ z_?YV_b%xh|-{wKR0w2W)V8$LY7QyfJ$e0Fmp%@fW#^eoo-m;*la7ic6v3%_k*<(ZB9O*dbs}%g8yNzkZvc`PVhc zcenn&_ws7PA_>IRrNk;u%xFF&oLB?3Eno-$nfm8kkY6?i#Ga5XTi;0G_`X_=a+MWc zJ9@IbGF&GG%I#T_*>~n66mlzpC?>F+t9L-y{L9w$(n~O~te%q#KK#okt@hO_8@&>S zdwpO+DLi?(N*RAB|DeiGbjgw*kp?vtXiV{CQN3d6gzrkLpTW5T!zprKO~`|vUuBa^ z2*jK!E*?aUke0y5v!mF*zS@<%_a1N+)gQIWpPm@(5%eT9TSNVtZNMTe+9PHM?V0CA%-*lo8D)?3h7!gy`jG0XZqQ3*1lFY@WYF%{^}q% zF`}9D2M7||;>9eav2REa3`ZZ1&|$D5cD;pJWkBVLXyz)*(g}E&zBCxYSX$_-1yfvh zD{XlF3WjhBWH2qb&&^58nZJsuc`pFA9V~yS!$?yCLmpv1<+?%|3G9vvC5LE^tsYVYcyhD**`mY1aCif&7EeRJd z@5$4aoNHoF)9hS_@0JSD+Wv)M z=gnHBrz!Ug&QG0?&2(8+@~dXS-4AV!pz1L+dOI{W`Lfcl5&!LIGw6vnrhg9& z$x9Pq*)#UR}KJC!>(*a5>2I1e(BgXEx=>el`Yg6uihw(>^(6jF@td7Ef+lLb@QTCc0kYc%OoXq1MbM@1RQC$i^Cy zAEJ0Hee)X_KVyPb)9gbfHJIYQn6dZ?gg?{J^S!=k#FgIM`=a!(yuh{& ztGK|8=n-LYI?eN&xZ}Ss{;uX6lYt4jy(ozGHrbLC;WZ*JY+CuCHI5CMTB6X0Y#TVx zpPgO+RICv6vt+3|6OoI7nM&-^ z=B35CmGP%+M~iz!MR~-j?tbY9`cM_?-Xwb?V>mjV}X@kESU9 zf_CkjYwuw$IK#BP4tRf-DjOZQ=G`%TZ?{VAITW;HXu^(P3T7r&Jku~}Ixhnl)myJ# z-v86c{9lzF$YrKaro{9K!2XJa*(g)iOth58N>yoxXUS`0nWg24FDEI~tGskhKL>;$ zl_|&sST<-=>Du`^tU;S-`@1*xBzvvojS5UWB|t?|fizR60}~d4YDb%7 diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 406facd4634b074269409051881cb509524e6528..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 GIT binary patch literal 0 HcmV?d00001 literal 13371 zcmeIZc{G&a`#(N2jD3sjp~aHKM0SHpk}OkX$udYNOV${>F$syuzGjl_AtBpfhO$;u zC_9gR3lG9z@by0Dd(P*N?>XP!@AvtA|NK7ZUY>K^*SYTdd9M39_kCa2>yEu^tjEqG z!~%gp*!6GUG=V^%)c<5Ax)Vy`4yVycRdLtwzV6}C;mIomq6UFDLDWtX9^&i-aXu+) zPe^JIH8qISNmf%kDe-E~PHK3(8h*s-e{wrHoisb2BsC{zCnr4KskYXs_7JZI!T*Qb z3GWO!q2X)s_|aPY=m>uFu+|y!AC^&k?NM#*(MavlVRuUBK*PugUTtI)KXOz%ax^k> zbU1z{VAAR1#@fzdt<&Ks{_v>w@Mz>@sN8Sq-kc0p-Ot3>^!UH~KvYP_|M@Y@Ubi3k zLLjW%|H;t4@h}<$au%Y0^ZI>E&gvWX{4v$Ev|ZzV!)R>O^I@lRPwa;|=n`Qyv+rk) zk2^2wFPNs;$feJf1{VYr`j+*47GL?Lmb5+BnjPIZFsZ2y)xrOQOqMWEjg?3NrO*~r zcJPgB#QJ@@kRl;K0I07Y1*6@cs@Pm zxJX?nC5*PWYYA!5bxAf<5?zpK{c>AA#;Z-j)mz`t?9S?Lz!XFHeq{J>+nk~z*m1x1 z3&SSZ5n(cvIJ*$u5^;PaXBi3;-4c4t3|{;;1FEG6(Bc>{RYZXs)CfK4A#iRb>eZ`d zU0Z#iAF;8Hm`*xtxLWskj%G3OH8w~N3=iH#*9V=w>Sl4QtwkiXqJJ1ZYJukYy-+_` zm~3sPZx7lNcy&qefx6&v;iOz3hxx7+L$n@l8b7tT8_@c8l(SGMq@g~ETy*wb8GriQ zmajLP@n+DY)Bx{yxvaEwO89=dI@LhSj&!`Uw{X0>v~Zlf7}B1F{COi-X)Ln0{|eaZ|Igj3Iu1E|cs=xQ=PYFa)mi z?D@Mb^vV3N@3x22azB10V>wp~+RRv zeF4aqZUrYlcry-wk6&`S#)Gkaua(vS90MUM?%i@>OUz&IgfMLj3PaeDKQB$9Gc5Mm zzDl5Z{R`Snc!=LLnQ6-NNL9*4GvkuhkMF*(c>f6|w5Q6q9lx_Vl!%G3yT6e!LZpj6 zk$|E<>fYY=SJseIGoqv2T3u`(9iI$-!9exc4{EwP;oTkk-?y*-vdUmmE1PEZ2v#h} z`F~@$nkv-zaYG9K8X2m>RCf;3uzzr1*J5)N?#qQx)-P1}d-EM%+A-B{OMQz!S-kzQ zP?=-=)MKVWoZsgcB>#EH^Ob7~V;}o_PfiI%H^T76U%HFl#hbc=ZSD81+kGM)H1r)gzk1F?GAOl}J3^+1xy`;(~*dupEk5 z>+xZDJ8=A4`^>`)-<~hwyPWcw8n8ER0Ky@RE#RoGl{WLk_R1X~oF;T9oNsMzg%Exy z%f)a3Kb&Ix5-xr!BRleVZvp8j00@6>`eF{lVjFh4%DWxMnO6YOkG z3TIzxr2mZg*#JB0tUQKQi1raLjKQdn4Ik8NYc+F@DzSp=H+Sf;vx6gz`xLQb>PmW- z^etAq8xPoz;gz9tFXDjqRdRC_7ia0rLj47YnwO#2AH1O5WSn{!p$UQI+#biWZZ!8+pz(W%go1k2sycallEHjlRo4e(Xdh07l+ig8= zW~LTrkk711$aSp>Q31(m$q*yiBcJw8>kz*V*~?)akwG86hR5R_)=|*#@#*82zf|Z6 zmo`j9T19A^8%o}KVDJjnsXj01IkG7~0io?V>A8_ge@v~k^Q$K~iij!fte_;oYxYma zN;$RQLYsuJ{YgT-Su1bI_3j9*>F-C>nrbMTMPQjqM`y$WAk@IRaUgD=MWeRY3n56W zq}xtUKL#zJT5ssf_iIE}e0Rs#$1CFJ6-lj1?4XX@|1yu2=)*f3EAn<+8N(KN-TwbB zCjT|r|KF}o>cTWXpAa41H&8S=S5E!hk31Q5C=!>OV=&8j5WR95j0wz2Jcu}c{Duzw zy6(?;s{OGJXP-X692x{?j}%)JE9@sp{bN9DJvv2;I6nJ^NlUOCq-P?eWT+@?^5`hAgA@5TV4EY`y2y9ZJ$hNk!l*LtfqH-4&wtcCYp;`tf1h5Z~3E z4wGmpi7Fj+D2qvTPGbCD-Q)PPc93<({b$1ma-N*I4c1|4bl?P{frnZ=-yIy!^3C+c z+Mr;*FLMa>eFMrg(i(yviylODn;5Tg&WOjU2(Ho;IwGVh%C^*yTcsj-^>A?%6R_r7G>y}>9G)| zUnA5FfA&}vOdbrld&5&<^VZQ%^*KuEAT*2|`ia+}cWpC;5r}^PpLF|5m>d0Z*9te- zTq85aO!Vdj|D=(MV85txxpyk*Lnctczo(6se{F#FE^p~B)-v{tX=*F@pJf$<1~yzx z*#S&7)+FPir4GJW{-d4RJ0B3@gIU>9?-I%tA^PUJ?VJ5&u3c<*`cQ{$T@+QpSlB)G zbpiqkYvnP*Dn zrs-qTP(9zD3^vyM0YcA2I9@Kxow$H;*sMxIc)OHlX}q?JOs|0b;2MnM+0FhX-D9XV zwvljm1Q!4!O2ba$o-s|xQ^7bp2?7og7{#`JiOOX?>fT_$jeM+k(SxkRr(yWs^{vYQ zxq55hl@~h}@y-G$;>NVclj|7Kvtz4yij3=U%x$k9Z?qnRSRy2xoM>C|HJIr+kY)Z%HhS10<{Xyg+n zt(mpi0IT343t5#b#fU*iy@>zqPkK`Q`uSxQ$v;V*+wVH;TAqT z%X$xdvkfmzvM5@pZ5*c$i|m?lNvLN)+m6ePRxFfmdSe3WUTi@?wE%>`i{oHvzZHnq zk)zU{#4a}`|5Myg-*{hEs(+@xQN_(L)XNcUwBdys?&^})yA3f_7g<<{50iyy?~ZS= zx(UJvm(t3BY^UL84~B0!$4#CxaReh*VZ@EiB5r@E=)TvqtxOz+G%8H$FPUAT+jTqP z9b$Npoy=)Bui5`P3yV@Sw+~doR3Z`qr0WJNjIP9RJQq zwvZkY%m8&Lr$&VZ&MnImK~G+y%0Jx8e9{^D_9whx&#YLl?T@EdRA>BLXzXN*R~gdo zbas0%{!5Bq;`F^gT994dmZVCP5o?=v<*0L2S`CN6LIScRo}@B9!u1CiP~!zdXE<#xGO?pMKk#?0L&ToG3XxH+m_0*h zFA>=y#mTPy@CL{8`$pb?pzkI}aJUdSXw!TaK{m*G2F{t>rANs(s$Pgdbhb1{n>;2Bx4B_)9wBSX=(|t)RSNVW)ibWD4ygmzHBOM7UcG5qU9Yh zx?V5pw;&81fL#aX1!73m%OnL<@t#S0|)U!SwG-S(N zTl;a*n9eis13YUiBuD%+2jIC-vvUW$)_6 zrJEb0Y?^$z;`m0Iy7;oT!tor8;qk$zh(^_A61$PzGfAZ@R&c};|A+`Lh{i57^1Io; zVLd;P?fbL0$xu!HUUECBc*``>j?xJWK=2I=DeS%G$(Lr%pY;&rN-Y_u`haX`n|~Z3$BE`t(_7GNBgMK2kGH<;cCAeW#~F zUD?9E{}K)y5&!e4`)}%4x{q35?IBiSjXQun?41mJ4^I6XMmjAKfCFSJh(seHsJFu6b#cp z7gb~E*Ef|s4E~{AxlyK%r~B&4BVCH&Yd#K7Pa&;a>-pMZ2Y>!SGNC2UHJ=~6xCWys zj*oD}G5g+#BxXeVB8nIQ-7HV&`c-gQXbGAIY|A|e!0v8dv8jesvc7|9_lKHdTV#(z zc#%a^ec1_V5Bhc8-Pl%_Wem-ULYiM|};OnGOi*A_~o%R!0*;xMt&C#@Il<;3)F!R zbZZPRt!V5A!lX1-;G7&yq~0!X_7PoJtS!6L8Qmj$(9(JyfaBPK67|pLAq*6YNmfx- z0bCK+S)`T>Jb)cpAVQ|xU9FtYX3!?4W61^ zw3l=D{|YE!R#(*M87SEMq?tW%e1KG>Dq`eom~NCtMhPLEu$LxEJQ$-2)1JH*PoI}8 zphA%aIY_4O|A>mm>yFQmm>p9y@Vf3Ay=Z+uixkxeN4YdBOwv&hM5>+s$7)~rv+c{{ zE7F+jEZuQG)G~?pwe4|lv)tNR0ZpT!o1l6?tW=;zm7vnj1%_&-?AEgNzHBDFu<_R<82 zYlrg07sl=)evtBH5<)t43Q@ng!9D#|aGGDr^gLP0Jpfw-qbD~Y`9IQS6#D)lTe~v! zQ=3vXSq;GGpX!YXlqwfsWh|;^L5wZ8+mq4L455h&FaUX;Z9Zh<1#?UoJTW%vNom`C z_dZ%h>;|*7kluuMk<)uSSg7LA+{Ed`5D1=LwOkD-GS)5BpIU$vmmJxMj!1jw#n-_&2rqZxQKVLqOG%fwSkY#VkY}#HM zrPi^`8Jdtjeg`8HOzKS&g|?mwK||63^1LAO*77Vmz&v5vQeckt{K7q`r=Q(*>DIHk zkG`>rE!lry?3PM*;25!5vIk8&j^se*=MY5mu~{7Ad4^c$%h5KV*9^SnmpVx5Z(+W* z!<&*je?|1u6C-quV%wBztIRT&c_)sL0LNG2e;qE@MOqv^IDj|q2w@&dlag=BJp$6D zVz&7D;ete8pUU)JseclkA6;3sCUlieLpd?ZxG0@(4e2_UBRUnI!Z_~Av15r{DBB@=xL{Yzig|Uyxs3%wO8Y!_0Oggfvug2mIf9oJfFzFs|?;>sfb*7 zLYwaM0QmU`Ek1Jg#cW!%cfLJa9@EKD?lCXZq?M1q&4n|*bA{x(YR7tg1?nRBuYbU~ zd|-?yic>>F5HIQW-G0Co`~6Ovlw9rM!9?p+pxu|WH>w}U$b@NzRL?pCylomJR1aVs zDRuB!(Y$@B0;{46-i6jHU}6SQy`7VO@!K0}$MHub zcIA@~+?Q70MJSBIsQ;wDSEZQ+2@+Gs*juu#@XFcO~h_O*L;b*VK>nt!Hh9ehK3Zc|!~lM(tb(du@*U_vzyJ zozgz(IgYZ3N{Ve&-_x9?A?@2*5mZtLqbr8MoGjxRmtVPX|6XJg=xelqrq#6 z=iuiG7$aHKxrx!Sj495_ui&-nRJJ6GCYy4v1+vm5NL@rg{f>_avg1xv1ZpAmir<^q z-_KL?n{v}Z15k9bFGZQw?$?noIo^$ZKabP!qP7Sk{W4yA{{EI$yWw*bpLMm0lbGXE zKt|PXz9IRtQ{X>(&R=^10~yp0Q}kvqOvt_DuF1={6rf1Bs}~>RmoV`X2B0}#g~2zQ zg+Gg*?6SxYIKhkKwTk52n_%dhKvm=G_{@L37zj+m};phAmsWsME z>j;(C>B1x#YA|W*lvW-`Zd?y9NJR6RTqN9+ph}n5#|chVhq7Nz82>`QsA9`BE$|SN zDkyny((?v@81DMP=|dI={Yw-AdJN+0m~!Jon6;8&awK5}&yUM>n-^1rIHQ8zv1Byx zlG+jP@~+|h)3;^{oIsnDdHW4to;AIu{h!qr$&S2+ldFSK~*OFO+nwJ%gttjP`_lrLN1~ z;i;e%k`ONwczzi@xPIJB|RQ zjca7{K2yY~%q%}`lr75jt$2+PNqlt`G&l51->HV>?hZgr=eP#R$?aS}tnR4{NzKgq zW?&sGp%W$n;40VUDG1VK5ErXed;fqQ)$z}HW9hq)CjyY51vyvXXoB12a%Q!khN z7C3S0b-&6cQ4M1>@wLKLO3EsY>^pVaB5u3J_=f>Av1&wHz~tu?@Wy7n-0MD>b+ce{ z?&BSf2~Sw%n~nPnmBrRyoUd-0M|5KO+(!g|4@=2ysm|Prh`y2360L`VPCzh?1l&2e z2&d?)>jObd&wXl)TmEUxH57l@d-uiX0tOnz`ilYl+gp7;^W#)G3mBrUc(EODaPjxqN)Lad>yLXSK*59WKtY!rGcf^gg3H^?f5`T$f8esb#m~4M z=~_siA1}u(kCZr%D1)#!U-p@NjuT{z>$~ciJ;1R%0x9#H- z)gG7*ke$_pN5K6UYm)goz+S<*@0KOP_23 zdENx#1J?_xS=XGpYeX=CEKixW%$TbLx^I+}9)O(A3lgO>f=W;d>uvFO`Q$jyeo0Wl zo*AtrEl`_i`^N#o5B$NLV~6C1Ho^!=-Ldg5aeNRdp;ip4noH_oI5lOzm=B15IuaKq z_x$dZ9QgC5bH0vrhMdal0NetG+QWj0u8g=El%N=VmU%*sR7AFfP`38+@m15`7n~Eq z=Pl?&eLSCJ3;txmsNYM)KLc-~Q?j3EW4zHxetTC~Cwu0bZ^!<6!HLGIi@SfA6;YFh z5Pn~I!tH>Ro?VoIA^75*W?oy9l2I4^feA=US11&nR(_r;?QzrnRLI54_urpv|L0YC z&)MRyddWUp&5J&dLNr7(IWn&2ki_CImI_jJ+x1^hGPQ*GJ&cX0!|4@EfRFm+WU<$8 z`H7~e<<{mWd3gMsdTG+0Rx*r2d{Y->dbWVAu-r) zQ%1eT+d=|092ROHwz_x;sJ(>`uI^#bi~i+Uhzc+ zceW>2UfAdhU3fu)gkWmi6b~eeyJyZ+b2XT{UqO(Bbv&&uIaFdPVj^cavA6S6oZn#e z=u1cBBKUcf2F8C0$R_-LVAZkI%->%}TvU%Jl*^g*{&br~{*hDmzGkr?#$#0|B#MY^ z=&+3pFn-lgOONPCQ+>9Wc@~yqTMZFg*%`Qxk4I+UmQPbHxlHaXewNc#7N7hx9p9(4 zS@7 zf;wh6rXI+k-HkLGV+E>%Mh@5kCy@jX?^N^HEW*^e;ps5Ru|MCu0?tGd`tH$qqiv=n z&-nc?TGCeVU3kpQz1GzayC)3#&Zh-n2NjhtkBW`W;!Fx^eXJghu^?@yw&brvxl+&N zLm=E!|G@%ijjs1~iCm69b+BYO_UZX3_iS^H_G{QBT=YiPtwj`+^Faw2(Und@P+8ZM zwGH@rRtuL{6ds!invrJQhhi_>2by7sI(Z5S)h!Vtn_d{}Kc%O4t>fGujs|K%A47~) zBt--8F*XBP-?_gZC9hyDF9qEXz1Ut6$zN8y$u4a6n_Ken?9aT1Qgxd5WbF23GlKPW zdHuT$T01m^EmYi5vXf*itj=IqPvOgB&2CTl$XI`#8vX%T>UIRFi#ZLJG}anh_9>ne2HqxixEP0+?H*L{jT|ih4;>K zMDA(oEo%!(IeCG-zKQI@Rr!fuY7I^>?zPc;-p%homymn@?hoFutgnMtYotC zu>JYUWwKUF?&k>M!c{sp7bMszj_u-hg^=*uz{aOb)S67@2X!FxloV%C+^QTY>&bip z8kL=NdoG)2oZ)*iwlc{@udKKtQqSwJeIAS#aALj=`oob(aq*OdvP)$#1(;$M!q0?; zH>mc`k1zS9lkKiDd|u2Rr5=0+7TAI6x~&TTp?L;dActTEr<9qKt9URJ_sq=B(w7>u zU0qUYLkUb$R+(QNo+nsdwq(-sAGOCO&WrL02e5ctFO;Y5`Gec?SrXKkJJv_jM0HH# z&lOv%kXvYMQ9;tfWJUN<(%a`&Nkvb?jhh5EH^!vDbZ4Edinqd)lPMMvX{5n} zu&$@tN!h8puwwjkB*2WljXEW8@kyxjuo~uNPhqE0Z)JBz-=Dct$nV6nc#b)y_P2r5 zjnfk+Wct+CC&SrrSJ`7pry7W)bBkL(P8dBz1~ zQuSjDKU4uG+vcRoWILkaJJ`fy{gvNIQM!>u1Oouh>espgoICX(DBjiHiecS;q!5CS zO$L@EM__8KG?u`|{sWSMwilcz>iZkmvzu5^XN~Rfl->R&D7rS6B2UG=MtH!g4h$05tjqg1q7yNp2cY5Q; zAk8j<(3cRq;H}L`yPSEtK?ZcMUjde;B``Y>QxRh4XXV{-Yc__#WgA8cpXZY-Cl(DW zm9 zm4@J;`5%q)1_GOwiz#EJM{c#^3>sd^B?D^lW7Dx6mcJ#VQ(j50EE@EB^!>hT%cmrN->xb8N{o&V7Ewfo@L+*zFwph^`yT1`L#YzB63f_E({FqGr2gFu29) zf7^c->?QSi5hu!?+f|9{ z8$f1T@>naq!!#hd{7Mh^?B5?d2KhJuiQ*b- z%S&{ZV?99f(Vhc&@wZ0J0X;pG3zH}!+MyYaiBUKDo_MJ1^>)}~QAv}P$`Z&vq2Z27 zCuwX8zwna6xWO?Ks?s|H2H;}&84hv}n!&IpRtrmRZyE0IUTrKcg4*38WP;PYbQWX- zo6-{Ys63d~FH%F=X;;`c&&<3)ACS@XVoC7D;=77xJ}+0fe=Yt&S(Sp>-3Uiw;@D+0 zL#^uFhhJWd;2ew@WG%-<^Id}>jKRMzrl+>H_De_<)*U6V0#23w?*A+@q)iy%JX($m z5X8KahnFl1g{^Mr)N6}S_rgHezAxW_61_?LsB5Ds1)A&AO1Zn$dA}6}n*MEZ73hx& zN=mIeYM_XxH%^TaIBAAo*6AqaGBx&3y4`?&W_0AjR(uHIrU((>00M*IiyxJ0JePDn z?d_2$iOq=aIbbW_g1llr`00ies71$_s(tjO;~UUj_XwC$fN_dlp)n?g-vO&zCH3Z; z=nHopzZFCk7`L6coSpL9pqPw20}5wGMyKLxETtW3ux;lA3(#5^dj`A%<4^^FT@{v!q!;;-XNXevl=$IC*E-~ zmRZALfsY=X;9iV&v2{LnPP#$dVhvxT!^DDs9-yGx)K~8N*4x-D;Ne48(G=gxGc+4| zN_k5e-~mT^7cPfP>wK#5lD#Rp_UM%;|KQXGtSX0?Sdw?8NJv!~o^;`^uHcW?tjX*x zKG&2Nn271~_{F{g*Uv5|!A@8i$-w0}BP4hmh_ek(awJz&Tt$w-iVhCJUs!9r~ydc*ZalK`h- zE~(y5S$0w3x<3wIOpMD&Z`@y@uX-3 zhWW>!AE(gU6#*jB(Ami7rbj;4N26>dK}-hWLT6dI4_wP8iAd)Yz$w31$B8~f(<2DK zH$AGq_QZB&l&$u1S|>|ZQLrH&k{PIuHOw?|(b0!3bZ&BtBNI*+d6dWV{v>#YvTwOm z1T;FkSh8!qTC3|xEe)bW6gCvP>w$hSIV^7b)tQ&=M(lwhq8%%I(kV#emFz&>oVDcG(l&pc>I- z4=J+g5-3DNI>5!8b`pv?LA_EY^lEKnsK*N*kzlYdMCdaHMrZ?xl*@{o$r|zp!6VfP zw5BzhfAa${j*dBH@Iny}s^C>Y#EA8VklA)no6hgHH^4X~JmV6u6cCm%bF1khlj`|! zb~^1H{$O|Io_iV!2^(wd&V&g8j8HZutUMxsC!j&y>MZZ^ht34qZPr?*dh?lCN_tNIrogt!~9fdOT=%jrc$G}%()rqWj4_;d_B z9QiQN<)=6ujxSv-XK^>KBu>@8iG{bib;){Q$9v0zwIX}wxvS?}! zj9P8A^9D;Guo9!vS!dpj@iegqGlsk3zncujitjpTO3hD@C=_P&k5vt+`8ATvzlk@a z`b`6K4q@`;TPZQYjK?ucPw&8pCtu?VJt8kng^fa6O1@+lOs6bCTX?2yT>pLuRitK0 z99ApZL5zWEJ4zh250E(b3HqXyk^e`1Z68Cm6d?Dkd+8}Bw_zaqy2dvv IZrDfu4|Jqjc>n+a diff --git a/figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png b/figure/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 54fd882afe9feab950b9c8b0ce38b3f500ba6e88..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 GIT binary patch literal 0 HcmV?d00001 literal 13353 zcmeIZcTiJb@HiSu=n$kz7ZeZ>qEvwZqM!)U1Vp4N(o2vUAV5M?RD__YAT3ns1f@fS z1PfJ)fJnbe@0TV40z5u5@2@xWX1?=#-#_1-v*+B|v-jR}_w1fMyL0xrh1m^GHeogh z1j2dK$lx{vLPz}%SQt()ul~VIPnrsgTh@k$M~5f35QruO;s((?DR_vx8^ryjt~o(z zLNqlYZYQ9rc~avw-Q6_tcuoAM+y71N=62HUeo{2u+}+&pc(gHNeO&2m)c} z`48xRPDIlnkTZ~*2Kv^hjMYr`yz$HLhIh>dZncuHrj58sdbx~nF}$L$p2?qHKmK-p zktE$9t~6$|Ykd5^r(AyQQyHPB-~Om6yvXEmBJb?Q?bDoKrZ;BYngLxX3}_EQriz)U zW@_ZH61rxq|FbTgQ&hd^@V(2udb)?(v)giu<}HUCUFOc9#m}~Z{*)A0p+s{tiAFm> z#6*WH4g~jGQ^xuhySG~G3VxSGr1naPwCFPqsF2cUi7)oB5lWzJ>OA>)u}*?; zw2j=lDMXtWy!iA48rQ!sbI|K5b-x#VFYL04DxZ| zfO!mUbA9TVb|BG`pMkkav$?!AJLPmlTYQu6oJ?%jm!3A3{Oine6nr`S)j+~=p=KJR z-VrUb2Qu}kiq7gs+iWL%?*pHK)}LUXkeiA8U;iB(Y-9AIa$2}^9ly!#z{7p^mdxMTYSHbK{{DQLtJePEp?2UwhjlXC)|L&$BGnWT!n$amI2h-^ z*XJy@#jxW5w4jd$S}x%93bt5jNJ7j}3?ceR@5;Q$+nMJA4N=e|M=mwTZvq6#&y}UU zPs0L7B?fK^Nr;)!2NDMQ3CHX3^-bhV^Uzxkaa=nvBwZvr#zRUxnI&cLgvs-6wtBrn zv|+;0FkFIsp=DHf-1bVY!=W})s~ftJ@mK&jB|%VA01IDJ2~$3RAIN7=G2S7~_nFUg zaVg|v`jWBcI|U{u3_LE}?p;hF{*`R`>>2M&PcYzLTX9P$mGxe_5V|9$Q5n>+LCa=; zZuK2iOzx7lJ3aO(u+TL+JByQsH;1n*VL3!^1Lik!>OcJYTv10EL4~vGrfTcbXAox3Z9R0nbHI8)GXyC_w2sqm*7U<|_iqML4^erw z{7M;*_^2_R@7`Oztp94rPryEV@v{cV`xXa#|g2=w#Svvzx5_P zJ6@9rRJCQ)f@AfbyjL%xEh1y~+TJ#~RFjXXYO_aD;{(Hb$NTnDFRy1Mvzm1ZF|u?w z#UAhN1{d~9%pv!Z(R&+mekMEq%^6nq712F+jt`@_#n7gS&dP;od)n(w?|pdqDm!eP zksuBuC_bsT6w;d)W393&V-I$M9Pi-dr-vI31gO@NhtwSn-irKM`Cofh#zd>vg~_4N zWBbsKm_4cfFYvI~oHSM^c^!7*4<$EtyO8T z!*s@!8d^ggU_c@_MugVyZ>YEp`Y9gy_&<%h%t&*KKUSECz5!Z1tLvmLQ-*)o0%pMQ zyN!_g;-s&tO?fYob#?1?)F&**RHCzQJt0Vl!1Hg}ToE*KnQXX2K(pPM(L3C3(YslG zbPwdj(naOR9d3BJK}q}<-))F6u^9vAa$wyMkiP#yyJk7SoRvo8-APF~25q6@X07*h zeB1WNb;7RIEgJ_315;^C)SQ#{|6wy$S&kAz9IqYt=z-UWcmMaS%Kz9F^#g^tb&cxm zvt*Iq12>t+gBD`BAn@#K`O?y8m$D3#2Zu=A>TDdDJ%S-R zJ0_Kj0k+`C8cmK#;)1MaSY3Axl30<*aV0ZE%)8UAC;Sxo{14xev~V8G9{FLqCPXWm zmne3n95gI0sO++sQC1~#a`w1EA-~#P=`{}BOtp+7Ni8;7@zJ}I0KYY-M+6yE-2BnT zl6@Q2d_}N6a(0oGb|pqX?A`MN+%6}`%b+o?NY#(I`CQZb-SG0Weoe2E6aiR3FIEB+ z33PCElK5^Zpl8Y-`d5CuP-a)Z<&FOt;?N_YluhRmfiG-jT4bfS<1-f+#F7KesxQ1Y zjKy#C1g<75gkWGd%RdTz_1|P%6s4}&@AvrWADsbxyGDl&O8Dv@XHg2T>?ZD2Ernn_ z)?P&QKZB#pt?IeZxAC>>>XI$mRH07)gd+r%cTk<0j6Y8avs;gp2F%67l}{;-*ox~y z!Wjtr5!~qWlpFN{^Ks!^mUC@0cZE7nRYXfY_`8qIt(qO2De6;VHXU^{m=T=le3 z-+YTxWvTs`;f2g5C}JYSEuRp1-GVM!dM}g03~j!+mZo!_1@%o;PfC?Z*pSA9TDnkw z>6baDlQ``?rOgfOjDcebY@k_+&>9n%F;tv6g-z?B+ql;0ud?Q2gZ#^%Y^#T|^b;1L8HaQwllddyk}6+VsIMa_Kxt z=gl>8T(N(H0#0ML4r4yUPvwm;@#p|VfKuP z`R@66dClMQ%fvEf;@Q&#B%&P=8tQEBv0;R}$USIfAosU(IL|H~YGU7$(w1+Krr0A4hNHzOK+VlD5;*eu;q51nGEpFC&XPRZ!Z+44aE*#U#84& zde5m54hly2f9_4hf75$aD)==Xkp5v(&lJf(k|r)pLMDsR^ChuW^u!9(naH;znqqeX z^ms_d9WoQ!O`7@Qz4Z(`UG%$5;mY2eSyy=WN-66po+*5(XpRgnh5B_C@qvp>w@h$V z1xsNG)#pc)V&T72^zAnp#gCjATkKyuzAG66T<2j5S4V{qf=0s_jzamWBYhUU(FPEafU_mQ|4cf{tQ zo2N7?K540F0yE)9;w;#z$`nV_!imrr% z{o`5mMTAd#+v&uASdTtH?oKHV!APnddvSb~t5P6tytr^x9n4k%r1|(qgwY!>!(VzP z+Ju54@U7hLbaBTlK$CJUKTR4ru+NYmN!LtkpKkEQKFE(21Op8-zrRUV3ty5LMTp(6 z!7@qk9@MBcg*$_W1vJEdTAEt)4V?o^*bW>ExElSV~cM77c*0z%bc zlZN61TOFAmn?Q$u6Rzucx)vj+=4xs~6FE|7FRm&L*lSJF-tkS^%NjUm<-&nN^dqlk z5d@J1b4A~p;&;o$$UbQbloUbFO%I9&yp+-;AF4if0Vk_)q43FF(7L|N?28PlCtoCB zN`!PP;WrDZ!6~z!5vI)Bv`&YgxpvC*xwgT%0!n6;nx8JdT5voFN33^h)433_UrL_V zGzEdPYP(I8FD-0{HjiZ0nfX~+7m!8^oBVqbd}?(R&Wet{JT2?+iaVGx1laMszRSzx zPSKux^pT#BEjT>DlAYh`=wN+ekF~x#_u2UKMI*3AE`5uXnj`+*W=7$*+8$H%1E=zV z7Kr%K&uR<#dNmaF$3|M2?WOT7k;$#0Dkg-r1Nen2g( zF!ZQFg2d6^ewcL%{pD{36s~0Uu|){M{Kub>h<}&^`^<=}$6Db~CmvitwYP z%x!eGN`f1u89ydQvSvlW4!(O-Q(c0ksTQZvrjy-OjdW-+GfPg20{Y{S+1JHPZ&;i< z)#Z-j=KfF!5OSoV3~RyuKyn_vvAdR2N*<`=Ax)0QA}$`CnMI1w1}6gJ!{K$_d8L{Fw{Z7Q?Y2 z5CXS8no2enhRgm4U+Yiu&g2$@J+%ufs|bGK^V|uCyd=0?hrq(M_=^m%yp{}i zEy>>vUxG5kVa5c^2yPB7N!=+@ha#V;?=Q78aiUy5Ellj~wDO}Ir;6JZOuTS~45-}D z12w7~z{qkncfzs~&}4mKY#={<>B!{y^;b+8TnAjrsDDb>a&+tSx~j+z_dfrbO!X_s zL=FHu8M5yWm4M74Z_r7dbCbk-5ij5}`PkYPaKuRavP8EQC^}h{Q>@ZmE)CKDXd*8` zaVg$@7SmAhrOWDK%UfPjEhEuNPhItGfj=*4@L~Crlz$aN^u70MDF^(35OZ`kS&$M5 zJ>m&J(s&|4kE^rfs`uRXzbg`}QQX4Vtb8@nIAKd3^qe*Y-*$8*FswI*pF%*pSE*IN zUPlF8uVhe9;Or6NYS!rKuz^ugn)0qX%A`eo#-8lcRBKYyC8Fh@w-}#SX8dwV<&aY= zZee$!_|fSQZHPquSy#CUdbcvPmxajYtwxhCuE?JybS?LoV~Hmlv1n-YpDsI4Mn#Ql zR$`5wxI5YNR`Dj3HIWim1>jahuGlK?J(!`_^{aAsT~>}Bne07H(tlu4N>FE7pI!wv z_PylEZNjv#XE!w~`L1gBpKnm5o>zOpM!Qq_57JWE@r@r)jN0!EIoJVyuqJ&725A!? zzrI_4C1Yvk7hgBSi=yRl>RJOf)i%vvJpmgL(vACq@ksl_8X*4puQwd_xWeX2ABssZ zAF9!~;3{3#7atkBi+~NRU|?cbG$;7^)ZC6xdhPVGUn1L@ZERb-W(KFouxJ#^em{+wxa3i-h#LsZ3RTCqE7Qj|peJw+$Jpa2T?5m-O6 zI>8^!Gk8$6Gu}SpqLpD5uQr-hJPohxi1de{9IpJ8!xH$>J{n!xi5+!y;Mfkn%XD*0@|Ev>Ea6{9;{uAy@ zvp8aRz!`!M%WZNQRKm_{Yj`%ysca5QX%{x$U!zW~?A+DHq&)6V*pK9BhGtod7fe>T zf%5Y+8uprH(_<-4rKE@CCSkPt4a=mPVqHL~Ur}Dk>1ki*&*`-$B1(SkQC6TDHx$W= zW^i9rK4A%x-n?_SfeUTTdu{9U)sOSi-)@r&onO4kP5+x6KU}5rb>`aI)2EleCe;0y z5Jg+mJkr^2d(LmgvjOewQ}}i3zHm}@WVdf z%EHf8(S$SpEb?AH;C7j+WkSUIF#kqZgR3ie(KYZCDarEHg|(N@`yj9s{cqh|!dg1X zokl&ZbTYesC(m31ZzT*|)iqltTiu4&^qc4r$@V=1=NJ_HK=)x2c-|tKz(zt8ro0-- zPU&~?Oe*;4Es}b(=##b6Qx}>24K^KWJpON%5Uq@tF)OyzFbu1qR-R7T61?h#+S*;F zm|LrZs_b;VDm7|*XB79lGiz@IdGnOBIkbdIe`=Z9Phhc+EtLKH@bw!;Mq4Z#;na7{ zRj{G$#X${V8k|BIsH)uQS}cAf-tkded`z+}wropiDIOEoO-Y~o*tW~%tX@;BzDllF6-&!H$Wo6Su@=;WUT-KM&`xHcmT zfmq7DT2BV2LhQNTQV9O0hF6n)rM+2^3gEZYu(UKf#B0Hxl|B7lA0J*pFA>g{sf_6c zGuqoTIWBml=ymAIb3Y!gLddj>nAvelcfHG=D;Kmj(n5W9?H&}}69|6l3DwoI9eN`7 zTaoN)l<1CDC66_n_LeKC*t7$a=L1M953jniipp)Q$lqMJJ0t(ahXIzZd|mXe!zXI1 zguEIkqm?`)g;GLZc1sr^lG(%Avr2yPF|}o8YjTZDKjfs7Pyi!J{ohXLn9Y7@zv1Ap zQ$qF;p6u~#;Y9ll)!~Na&$>~9suAna^lkOJR|LP@)L+wI)#jkvVwp)~o%_3W_HWDR zPst1^1Y!a?6;ij6dox;wVe)k6>%x|wfB7A*HB)c4=0?I}+YH&v6st%Aq%U(mbmCE> z$lUKvW2H)HQPI0hy~XeJe7jC0uX5^c5m~#NR!X*=>BY?tSdTPth_3}gsoq$8)@eR| zlx$a%Ti5&}Ok z!FQxr&mkF|Ur*5^gl;E=Mdw@JnMI2rxCh^=K*i%Ei~V|czjUGSVvTR~BvH>a;$9rK z$TBurn{?R**2)^h zNU7a!Js#9R`3SdaERbgcjCAPfQN!oPiBF07SyrRyktUmdytT#)sO87`;!xPz%pgS* zR5=4IL5C|oR^6_X)}1W>TkdOiFP=x5i9oo29UQ}dll9}&?f!5q`C|9pctx3E)*gF> z3<_>}?w9odY{ zdlNA_BQh@7Ap+JncwUl;yDr+vdP{gK9OT8P-2D2auK88UqZ!0!`kq0}u^B!8z4QQ` z#4p*)8^81P{utj1->i-o`xfD9yyY)|-*_u2YnCXp3k9Xa{QQ_m;T!V;K&E1jB5H;2 zah4|h^C^A9XV<+ltGd)B>CXSWNUNX(bw1(9lB&E^5N;06d?6tgrFPYiQS8*$XlV0& zN)oRid6~dSQgWd`eq1RGXd0~nisboMpE257n>|j8baP-M*|y49*or?T-x?Q<-8yA4AvMiQ3_HO(op1Z*Natmz`Q!Xp6i*m=qMC`ZOU3Ddz9_&zPM2 zLjhOhej$UQcSxD(b|8|E-QjSIg|wr{gc#}+B7Ncik;-{iFUTT{bNdX6C-_JRJZ*RD z>BS$__r02fgN&O<*AYysY$2^qQbe{X1+vvx4y#iP{QVS1R+Py@L9;vWKi6Syz$J?L z`xw{xQRpP#F#@3^?NKr7M-(H&edBVY$V>o#>7qQSZ+Hb)n10_y>!~SNB68zKKAm{t z-}Wb$x38?~enKt%yaR+dug1VE$zHDJ71#lqJq*geo z5C!{f;d@Z0yI%yIv2lJKIlca^W!xXVFZHLdSzT1=8HrW|q!UCccId4DSsVXepitDwLR1}j zau5v+C&4KiBc%~!d64gk0Lq-1e!Irv$E&=A@Wc;O#g4x({d^S>p0hmEM2}br%zHr0 zyYfW)p`U}{qxGX1b}eq&?Cs{c$?Pd6*ew4%B?>+Md?{8cYEknR!o~eho(OJXwV#xI~-KE-5WdnuSFP9X|ZAP z>fIJM;)pv(7`fsUm(j|>F{#V+kb}8_LqM{>GcO#z7Kuf!dPhi5Uq|NCT?$%E0OVXY z%SF+gPCsU1O$HxP*>*G-;r(j-*X%Sdl=lVOB`W%73g%B#4y>f-JEjFab>WPDP7?wH zZ;OzKYdLoUo?9*@v4NhnWVu>6X84k|YjxtiC#c;SVNB$+YRQr%y2seYVA!E@)3{&V zfA2V?jE$V0Z%+}dt%qab%;xG)e3pZ{YTxiQ=U^@yyKc&=DBemX`Ze9HvIU$y+syKw zy8mSF%r2DJ;4C8{BHv(QuNT2>B=0VvQ(nHv)NQz7+%^oE}YBWC6boK0b8F2mht!BwQ0rD;69yvqs$_y^(!AOh-ZEA9XSM!289xB126*4=K<1TJ*y>BwJi^ zwiXM+b|m+xAn8&+4;t(OWI5XckQiB}C3Qi{m^O2o2;a_MuaGyzae=el=f=`D`t+~_ z`n0wDTEl-N7D!3xT`thQ{naO3-LkQGniAjvb)vLzk~mvqWx2L5;ox(~I&$4aLQfur zZ&sKDuPtf)o{CA??aN3qxh1>uhNATT=8tbf@TQY+Iex{e<`J_&9Hz~>2Kb@|C>*_L z8r?nftj&G#@7?#>#}CXLAiXtv2$4o62`DLOT%hYwH6WX+apkN&N-YBd;pzSFEWld$ z6IF++u(fSfi?=a_UZIh{X<2|tWO;xR7H)oytO(vyCk0x!Z}7?fqf4PgIZ z8`W$tpCRwbFFvIojeOqdfX&>y}rF|5y|mo}|~pe`vR6-Q#UP$w0~w z5eiq`x|E8@xh6IY{PWVV5D#U343DavT-H1Stc7zvm(A_1(YxOsPXcn`T(pNJbDuRiCem zsb)r;hru6TCWo@gzT&2j>$PdCY%6QZqzKNeGda8JFievFCf3?hzIY{IzTP>zQ+Ijj z_SdTu({F_Fli1hiQvI2k2xh4dh*7lvK&0dgXZs41TvvSoH{@utD&U$+N0V% zKPNwdOb&2paXOV(>{j=2_;3g#YUBox2Yok3S!rb>(_b_waf;-+1_DE`=9(~wwqZy2 z0ht&)iBUDZx;}FIY!*3k?TiZuYF>R4dRHT*T7r6xp?obs-+MS^gMTat5Ltg^1-J=V ztLb;UryGJG><;tSQU;)i(#3shoAq+41|G1P?k^MV5;WId@k`x#2nco%phUs53gCx% z11;l+0^R34?>aQsQl>d22f01(M`n4N)@Zigo#8i6{d1 zA&4=n*EIP{{b2jn+P}U@z~jmEJ+LckCmvXSF@7CzixjTtw|s-Z)eVZN?S#j2$L=O4 zicekfkb>$uzcC+q(zOOa59xRP$hP2~f|w=H(2}XkTb&`P8V1b@Mcf8T?b7xwAH{NQ zU3a$7HN^N0NXj%$;2({}chUi@hdk65=;aI_ayo|vc3ATL%Utr7(ev6H%HMeq;%CQp zON5_g5}8Qpo_D_shNT8v5%&(3XI`yA%P(FA)u}JLCl3c*72I7#f() zxP#%BGU9ewq}&#ALl9j&)2Fh7xcr|1HhpQd3Ii_sm@HBY4;pKmt!{$}vzfDFB3j3$ z*uQ{-t$31_=Bf+X{PMK=lHC|D?B~EmWP7s4E;Nvjsxl+g8wDufoS5)p50@~Q;hr47 zjl{I2Pf?thl*~uoV6bb3w<9Lb9RbI$3zH@<5ILO$<2vuavAsFk^3P{6arXx}oPYr_ z>kBhaUwL%aQmlFrQ}oUeKzJ^vp1Q$9womUKdWgqioy-2Pihr57Hz|esk)s-}8*e!b z{~$7<06Xabp5P;X@fHMjupW6Olr9Q^Z5^1?qgay&+n0R3%=8-iqkvg zc}MOK0R#5ee$Gqph2Wv#7qVE5r_Rh&HIWmIC7(lzD1ym|@NW+~@N zk_cK%SxDoR2Z%`2F5a_@rXyvo`1WauI+xdCFgQs;kdOJgqf#xbQDpD@S}&J4t1q2X zER=a10zWK#(lOw|AqI|%TGXkXjY=eM?IcEUUi=$ja3k=?B6#Vd_`(wVy8(Idy`T(L z7<`q)-PKXiqoKy^Tl=SD$kh|P_^U8Nu&B7bY8}v;-?owK#(5%6(>_srHdDw73QhDR zxke$h0a)TIN8XxL<+Ud7nPIiJcZ#@LIo_xgqbZ11+%{5z20gLslIyqN3p>E`26tH2 zC}w!#a$~LGnT{qEYDcqOC7qM9VnaU5PS_(Zrvp|&uUChb7sWZ9+U*yFi^4wT?K%Pl z)k@@pPvMY@l>z=34Ye00Ku7V+dDKF~w5&#*X^uGKv=NxkE`Y==~aymtQ z5N^t_5=NN6|D!zd?+>bEr=as}cVB>au3{)X-7c_pn9#0nX$f6mtNc~V#S^=^DP_(I{`FQ+gUyagC~+b#jJS!CWM zG@X<0NNnM~a|X~L4xOJLe-r3wzLdJfuKaTh%}T>+D7J*M7DoK!@VHuL3FYjC468!2 zHl0MnY5d!62l{&g<{J;e`@0*vw|gPc6_jBi7X@%p#ZEhF?usmG;O<&tp?!Gsiy(-< zk&)e1@-pfYN(SbrBR}bI|M%iV;QTfpVD24M2OORP7_bEJ0+YFk3w4wY{bthJdQdzGp6PGR4Anv=#N=S8}SV+RuKCd!@9$xAl zHa0s)%3?x`e134ja7Ga*K-sX!&9G{ul#{jR^H(ef8nZLr4flon=Y*THOP{$X^G=+3 zD^`_jtM9_~-BaTPRy6zJKcL_%FtIj^s40RDLhwYX?5z{~M$5J!+ua#AW=x^X_HTF{ zS_AVh4s(Faj53NjX-UY#SqTSYB5luKlY@T@3lAyq*n}A^crfTq!LmO8lLyCpzZc%B zhH)jeu_pH~C)-q7lgG3iy;~_HFCyhy$L6!(Xf05Mw*^L09P*Ql5=Xo*q=#c&NDp6r z;1nl?yM*E24jB3PRBpg*Uc{Z-+QJf44(>iT?w4L0#(6k%NsQ>d`EwD4FsV2HNT+*y ztQ>+*xrAC=$PtRh8%-B7>a{(6{Ccl|iD=%!PugHPF{j4&lds)|;=Z2e4yUy$Ms`XC zi_P1kQx-NN%s|EMD>o&SszMo~&5lZshv}~O9@>dkpy12EZFSpxC=~V}_5szxIVVLxGrzB3YH;KZFz-X&!ZRVXAn$XMCBJyB$g~HVfc2(NlM~Fc=_MXF zExBi3VBF|XxrACBbbY;A9t-ONtm-mC7v=NXAKdW@m(>5ATFbcJmB?uIBS8~13letqNG&lOXQ`NI3U3E@k>KIw^=W53lt#639vN(-8Ke#iP( z-b5XFT8PACn+Tz1xQf4efMldOfXxO@=l~l7?%mU-5>ez#+YSY8R3Hx|`q#{2mA7@t z*-sLGua$%$p=eFrz(j=hDi5imwV%VjL!t!H!V*2F%{;1_uoQ!Ocsu@z#48shlvd_Y zrW_qg))MptfAufpJU10VKve2i&rYB?qu%`9&jl6h;TQ}1^JMK0f4UfcE^}gKi*A3m z3Q@{jVFw&VNTn2Q`gf)i81s$3)hZs6hYDcHb{AEW<qkN%mLcw;zBchv9EaD~P?Tk87#Mh-MZo9g5`gZ1hfl5TVJ~ixo)k9Zt=)1)Ll8N}C_DJg1gzOb55P5spAZDU(PX)*(C@T#3y^_YdSu4alA z(I<4B%f~ma7}YfcX-Vl0m4`S#?Ksm9^S8Q$T2jk+o8?~3p5wjk%$OLc4Fv<<5>_xk(0F5?@5kih&r zBa!JDSD@Ymw(#qBY-3z9!9A-l^8DT;rS8MBs62F%6KpD>KL)5qEvt~0QpCN}u`$*n zS!!g7bAjcH>v{3ivMU25W~$>ix20{e2JR%0plxB1JfK=h7ww^=K=r~**}iG*yK%Je zyZhG+EP_CV9COTscOrjYs$1cq-5SSd+=|j?pq+XEu6dDr5%Zg=V>_(TW-AjxSOPN@ zcP`TnpUCQo(YrP7vAOUJ1EJ|_EDNK5ZDHaz@^JoYWIg+|j3qK14 z0zq86YIqw0fl~iNO!Ox$uXi|ZoZQN8n%yxvJUTpigg~?)5EqEnNx?%Nxj-JB)Kw=< zS`aNQh|39SX`R$~tw%0ec)S*V*yVrrc5yjjKRPK|E{|MX@OYQ1DwnE5ycPuipWZI` zN05^?d=(x)QiUHG#*Z9UJ%aqF%Lu;esH*B{xa#Pz{cYPo?eH*OYj^}dd{i}jG(3EC zI3^f8;qrN7ZRfDc786JfOjZ<|{j|G!?4i=^ZKOboN{RqFr< zg!RmS2--J>r9mK~kZXpQ@1QeRvsmj#Yf@5N2~wHta9Cd^AM6b*X3rq8Vhvli@Z#~+LuaNUpyW|4tzXX>t#M0ngFAktCNC@pp6y?Fv}xy z{SG~*fFIBqgiI9vzp=8JXd+ESOy;}@0lV+N$MvsZ;)pt1pyYdgVS09PgBH+pn?Co&)Zcl}ZMAjy$V5#FW3%^suCD#Kx7HI7)kLzT zJ1&^OV)px+5~Ynmf&iT4%P^7-*w$qr5*&Khb?o~f#l$d~=Nb8z5`(+{6)S~Tze>6BYQ zcigWZV^&XhM3{&m&df(NKD7GzbuXafYueBy(@2w#NaN|LCbvl5&UmpIDJK2KgTv*I zD?dNk4GI9>B)`?vCK3_J-SDa5N7F#9XyH*2nH$h-k=6|B0c$ zvd9*+Q$Nwvz<>+gJIltBD3=)-(eJ~n;g~4m&f)0Aeiw?tp(jEqSJTf1Ayxw1boV0*x$w2m8sa7H# z3mPD-UbmWDRhn7Ko3v9ocGi@cYRS7CH#+b8Z|wMRcAhFw=i?_C6)P%!(~tRl{x^t- zP+RQYLtQ@ViM#g&qIcS2O#vU6FxYEd0f}%o zplyXQ6WN7v&l7bT8IpMEy6g_C?^y@hw?!~x*ZHaI>&G&K38_i#N!YO0JQH*xPZ4XB zT$Y<Wak@uIDN28^0K+!I?}+qBDu0GI!5@0hG2QZqmOH|Sd(oYvW+x~vHrP)hzc z!_C8*zP?-BYaY`A=$my<5p53-50xAgkH-YR$KQBU$foo9)3aH9y)j}ptyQAkx2aIb zM1z69IY>0CRP1x27G%;~l+XK*`-uj#PHwI*N(7A;(;v4*&>kNh`OK_297J-oA9RHE zt+42=gnZSfR-WE0^6lqyjXExHOZVfH9j%kWrbp2BCmihcFg9NvJ229!A@f^p>k-Ej z7pM{29QF5TnJOC-hX!VIF_-3fsHSNmEm_B_O2;*Ryb1hNk*1hF!n3fw{dtE7)~Dp3 z&Ke(+oS@ej<_yS92fE+??X}Ppuv1FGLg_WJOW=w6kx-Qhewg0^is!4)3jd}ZJ$5zdyHpuzEDVOH8sV6gVAO_?) z!2)VhYecJU0NlIh??54sjZ}g0iK#qQz2+%b`A-M;F{9!8vn?_}xed)hd7qwKaGiL! ztsL&4*C@5dg!L41h!K#z_On7~iMqeFbI3Ds6~rI!8^s=I{oW9BZaTU{&%rQi`BUw^GQjR6zn{)VDc75(hRbM8ITAdHYx?THUj0HV;;!Bz50$K=;UEucoZ!jnS zmqtiifT*w4m>bg#DR(@GH-8?m@WLEI$vGFW4nL6YkpWIu5MCcd9=m1H3-j49Vsj#L z%;_k`ghlE?Y>_qsmFy7=5w0a#Qx234vkJ+d1SWP&Vk_DC)TYMt1pW(GbP^`W8FQYm=13NgOSxb*hDI0=0oUnVy>jFThKv!LH=jjqm8V2BG9r%xor?(knC?R@ za=iw%qx}7CUfpW8@q5-A6Oe2b=5jmp?SH>!SiydxWR(f7=@WC~d9JTovCisW-dMr! z&jjsR!|+iiH!h3w^;_U5?LKC!%z)BDoEIbU(p|L~-Ne2UQIwd$OD~v6kH|ZP;KI*T zX$JgXg$GL37-LOAwW7o(NH%VfgBCL*%sw7d>Hb?Xn0gaT22B4UaJ%9bT;@^7Ma2ZE zr2BMpiyfB`wABR;M#2jFs+mRK=d;AhPB!12iULP(#&T>*lq+x}O`I0UjTNGm#v#uT z0}>=RJioQ&$fq&r;T+)Qa%^KCF8;QzhZ0XKUczc!Nb30k7>neUr;w0_yHfI2vPJ;waIBQxh&7<>M1M>csJ+NOfz32 zJN8Nyxn3QZ4u5Jhe3!8Ht`q@Ygav3)U$kpm!zE~iAGs6N%BP;`q@L$O+p%djs{?jN z0jxyYrsmF%f%Xah?l?eMI$({5^c0)XY5hz0Xn~uG9{$jtI_e2n#thc#2>qm^POGeD zcqP(OxP;)@D%}f;XRY{=b6!<@a}_+9uyWKdwruiHOBcD|A2awK#tm?EeqD~%D-)!} zykdu;(!a4_^68MDEqMq@C6PWc?{LA&A=av@@Q8acrLT6?H{bCL3c?zvq{|~IP-P*+ zxE!j9!9L}a*N<3<^{tFX7VP!iq=^FEfPIcAjzUvs7Vl|r^Z{T&Co?2v9XwaM@5#<5 z%R=*Or!J;lb7nFn6o{^P^z6P21K7^3X)~r9=?FlGk ze`CPz$CzpHICqduR5J(&%wvfZ*!XwoW%=nc484yh z&=PL#)e`?lNdM;I{=&GtAz!G3I0##td2e4;x*`7Uba;Oj3`l6kZ z)BqPC#R^m~jk^Fz{p!}gcIU)mepx>aPWw@_K8%<>4|+q9oUiVgHE8p=%78&cOE6s; z-g8oSPKqurv7(Bo+~`|(LF2Vw&1^_s>Yem4_#y;UfiKUP;wU6nN#oMY`wR{-wu~Hz z7Z0nOe{9v|Gf<#TgM=un)&7Ic3-EO=s*a2ho8FT?2l)D3Tmk8V$Ap=XN_LPIngC#ev($O4^V3N)PF4rId_lMo-6Xl zQq#k&vyU-QxJz`cGvOOQI_MpWr7_>*hvj?|!2Lo@yp9>8+pU2%m=0m2BH0mohZ-YD zP7Q5r$LY1fj%>{Oe4{=!tvhaBp@dFEpe-Y;b%rr_ge)NBi#r$>LxLS?~(ys2l;es8?lyXpqY<_9)Rd7nalkMLyo04*5wb#PSCr(9=etopGU-CoscbhcFX1nV{ z8v1We{`~xWmb4TyicZJTLv1}iXAMp%Zjj#=P>QPNqt<3_`q>;6!rm}R3S6!WdoolJ zS?vX?gS}B+^aPVdF~j#v5q4T364-_hCU>=}-b-#gT3fseT9hogopA~+%Cyy>osMqc zJcK6JKjxvpIA;1O5R+)v_YCh@8lPL+K@UEK9|Bv}uE|qiZ`N;y;`< z(W5ZDNiL0U*FEGWV-f|B;epfhg~o7V@0aI$`_`)vc?M3-hYQK)ii#Cy|Ku=otyFQv;$cAdZ2}5RU-#Z zoy)1#u9v)tXymD`sbt4y7`C0iUc-k6jBbCQ^*y#V{%o!199Ej_(jJ{>>5S|C^hgMY zN@wVL{g1z?>%$HshxPfxphi!!c!-HYhKxr3Y~BsY>NsZvCL|@hxr!}2)az~WCD27H zhV3RWJyH3W@K`@Wa-~oa4s!BpF8^V>eUWo6Yh$Dl&>Q7fXc5sn(efihjT324Aemf^|DS(bBQm^1uA< zS&_G_JxR_C-UzfbSwMN-A}N(`Cjkgp;~bf~4=$k@F~(Q~I>Zh+=;W0Kn`F44d{*jN zX_3eEh%BnVhM&WGkxzn+H8X zRTBgtrXB>|la`N~_cC13Av&xwlU)z+%o_F4<%)fEP@-9EWeXdzt?|Gk#Tt>#sdicC zwpZW6?Z*#xLQ2QGDI1Kta+a9n14UpvT^;QDyBG2&(>nw{L<*}4Kqc!S4xfhop0R)s z>!+S!{P`Yn1Q776B=YTgZj83U7i*42;|uht7CXes$pSRR{_A}!r(5?6Hsqhs6)MN5 z1-&!x-L}BLYfRbq?PWn5vfM^ev{*?<2{*`mg_~G(vMo;BO;>hD=wT!8&Ks(JRwQ=4 z9OZzCtiw~A%IEAE2?iEij2^U5ZX{2t9H47Sr9*J&IyorrHT3%1f7f{&SA`E= ziSK67Xc#8+BPA>TLBdq(yX`*oq1un^8Dz&QtxI{FinqHZ%knRivK_yG0*z9 zcERR`W22uxy|UZatRAh;>pEXK=*u5T)%|D@6taW)T#RnI`*&ynMv-ZyJT;3ZFrfL* z_V6X67<{#DRkhBtM=$;xUvIMBl;K(DMPT`ew_p+SXm5!n*oUNK4IL+w9~rp$n;w94 z*@pwU+h?!_V1}uvK_<+q6D1lZy^_3_e-LcVtGo>9I~gsii%ZY zcMy#>IJlF*0@|yevq(CsB`*u!NRQr?$lBls=_2ZUIjP*@V9~3Am2fEWfh%${rp2kH za=?uv;8CBKzMvi6ui#h{QFu|aDXRch{xiUHjU9Y7DPA4SfI8C1Y7oXGh`+f$SkHh$ zV6TmLMCqkzF%{g~ZV zq=2)J!8BNJS-i!I@Qj(Y-Y*szTI`BU4A>5`08=K*_4AkVcMQ?xPgY5%t5l<6H%b`k zI)T=V)>e&h<=7+saBX`iAuGyn%jfImb+=qAXtwuF$@9kZ)i!$`uuk3EyjEhJPMLVUUqSNz^Zc+hz66_D@LE+2- zoW1jg;d6NPJ)G$610|z+xq^^gqa+rhcti^>=owM_US@;{Iy{DIYoGUXh$QXdcb5A% znH;|7Xl&V-f;y2kgi)G4-&+EB#nyWF=lnIZgV z^)HSd&h@s)afqhyHsCoOa+uYJMzegB1EAs-?EDw+N|-RX1p?)LvdiATxico zB6ues&Z%TYPpF`+tL5QD7GzcPAmtR}aU}3SPMa}%+(nG+tnM0em`6VS96dDJ7pvj4 zP?O$oDs<(Wo<23?hf4Og#hlhekBY&q(igDb+MxDQ1BsOadm&H*yec6J3w~SiZ7f@| zpoi$5I~)F|xo5m-@P@^K4YC^Z4W~5BqyWNny33MMZw18Y@S~#ihe$RVfi8En5o?5~ zXC~pfxl%~h=&AahKeUGLZ~_1CyaJ8FpsLM#7=asy0PL8BcVD`vB-@ZJSS*v9*P_VF zSFNIXXN*F9uRs{MlFkfor23zY7~#9!vj${A*1cinHS=6{%-H*kjn8Xg_EMZq7BhR- zV=eN*>o6s~1zzS`0yoz_aVg$l7Mmw%q!)m*S~SG-u~e%To<<0Bj#*i6lu#dZ_DVxXw|*oFFM(iy?@Yz_H$=3ZqsuQ zX^Q#l?OY#}b83u!NM7u{{v=;b#A!qPxNz(wXd=rBs54KF2Y}JEJ5Zkw?qzgJT}>?6 z%|Yz*SLz44E5V=a1O?sVxcTSI`;UUoypIEun&O3=7K^fEx=f;#MAC@dp2jcEUFHk6 zc^Du-w49Iw#PkR6+236sA}4W@Z@hH*B;$Xcmku-Bz;1I!cz@|ECJ=MS^g{3-A8Cd# z_w!A%pt&za$H?Q zqPNB%3EL`5=MZxywWWS9N4oA%$G2wtqyKG}DHhPE!AllU2z8Q$56+QSfkM0%oFGws zHwLQCz_FUz$5&;y_OL$$+{@El9rtV}B{I9=d42v$XW>o-XOWu(>|EP+* zA@v9Td7k|y)y%r|&^e38|BXluylgc;zYGl!#ZK@3&mT>C(K}vsEyeq3KcO`raQ{`z;`vp9gkzoA^PDsWorI z&mSH;w`+%hS|)WeXGlgc$3%5hwOSQl`TMzdE#3EFKA+`Y@{|+V=xe71I~u2i_!+=0i=8(f2Y|0o~Pz5qDf$COKce<;+AK0)8nJk#epA??phURDJKvQ2#i)#crz%yLpV*!Me!E;zt<6siJLrY>qL&vVGC#rjx;cl z*I(FN)utnSWhKFfe0wAka&W@)40ob$ixK&eVo6F5iXzMHIneSuKNf#vF`1?CUl)mr zT{ZxX2Pn48xo}^uCY@|2sL!`WhzD#c##o-q$m>d{e`u;PKY)-9Afz}7SW z?5h~DH!?Z1n&f!$@}QRPsV41e-Z2#mUD@6CmrfsIz^3E~03&IswbQdQL+Zh8fp;TQ z)5qyh3YyvX2gA2(QchI=Yj;a3FlNAZ~ag1gWe?(TQKuzYxeu(V6QXo1>&%3+=6MjiXO zb;9)X{6iTa3O9C1Z=PT!5_;vST=x2lz?*0W`>glm>9eNH_G~Ru;G*nguAeAndg^>9 zD(DMG>JPyNh|)T5{v%54AKGi6_#L;`In>%Wh?3>JJrsX5uZ_0U>Cg07i%xfZ@F6jr zw#UFFzs@v%IWN`u>a<@9|EoUQF=yzrvf|r*$+|U;u_{J&%uxknLD{ zS~C45Zd@WVSYm%y5=|(Th%1$sF7&0{Tl)~9sZwOfUNq_ zNniTl#j)z>T}E_6aTeAi>0(iV-2*Y6kUUa>>AdFYmUW-4wrC%Puz}U}L_o5}6KEY| z%Ep$p<|TO#qCM3@LcW@^4)?Y$2SaQ^b10o5zbnsy%A(E}{GyJw)}KdtL{df;b|X_` zY8L2a0n6x3v|)lJNPV;Zysz(`w)wb9O?4KF!m`BGTVc3(zdq*A;3*acT!dtQvFjIs z4sLL{y`0XWoM8>Vu8!`cuk3hPo6gQErBdK9V}uoP_ce)bJG)~Nc!9bfI9-|d@%Vm)lYrQW}*@#1cvbvg9vmGOcg})5u`7o!C zaN(BMUFTgxEuoY5aTKflhnKymPS^zmfKKp6jI{4v6 zw(y8hokJGO+6;cD)cmJ~ojXTgq9`?uMH6ntdizZRA_UEljw4e})F;p99x@p+mU9n2 zZbdrq1S}+laTf}e5D6N=-Nnp0P@OO0i>n6I!QRM?;&_C-X zL%HpqA&MdHZbP77hK1w%s!y)}T!B_YrE>4(Q;M-T*MEpL|CGKb;M-VB5V*VzBy>6D zoq>)W->DB6&_L zigB?pe|ltft>K+XB^-et2#OPZ%R(&c7cwt5Ki%gJe!UzLaT;0H|AKksc$MLbYt%gL zF|M2^h7K9B)CK&71b}hLWon{|D5EP3Q!1d72V(s8t*htP*pP`z7Jck4{w(OjGaYja zUM(D>?Bj7VSXjACOTg&wEAhKd5AMn;|NU5~g^wz_kQ?yw_jvw9&2vp*FAIy$3h^VN zK8!S#5Q~E|4k={R9yK!``3CVjx+0K?Ec;! z5)63xMzwgg+zLk-`@szom9I1Fg*$KZQQf{K+S4_r3nEjJ1c`s*$y1FbJ{%Z@;y+k_ zP{Sem&Zm;XyoI<%Xm&&o)D+}2%e|vOuijfWc&>z0umC*EJ@M?hC@*r2Q!i+Zrye*8 z7eo>M!fFZf}Y@ z;g{`mq;iEL;yXixyh>h*Y1%rp@_tlM8MPjzFgRp|d9KkZ4KwPMGY}hpUk59@)Ycu( z@jsOe?i@^jpx`cYbaYQ+bUr8_>P(7{7x z`5~SSD5ccH`U99U@en@D=xNKHu7`2cHd=1wOSkb)w)4>o4G5%5`e}~Ga-^`!WO9lu z+V&09;l?`0SIuWUR{atiZslLm=g2K9BR9XYr3fy@=TNf@r^$flchk)wQs;1ej>B8n z3yY{WYi?_c(_|DCEGc%ywL<2mDX>^4Nc>z! zM`W{&Ea>+H5Qxela!W~wo0?OA3is2vcM>XI0W-hi&0M2RN@o=9He|t!0D5G?U!LL| zZZsnGPuo>CF2TH%);!9b6V5$5=O*yYbHiap@Q1>kR|jMR|0{S1C6oc}L0+!=kU__8 z@HcEm@d^*%(o_M#_ZPjXN6n%nHZf}`#JEjE65RvaxiT1e;Hnut?F!3OJxmQW-n;-yGQpHkFQT6Q>1T@vQD1g{FBZkC;cH~pEp%CV6>>c@>_dDQtr zq99bPZof0GUqZvhfU`}*7(K4@`T$3EC|`fJeN(_Rnm7H^=W4Qz_sr!_MWmUTR*V-8 zfmwIgDPbdCJ)9|VzuGx<3?^w>pBVn8b`L3 zg(UF55I0U5*In|(KeSuENwEk9;@gLGqEds%LO?k4xCL*3_QWjU_fzEkM%ngu=i8=Ege+jPq)jIQ6ddnS1UT4_3d&2XLW}9)`pS;;OBCPXk}l-}IR- z&-F3G6%uUwEFuZhw!eyj+3cEh1I;r;O_NMHQWCw4U`$?{MrsH;{Vn9^A6ov(~JEyPg>X{gtguiG2Tjqa>)?~#>e z9(T!8W*GlaW{14OOSkQX>9tTjZ6iJ~IjwoGSoq)LP!uv+U%#5bgh3pN0aKpF0#3_w=mZXi?G>ravk(?6ue5FG7u z^Yr=`hyKP@+uo@uhoidGqZ?w3{n`rJr+P`7#(XT8>vX?JX$#kSS~`gE*Adr2 zRw3#c?u>aBhMyWfBFKK9-d_2Q_7uG;wLXf)P@g3vPattzEZWw)xDi9 zKdy!iy5LGn5#v%^jB`>{wbxSNccUCnP_91(=O!KCfY5I--`BX-fAknj1yGb(cqQ9o z!=v^!@P(KA!Sb6tQoor^e5!Vy9P|4SMx;X42Mah=a+NXrnL_=KNlV}cEZc(Q!kj|Z z5sa9%GyP(*uB^3xom5>ZgwaUkkKh6pO%~!_*H6p@0NDeujAMS-s&SAR4-0Rv!qK3})&rK0ad zrR#XGZk{qbO6qEKz9#$g+zGg_wKQzv7jX#8vrw;{O6mtZbcTPboTmSTqZIgeID%Yp zx?$gW8_)mQgEZkh0E2=MP9kfI58o4U2Pe53_PE%p(@eteyo|G$)a#X{2n-q|AFJMP zNdoM5NIJSk9G-Sc)wdp;Lrrpx#x-^Y;sa1b6B#=K0;pIhh@L?2a?dO*I>f> zn}ws@6+HHmN6!Vr&H=7A^Y-b7Ke@kXDk^qquS-&Y#v`NYIA&ab>^w zIa`<x zvb0xB;H>~V@6ky7q-|2DD+ql>q69>yhn(b_{&3ALnZhUu5S%*xV937~CnN5EZ-2)cfudx=;-l{M^E~4SzQZpBkVd zi=Qo0<=RoC2)p4`aNXY!$*Ovvp?ZLNd~4fiu)wChz3if3GxR--9xe`lOE zzI?a#=R;%BofBpseo`L9{LHYr{OF;xW?lW{CtLR=1dj4^D7*Me?lUQlmsXaX4A{Pr z4@P<07Q?NNwcKkj8$g>6y$;Wr9j!(-88<@pbZv6ml~$ihEX5k?DW+$X1(ctkxU@yv z85?25>&t;!W|K<~`pI&DtN41Z&Lh^~FJ9kUFy%t3PRZk^sBF5&M9BCSOwM9Q-1_kg zW+Xh;0vy}f2;4aO0Dl!x0Srd5pnK764{nb+?(!j?EKM!dlbmg3PT&Qvfp>IDy~`8a z=-#v#jLGDN=UM8~soCG({YOK@bT0d_A#*9%$0re|U|3TM=7pcl?Jom`+OzTvS|D@y zMxNJzYH;2}$Pa@H#iW7)YKUs6Y!E$7ugK|B)J53E4_DUI_Oa@3s0-mD3JFJIQpY^x zp^qa$$N_fG*^T8C;eo_5y&VxY(4-h`j=Oc&`%`bv$hAW^&K+SY{M9-flSM?UImi0m zj{YY~f<(NP1$wuN*9#;+eWt3mbAbO0*VZ4GjLFK`JfWxg-8Lwh0czzQnOn@7zlHg9 z+ul(<0WQ1e`H5ZMLR4JetTWSW;T!`L0_$s>{@@Ipx>am-SL5``ufRY?`)}(Dle%8c zyO02UM*)N#G%0lJFIcNHk#v=9Ck)2*@KIrV@O-I_?7pH5&U!>W{P@$7oiu!IiydrR z)FS8o^~tEMy*3s#l&-6rP0PgT$70q2ROJ_A4^7=ik@|NSsqli>xkxs!?Rpu8{V$Rf zEN*LNee<*rA_TCd&OjmsWEqsWCQIr0ug?~F4LQS{z zJVGu?U*>BW*+iFvI Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2015 17:06:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 079/173] Trello Board Collection of Data Science Resources --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 67da2130..75b52f11 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ --- ### Analytics - +- [Huge Trello Board Collection of Data Science Resources](https://trello.com/b/rbpEfMld/data-science) - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) - [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) From 91ba7f07a9f839c6586e11cbbd68b01ac42b27e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thiakx Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2015 17:08:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 080/173] Trello Board Collection of Data Science Resources --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 75b52f11..020f576d 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ --- ### Analytics + - [Huge Trello Board Collection of Data Science Resources](https://trello.com/b/rbpEfMld/data-science) - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) - [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) From 7d7c6c306de05eaf6ad81acaeeb69cfff5f9ffb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thiakx Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2015 01:37:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 081/173] Diving Into Data Science Flipboard --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 020f576d..0e737bcf 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Analytics - [Huge Trello Board Collection of Data Science Resources](https://trello.com/b/rbpEfMld/data-science) +- [Diving Into Data Science Flipboard](https://flipboard.com/@thiakx/diving-into-data-science-5823ectuy) - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) - [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) From 42574539596b486ca381fb9a6c85fe7010cb8275 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2015 21:29:08 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 082/173] added link to an Rscript --- other.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index bb521d05..76f94205 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ permalink: /other/ ## Configuring R and RStudio (Linux) - [Installing xlsx and XML packages on Debian Wheezy](http://allanino.me/blog/programming/installing-some-r-packages/) +- [Rscript to customize R environment](http://bit.ly/r-customize-script) - Installs packages used in the specialization. - [Installing Some Basic R Packages in Ubuntu; Ibrahim El Merehbi](http://elmerehbi.wordpress.com/2014/09/09/installing-some-basic-r-packages-in-ubuntu) - [Using Projects in RStudio](https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200526207-Using-Projects) - [Using Version Control with RStudio](https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200532077-Version-Control-with-Git-and-SVN) From 6ab13c6f2a58e1694c3d025982bfadb9e20220fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2015 11:43:29 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 083/173] add comparison of supervised learning algorithms to PML page --- pml.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index dd7974f2..f6905302 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -16,3 +16,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Machine Learning Competitions - [Participating in Kaggle's Allstate Purchase Prediction Challenge](http://www.dataschool.io/kaggle-allstate-purchase-prediction-challenge/): Description of what it's like to compete in a Kaggle competition, including links to a project paper, R code, presentation slides, and a presentation video. + +## Choosing a Machine Learning Model + +- [Comparing Supervised Learning Algorithms](http://www.dataschool.io/comparing-supervised-learning-algorithms/): Comparing 8 common supervised learning algorithms (for regression and classification) on 13 different dimensions. From fc21325b9fef21a40f4bef29f3b3e54b80d511d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: theendless219 Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2015 11:58:56 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 084/173] Create Interactive_Git_Game The two links below are for an interactive fun game to learn Git! It was created by GitHub user "pcottle" (check him out). None of this work is mine, I am simply sharing with you for learning purposes. --- Interactive_Git_Game | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Interactive_Git_Game diff --git a/Interactive_Git_Game b/Interactive_Git_Game new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0ab659b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Interactive_Git_Game @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +### Here is a demo for the game: http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/?demo +### Here is the game itself: http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/ From 6836a0debcb6c8109501e42ca25a92825eda5dc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: theendless219 Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2015 12:11:17 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 085/173] Update curated.md --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 0e737bcf..c1ef40fc 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Git Immersion - A guided tour through the fundamentals of Git](http://gitimmersion.com/) - [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts](http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) - [Try Git](https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1) +- [Learn Git Branching: Interactive Game] (http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/) ### Reproducible Research - [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) From 7ce91f1afad82d09fbe32f3aa4622e5b5d6c83b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2015 13:40:28 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 086/173] added git branch game --- Interactive_Git_Game | 3 --- curated.md | 2 +- 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Interactive_Git_Game diff --git a/Interactive_Git_Game b/Interactive_Git_Game deleted file mode 100644 index 0ab659b3..00000000 --- a/Interactive_Git_Game +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ - -### Here is a demo for the game: http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/?demo -### Here is the game itself: http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/ diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index c1ef40fc..5bad81ff 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Git Immersion - A guided tour through the fundamentals of Git](http://gitimmersion.com/) - [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts](http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) - [Try Git](https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1) -- [Learn Git Branching: Interactive Game] (http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/) +- [Learn Git Branching: Interactive Game](http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/) ### Reproducible Research - [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) From b8af6decec8cfffc4991fcd0f83013c8451ddb53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alkashef Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2015 14:58:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 087/173] Added the 8th entry to this list --- getclean.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 380a0515..059e4673 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/218c36a1938055d0f4e4) - [Second Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/699abe3e16fd1dc36e5d) - [Query string (and other fields-within-fields) unrolling](http://rpubs.com/schnee/32988) +- [Pre-processing Excel files for Later Data Analysis in R](https://github.com/alkashef/cleaningexceldata) From 198d46384a7fa6f7fe624d8ef0c9e2637f14c8ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: alkashef Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2015 15:00:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 088/173] Changed the title of the 8th entry --- getclean.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 059e4673..bc962f43 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/218c36a1938055d0f4e4) - [Second Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/699abe3e16fd1dc36e5d) - [Query string (and other fields-within-fields) unrolling](http://rpubs.com/schnee/32988) -- [Pre-processing Excel files for Later Data Analysis in R](https://github.com/alkashef/cleaningexceldata) +- [Pre-processing Excel files before loading them into R](https://github.com/alkashef/cleaningexceldata) From 75ed32e56fea30191142afee3bbcb084eaeba8c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2015 12:41:53 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 089/173] add new dplyr tutorial to getclean and improve description of older tutorial --- getclean.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index bc962f43..9afb3fcd 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Subsetting example walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/subset) - [Apples to Oranges Data Organisation Challenge](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/faoexample) -- [dplyr Video Tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWjqLW-u3hc) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial): An [update](http://blog.rstudio.org/2014/01/17/introducing-dplyr/) to the plyr package, useful for subsetting, sorting, summarizing, and merging data using a more intuitive syntax than plyr or base R. +- [dplyr introductory tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWjqLW-u3hc) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial): A 39-minute video tutorial that covers the five basic dplyr "verbs" and a dozen other dplyr functions. dplyr is an [update](http://blog.rstudio.org/2014/01/17/introducing-dplyr/) to the plyr package, useful for subsetting, sorting, summarizing, and merging data using a more intuitive syntax than plyr or base R. +- [dplyr "going deeper" tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mh1PqfsXVI) and [R Markdown document](http://rpubs.com/justmarkham/dplyr-tutorial-part-2): A 37-minute video tutorial that covers the new functionality in dplyr versions 0.3 and 0.4. - [Downloading files general advice](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/downloadtips) - [Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/218c36a1938055d0f4e4) - [Second Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/699abe3e16fd1dc36e5d) From e8d696e6690f03adf11620f0630e9616fb09b566 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marc Emanuel Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2015 17:16:22 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 090/173] suggested addition --- statinf.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index 51014339..821916dc 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -3,3 +3,5 @@ layout: page title: Statistical Inference permalink: /statinf/ --- + +- [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) From b43681b3613b8ca5c10d0a2620f0ab6b82d60f09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ProgramErgoSum Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2015 21:29:16 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 091/173] Create statinf-exp-distro Introduction of births data set for analysis of exponential distribution. --- statinf-exp-distro | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+) create mode 100644 statinf-exp-distro diff --git a/statinf-exp-distro b/statinf-exp-distro new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e46f465e --- /dev/null +++ b/statinf-exp-distro @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# statinf-exp-distro + +While I was searching for real examples of exponential distribution, I came across this interesting piece. + +"To see an example of a distribution that is approximately exponential, we will look at the interarrival time of babies. +On December 18, 1997, 44 babies were born in a hospital in Brisbane, Australia. The times of birth for all 44 babies were +reported in the local paper; you can download the data from http://thinkstats.com/babyboom.dat. " + +Later, I came across the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site that has data (~200 MB !) on births in the US. +The User Guide PDF document has the columns for date and time of birth. I want to use this data in a way similar to course +project of 'Statistical Inference' course. The project description as below: + + In this project you will investigate the exponential distribution in R and compare it with the Central Limit Theorem. + The exponential distribution can be simulated in R with rexp(n, λ ) where λ is the rate parameter. + The mean of exponential distribution is 1/λ and the standard deviation is also 1/λ . Set λ = 0.2 for all + of the simulations. You will investigate the distribution of averages of 40 exponentials. + + Note that you will need to do a thousand simulations. + + Illustrate via simulation and associated explanatory text the properties of the distribution of the mean of 40 exponentials. + You should + 1. Show the sample mean and compare it to the theoretical mean of the distribution. + 2. Show how variable the sample is (via variance) and compare it to the theoretical variance of the distribution. + 3. Show that the distribution is approximately normal. + +Thus, with the births dataset, to prove the convergence, do the following steps sound valid? + + Establish that the data has an exponential distribution. (How do I find the λ value?) + Take a random sample (size = 10) of the birth inter-arrival time. Calculate its mean. + Repeat this many times (n=1000). Plot it. + Repeat for size=50, size=100, size=250 and size=500. + + Then, the plots (for sizes 50, 100 and 500) should converge around normal distribution. + From 4afcac9b7e76451095c3247504907077eb1ca8a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JorisSchut Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2015 18:19:01 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 092/173] codebook template Codebook template that can be used in the Getting and Cleaning data project. --- Codebook template.Rmd | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 55 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Codebook template.Rmd diff --git a/Codebook template.Rmd b/Codebook template.Rmd new file mode 100644 index 00000000..07eef717 --- /dev/null +++ b/Codebook template.Rmd @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +--- +title: "Codebook template" +author: "Joris Schut" +date: "Tuesday, March 05, 2015" +output: + html_document: + keep_md: yes +--- + +## Project Description +Short description of the project + +##Study design and data processing + +###Collection of the raw data +Description of how the data was collected. + +###Notes on the original (raw) data +Some additional notes (if avaialble, otherwise you can leave this section out). + +##Creating the tidy datafile + +###Guide to create the tidy data file +Description on how to create the tidy data file (1. download the data, ...)/ + +###Cleaning of the data +Short, high-level description of what the cleaning script does. [link to the readme document that describes the code in greater detail]() + +##Description of the variables in the tiny_data.txt file +General description of the file including: + - Dimensions of the dataset + - Summary of the data + - Variables present in the dataset + +(you can easily use Rcode for this, just load the dataset and provide the information directly form the tidy data file) + +###Variable 1 (repeat this section for all variables in the dataset) +Short description of what the variable describes. + +Some information on the variable including: + - Class of the variable + - Unique values/levels of the variable + - Unit of measurement (if no unit of measurement list this as well) + - In case names follow some schema, describe how entries were constructed (for example time-body-gyroscope-z has 4 levels of descriptors. Describe these 4 levels). + +(you can easily use Rcode for this, just load the dataset and provide the information directly form the tidy data file) + +####Notes on variable 1: +If available, some additional notes on the variable not covered elsewehere. If no notes are present leave this section out. + +##Sources +Sources you used if any, otherise leave out. + +##Annex +If you used any code in the codebook that had the echo=FALSE attribute post this here (make sure you set the results parameter to 'hide' as you do not want the results to show again) \ No newline at end of file From 31662eb418a39dfb96c9c92680f290ba8c85f4a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2015 15:50:39 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 093/173] added births gist --- statinf-exp-distro | 34 ---------------------------------- statinf.md | 1 + 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 34 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 statinf-exp-distro diff --git a/statinf-exp-distro b/statinf-exp-distro deleted file mode 100644 index e46f465e..00000000 --- a/statinf-exp-distro +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -# statinf-exp-distro - -While I was searching for real examples of exponential distribution, I came across this interesting piece. - -"To see an example of a distribution that is approximately exponential, we will look at the interarrival time of babies. -On December 18, 1997, 44 babies were born in a hospital in Brisbane, Australia. The times of birth for all 44 babies were -reported in the local paper; you can download the data from http://thinkstats.com/babyboom.dat. " - -Later, I came across the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site that has data (~200 MB !) on births in the US. -The User Guide PDF document has the columns for date and time of birth. I want to use this data in a way similar to course -project of 'Statistical Inference' course. The project description as below: - - In this project you will investigate the exponential distribution in R and compare it with the Central Limit Theorem. - The exponential distribution can be simulated in R with rexp(n, λ ) where λ is the rate parameter. - The mean of exponential distribution is 1/λ and the standard deviation is also 1/λ . Set λ = 0.2 for all - of the simulations. You will investigate the distribution of averages of 40 exponentials. - - Note that you will need to do a thousand simulations. - - Illustrate via simulation and associated explanatory text the properties of the distribution of the mean of 40 exponentials. - You should - 1. Show the sample mean and compare it to the theoretical mean of the distribution. - 2. Show how variable the sample is (via variance) and compare it to the theoretical variance of the distribution. - 3. Show that the distribution is approximately normal. - -Thus, with the births dataset, to prove the convergence, do the following steps sound valid? - - Establish that the data has an exponential distribution. (How do I find the λ value?) - Take a random sample (size = 10) of the birth inter-arrival time. Calculate its mean. - Repeat this many times (n=1000). Plot it. - Repeat for size=50, size=100, size=250 and size=500. - - Then, the plots (for sizes 50, 100 and 500) should converge around normal distribution. - diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index 821916dc..e9500c8b 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ permalink: /statinf/ --- - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) +- [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) \ No newline at end of file From a205ec7ec54397eecefc58a343f754f5724ff9b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2015 15:56:05 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 094/173] added codebook gist --- Codebook template.Rmd | 55 ------------------------------------------- getclean.md | 1 + 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 55 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Codebook template.Rmd diff --git a/Codebook template.Rmd b/Codebook template.Rmd deleted file mode 100644 index 07eef717..00000000 --- a/Codebook template.Rmd +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: "Codebook template" -author: "Joris Schut" -date: "Tuesday, March 05, 2015" -output: - html_document: - keep_md: yes ---- - -## Project Description -Short description of the project - -##Study design and data processing - -###Collection of the raw data -Description of how the data was collected. - -###Notes on the original (raw) data -Some additional notes (if avaialble, otherwise you can leave this section out). - -##Creating the tidy datafile - -###Guide to create the tidy data file -Description on how to create the tidy data file (1. download the data, ...)/ - -###Cleaning of the data -Short, high-level description of what the cleaning script does. [link to the readme document that describes the code in greater detail]() - -##Description of the variables in the tiny_data.txt file -General description of the file including: - - Dimensions of the dataset - - Summary of the data - - Variables present in the dataset - -(you can easily use Rcode for this, just load the dataset and provide the information directly form the tidy data file) - -###Variable 1 (repeat this section for all variables in the dataset) -Short description of what the variable describes. - -Some information on the variable including: - - Class of the variable - - Unique values/levels of the variable - - Unit of measurement (if no unit of measurement list this as well) - - In case names follow some schema, describe how entries were constructed (for example time-body-gyroscope-z has 4 levels of descriptors. Describe these 4 levels). - -(you can easily use Rcode for this, just load the dataset and provide the information directly form the tidy data file) - -####Notes on variable 1: -If available, some additional notes on the variable not covered elsewehere. If no notes are present leave this section out. - -##Sources -Sources you used if any, otherise leave out. - -##Annex -If you used any code in the codebook that had the echo=FALSE attribute post this here (make sure you set the results parameter to 'hide' as you do not want the results to show again) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 9afb3fcd..7e30d4ef 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Second Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/699abe3e16fd1dc36e5d) - [Query string (and other fields-within-fields) unrolling](http://rpubs.com/schnee/32988) - [Pre-processing Excel files before loading them into R](https://github.com/alkashef/cleaningexceldata) +- [Codebook template that can be used in the Getting and Cleaning Data project](https://gist.github.com/JorisSchut/dbc1fc0402f28cad9b41) From ec64fabe01085cae3d4f2805d81f6e9d145c81e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xing Su Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2015 13:08:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 095/173] Added links to the notes I compiled for all 9 classes --- about.md | 3 ++- ddp.md | 4 ++++ eda.md | 6 +++++- getclean.md | 4 ++++ pml.md | 4 ++++ regmod.md | 4 ++++ repres.md | 4 ++++ rprog.md | 4 ++++ statinf.md | 4 ++++ toolbox.md | 3 +++ 10 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/about.md b/about.md index 1685c410..27bf2391 100644 --- a/about.md +++ b/about.md @@ -22,4 +22,5 @@ The [Data Science Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specialization/jhudat - Michael Sachs - Allan Inocêncio de Souza Costa - [stepds](https://github.com/stepds) -- Bastiaan Quast \ No newline at end of file +- Bastiaan Quast +- [Xing Su](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index b3d009e2..a517b609 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -8,3 +8,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) + +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [Developing Data Products](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index af87ef61..7bcf339c 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ permalink: /eda/ - [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) - [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) -- [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) \ No newline at end of file +- [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) + +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [Exploratory Data Analysis](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 9afb3fcd..a4da5515 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -13,3 +13,7 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Second Codebook sample](https://gist.github.com/kirstenfrank/699abe3e16fd1dc36e5d) - [Query string (and other fields-within-fields) unrolling](http://rpubs.com/schnee/32988) - [Pre-processing Excel files before loading them into R](https://github.com/alkashef/cleaningexceldata) + +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [Getting and Cleaning Data](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index f6905302..81464e9c 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -20,3 +20,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Choosing a Machine Learning Model - [Comparing Supervised Learning Algorithms](http://www.dataschool.io/comparing-supervised-learning-algorithms/): Comparing 8 common supervised learning algorithms (for regression and classification) on 13 different dimensions. + +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [Practical Machine Learning](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) diff --git a/regmod.md b/regmod.md index a18c17c7..1445c83d 100644 --- a/regmod.md +++ b/regmod.md @@ -7,3 +7,7 @@ permalink: /regmod/ ## Supplementary Videos - [Video lectures from "An Introduction to Statistical Learning"](http://www.dataschool.io/15-hours-of-expert-machine-learning-videos/): Videos for Chapter 3 can help to deepen your understanding of regression. + +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [Regression Models](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index ead7eac4..41303ddd 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -7,3 +7,7 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) - [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) + +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [Reproducible Research](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 082f8ff5..398aeb3e 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -16,5 +16,9 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) ## R language cheatsheet + - [R cheatsheet covering all lectures](https://github.com/startupjing/Tech_Notes/blob/master/R/R_language.md) +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [R Programming](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index 821916dc..5869683a 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -5,3 +5,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ --- - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) + +## Comprehensive Notes + +- Complete notes for [Statistical Inference](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index 2f9a8134..347c8c98 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ - [Understanding the Relationship Between Git and GitHub](http://www.dataschool.io/github-is-just-dropbox-for-git/) - [Simple Guide to GitHub Forks](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-forks-in-github-and-git/) - [Github Repo Tutorial How to fork a repo, download it to your local drive and commit changes ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY94AIplcaU) + +## Comprehensive Notes +- Complete notes for [The Data Scientist's Toolbox](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file From dab179d6e69ceda5e189ef68d68ee1c1dc4b210c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dan Killian Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2015 19:09:41 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 096/173] Upload benefit-cost analysis exercise in knitr --- Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html | 331 ++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 331 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html diff --git a/Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html b/Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3f029100 --- /dev/null +++ b/Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html @@ -0,0 +1,331 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Cost-Benefit Analysis Lesson 6 Problem + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + +

Marginal Benefit (MB) = 200 - Q
Travel Cost (TC) = 20
Congestion Costs (CC) = Q - 100
Marginal Social Cost (MSC) = TC + CC

+
MB <- function(q) {
+    200 - q
+    }
+TC <- 20
+CC <- function(q) {
+    q - 80
+    }
+MSC = function(TC, CC) {
+    TC + CC
+    }
+

How many visits would we expect if there were no entry fee for the park?

+

If we were only dealing with trip cost, then:

+

200 - q = 20
q* = 180

+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+points(180,20,pch=16)
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+
    +
  1. What is the consumer surplus associated with these visits?
    2. +
+

Consumer surplus is the area above optimal price and left of the demand schedule.

+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+points(180,20,pch=16)
+xcord <- c(0, 180, 0)
+ycord <- c(20,20, 200)
+polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
+text(60, 70, "Consumer surplus (no entrance fee)")
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+

For linear demand, consumer surplus is 1/2 * x * y

+
1/2 * 180 * 180
+
## [1] 16200
+

$16,200

+

If we were dealing with a nonlinear demand function, we’d need to integrate over q.

+
require(mosaic)
+
## Loading required package: mosaic
+## Loading required package: car
+## Loading required package: dplyr
+## 
+## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
+## 
+## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
+## 
+##     filter
+## 
+## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
+## 
+##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
+## 
+## Loading required package: lattice
+## Loading required package: ggplot2
+## 
+## Attaching package: 'mosaic'
+## 
+## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
+## 
+##     count, do, tally
+## 
+## The following object is masked from 'package:car':
+## 
+##     logit
+## 
+## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
+## 
+##     binom.test, cor, cov, D, fivenum, IQR, median, prop.test,
+##     quantile, sd, t.test, var
+## 
+## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
+## 
+##     max, mean, min, prod, range, sample, sum
+
F <- antiD(200 - q ~ q)
+F
+
## function (q, C = 0) 
+## 200 * q - 1/2 * q^2 + C
+
F(200) - F(20)
+
## [1] 16200
+

Same result.

+
    +
  1. What is an efficient fee for the park?
    2. +
+

If we are dealing with total social costs, then:

+

Congestion costs + trip cost = q - 80

+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+segments(80,0,200,120)
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+

Set marginal benefit equal to marginal costs to solve for optimal values

+

200 - q = q - 80
2q = 280
q* = 140
MB* = 60

+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+segments(80,0,200,120)
+points(140,60, pch=16)
+segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
+segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+

$60 is the optimal cost, but $20 of that is the trip cost, so the fee imposed by the facility would be $40.

+
    +
  1. How many visits would we see with the efficient fee?
    2. +
+

140

+
    +
  1. After a fee is imposed: +
      +
    1. What is the consumer surplus?
      2. +
    2. +
+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+segments(80,0,200,120)
+points(140,60, pch=16)
+segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
+segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
+xcord <- c(0,140,0)
+ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
+polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
+text(45,100, "Consumer surplus (with fee)")
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+
1/2*140*140
+
## [1] 9800
+
F(200) - F(60)
+
## [1] 9800
+

$9,800

+
b.  What is the government revenue?
+

Government revenue is the portion of the original consumer surplus that now goes toward the fee.

+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+points(140,60, pch=16)
+segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
+segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
+xcord <- c(0,140,0)
+ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
+polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
+text(40, 100, "Consumer surplus")
+xcord2 <- c(0,140,140,0)
+ycord2 <- c(60,60,20,20)
+polygon(xcord2, ycord2, col="light blue")
+segments(80,0,200,120)
+text(50, 40, "Government revenue")
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+
40*140
+
## [1] 5600
+

Price $40 * visitors 140 = $5,600

+
c.  What is the deadweight loss that has been avoided?
+

The deadweight loss is the lost efficiency due to imposition of the fee. Graphically, it is the triangle below and left of the demand curve, to the right of the supply (variable costs) curve, and above the fixed cost line.

+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+points(140,60, pch=16)
+segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
+segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
+xcord <- c(0,140,0)
+ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
+polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
+text(40, 100, "Consumer surplus")
+xcord2 <- c(0,140,140,0)
+ycord2 <- c(60,60,20,20)
+polygon(xcord2, ycord2, col="light blue")
+segments(80,0,200,120)
+text(50, 40, "Government revenue")
+segments(180,20,180,100, lty="dotted")
+xcord3 <- c(180,180,140) 
+ycord3 <- c(20,100,60)
+polygon(xcord3, ycord3, col="darkslategray4")
+text(160, 60, "Loss")
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+
1/2*(180-140)*(100-20)
+
## [1] 1600
+
F(180) - F(140)
+
## [1] 1600
+

$1,600

+

In the absence of a fee, visitors in the “Loss” area do not enjoy any surplus (benefit) due to congestion.

+
d.    What are the avoided congestion costs?
+

Congestion costs would be visits after the optimal point of 140, up to the trip cost optimum of 180, bounded by the optimal prices of $60 and $20.

+
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
+abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
+points(140,60, pch=16)
+segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
+segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
+xcord <- c(0,140,0)
+ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
+polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
+text(40, 100, "Consumer surplus")
+xcord2 <- c(0,140,140,0)
+ycord2 <- c(60,60,20,20)
+polygon(xcord2, ycord2, col="light blue")
+segments(80,0,200,120)
+text(50, 40, "Government revenue")
+segments(180,20,180,100, lty="dotted")
+xcord3 <- c(180,180,140) 
+ycord3 <- c(20,100,60)
+polygon(xcord3, ycord3, col="darkslategray4")
+text(160, 60, "Loss")
+xcord4 <- c(140,180,140) 
+ycord4 <- c(60,20,20)
+polygon(xcord4, ycord4, col="mediumorchid")
+text(151, 30, "Costs")
+

+
dev.off()
+
## null device 
+##           1
+
1/2*(180-140)*(60-20)
+
## [1] 800
+

$800 in congestion costs from $140-$180 below the demand curve, plus $1,600 from the deadweight loss ($140-$180 above the demand curve). So $2,400 in congestion costs are avoided.

+
    +
  1. What are the net benefits from imposing a fee?
    2. +
+

Without fee:

+

Benefit: Consumer surplus $16,200

+

Cost: Congestion $3,200

+

Net benefit: $13,000

+

With fee:

+

Benefit: Consumer surplus $9,800
Government revenue $5,600

+

Costs: Congestion $800

+

Net benefit $14,600

+

The net benefit of imposing a fee is $14,600 - $13,000 = $1,600

+

This is the same as the deadweight loss that was avoided by imposing a fee

+ + +
+ + + + + + + + From 35e0c36929f83a93759094ad2b7c0e5122835646 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kevin Markham Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2015 21:14:56 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 097/173] add link to machine learning video on PML page --- pml.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index 81464e9c..be4defc3 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Supplementary Videos +- [What is machine learning, and how does it work?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elojMnjn4kk): A high-level overview of machine learning in a 10-minute video - [Video lectures from "An Introduction to Statistical Learning"](http://www.dataschool.io/15-hours-of-expert-machine-learning-videos/): Videos for Chapters 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 can help to deepen your understanding of the topics presented in this course. ## Machine Learning Competitions From 601d05ca0eb9247e3f87b43853ccb88c903597d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dkillian Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2015 15:58:38 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 098/173] Update repres.md --- repres.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 41303ddd..1ce2f7fa 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) - [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) +- [Benefit-cost analysis of a park user fee](https://github.com/dkillian/dkillian.github.io) ## Comprehensive Notes -- Complete notes for [Reproducible Research](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file +- Complete notes for [Reproducible Research](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) From a15e4760b453908083d35843f71af112fdb2e909 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dkillian Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2015 16:00:49 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 099/173] Delete Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html --- Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html | 331 -------------------- 1 file changed, 331 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html diff --git a/Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html b/Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html deleted file mode 100644 index 3f029100..00000000 --- a/Benefit-cost analysis of park user fee.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,331 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Cost-Benefit Analysis Lesson 6 Problem - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - -

Marginal Benefit (MB) = 200 - Q
Travel Cost (TC) = 20
Congestion Costs (CC) = Q - 100
Marginal Social Cost (MSC) = TC + CC

-
MB <- function(q) {
-    200 - q
-    }
-TC <- 20
-CC <- function(q) {
-    q - 80
-    }
-MSC = function(TC, CC) {
-    TC + CC
-    }
-

How many visits would we expect if there were no entry fee for the park?

-

If we were only dealing with trip cost, then:

-

200 - q = 20
q* = 180

-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-points(180,20,pch=16)
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-
    -
  1. What is the consumer surplus associated with these visits?
    2. -
-

Consumer surplus is the area above optimal price and left of the demand schedule.

-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-points(180,20,pch=16)
-xcord <- c(0, 180, 0)
-ycord <- c(20,20, 200)
-polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
-text(60, 70, "Consumer surplus (no entrance fee)")
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-

For linear demand, consumer surplus is 1/2 * x * y

-
1/2 * 180 * 180
-
## [1] 16200
-

$16,200

-

If we were dealing with a nonlinear demand function, we’d need to integrate over q.

-
require(mosaic)
-
## Loading required package: mosaic
-## Loading required package: car
-## Loading required package: dplyr
-## 
-## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
-## 
-## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
-## 
-##     filter
-## 
-## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
-## 
-##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
-## 
-## Loading required package: lattice
-## Loading required package: ggplot2
-## 
-## Attaching package: 'mosaic'
-## 
-## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
-## 
-##     count, do, tally
-## 
-## The following object is masked from 'package:car':
-## 
-##     logit
-## 
-## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
-## 
-##     binom.test, cor, cov, D, fivenum, IQR, median, prop.test,
-##     quantile, sd, t.test, var
-## 
-## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
-## 
-##     max, mean, min, prod, range, sample, sum
-
F <- antiD(200 - q ~ q)
-F
-
## function (q, C = 0) 
-## 200 * q - 1/2 * q^2 + C
-
F(200) - F(20)
-
## [1] 16200
-

Same result.

-
    -
  1. What is an efficient fee for the park?
    2. -
-

If we are dealing with total social costs, then:

-

Congestion costs + trip cost = q - 80

-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-segments(80,0,200,120)
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-

Set marginal benefit equal to marginal costs to solve for optimal values

-

200 - q = q - 80
2q = 280
q* = 140
MB* = 60

-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-segments(80,0,200,120)
-points(140,60, pch=16)
-segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
-segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-

$60 is the optimal cost, but $20 of that is the trip cost, so the fee imposed by the facility would be $40.

-
    -
  1. How many visits would we see with the efficient fee?
    2. -
-

140

-
    -
  1. After a fee is imposed: -
      -
    1. What is the consumer surplus?
      2. -
    2. -
-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-segments(80,0,200,120)
-points(140,60, pch=16)
-segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
-segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
-xcord <- c(0,140,0)
-ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
-polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
-text(45,100, "Consumer surplus (with fee)")
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-
1/2*140*140
-
## [1] 9800
-
F(200) - F(60)
-
## [1] 9800
-

$9,800

-
b.  What is the government revenue?
-

Government revenue is the portion of the original consumer surplus that now goes toward the fee.

-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-points(140,60, pch=16)
-segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
-segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
-xcord <- c(0,140,0)
-ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
-polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
-text(40, 100, "Consumer surplus")
-xcord2 <- c(0,140,140,0)
-ycord2 <- c(60,60,20,20)
-polygon(xcord2, ycord2, col="light blue")
-segments(80,0,200,120)
-text(50, 40, "Government revenue")
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-
40*140
-
## [1] 5600
-

Price $40 * visitors 140 = $5,600

-
c.  What is the deadweight loss that has been avoided?
-

The deadweight loss is the lost efficiency due to imposition of the fee. Graphically, it is the triangle below and left of the demand curve, to the right of the supply (variable costs) curve, and above the fixed cost line.

-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-points(140,60, pch=16)
-segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
-segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
-xcord <- c(0,140,0)
-ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
-polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
-text(40, 100, "Consumer surplus")
-xcord2 <- c(0,140,140,0)
-ycord2 <- c(60,60,20,20)
-polygon(xcord2, ycord2, col="light blue")
-segments(80,0,200,120)
-text(50, 40, "Government revenue")
-segments(180,20,180,100, lty="dotted")
-xcord3 <- c(180,180,140) 
-ycord3 <- c(20,100,60)
-polygon(xcord3, ycord3, col="darkslategray4")
-text(160, 60, "Loss")
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-
1/2*(180-140)*(100-20)
-
## [1] 1600
-
F(180) - F(140)
-
## [1] 1600
-

$1,600

-

In the absence of a fee, visitors in the “Loss” area do not enjoy any surplus (benefit) due to congestion.

-
d.    What are the avoided congestion costs?
-

Congestion costs would be visits after the optimal point of 140, up to the trip cost optimum of 180, bounded by the optimal prices of $60 and $20.

-
plot(MB, 0, 200, ylim=c(4,200), xlim=c(8,200), xlab=("Trips to the park"), ylab="Benefit ($ cost)")
-abline(h=20, lty="dashed")
-points(140,60, pch=16)
-segments(140,0,140,60, lty="dotted")
-segments(0,60,140,60, lty="dotted")
-xcord <- c(0,140,0)
-ycord <- c(60, 60, 200)
-polygon(xcord,ycord,col="gray")
-text(40, 100, "Consumer surplus")
-xcord2 <- c(0,140,140,0)
-ycord2 <- c(60,60,20,20)
-polygon(xcord2, ycord2, col="light blue")
-segments(80,0,200,120)
-text(50, 40, "Government revenue")
-segments(180,20,180,100, lty="dotted")
-xcord3 <- c(180,180,140) 
-ycord3 <- c(20,100,60)
-polygon(xcord3, ycord3, col="darkslategray4")
-text(160, 60, "Loss")
-xcord4 <- c(140,180,140) 
-ycord4 <- c(60,20,20)
-polygon(xcord4, ycord4, col="mediumorchid")
-text(151, 30, "Costs")
-

-
dev.off()
-
## null device 
-##           1
-
1/2*(180-140)*(60-20)
-
## [1] 800
-

$800 in congestion costs from $140-$180 below the demand curve, plus $1,600 from the deadweight loss ($140-$180 above the demand curve). So $2,400 in congestion costs are avoided.

-
    -
  1. What are the net benefits from imposing a fee?
    2. -
-

Without fee:

-

Benefit: Consumer surplus $16,200

-

Cost: Congestion $3,200

-

Net benefit: $13,000

-

With fee:

-

Benefit: Consumer surplus $9,800
Government revenue $5,600

-

Costs: Congestion $800

-

Net benefit $14,600

-

The net benefit of imposing a fee is $14,600 - $13,000 = $1,600

-

This is the same as the deadweight loss that was avoided by imposing a fee

- - -
- - - - - - - - From f0aaa43613806cc0662e0794c796a04e6e6f677a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dkillian Date: Sat, 11 Apr 2015 02:21:05 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 100/173] Update repres.md --- repres.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 1ce2f7fa..20e340dd 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) - [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) -- [Benefit-cost analysis of a park user fee](https://github.com/dkillian/dkillian.github.io) +- [Benefit-cost analysis of a park user fee](https://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/72135_dc45211d976842c2a9a8c8b5f2472ff0.html) ## Comprehensive Notes From d8db89117a7787ebbbe0675c026dfb830616b9e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aratinga Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2015 09:39:02 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 101/173] Update curated.md Temporary location for a file referenced in Toolbox. Ron Meir has given permission. --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 5bad81ff..017d64f3 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Reproducible Research - [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) +- [Boosting Slides by Ron Meir] (https://github.com/Aratinga/Misc/blob/master/BoostingTutorial.pdf) ### Textbooks - [OpenIntro textbook](https://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php) From d29df74c7977da2474798633aeda4ef9bb37b8f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Mon, 13 Apr 2015 13:07:23 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 102/173] fixed link --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 017d64f3..5c500b8e 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Reproducible Research - [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) -- [Boosting Slides by Ron Meir] (https://github.com/Aratinga/Misc/blob/master/BoostingTutorial.pdf) +- [Boosting Slides by Ron Meir](https://github.com/Aratinga/Misc/blob/master/BoostingTutorial.pdf) ### Textbooks - [OpenIntro textbook](https://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php) From 0437d0ecafec49cada4c1d392b99e75ff3ed60c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xiaoning Wang Date: Thu, 23 Apr 2015 15:37:55 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 103/173] Add link to Probability and Statistics Cookbook --- statinf.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index c5a85435..cb79fbb6 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) - [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) +- [Probability and Statistics Cookbook](http://matthias.vallentin.net/probability-and-statistics-cookbook/) ## Comprehensive Notes From eee4951f32f6d501782cddab899ebd8d88e6c3cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 10:14:20 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 104/173] modified statinf --- curated.md | 3 +++ statinf.md | 1 - 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 5c500b8e..b44a0662 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [The Lubridate Package](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) - [Google Developers R Programming Video Lectures](http://www.r-bloggers.com/google-developers-r-programming-video-lectures/) +### Probability and Statistics + +- [Probability and Statistics Cookbook](http://matthias.vallentin.net/probability-and-statistics-cookbook/) ### GitHub diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index cb79fbb6..c5a85435 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) - [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) -- [Probability and Statistics Cookbook](http://matthias.vallentin.net/probability-and-statistics-cookbook/) ## Comprehensive Notes From 96a2637e8006bbd73ff3a69903437f37281e72ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Edgar S. Hurtado" Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2015 19:11:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 105/173] add link to post about how to use bash commands --- toolbox.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index 67cb050f..92d89f02 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ ## Command Line +- [Working with files in Bash](http://edgarsh.es/ins/working-with-files-in-bash/) + ## Git/GitHub - [Git & GitHub Video Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5-da3qGB5IBLMp7LtN8Nc3Efd4hJq0kD) (also available for [download](https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0BxRfg0msVmAoRlZFQjJ3T3VTOUE&usp=sharing) as mp4 files) From 130e725f94838f003ca9330b84e18763a3e5c8f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniele Pigni Date: Sun, 26 Apr 2015 15:38:48 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 106/173] Tutorial for those struggling with PA2 --- rprog.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 398aeb3e..360ddc35 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) - [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) +- [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 2](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA2-clarifying_instructions) - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) @@ -21,4 +22,4 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Comprehensive Notes -- Complete notes for [R Programming](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file +- Complete notes for [R Programming](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) From 71e6a91f9b9e44b3b0a43e816778fcc30cce8605 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniele Pigni Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2015 02:53:17 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 107/173] Tutorial for those struggling with PA3 I have made a quick tutorial with simplified functions to manage small data frame that should give insights on how to manage bigger datas like the hospital csv --- rprog.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 360ddc35..8539101e 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Programming Assignments - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) -- [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 2](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA2-clarifying_instructions) +- [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA3-tutorial) +- [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) From bf755514654a3ec03fa92d98d0618aafe2c2ae70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: elmerehbi Date: Thu, 30 Apr 2015 01:53:03 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 108/173] added awesome lists for R & ML --- curated.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index b44a0662..87df403f 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Try R](http://tryr.codeschool.com/) - [The Lubridate Package](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) - [Google Developers R Programming Video Lectures](http://www.r-bloggers.com/google-developers-r-programming-video-lectures/) +- [awesome R](https://github.com/qinwf/awesome-R) - A curated list of awesome R frameworks, packages and software. +- [awesome machine learning](https://github.com/josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning#r) - A curated list of awesome Machine Learning frameworks, libraries and software. ### Probability and Statistics From 8ed4584d5e6956e2f3caedb1ee954eb09300681b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aratinga Date: Sun, 3 May 2015 18:45:48 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 109/173] Additions to Curated page --- curated.md | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 017d64f3..b5c895c7 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Diving Into Data Science Flipboard](https://flipboard.com/@thiakx/diving-into-data-science-5823ectuy) - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) - [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) +- [Verzani: simpleR – Using R for Introductory Statistics](http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Verzani-SimpleR.pdf/) +- [Data Visualization packages](http://www.datavis.ca/R/) +- [Visualization hints: plotting numeric data by groups](http://www.r-bloggers.com/visualization-series-insight-from-cleveland-and-tufte-on-plotting-numeric-data-by-groups/) +- [Matrix rotation for image and contour plots in R](http://blog.snap.uaf.edu/2012/06/08/matrix-rotation-for-image-and-contour-plots-in-r/) +- [Fig Data: 11 Tips on How to Handle Big Data in R (and 1 Bad Pun)](http://theodi.org/blog/fig-data-11-tips-how-handle-big-data-r-and-1-bad-pun) +- [Data from 538](https://github.com/fivethirtyeight/data) ### Command Line @@ -19,8 +25,19 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### R - [Try R](http://tryr.codeschool.com/) +- [The R Book by Michael J. Crawley](https://archive.org/details/TheRBook/) +- [Univ. of Calif. Riverside R Programming](http://manuals.bioinformatics.ucr.edu/home/programming-in-r#TOC-R-Basics) +- [G. Sanchez - Strings in R](http://gastonsanchez.com/Handling_and_Processing_Strings_in_R.pdf) - [The Lubridate Package](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/paper) - [Google Developers R Programming Video Lectures](http://www.r-bloggers.com/google-developers-r-programming-video-lectures/) +- [Google's R Style Guide](https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/Rguide.xml) +- [Tufte-style HTML in rmarkdown](http://sachsmc.github.io/tufterhandout/) +- [Creating an R Package](http://hilaryparker.com/2014/04/29/writing-an-r-package-from-scratch/) +- [Beautiful ggplot2 Cheatsheet](http://zevross.com/blog/2014/08/04/beautiful-plotting-in-r-a-ggplot2-cheatsheet-3/) +- [Intro to Graphics](http://bcb.dfci.harvard.edu/~aedin/courses/Bioconductor/2.Plotting.pdf) +- [data.table cheat sheet](https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/img/blog/data+table+cheat+sheet.pdf) +- [Exploratory Data Analysis with data.table](http://varianceexplained.org/RData/lessons/lesson4/) +- [Fast summary statistics in R with data.table](http://blog.yhathq.com/posts/fast-summary-statistics-with-data-dot-table.html) ### GitHub @@ -31,10 +48,14 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [GitHub - Dealing with Multiple Accounts](http://hmkcode.com/git-tutorial/how-to-deal-with-multiple-github-accounts-on-one-computer/) - [Try Git](https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1) - [Learn Git Branching: Interactive Game](http://pcottle.github.com/learnGitBranching/) +- [Atlassian Git Tutorials - Branches](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/using-branches/) ### Reproducible Research - [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) - [Boosting Slides by Ron Meir] (https://github.com/Aratinga/Misc/blob/master/BoostingTutorial.pdf) +- +### Machine Learning +- [UC Irvine Machine Learning Data Repository](http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/) ### Textbooks - [OpenIntro textbook](https://www.openintro.org/stat/textbook.php) From 2145f688de8593a151dbde612d1c3a8f1218dc14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aratinga Date: Sun, 3 May 2015 18:48:01 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 110/173] Fixed one line --- curated.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index b5c895c7..be2bd4f6 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Reproducible Research - [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) -- [Boosting Slides by Ron Meir] (https://github.com/Aratinga/Misc/blob/master/BoostingTutorial.pdf) -- +- [Boosting Slides by Ron Meir](https://github.com/Aratinga/Misc/blob/master/BoostingTutorial.pdf) + ### Machine Learning - [UC Irvine Machine Learning Data Repository](http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/) From fe6a2805cba19710bb4541ee63757ee32d8e2113 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rchampoux Date: Tue, 12 May 2015 10:54:15 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 111/173] Added link to rprog.md for alternative submit script --- rprog.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 8539101e..42e19df4 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA3-tutorial) - [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) +- [Alternative submit script for Programming Assignment 1 that makes submitting more convenient by allowing selection of multiple parts plus prompting if user wants to submit another part before exiting](https://github.com/rchampoux/coursera/blob/master/rprog-scripts-submitscript1.R) ## R Language From f11116aadb95676287aee90896d5746c82ffa834 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Randall Shane Date: Fri, 22 May 2015 13:52:47 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 112/173] RPub NOAA Data This is an RPub I posted that uses current NOAA data and goes through a rigorous exercise enforcing data integrity. --- repres.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 20e340dd..5fc1ac8e 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Turning a RPubs document into a Github website walkthrough](https://github.com/thoughtfulbloke/appleorange) - [Introduction to knitr with rmarkdown](https://sachsmc.github.io/knit-git-markr-guide/knitr/knit.html) - [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) -- [Benefit-cost analysis of a park user fee](https://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/72135_dc45211d976842c2a9a8c8b5f2472ff0.html) +- [Benefit-cost analysis of a park user fee](https://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/72135_dc45211d976842c2a9a8c8b5f2472ff0.html) +- [Data Lake Integrity](http://rpubs.com/rshane/81297) ## Comprehensive Notes From 7d983f1b068470470ec8e2ee9aed2fead85309cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Piyush Agarwal Date: Tue, 2 Jun 2015 13:48:51 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 113/173] Updated eda.md to add new link Added link to blog post showing how to use data analysis with Twitter API and Python --- eda.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index 7bcf339c..4a0708ec 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ title: Exploratory Data Analysis permalink: /eda/ --- - [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) - - [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) - [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) +- [Data Analysis using Twitter API and Python](http://blog.impiyush.me/2015/03/data-analysis-using-twitter-api-and.html) ## Comprehensive Notes From f0d6621e4d2377572e2cc4d5a18c57f64a660006 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Isvaldo Fernandes de Souza Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2015 14:45:38 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 114/173] Update curated.md Add way to save R files online, it's nice to shared R files --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index b0ac4dc1..0af7b922 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [data.table cheat sheet](https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/img/blog/data+table+cheat+sheet.pdf) - [Exploratory Data Analysis with data.table](http://varianceexplained.org/RData/lessons/lesson4/) - [Fast summary statistics in R with data.table](http://blog.yhathq.com/posts/fast-summary-statistics-with-data-dot-table.html) - +- [R online in r-fiddle.org] (http://www.r-fiddle.org/) ### Probability and Statistics - [Probability and Statistics Cookbook](http://matthias.vallentin.net/probability-and-statistics-cookbook/) From b3a1862c40660c67c8cce0d2891f49b82504978f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Isvaldo Fernandes de Souza Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2015 14:54:42 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 115/173] Update curated.md fixed space --- curated.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 0af7b922..e475b315 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [data.table cheat sheet](https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/img/blog/data+table+cheat+sheet.pdf) - [Exploratory Data Analysis with data.table](http://varianceexplained.org/RData/lessons/lesson4/) - [Fast summary statistics in R with data.table](http://blog.yhathq.com/posts/fast-summary-statistics-with-data-dot-table.html) -- [R online in r-fiddle.org] (http://www.r-fiddle.org/) +- [R online in r-fiddle.org](http://www.r-fiddle.org/) + ### Probability and Statistics - [Probability and Statistics Cookbook](http://matthias.vallentin.net/probability-and-statistics-cookbook/) From 0f69e8be5d07a3b18c25cf2ac6a5d252de74d380 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2015 14:31:25 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 116/173] clean up eda --- eda.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index 4a0708ec..8e179acb 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ layout: page title: Exploratory Data Analysis permalink: /eda/ --- + - [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) - [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) - [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) From 54dc7a80ba6ec59f8948f331def5859d3b76e655 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: larspijnappel Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2015 15:56:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 117/173] Update curated.md Removed the last slash (after the pdf) from the Verzani link. It caused an 404 error. --- curated.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index e475b315..7b9db863 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Diving Into Data Science Flipboard](https://flipboard.com/@thiakx/diving-into-data-science-5823ectuy) - [OLAP Operation in R](http://architects.dzone.com/articles/olap-operation-r) - [Journal of Statistical Software: Tidy data](http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/paper) -- [Verzani: simpleR – Using R for Introductory Statistics](http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Verzani-SimpleR.pdf/) +- [Verzani: simpleR – Using R for Introductory Statistics](http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Verzani-SimpleR.pdf) - [Data Visualization packages](http://www.datavis.ca/R/) - [Visualization hints: plotting numeric data by groups](http://www.r-bloggers.com/visualization-series-insight-from-cleveland-and-tufte-on-plotting-numeric-data-by-groups/) - [Matrix rotation for image and contour plots in R](http://blog.snap.uaf.edu/2012/06/08/matrix-rotation-for-image-and-contour-plots-in-r/) From e8ae917490bad0d4ce6fe6d66bd5f7d918537344 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Homer White Date: Thu, 9 Jul 2015 14:00:35 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 118/173] add link to Shiny simulation tutorial The Tutorial is an interactive R Markdown document, currently hosted on shinyapps.io. It aims to take the reader step-by-step through the construction of a reasonably full-featured simulation app that lets statistics students explore, through simulation, the coverage properties of the classical t-intervals for a population mean. After completing the tutorial the reader will be able to write his/her own simulation apps---hopefully having been spared some of the struggle that I went through when I first learned Shiny in the Spring of 2014. --- ddp.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index a517b609..45a56d9c 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) +- [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](http://homer.shinyapps.io/sim_tutorial_Rmd) ## Comprehensive Notes From ca0fa60117b85ddb8fa7818e1520c5261ca7d3f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Mateusz=20So=C5=82tysik?= Date: Sat, 11 Jul 2015 09:17:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 119/173] Update toolbox.md --- toolbox.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index f8e06208..559d1ad6 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ ## Command Line - [Working with files in Bash](http://edgarsh.es/ins/working-with-files-in-bash/) +- [Mastering the command line, in one page](https://github.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line/blob/master/README.md) ## Git/GitHub @@ -17,4 +18,5 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ - [Github Repo Tutorial How to fork a repo, download it to your local drive and commit changes ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY94AIplcaU) ## Comprehensive Notes -- Complete notes for [The Data Scientist's Toolbox](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file + +- Complete notes for [The Data Scientist's Toolbox](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) From ca48b7e7bb6c13d61fbf35f6fc8a7987bd31dc02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Mon, 13 Jul 2015 13:57:01 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 120/173] added CL to curated --- curated.md | 1 + toolbox.md | 1 - 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 7b9db863..779fb08a 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [explainshell.com - match command-line arguments to their help text](http://explainshell.com/) - [The Command Line Crash Course - Quick course in using the command line](http://cli.learncodethehardway.org/book/) +- [Mastering the command line, in one page](https://github.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line/blob/master/README.md) ### R diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index 559d1ad6..ed0755ac 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ ## Command Line - [Working with files in Bash](http://edgarsh.es/ins/working-with-files-in-bash/) -- [Mastering the command line, in one page](https://github.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line/blob/master/README.md) ## Git/GitHub From b62cea84e44c263bae49fc5a0e579bf776770e54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gustavo Paterno Date: Thu, 6 Aug 2015 10:14:09 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 121/173] add link to Hadley online book: R Packages http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz/ --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 779fb08a..33ff6ca7 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Google's R Style Guide](https://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/Rguide.xml) - [Tufte-style HTML in rmarkdown](http://sachsmc.github.io/tufterhandout/) - [Creating an R Package](http://hilaryparker.com/2014/04/29/writing-an-r-package-from-scratch/) +- [R Packages (Hadley online book)](http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz/) - How to write your own R packages. - [Beautiful ggplot2 Cheatsheet](http://zevross.com/blog/2014/08/04/beautiful-plotting-in-r-a-ggplot2-cheatsheet-3/) - [Intro to Graphics](http://bcb.dfci.harvard.edu/~aedin/courses/Bioconductor/2.Plotting.pdf) - [data.table cheat sheet](https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.datacamp.com/img/blog/data+table+cheat+sheet.pdf) From 03187ea66d90c78cf304049b46a941eae61cba66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: James Elford Date: Sun, 9 Aug 2015 16:51:02 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 122/173] Remove add from Other Resources page Data Science Appliance is an add website; it redirects through doubleclick.net --- other.md | 4 +--- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 76f94205..a36f6c2f 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ permalink: /other/ ## Pre-built virtual machines for R development. - [Here's a pre-built lightweight Linux machine with R and RStudio already installed](https://github.com/queirozfcom/r-box). You just need to install [vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html), download (or clone) the github repository and you'll get a clean ubuntu machine with the tools you'll need for the assignments. -- [Data Science Appliance](http://datascienceappliance.com/) - A perfectly provisioned virtual machine for data scientists. - - [Data Science Toolbox](http://datasciencetoolbox.org/) - A virtual environment that allows you to start doing data science in a matter of minutes. -- [Virtual machine with RStudio server and github setup](https://github.com/tboloo/vagrant-rstudio) - A VirtualBox, Vagrant & chef-solo managed virtual machine which provides RStudio server with git & github setup \ No newline at end of file +- [Virtual machine with RStudio server and github setup](https://github.com/tboloo/vagrant-rstudio) - A VirtualBox, Vagrant & chef-solo managed virtual machine which provides RStudio server with git & github setup From 3e1ae39937f8d6efd45e9168617df9a81cccd084 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sean Kross Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2015 13:21:27 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 123/173] Update ddp.md --- ddp.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 45a56d9c..a233f129 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) -- [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](http://homer.shinyapps.io/sim_tutorial_Rmd) +- [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](https://github.com/homerhanumat/shinyTutorials) ## Comprehensive Notes From 8bc14a8be11236de4dae2ae5ec242e55a8fc338a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Flavio Barros Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2015 11:21:48 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 124/173] Update other.md Showing how to dockerize Shiny Apps and share it on your own server or on docker hub. --- other.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index a36f6c2f..738a8dd8 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ permalink: /other/ - [gitignore template for R](https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/R.gitignore) (source:[gitignore](https://github.com/github/gitignore)) - [Github Help - Using Git / Ignoring files](https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/) +### Deploying and sharing Shiny Apps with Docker +- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) +- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) +- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) + ## Troubleshooting - [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) From 1243a0a544e275fa46e1c7741327e866cc2a78e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Flavio Barros Date: Mon, 24 Aug 2015 11:24:14 -0300 Subject: [PATCH 125/173] Update other.md Add content about ways of sharing and deploying Shiny Apps. --- other.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 738a8dd8..2bdd10ee 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -16,11 +16,6 @@ permalink: /other/ - [gitignore template for R](https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/R.gitignore) (source:[gitignore](https://github.com/github/gitignore)) - [Github Help - Using Git / Ignoring files](https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/) -### Deploying and sharing Shiny Apps with Docker -- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) -- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) -- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) - ## Troubleshooting - [Windows batch file to work around RStudio startup issues](https://github.com/stepds/contrib-DataScienceSpecialization/blob/master/README.md) @@ -30,3 +25,8 @@ permalink: /other/ - [Data Science Toolbox](http://datasciencetoolbox.org/) - A virtual environment that allows you to start doing data science in a matter of minutes. - [Virtual machine with RStudio server and github setup](https://github.com/tboloo/vagrant-rstudio) - A VirtualBox, Vagrant & chef-solo managed virtual machine which provides RStudio server with git & github setup + +## Deploying and sharing Shiny Apps with Docker +- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) +- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) +- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) From 2c99cc60ec996509a56bb4f71bf5640cf4b03c9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: seankross Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2015 10:11:42 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 126/173] moved from other the ddp --- ddp.md | 5 +++++ other.md | 5 ----- 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index a233f129..bf9419f0 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -6,9 +6,14 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [Slidify to Github walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/25103) - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) + +## Shiny - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) - [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](https://github.com/homerhanumat/shinyTutorials) +- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) +- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) +- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) ## Comprehensive Notes diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 2bdd10ee..a36f6c2f 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -25,8 +25,3 @@ permalink: /other/ - [Data Science Toolbox](http://datasciencetoolbox.org/) - A virtual environment that allows you to start doing data science in a matter of minutes. - [Virtual machine with RStudio server and github setup](https://github.com/tboloo/vagrant-rstudio) - A VirtualBox, Vagrant & chef-solo managed virtual machine which provides RStudio server with git & github setup - -## Deploying and sharing Shiny Apps with Docker -- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) -- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) -- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) From 89e112d3ac15b093db86434d5b1f4e12f3aa554f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lgreski Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2015 23:04:04 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 127/173] Added link to 'real world example' reading ACS 2000 PUMS data. --- getclean.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 2cf61f5b..72efa8c8 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Query string (and other fields-within-fields) unrolling](http://rpubs.com/schnee/32988) - [Pre-processing Excel files before loading them into R](https://github.com/alkashef/cleaningexceldata) - [Codebook template that can be used in the Getting and Cleaning Data project](https://gist.github.com/JorisSchut/dbc1fc0402f28cad9b41) +- ["Real world" example - reading American Community Survey 2000 PUMS Data:](https://github.com/lgreski/acsexample) Demonstrates how to extract records of a given type from a data file containing multiple record types, and how to use an Excel-based code book to specify arguments for reading a fixed-width file. ## Comprehensive Notes From 7a38b36d24bfae3b1483508f7f22b341058c34c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: thoughtfulbloke Date: Wed, 9 Sep 2015 14:13:49 +1200 Subject: [PATCH 128/173] Added David Hood advice for the course --- getclean.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 72efa8c8..e2b8ce28 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Pre-processing Excel files before loading them into R](https://github.com/alkashef/cleaningexceldata) - [Codebook template that can be used in the Getting and Cleaning Data project](https://gist.github.com/JorisSchut/dbc1fc0402f28cad9b41) - ["Real world" example - reading American Community Survey 2000 PUMS Data:](https://github.com/lgreski/acsexample) Demonstrates how to extract records of a given type from a data file containing multiple record types, and how to use an Excel-based code book to specify arguments for reading a fixed-width file. +- [18 Months of CTA advice](https://thoughtfulbloke.wordpress.com/2015/08/31/hello-world) ## Comprehensive Notes From 8465fb8edc2ae558886ff4232ead341c14aa5fb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sean Kross Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2015 21:08:23 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 129/173] Update ddp.md --- ddp.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index bf9419f0..951724af 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) - [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](https://github.com/homerhanumat/shinyTutorials) -- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) +- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.rmining.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) - [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) - [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) From 816edbe647bee4b3d0346591574cc1ba900afeff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Carsten=20J=C3=B8rgensen?= Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2015 12:06:02 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 130/173] Added link to http://reproducibleresearch.net/ This website contains lots of useful material about reproducible research. --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 33ff6ca7..613c5f4e 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ ### Reproducible Research - [Markdown live demo](http://markdown-here.com/livedemo.html) - [Boosting Slides by Ron Meir](https://github.com/Aratinga/Misc/blob/master/BoostingTutorial.pdf) +- [Reproducible Research website](http://reproducibleresearch.net/) ### Machine Learning - [UC Irvine Machine Learning Data Repository](http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/) From cf21437e3c8541dd7363ca5f02ff3ac6a435049d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Mon, 30 Nov 2015 18:30:23 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 131/173] Added an article containing step by step instructions for using Github Pages with RStudio for the PML project. --- pml.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index be4defc3..f2cac02d 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -25,3 +25,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Comprehensive Notes - Complete notes for [Practical Machine Learning](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) + +## Configuring Github Pages with RStudio for PML Project + +- Step by step instructions to [Configure Github Pages with RStudio](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/pml-ghPagesSetup.md) to support the PML course project. From 21b4c2dd22c15474a49392dfae3d555cf086fb29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Tue, 1 Dec 2015 16:48:27 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 132/173] Added links for Configuring RStudio to work with Git / Github, Mac and Windows versions, plus Using Editor Modes in Coursera Discussion Forums. --- toolbox.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/toolbox.md b/toolbox.md index ed0755ac..3c2dfc68 100644 --- a/toolbox.md +++ b/toolbox.md @@ -15,7 +15,12 @@ permalink: /toolbox/ - [Understanding the Relationship Between Git and GitHub](http://www.dataschool.io/github-is-just-dropbox-for-git/) - [Simple Guide to GitHub Forks](http://www.dataschool.io/simple-guide-to-forks-in-github-and-git/) - [Github Repo Tutorial How to fork a repo, download it to your local drive and commit changes ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY94AIplcaU) +- [Configuring RStudio to work with Git / Github - Mac OSX](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/configureRStudioGitOSXVersion.md) +- [Configuring RStudio to work with Git / Github - Windows](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/configureRStudioGitWindowsVersion.md) ## Comprehensive Notes - Complete notes for [The Data Scientist's Toolbox](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) + +## Miscellaneous +- [Using Editor Modes in Coursera Discussion Forum Posts](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/usingMarkdownInForumPosts.md) From 37ae85a7b3092bcd9d417d1ce82dd69accbcf9ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Wed, 2 Dec 2015 09:51:37 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 133/173] Added articles written to support students in R Programming -- strategy for coding the assignments, grading the SHA-1 has code, Data frame as a list, and 3 articles discussing R and commercial stats packages. --- rprog.md | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 42e19df4..85162862 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -6,22 +6,31 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## Programming Assignments +- [Strategy for Coding the Programming Assignments](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/makeItRun.md) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 2](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA2-clarifying_instructions) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA3-tutorial) - [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) - [Alternative submit script for Programming Assignment 1 that makes submitting more convenient by allowing selection of multiple parts plus prompting if user wants to submit another part before exiting](https://github.com/rchampoux/coursera/blob/master/rprog-scripts-submitscript1.R) +- [Grading the SHA-1 Hash Code](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-gradeSHA1hash.md) ## R Language - [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) +- [A Data Frame is Also a List](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/dataFrameAsList.md) ## R language cheatsheet - [R cheatsheet covering all lectures](https://github.com/startupjing/Tech_Notes/blob/master/R/R_language.md) +## R and Commercial Statistics Packages + +- [Commercial Statistics Packages: An Historical Perspective](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statsPackagesHistory.md) +- [Why is R More Difficult than SAS?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/whyIsRHarderThanSAS.md) +- [SAS Experience: impediment to learning R?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/exampleSortRvsSAS.md) + ## Comprehensive Notes - Complete notes for [R Programming](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) From 5d1cf2b335f14cfda25cd40429d18f9af8d4f127 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sean Kross Date: Sat, 12 Dec 2015 02:11:50 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 134/173] Update index.md --- index.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.md b/index.md index 6c035e70..5cc7be2f 100644 --- a/index.md +++ b/index.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ layout: page ## Table of Contents -This is site is meant to serve as a directory for the amazing content the +This site is meant to serve as a directory for the amazing content the community has created around the Data Science Specialization. If you are interested in contributing [click here](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecialization/DataScienceSpecialization.github.io#contributing). From be0a48ab6b0aadb403eaff3ee52308868d170280 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Leonard Greski Date: Thu, 24 Dec 2015 21:02:10 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 135/173] Added two links: makeCacheMatrix as an Object, and S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping. --- rprog.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 85162862..f94ac309 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -14,12 +14,15 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) - [Alternative submit script for Programming Assignment 1 that makes submitting more convenient by allowing selection of multiple parts plus prompting if user wants to submit another part before exiting](https://github.com/rchampoux/coursera/blob/master/rprog-scripts-submitscript1.R) - [Grading the SHA-1 Hash Code](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-gradeSHA1hash.md) +- [Assignment 2: makeCacheMatrix as an Object](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprogAssignment2Prototype.md) ## R Language - [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) - [A Data Frame is Also a List](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/dataFrameAsList.md) +- [S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-lexicalScoping.md) + ## R language cheatsheet From 0f621d08873493244d46654e19a2dc4f4566bdc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Flavio Barros Date: Sun, 27 Dec 2015 20:26:25 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 136/173] Update ddp.md As I moved some post from www.flaviobarros.net to www.rmining.net I'm updating the file. --- ddp.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 951724af..6a467ab5 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) - [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](https://github.com/homerhanumat/shinyTutorials) - [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.rmining.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) -- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) -- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) +- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.rmining.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) +- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.rmining.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) ## Comprehensive Notes From 608e561d3934fde6645c746701c8b4e72b247552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Flavio Barros Date: Sun, 27 Dec 2015 20:29:01 -0700 Subject: [PATCH 137/173] Update other.md As I moved my domain from www.flaviobarros.net to www.rmining.net I'm updating the links. --- other.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index 2bdd10ee..d01d490f 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ permalink: /other/ - [Virtual machine with RStudio server and github setup](https://github.com/tboloo/vagrant-rstudio) - A VirtualBox, Vagrant & chef-solo managed virtual machine which provides RStudio server with git & github setup ## Deploying and sharing Shiny Apps with Docker -- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) -- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) -- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.flaviobarros.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) +- [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.rmining.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) +- [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.rmining.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) +- [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.rmining.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) From 2035298f25186b4f0f5285a453f0cc016c0f3e37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Leonard Greski Date: Sun, 3 Jan 2016 15:49:59 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 138/173] Add link for Improving Runtime Performance of caret::train() article. --- pml.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index f2cac02d..0628ebb8 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -29,3 +29,7 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Configuring Github Pages with RStudio for PML Project - Step by step instructions to [Configure Github Pages with RStudio](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/pml-ghPagesSetup.md) to support the PML course project. + +## Improving Runtime Performance of Caret + +- Step by step instructions to [implement parallel processing in caret::train()](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/pml-randomForestPerformance.md) on a random forest model, along with runtime performance analysis for a variety of laptops, ranging from an Intel Atom-based tablet to a quad-core i7 processor. From 55d85379df353ece4855ca669caecab6582cbea8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 9 Jan 2016 06:51:04 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 139/173] Add two articles: Common Mistakes / overwriting R functions with data objects, and Thinking in R versus Thinking in SAS. --- rprog.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index f94ac309..0f3554f8 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) - [A Data Frame is Also a List](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/dataFrameAsList.md) - [S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-lexicalScoping.md) +- [Common R Mistakes: Overwriting Functions with Data Objects](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-overwritingRFunctions.md) ## R language cheatsheet @@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [Commercial Statistics Packages: An Historical Perspective](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statsPackagesHistory.md) - [Why is R More Difficult than SAS?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/whyIsRHarderThanSAS.md) - [SAS Experience: impediment to learning R?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/exampleSortRvsSAS.md) +- [Thinking in R versus Thinking in SAS](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/exampleSortRvsSAS.md) ## Comprehensive Notes From 814f6ad0d8d98d6b024b3ecf7779d28ef4a90296 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 9 Jan 2016 07:02:59 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 140/173] Add five articles related to statinf class. --- statinf.md | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index c5a85435..ca1cb346 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) - [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) +- [Exponential Distribution / Central Limit Theorem - Assignment Checklist](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-expDistChecklist.md) +- [ToothGrowth Analysis - Assignment Checklist](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/ToothGrowthChecklist.md) +- [Exploratory Data Analysis in ToothGrowth Assignment](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/edaInToothGrowthAnalysis.md), explaining the exploratory data analysis requirement for students who have not taken the *Exploratory Data Analysis* course prior to taking *Statistical Inference*. +- [Using MathJax with Discussion Forums, R Markdown, and Github Pages](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/mathjaxWithGithubMarkdown.md) +- [Kable Tables with Data Frames](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/kableDataFrameTable.md) illustrates how to display a custom table in a `knitr()` document by creating a data frame to contain the information to be rendered with `kable()`. ## Comprehensive Notes From 3417573bec53a9b872573ec63bb2463677a877ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 9 Jan 2016 07:05:21 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 141/173] Add article on configuring shinyapps.io application timeout. --- ddp.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 6a467ab5..3240b3b3 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [Dockerize a Shiny App](http://www.rmining.net/2015/04/30/dockerizing-a-shiny-app/) - [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.rmining.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) - [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.rmining.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) +- [Shinyapps.io: Configuring Application Timeout](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/dataProd-shinyTimeoutConfig.md) ## Comprehensive Notes From 1a9c230c7346005f4e8e8d21ed95355d3c5b14a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Adamson Date: Mon, 18 Jan 2016 00:03:22 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 142/173] add link to ProjectTemplate blog post --- repres.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/repres.md b/repres.md index 5fc1ac8e..cba776f9 100644 --- a/repres.md +++ b/repres.md @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ permalink: /repres/ - [Trends and severity of Data Breaches](http://rpubs.com/ww44ss/29389) - [Benefit-cost analysis of a park user fee](https://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/72135_dc45211d976842c2a9a8c8b5f2472ff0.html) - [Data Lake Integrity](http://rpubs.com/rshane/81297) +- [ProjectTemplate in RStudio with Git](http://padamson.github.io/r/rstudio/projecttemplate/git/2016/01/17/projecttemplate-in-rstudio-with-git.html) ## Comprehensive Notes From f5c7e090c97645c681071b950997bddc7aa89f17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aaron McAdie Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2016 13:11:10 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 143/173] added link to interactive CI repo --- statinf.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index c5a85435..1cc82800 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) - [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) - +-[Interactive Confidence Interval Visualization](https://github.com/amcadie/interactive_CI) ## Comprehensive Notes - Complete notes for [Statistical Inference](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) From 1eb1be9adece106f162b3816161a2b83158090af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aaron McAdie Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2016 13:15:04 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 144/173] fixed line break --- statinf.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index 1cc82800..bee6381e 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) - [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) --[Interactive Confidence Interval Visualization](https://github.com/amcadie/interactive_CI) +- [Interactive Confidence Interval Visualization](https://github.com/amcadie/interactive_CI) + ## Comprehensive Notes - Complete notes for [Statistical Inference](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) From 6f08d7b5a2b2535dd7831e03fd3d0de2b841e952 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Leonard Greski Date: Sun, 24 Apr 2016 17:43:20 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 145/173] Added Len Greski to list of community contributors. --- about.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/about.md b/about.md index 27bf2391..aa0af257 100644 --- a/about.md +++ b/about.md @@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ The [Data Science Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specialization/jhudat - [Kevin Markham](http://www.dataschool.io/) - Derek Franks - David Hood +- [Leonard Greski](https://github.com/lgreski) - Michael Sachs - Allan Inocêncio de Souza Costa - [stepds](https://github.com/stepds) - Bastiaan Quast -- [Xing Su](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) \ No newline at end of file +- [Xing Su](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) From e1da253e0a82b8a507129deadfb23e28eb007e36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Leonard Greski Date: Sun, 24 Apr 2016 22:37:01 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 146/173] Added link to MiKTeX install walkthrough on Windows 10. --- statinf.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index ca1cb346..051fb7ed 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Exploratory Data Analysis in ToothGrowth Assignment](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/edaInToothGrowthAnalysis.md), explaining the exploratory data analysis requirement for students who have not taken the *Exploratory Data Analysis* course prior to taking *Statistical Inference*. - [Using MathJax with Discussion Forums, R Markdown, and Github Pages](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/mathjaxWithGithubMarkdown.md) - [Kable Tables with Data Frames](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/kableDataFrameTable.md) illustrates how to display a custom table in a `knitr()` document by creating a data frame to contain the information to be rendered with `kable()`. +- [Installing MiKTeK on Windows 10 / Generate a PDF from knitr](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-generatePDF.md) ## Comprehensive Notes From d6132aba9f57d175e29a8c032cab97775410566e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Leonard Greski Date: Sat, 7 May 2016 11:58:12 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 147/173] Add article describing "optimal" sample size relative to power calculations. --- statinf.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index ac5c9e9f..1157c59f 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Kable Tables with Data Frames](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/kableDataFrameTable.md) illustrates how to display a custom table in a `knitr()` document by creating a data frame to contain the information to be rendered with `kable()`. - [Interactive Confidence Interval Visualization](https://github.com/amcadie/interactive_CI) - [Installing MiKTeK on Windows 10 / Generate a PDF from knitr](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-generatePDF.md) +- [Power calculations: optimal szmple size](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-optimalSampleSize.md) ## Comprehensive Notes From 925de9276c17799264d54cd3a97b975fe0e4f068 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Leonard Greski Date: Sun, 15 May 2016 19:02:27 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 148/173] Add R Onboarding for SAS Users --- rprog.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 0f3554f8..524517cd 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## R and Commercial Statistics Packages +- [R Onboarding for SAS Users](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-onboardingForSASUsers.md) Provides an overview and links to a variety of resources to help people with SAS experience make the transition to R - [Commercial Statistics Packages: An Historical Perspective](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statsPackagesHistory.md) - [Why is R More Difficult than SAS?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/whyIsRHarderThanSAS.md) - [SAS Experience: impediment to learning R?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/exampleSortRvsSAS.md) From bf50b365586f7a5ffd02527fb97fe0096f0ded76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lgreski Date: Sun, 29 May 2016 22:47:21 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 149/173] Add article on forms of the Extract Operator --- rprog.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 524517cd..a5ee9afb 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [A Data Frame is Also a List](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/dataFrameAsList.md) - [S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-lexicalScoping.md) - [Common R Mistakes: Overwriting Functions with Data Objects](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-overwritingRFunctions.md) +- [Forms of the Extract Operator](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-extractOperator.md) ## R language cheatsheet From 0223ab1b46adac26e2ddb1a75171efd9dfb17a4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lgreski Date: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 20:21:14 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 150/173] Added article explaining use of binomial theorem in Combining Predictors lecture. --- pml.md | 6 ++++-- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/pml.md b/pml.md index 0628ebb8..1054002d 100644 --- a/pml.md +++ b/pml.md @@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ permalink: /pml/ - [Comparing Supervised Learning Algorithms](http://www.dataschool.io/comparing-supervised-learning-algorithms/): Comparing 8 common supervised learning algorithms (for regression and classification) on 13 different dimensions. -## Comprehensive Notes +## Content Related to the Lectures - Complete notes for [Practical Machine Learning](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) +- [Week 4: Combining Predictors -- Math Explained](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/pml-combiningPredictorsBinomial.md) ## Configuring Github Pages with RStudio for PML Project @@ -32,4 +33,5 @@ permalink: /pml/ ## Improving Runtime Performance of Caret -- Step by step instructions to [implement parallel processing in caret::train()](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/pml-randomForestPerformance.md) on a random forest model, along with runtime performance analysis for a variety of laptops, ranging from an Intel Atom-based tablet to a quad-core i7 processor. +- Step by step instructions to [implement parallel processing in caret::train()](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/pml-randomForestPerformance.md) on a random forest model, along with runtime performance analysis for a variety of laptops, ranging from an Intel Atom-based tablet to a quad-core i7 processor. + From 318b3c1217755fc2ecfde5aeec8fb78f24486432 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lgreski Date: Fri, 17 Jun 2016 21:14:16 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 151/173] add 2 articles: breaking down pollutantmean, and a SAS version of pollutantmean? --- rprog.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index a5ee9afb..80e56ac4 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [Strategy for Coding the Programming Assignments](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/makeItRun.md) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) +- [Breaking Down pollutantmean](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-discussPollutantmean.md) +- [A SAS Version of pollutantmean?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-pollutantmeanSASVersion.md) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 2](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA2-clarifying_instructions) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA3-tutorial) - [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) From ea32fb68c6c13fb67e43fbf17f5ade4ec7d30d26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrew Voshchevoz Date: Mon, 20 Jun 2016 18:02:45 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 152/173] Updated other.md Updated other.md to include link on HTTP/HTTPS proxy configuration guide --- other.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/other.md b/other.md index d01d490f..ddb49135 100644 --- a/other.md +++ b/other.md @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ permalink: /other/ - [Installing Some Basic R Packages in Ubuntu; Ibrahim El Merehbi](http://elmerehbi.wordpress.com/2014/09/09/installing-some-basic-r-packages-in-ubuntu) - [Using Projects in RStudio](https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200526207-Using-Projects) - [Using Version Control with RStudio](https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200532077-Version-Control-with-Git-and-SVN) +- [Using R behind HTTP/HTTPS Proxy](https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200488488-Configuring-R-to-Use-an-HTTP-or-HTTPS-Proxy) ### Ignoring R & RStudio files - [gitignore template for R](https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/R.gitignore) (source:[gitignore](https://github.com/github/gitignore)) From 4a18de5fe20a16fefe10bbd0eeb8bb11d051de85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lgreski Date: Mon, 4 Jul 2016 08:22:49 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 153/173] Add article on permutation tests. --- statinf.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index 1157c59f..5ea0baa6 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ - [Interactive Confidence Interval Visualization](https://github.com/amcadie/interactive_CI) - [Installing MiKTeK on Windows 10 / Generate a PDF from knitr](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-generatePDF.md) - [Power calculations: optimal szmple size](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-optimalSampleSize.md) +- [Permutation Tests Explained](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-permutationTests.md) ## Comprehensive Notes From 53c1f9e8d26f96da4e4013cfb41fe314a538457a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lgreski Date: Tue, 9 Aug 2016 22:53:58 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 154/173] Add url for Demystifying makeVector() article. --- rprog.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 80e56ac4..35e8e0d8 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) - [Alternative submit script for Programming Assignment 1 that makes submitting more convenient by allowing selection of multiple parts plus prompting if user wants to submit another part before exiting](https://github.com/rchampoux/coursera/blob/master/rprog-scripts-submitscript1.R) - [Grading the SHA-1 Hash Code](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-gradeSHA1hash.md) +- [Assignment 2: Demystifying makeVector](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-breakingDownMakeVector.md) - [Assignment 2: makeCacheMatrix as an Object](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprogAssignment2Prototype.md) From 3c73cb4bc7762bf84e99826c7ebc333b425e9ca1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: lgreski Date: Sun, 21 Aug 2016 08:54:23 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 155/173] Add article illustrating how to use R to download lecture videos. --- rprog.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 35e8e0d8..2f6e17fe 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ permalink: /rprog/ - [S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-lexicalScoping.md) - [Common R Mistakes: Overwriting Functions with Data Objects](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-overwritingRFunctions.md) - [Forms of the Extract Operator](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-extractOperator.md) +- [Creative Use of R: Downloading Course Lectures](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-downloadingLectures.md) Article illustrating how to use R to automate the download of lectures from *Data Science Specialization* courses, such as *R Programming*. Techniques used in this article are helpful to make research reproducible, as required for courses like *Getting and Cleaning Data* and *Reproducible Research*. ## R language cheatsheet From 9308f293a2707f726afc86b288513ba3f5b5f95f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Devinsuit Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2016 14:13:58 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 156/173] Update broken link #126 --- eda.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index 8e179acb..a6c52b13 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ permalink: /eda/ - [Creating a Kite Graph](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/kitegraph) - [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) - [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) -- [Data Analysis using Twitter API and Python](http://blog.impiyush.me/2015/03/data-analysis-using-twitter-api-and.html) +- [Data Analysis using Twitter API and Python](http://blog.impiyush.com/2015/03/data-analysis-using-twitter-api-and.html) ## Comprehensive Notes From 9cbaa239486ac3ca856a6019da246278d0515284 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 7 Jan 2017 20:53:29 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 157/173] Added a "getting started" section, added DSS value proposition article, and converted URLs to bit.ly versions. --- rprog.md | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 2f6e17fe..219011cb 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -1,33 +1,39 @@ --- -layout: page -title: R Programming +title: "R Programming" permalink: /rprog/ +layout: page --- +## Getting Started +- [Resources for R Programming](http://bit.ly/2dhZ8Dy) +- [References for R Programming](http://bit.ly/2b8AxhF) +- [Data Science Specialization Value Proposition](http://bit.ly/2j3EcCn) +- [R Onboarding for SAS Users](http://bit.ly/2dr7yum) + ## Programming Assignments -- [Strategy for Coding the Programming Assignments](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/makeItRun.md) +- [Strategy for Coding the Programming Assignments](http://bit.ly/2ddFh9A) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) -- [Breaking Down pollutantmean](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-discussPollutantmean.md) -- [A SAS Version of pollutantmean?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-pollutantmeanSASVersion.md) +- [Breaking Down pollutantmean](http://bit.ly/2cHyiCl) +- [A SAS Version of pollutantmean?](http://bit.ly/2d3DR4e) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 2](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA2-clarifying_instructions) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA3-tutorial) - [PA1-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa1test) - [PA3-test: `testthat`, Unit Tests for Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/cbryant1000/pa3test) - [Alternative submit script for Programming Assignment 1 that makes submitting more convenient by allowing selection of multiple parts plus prompting if user wants to submit another part before exiting](https://github.com/rchampoux/coursera/blob/master/rprog-scripts-submitscript1.R) -- [Grading the SHA-1 Hash Code](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-gradeSHA1hash.md) -- [Assignment 2: Demystifying makeVector](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-breakingDownMakeVector.md) -- [Assignment 2: makeCacheMatrix as an Object](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprogAssignment2Prototype.md) +- [Grading the SHA-1 Hash Code](http://bit.ly/2iUWoB6) +- [Assignment 2: Demystifying makeVector](http://bit.ly/2bTXXfq) +- [Assignment 2: makeCacheMatrix as an Object](http://bit.ly/2byUe4e) ## R Language - [Some notes on the R Language](http://lopezrj.github.io) -- [A Data Frame is Also a List](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/dataFrameAsList.md) -- [S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-lexicalScoping.md) -- [Common R Mistakes: Overwriting Functions with Data Objects](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-overwritingRFunctions.md) -- [Forms of the Extract Operator](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-extractOperator.md) -- [Creative Use of R: Downloading Course Lectures](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-downloadingLectures.md) Article illustrating how to use R to automate the download of lectures from *Data Science Specialization* courses, such as *R Programming*. Techniques used in this article are helpful to make research reproducible, as required for courses like *Getting and Cleaning Data* and *Reproducible Research*. +- [A Data Frame is Also a List](http://bit.ly/2fmMRAp) +- [S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping](http://bit.ly/2dtOSXi) +- [Common R Mistakes: Overwriting Functions with Data Objects](http://bit.ly/2i3gmoA) +- [Forms of the Extract Operator](http://bit.ly/2bzLYTL) +- [Creative Use of R: Downloading Course Lectures](http://bit.ly/2bGlI7R) Article illustrating how to use R to automate the download of lectures from *Data Science Specialization* courses, such as *R Programming*. Techniques used in this article are helpful to make research reproducible, as required for courses like *Getting and Cleaning Data* and *Reproducible Research*. ## R language cheatsheet @@ -36,11 +42,10 @@ permalink: /rprog/ ## R and Commercial Statistics Packages -- [R Onboarding for SAS Users](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/rprog-onboardingForSASUsers.md) Provides an overview and links to a variety of resources to help people with SAS experience make the transition to R -- [Commercial Statistics Packages: An Historical Perspective](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statsPackagesHistory.md) -- [Why is R More Difficult than SAS?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/whyIsRHarderThanSAS.md) -- [SAS Experience: impediment to learning R?](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/exampleSortRvsSAS.md) -- [Thinking in R versus Thinking in SAS](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/exampleSortRvsSAS.md) +- [R Onboarding for SAS Users](http://bit.ly/2dr7yum) Provides an overview and links to a variety of resources to help people with SAS experience make the transition to R +- [Commercial Statistics Packages: An Historical Perspective](http://bit.ly/2fPj2qN) +- [Why is R More Difficult than SAS?](http://bit.ly/2erxk3A) +- [Thinking in R versus Thinking in SAS](http://bit.ly/2cH3u8x) ## Comprehensive Notes From 39a027e6006717b7574b749b7e14c606f34c3e8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: MMohey Date: Tue, 18 Apr 2017 16:27:10 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 158/173] Fixed broken link --- ddp.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 3240b3b3..895309ef 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ --- - [Slidify to Github walkthrough](http://rpubs.com/thoughtfulbloke/25103) -- [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides/) +- [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides) ## Shiny - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) From 5db3cfda2d08498b482817dc3ec1dcbffbb9f5db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 20 May 2017 04:52:49 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 159/173] Add articles related to R programming course --- rprog.md | 7 ++++++- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/rprog.md b/rprog.md index 219011cb..47df54d1 100644 --- a/rprog.md +++ b/rprog.md @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ layout: page - [Strategy for Coding the Programming Assignments](http://bit.ly/2ddFh9A) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 1](https://github.com/derekfranks/practice_assignment) - [Breaking Down pollutantmean](http://bit.ly/2cHyiCl) +- [Assignment 1: A More Elegant Solution](http://bit.ly/2kwBBlK) - [A SAS Version of pollutantmean?](http://bit.ly/2d3DR4e) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 2](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA2-clarifying_instructions) - [Tutorial for those struggling with Programming Assignment 3](https://github.com/DanieleP/PA3-tutorial) @@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ layout: page - [Alternative submit script for Programming Assignment 1 that makes submitting more convenient by allowing selection of multiple parts plus prompting if user wants to submit another part before exiting](https://github.com/rchampoux/coursera/blob/master/rprog-scripts-submitscript1.R) - [Grading the SHA-1 Hash Code](http://bit.ly/2iUWoB6) - [Assignment 2: Demystifying makeVector](http://bit.ly/2bTXXfq) -- [Assignment 2: makeCacheMatrix as an Object](http://bit.ly/2byUe4e) +- [Assignment 2: makeCacheMatrix as an Object](http://bit.ly/2byUe4e) ## R Language @@ -33,7 +34,11 @@ layout: page - [S Objects, R Objects, and Lexical Scoping](http://bit.ly/2dtOSXi) - [Common R Mistakes: Overwriting Functions with Data Objects](http://bit.ly/2i3gmoA) - [Forms of the Extract Operator](http://bit.ly/2bzLYTL) +- [Functions to Sort Data Frames](http://bit.ly/2dxItzw) - [Creative Use of R: Downloading Course Lectures](http://bit.ly/2bGlI7R) Article illustrating how to use R to automate the download of lectures from *Data Science Specialization* courses, such as *R Programming*. Techniques used in this article are helpful to make research reproducible, as required for courses like *Getting and Cleaning Data* and *Reproducible Research*. +- [Lexical Scoping and Statistical Computing](http://bit.ly/2cmqAPy) Article by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland describing how lexical scoping works, and why it is valuable in statistical computing. +- [Data Science Job Report 2017: R Passes SAS, But Python Leaves Them Both Behind](http://bit.ly/2oCHulX) Bob Muenchen's take on the job market for various data science langauges. + ## R language cheatsheet From 497330b024ebfe0bb89c9df644bd5f64a6ff7505 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 20 May 2017 04:58:05 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 160/173] add articles --- getclean.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index e2b8ce28..6076632d 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Codebook template that can be used in the Getting and Cleaning Data project](https://gist.github.com/JorisSchut/dbc1fc0402f28cad9b41) - ["Real world" example - reading American Community Survey 2000 PUMS Data:](https://github.com/lgreski/acsexample) Demonstrates how to extract records of a given type from a data file containing multiple record types, and how to use an Excel-based code book to specify arguments for reading a fixed-width file. - [18 Months of CTA advice](https://thoughtfulbloke.wordpress.com/2015/08/31/hello-world) +- [Common Problems: Quiz 1 - Missing Java Runtime](http://bit.ly/2jjtyXM) Explains how to solve the problem of a missing Java Runtime for the question that requires students to process a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. +- [Strategy for Reading Files & APIs / Quiz 2](http://bit.ly/2e4L5oF) +- [Common Problems: Quiz 2 - sqldf() driver fails to connect](http://bit.ly/2kD2KTY) +- [Tutorial: Downloading Files](http://bit.ly/2iP2suj) Illustrates various ways of downloading files, including binary and text files. ## Comprehensive Notes From 51c9e7672e32aa689e9ca29412699bc8ca857e0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 20 May 2017 05:06:20 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 161/173] Add capstone page to index, and content for capstone page --- .gitignore | 1 + index.md | 1 + 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 058dd6c2..d17e5544 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ _site .DS_Store .Rhistory +.Rproj.user diff --git a/index.md b/index.md index 5cc7be2f..761f3e41 100644 --- a/index.md +++ b/index.md @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ interested in contributing [click here](https://github.com/DataScienceSpecializa 7. [Regression Models](/regmod/) 8. [Practical Machine Learning](/pml/) 9. [Developing Data Products](/ddp/) +10. [Capstone](/capstone/) - [Other Resources](/other/) - [Curated Pages](/curated/) From 4dc95e6f4d52284a801b37f2e2eda1fddb73c163 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aaron Date: Tue, 23 May 2017 10:38:39 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 162/173] Added shiny choropleth app code available at https://github.com/amsilvr/shiny_choropleth --- ddp.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 895309ef..0d39e861 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides) ## Shiny +- [Shiny app using leaflet to create a choropleth of all Wireless Emergency Alerts sent through PBS WARN](https://silverman.shinyapps.io/warn_wea/) - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) - [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](https://github.com/homerhanumat/shinyTutorials) From 452a58760df645fc2898a47e75107c67d79ad2c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aaron Date: Tue, 23 May 2017 13:25:26 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 163/173] Update ddp.md --- ddp.md | 4 +++- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index 0d39e861..c1a411fc 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [ggvis and rmarkdown slides with interactive plots](http://qua.st/ggvis-shiny-html5-slides) ## Shiny -- [Shiny app using leaflet to create a choropleth of all Wireless Emergency Alerts sent through PBS WARN](https://silverman.shinyapps.io/warn_wea/) +- Choropleth of PBS WARN Distribution of Wireless Emergency Alerts + - [Code for Shiny App](https://github.com/amsilvr/shiny_choropleth) + - [App running on shinyapps.ip](https://silverman.shinyapps.io/warn_wea/) - [Shiny app to simulate 401K growth with interactive plots](http://www.mephistosoftware.com/shiny/401k_simulator/) - [Shiny Video Tutorials Playlist on Youtube](http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6wLL_RojB5xNOhe2OTSd-DPkMLVY9DfB) - [Tutorial on writing Shiny simulation apps](https://github.com/homerhanumat/shinyTutorials) From 4cd7fc39364e92437e6833b0c97ffe3885ac283f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Tue, 23 May 2017 19:18:31 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 164/173] Add capstone page. --- capstone.md | 12 ++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+) create mode 100644 capstone.md diff --git a/capstone.md b/capstone.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..57792306 --- /dev/null +++ b/capstone.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +--- +title: "Capstone" +permalink: /capstone/ +layout: page +--- +## Reference Material + +- [Speech and Language Processing, 3rd Edition](https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/) Working version of Jurafsky, et. al. book on natural language processing whose content on n-grams is helpful for the capstone. + +## Course Project + +- [n-gram Computations and Computer Capacity](http://bit.ly/2couvxh) Explains the amount of memory required to convert the text files for the course project into n-grams, using the quanteda package. From cf0e2fe24800c5e32e3944b891b4ee1449aca4dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 27 May 2017 07:44:44 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 165/173] Add articles to capstone page --- capstone.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/capstone.md b/capstone.md index 57792306..6285e422 100644 --- a/capstone.md +++ b/capstone.md @@ -10,3 +10,5 @@ layout: page ## Course Project - [n-gram Computations and Computer Capacity](http://bit.ly/2couvxh) Explains the amount of memory required to convert the text files for the course project into n-grams, using the quanteda package. +- [Capstone Strategy](http://bit.ly/2rGcgc6) Describes a general strategy to get through the Capstone: use the simplest approaches possible. +- [Choosing a Text Analysis Package](http://bit.ly/2qagsPa) Reviews pros and cons of various R packages used for natural language processing, in the context of requirements for the Capstone project. From ff0aaf40ed3fc52b005ad5ed8379038eff6df746 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 5 Aug 2017 08:53:26 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 166/173] Add article explaining why one cannot calculate the area under a specific point on the normal curve. --- statinf.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index 5ea0baa6..a96df6cb 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ --- - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) +[CONCEPTS: Calculating Area for a Point on the Normal Curve](http://bit.ly/2hw5AMF) Reviews the mathematics that explain why one cannot calculate the exact proability for a specific value within a distribution for a continuous variable, and illustrates how to calculate a quantile for a point on the curve. - [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) - [Exponential Distribution / Central Limit Theorem - Assignment Checklist](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-expDistChecklist.md) - [ToothGrowth Analysis - Assignment Checklist](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/ToothGrowthChecklist.md) From eb0e0249711dad0980532d357524f5759da26da7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Len Greski Date: Sat, 19 Aug 2017 16:20:29 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 167/173] Add missing dash in bullet list --- statinf.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/statinf.md b/statinf.md index a96df6cb..19592a27 100644 --- a/statinf.md +++ b/statinf.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /statinf/ --- - [Why degrees of freedom decrease for sample variance](https://github.com/Manu58/bias/blob/master/bias.pdf) -[CONCEPTS: Calculating Area for a Point on the Normal Curve](http://bit.ly/2hw5AMF) Reviews the mathematics that explain why one cannot calculate the exact proability for a specific value within a distribution for a continuous variable, and illustrates how to calculate a quantile for a point on the curve. +- [CONCEPTS: Calculating Area for a Point on the Normal Curve](http://bit.ly/2hw5AMF) Reviews the mathematics that explain why one cannot calculate the exact proability for a specific value within a distribution for a continuous variable, and illustrates how to calculate a quantile for a point on the curve. - [Analysis of exponential distribution of births data set from the CDC](https://gist.github.com/ProgramErgoSum/5316008387746fcd84de) - [Exponential Distribution / Central Limit Theorem - Assignment Checklist](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/statinf-expDistChecklist.md) - [ToothGrowth Analysis - Assignment Checklist](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/ToothGrowthChecklist.md) From 253d6157bcc02966a0c533cb442c3acff33486e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DocOfi Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2018 13:18:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 168/173] added link to my pdf file --- getclean.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/getclean.md b/getclean.md index 6076632d..deeccc56 100644 --- a/getclean.md +++ b/getclean.md @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ permalink: /getclean/ - [Strategy for Reading Files & APIs / Quiz 2](http://bit.ly/2e4L5oF) - [Common Problems: Quiz 2 - sqldf() driver fails to connect](http://bit.ly/2kD2KTY) - [Tutorial: Downloading Files](http://bit.ly/2iP2suj) Illustrates various ways of downloading files, including binary and text files. +- [Creating dataframes from xml data](https://www.dropbox.com/s/7bbzzp4bwsmfl5y/CreatingDataframesfrom%20XmlFiles.odt?dl=0) ## Comprehensive Notes From 5549c1459adcd6bad1d7d81456e09956c0ca2095 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DocOfi Date: Sun, 21 Jan 2018 13:31:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 169/173] Added a link to my presentation in Rpubs --- eda.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index a6c52b13..8c14e435 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ permalink: /eda/ - [Analyzing Top/Green500 Supercomputer Technology Trends](http://github.com/ww44ss/Exascalar-Analysis-) - [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) - [Data Analysis using Twitter API and Python](http://blog.impiyush.com/2015/03/data-analysis-using-twitter-api-and.html) +- [Exploratory Data Analysis using Flexdashboard](http://rpubs.com/DocOfi/350830) ## Comprehensive Notes From 5a351e34a3068ca320b5759217ff45a9adacb5bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DocOfi Date: Sat, 27 Jan 2018 12:47:56 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 170/173] added name and link in about.md --- about.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/about.md b/about.md index aa0af257..37ecc9da 100644 --- a/about.md +++ b/about.md @@ -25,3 +25,4 @@ The [Data Science Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specialization/jhudat - [stepds](https://github.com/stepds) - Bastiaan Quast - [Xing Su](http://sux13.github.io/DataScienceSpCourseNotes/) +- [Edmund julian Ofilada](https://github.com/DocOfi) From 64aba82b1ebef0cd07d241c83d8cede63f41f617 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DocOfi Date: Sat, 27 Jan 2018 12:49:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 171/173] added link to metricsgraphics tutorial --- eda.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/eda.md b/eda.md index 8c14e435..1f56ac70 100644 --- a/eda.md +++ b/eda.md @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ permalink: /eda/ - [Emissions Choropleth Maps](https://github.com/BillSeliger/ExData_Plotting2) - [Data Analysis using Twitter API and Python](http://blog.impiyush.com/2015/03/data-analysis-using-twitter-api-and.html) - [Exploratory Data Analysis using Flexdashboard](http://rpubs.com/DocOfi/350830) +- [Plotting using Metricsgraphics](http://www.rpubs.com/DocOfi/352947) ## Comprehensive Notes From 3a05c60dd2a70f1466b48ec6f0ee07655416fcb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DocOfi Date: Fri, 23 Mar 2018 15:03:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 172/173] adding a leaflet plot example --- ddp.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/ddp.md b/ddp.md index c1a411fc..0af67104 100644 --- a/ddp.md +++ b/ddp.md @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ permalink: /ddp/ - [Git pushing Shiny Apps with Docker/Dokku](http://www.rmining.net/2015/05/11/git-pushing-shiny-apps-with-docker-dokku/) - [Share your Shiny Apps with Docker and Kitematic](http://www.rmining.net/2015/08/10/share-your-shiny-apps-with-docker-and-kitematic/) - [Shinyapps.io: Configuring Application Timeout](https://github.com/lgreski/datasciencectacontent/blob/master/markdown/dataProd-shinyTimeoutConfig.md) +- [Plotting Natural Disasters](http://www.rpubs.com/DocOfi/367052) ## Comprehensive Notes From c5413d29c8932f488923632477dc76ec40c400d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Adhira <37569680+Adhira-Deogade@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2019 01:56:01 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 173/173] Update curated.md Added medium website for ipython notebook --- curated.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/curated.md b/curated.md index 613c5f4e..8c806fd8 100644 --- a/curated.md +++ b/curated.md @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ permalink: /curated/ - [Matrix rotation for image and contour plots in R](http://blog.snap.uaf.edu/2012/06/08/matrix-rotation-for-image-and-contour-plots-in-r/) - [Fig Data: 11 Tips on How to Handle Big Data in R (and 1 Bad Pun)](http://theodi.org/blog/fig-data-11-tips-how-handle-big-data-r-and-1-bad-pun) - [Data from 538](https://github.com/fivethirtyeight/data) +- [Getting started with python notebook](https://medium.com/@adhira_deo/the-environment-for-building-machine-learning-models-a1552116b355) ### Command Line
- - - - -
-

DSS Community Site

-

Since the beginning of the Data Science Specialization we’ve noticed the unbelievable passion students have about our courses and the generosity they show toward each other on the course forums. A couple students have created quality content around the subjects we discuss, and many of these materials are so good we feel that they should be shared with all of our students. This site is meant to serve as a central directory for community created content.

-
-

Contributing

-

If you’ve created a web page, video, sideshow, or any other kind of media you think should be shared through this directory you should:

-
    -
  1. Fork this repository.
    2. -
  2. Add a link to your content on the appropriate course page.
    3. -
  3. Commit your changes.
    4. -
  4. Submit a pull request.
    5. -
-

We’ve created a sample pull request to show you what we would like to see in a pull request. If we think your creation is well made, informative, and adds something new to this repository of content then we’ll merge your request and add you to our list of contributors. If you happen to notice any inaccuracies or idiosyncrasies on this site or in this site’s content, please let us know by opening an issue.

-

If you are not the author of the content you are submitting you are welcome to add your link to the Curated Knowledge page. We’ve created this page specifically so that you can share data science resources that you’ve found useful.

-

Otherwise if you are the author of the content you’re submitting you should ask yourself the following questions:

-
    -
  1. Does my contribution teach?
    2. -
  2. Does the content of my contribution clearly address topics in the Data Science Specialization?
    3. -
  3. Could my contribution be seamlessly integrated into the canonical course materials?
    4. -
-

If you’re on the fence about any of these, err on the side of sending a pull request!

-
-
- - -