diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index eb5d70dd6be8..d08332a108cc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - Support using CSS variables as arbitrary values without `var(…)` by using parentheses instead of square brackets (e.g. `bg-(--my-color)`) ([#15020](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15020))
 - Add new `in-*` variant ([#15025](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15025))
 - Allow `addUtilities()` and `addComponents()` to work with child combinators and other complex selectors ([#15029](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15029))
+- Support colors that use `<alpha-value>` in JS configs and plugins ([#15033](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15033))
 - _Upgrade (experimental)_: Migrate `[&>*]` to the `*` variant ([#15022](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15022))
 - _Upgrade (experimental)_: Migrate `[&_*]` to the `**` variant ([#15022](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15022))
 - _Upgrade (experimental)_: Warn when trying to migrating a project that is not on Tailwind CSS v3 ([#15015](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15015))
+- _Upgrade (experimental)_: Migrate colors that use `<alpha-value>` in JS configs ([#15033](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15033))
 
 ### Fixed
 
diff --git a/integrations/upgrade/js-config.test.ts b/integrations/upgrade/js-config.test.ts
index 85c0150dc485..e0173bcf367c 100644
--- a/integrations/upgrade/js-config.test.ts
+++ b/integrations/upgrade/js-config.test.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ test(
                 400: '#f87171',
                 500: 'red',
               },
+              steel: 'rgb(70 130 180 / <alpha-value>)',
+              smoke: 'rgba(245, 245, 245, var(--smoke-alpha, <alpha-value>))',
             },
             fontSize: {
               xs: ['0.75rem', { lineHeight: '1rem' }],
@@ -175,6 +177,9 @@ test(
         --color-red-500: #ef4444;
         --color-red-600: #dc2626;
 
+        --color-steel: rgb(70 130 180);
+        --color-smoke: rgba(245, 245, 245, var(--smoke-alpha, 1));
+
         --text-*: initial;
         --text-xs: 0.75rem;
         --text-xs--line-height: 1rem;
diff --git a/packages/@tailwindcss-upgrade/src/migrate-js-config.ts b/packages/@tailwindcss-upgrade/src/migrate-js-config.ts
index e17bf9601c75..a31cd9ce5fc1 100644
--- a/packages/@tailwindcss-upgrade/src/migrate-js-config.ts
+++ b/packages/@tailwindcss-upgrade/src/migrate-js-config.ts
@@ -115,6 +115,16 @@ async function migrateTheme(
       continue
     }
 
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+      // This is more advanced than the version in core as ideally something
+      // like `rgba(0 0 0 / <alpha-value>)` becomes `rgba(0 0 0)`. Since we know
+      // from the `/` that it's used in an alpha channel and we can remove it.
+      //
+      // In other cases we may not know exactly how its used, so we'll just
+      // replace it with `1` like core does.
+      value = value.replace(/\s*\/\s*<alpha-value>/, '').replace(/<alpha-value>/, '1')
+    }
+
     if (key[0] === 'keyframes') {
       continue
     }
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/apply-config-to-theme.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/apply-config-to-theme.ts
index 64f8d0c210b3..0bdfdb242342 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/apply-config-to-theme.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/apply-config-to-theme.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ export function applyConfigToTheme(
       continue
     }
 
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+      value = value.replace(/<alpha-value>/g, '1')
+    }
+
     let name = keyPathToCssProperty(path)
     if (!name) continue
 
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts
index a74e6cdc7c3f..51b1d9732132 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.test.ts
@@ -299,6 +299,93 @@ describe('theme', async () => {
       "
     `)
   })
+
+  test('plugin theme colors can use <alpha-value>', async () => {
+    let input = css`
+      @tailwind utilities;
+      @theme {
+        /* This should not work */
+        --color-custom-css: rgba(255 0 0 / <alpha-value>);
+      }
+      @plugin "my-plugin";
+    `
+
+    let compiler = await compile(input, {
+      loadModule: async (id, base) => {
+        return {
+          base,
+          module: plugin(
+            function ({ addUtilities, theme }) {
+              addUtilities({
+                '.css-percentage': {
+                  color: theme('colors.custom-css / 50%'),
+                },
+                '.css-fraction': {
+                  color: theme('colors.custom-css / 0.5'),
+                },
+                '.css-variable': {
+                  color: theme('colors.custom-css / var(--opacity)'),
+                },
+                '.js-percentage': {
+                  color: theme('colors.custom-js / 50%'),
+                },
+                '.js-fraction': {
+                  color: theme('colors.custom-js / 0.5'),
+                },
+                '.js-variable': {
+                  color: theme('colors.custom-js / var(--opacity)'),
+                },
+              })
+            },
+            {
+              theme: {
+                colors: {
+                  /* This should work */
+                  'custom-js': 'rgb(255 0 0 / <alpha-value>)',
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          ),
+        }
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(
+      compiler.build([
+        'bg-custom',
+        'css-percentage',
+        'css-fraction',
+        'css-variable',
+        'js-percentage',
+        'js-fraction',
+        'js-variable',
+      ]),
+    ).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      ".css-fraction {
+        color: color-mix(in oklch, rgba(255 0 0 / <alpha-value>) 50%, transparent);
+      }
+      .css-percentage {
+        color: color-mix(in oklch, rgba(255 0 0 / <alpha-value>) 50%, transparent);
+      }
+      .css-variable {
+        color: color-mix(in oklch, rgba(255 0 0 / <alpha-value>) var(--opacity), transparent);
+      }
+      .js-fraction {
+        color: color-mix(in oklch, rgb(255 0 0 / 1) 50%, transparent);
+      }
+      .js-percentage {
+        color: color-mix(in oklch, rgb(255 0 0 / 1) 50%, transparent);
+      }
+      .js-variable {
+        color: color-mix(in oklch, rgb(255 0 0 / 1) var(--opacity), transparent);
+      }
+      :root {
+        --color-custom-css: rgba(255 0 0 / <alpha-value>);
+      }
+      "
+    `)
+  })
+
   test('theme value functions are resolved correctly regardless of order', async () => {
     let input = css`
       @tailwind utilities;
diff --git a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts
index 5f8fc8843383..9e3917eaaf90 100644
--- a/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts
+++ b/packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-functions.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ export function createThemeFn(
 
       let configValue = resolveValue(get(configTheme() ?? {}, keypath) ?? null)
 
+      if (typeof configValue === 'string') {
+        configValue = configValue.replace('<alpha-value>', '1')
+      }
+
       // Resolved to a primitive value.
       if (typeof cssValue !== 'object') {
         if (typeof options !== 'object' && options & ThemeOptions.DEFAULT) {