diff --git a/TUnit.Assertions.Tests/Bugs/Tests3521.cs b/TUnit.Assertions.Tests/Bugs/Tests3521.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43d294ce9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/TUnit.Assertions.Tests/Bugs/Tests3521.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+namespace TUnit.Assertions.Tests.Bugs;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Tests for issue #3521: Assert.ThrowsAsync(Func&lt;Task&gt;) incorrectly passes when no exception is thrown
+/// </summary>
+public class Tests3521
+{
+    private static Task DoesNotThrow() => Task.CompletedTask;
+    private static void DoesNotThrowSync() { }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ThrowsAsync_WithMethodGroup_ShouldFailWhenNoExceptionThrown()
+    {
+        // This should fail because DoesNotThrow doesn't throw an exception
+        var exception = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<TUnitAssertionException>(
+            async () => await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync(DoesNotThrow));
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(exception.Message).Contains("but no exception was thrown");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ThrowsAsync_WithLambda_ShouldFailWhenNoExceptionThrown()
+    {
+        // This should fail because the lambda doesn't throw an exception
+        var exception = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<TUnitAssertionException>(
+            async () => await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync(() => DoesNotThrow()));
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(exception.Message).Contains("but no exception was thrown");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ThrowsAsync_WithAsyncLambda_ShouldFailWhenNoExceptionThrown()
+    {
+        // This should fail because the async lambda doesn't throw an exception
+        var exception = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<TUnitAssertionException>(
+            async () => await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync(async () => await DoesNotThrow()));
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(exception.Message).Contains("but no exception was thrown");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ThrowsAsync_Generic_WithMethodGroup_ShouldFailWhenNoExceptionThrown()
+    {
+        // Test the generic version with Exception type explicitly
+        var exception = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<TUnitAssertionException>(
+            async () => await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<Exception>(DoesNotThrow));
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(exception.Message).Contains("but no exception was thrown");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ThrowsAsync_Type_ShouldFailWhenNoExceptionThrown()
+    {
+        // Test the Type-based overload
+        var exception = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<TUnitAssertionException>(
+            async () => await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync(typeof(Exception), DoesNotThrow));
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(exception.Message).Contains("but no exception was thrown");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task Throws_Generic_ShouldFailWhenNoExceptionThrown()
+    {
+        // Test the synchronous version
+        var exception = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<TUnitAssertionException>(async () =>
+        {
+            TUnitAssert.Throws<Exception>(DoesNotThrowSync);
+            await Task.CompletedTask;
+        });
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(exception.Message).Contains("but no exception was thrown");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task Throws_Type_ShouldFailWhenNoExceptionThrown()
+    {
+        // Test the synchronous Type-based overload
+        var exception = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync<TUnitAssertionException>(async () =>
+        {
+            TUnitAssert.Throws(typeof(Exception), DoesNotThrowSync);
+            await Task.CompletedTask;
+        });
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(exception.Message).Contains("but no exception was thrown");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ThrowsAsync_ShouldStillWorkWhenExceptionIsThrown()
+    {
+        // Verify that ThrowsAsync still works correctly when an exception IS thrown
+        var thrownException = new InvalidOperationException("Test exception");
+
+        var caughtException = await TUnitAssert.ThrowsAsync(async () =>
+        {
+            await Task.Yield();
+            throw thrownException;
+        });
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(caughtException).IsSameReferenceAs(thrownException);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task Throws_ShouldStillWorkWhenExceptionIsThrown()
+    {
+        // Verify that Throws still works correctly when an exception IS thrown
+        var thrownException = new InvalidOperationException("Test exception");
+
+        var caughtException = TUnitAssert.Throws<Exception>(() => throw thrownException);
+
+        await TUnitAssert.That(caughtException).IsSameReferenceAs(thrownException);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/TUnit.Assertions/Conditions/ThrowsAssertion.cs b/TUnit.Assertions/Conditions/ThrowsAssertion.cs
index 17c39266f0..f18721e258 100644
--- a/TUnit.Assertions/Conditions/ThrowsAssertion.cs
+++ b/TUnit.Assertions/Conditions/ThrowsAssertion.cs
@@ -199,6 +199,30 @@ public ExceptionParameterNameAssertion<TException> WithParameterName(string expe
         Context.ExpressionBuilder.Append($".WithParameterName(\"{expectedParameterName}\")");
         return new ExceptionParameterNameAssertion<TException>(Context, expectedParameterName);
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds runtime Type-based exception checking for non-generic Throws scenarios.
+    /// Returns a specialized assertion that validates against the provided Type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public async Task<Exception?> WithExceptionType(Type expectedExceptionType)
+    {
+        if (!typeof(Exception).IsAssignableFrom(expectedExceptionType))
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException($"Type {expectedExceptionType.Name} must be an Exception type", nameof(expectedExceptionType));
+        }
+
+        // Await the current assertion to get the exception
+        await this;
+        var (exception, _) = await Context.GetAsync();
+
+        // Now validate it's the correct type
+        if (exception != null && !expectedExceptionType.IsInstanceOfType(exception))
+        {
+            throw new Exceptions.AssertionException($"Expected {expectedExceptionType.Name} but got {exception.GetType().Name}: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+
+        return exception;
+    }
 }
 
 /// <summary>
diff --git a/TUnit.Assertions/Extensions/Assert.cs b/TUnit.Assertions/Extensions/Assert.cs
index 6a39743dc2..6b9d5119fb 100644
--- a/TUnit.Assertions/Extensions/Assert.cs
+++ b/TUnit.Assertions/Extensions/Assert.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 using System.Collections;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using TUnit.Assertions.Conditions;
 using TUnit.Assertions.Exceptions;
 using TUnit.Assertions.Sources;
 
@@ -9,6 +11,7 @@ namespace TUnit.Assertions;
 /// Entry point for all assertions.
 /// Provides Assert.That() overloads for different source types.
 /// </summary>
+[SuppressMessage("Usage", "TUnitAssertions0002:Assert statement not awaited")]
 public static class Assert
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ public static TException Throws<TException>(Action action)
             action();
             throw new AssertionException($"Expected {typeof(TException).Name} but no exception was thrown");
         }
-        catch (TException ex)
+        catch (TException ex) when (ex is not AssertionException)
         {
             return ex;
         }
@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@ public static Exception Throws(Type exceptionType, Action action)
             action();
             throw new AssertionException($"Expected {exceptionType.Name} but no exception was thrown");
         }
-        catch (Exception ex) when (exceptionType.IsInstanceOfType(ex))
+        catch (Exception ex) when (exceptionType.IsInstanceOfType(ex) && ex is not AssertionException)
         {
             return ex;
         }
@@ -245,106 +248,57 @@ public static TException Throws<TException>(string parameterName, Action action)
     /// Asserts that the async action throws the specified exception type and returns the exception.
     /// Example: var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync&lt;InvalidOperationException&gt;(async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync());
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<TException> ThrowsAsync<TException>(Func<Task> action)
+    public static ThrowsAssertion<TException> ThrowsAsync<TException>(Func<Task> action)
         where TException : Exception
     {
-        try
-        {
-            await action();
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected {typeof(TException).Name} but no exception was thrown");
-        }
-        catch (TException ex)
-        {
-            return ex;
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected {typeof(TException).Name} but got {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
-        }
+        return That(action).Throws<TException>();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Asserts that the async action throws the specified exception type with the expected parameter name (for ArgumentException types) and returns the exception.
-    /// Example: var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync&lt;ArgumentNullException&gt;("paramName", async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync());
+    /// Asserts that the async action throws the specified exception type with the expected parameter name (for ArgumentException types).
+    /// Uses fluent API - chain .WithParameterName() for parameter validation.
+    /// Example: await Assert.ThrowsAsync&lt;ArgumentNullException&gt;("paramName", async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync());
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<TException> ThrowsAsync<TException>(string parameterName, Func<Task> action)
+    public static ExceptionParameterNameAssertion<TException> ThrowsAsync<TException>(string parameterName, Func<Task> action)
         where TException : ArgumentException
     {
-        var exception = await ThrowsAsync<TException>(action);
-        if (exception.ParamName != parameterName)
-        {
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected {typeof(TException).Name} with ParamName '{parameterName}' but got ParamName '{exception.ParamName}'");
-        }
-        return exception;
+        return That(action).Throws<TException>().WithParameterName(parameterName);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Asserts that the async action throws any exception (defaults to Exception).
     /// Example: var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync(async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync());
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<Exception> ThrowsAsync(Func<Task> action)
+    public static ThrowsAssertion<Exception> ThrowsAsync(Func<Task> action)
     {
-        return await ThrowsAsync<Exception>(action);
+        return That(action).Throws<Exception>();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Asserts that the Task throws any exception (defaults to Exception).
     /// Example: var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync(Task.FromException(new Exception()));
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<Exception> ThrowsAsync(Task task)
+    public static ThrowsAssertion<Exception> ThrowsAsync(Task task)
     {
-        try
-        {
-            await task;
-            throw new AssertionException("Expected an exception but none was thrown");
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex) when (ex is not AssertionException)
-        {
-            return ex;
-        }
+        return That(task).Throws<Exception>();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Asserts that the ValueTask throws any exception (defaults to Exception).
     /// Example: var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync(new ValueTask(Task.FromException(new Exception())));
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<Exception> ThrowsAsync(ValueTask task)
+    public static ThrowsAssertion<Exception> ThrowsAsync(ValueTask task)
     {
-        try
-        {
-            await task;
-            throw new AssertionException("Expected an exception but none was thrown");
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex) when (ex is not AssertionException)
-        {
-            return ex;
-        }
+        return That(task.AsTask()).Throws<Exception>();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Asserts that the specified exception type is thrown and returns the exception.
     /// Non-generic version that takes a Type parameter at runtime.
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<Exception?> ThrowsAsync(Type exceptionType, Func<Task> action)
+    public static Task<Exception?> ThrowsAsync(Type exceptionType, Func<Task> action)
     {
-        if (!typeof(Exception).IsAssignableFrom(exceptionType))
-        {
-            throw new ArgumentException($"Type {exceptionType.Name} must be an Exception type", nameof(exceptionType));
-        }
-
-        try
-        {
-            await action();
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected {exceptionType.Name} but no exception was thrown");
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex) when (exceptionType.IsInstanceOfType(ex))
-        {
-            return ex;
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected {exceptionType.Name} but got {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
-        }
+        return That(action).Throws(exceptionType);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -388,36 +342,20 @@ public static TException ThrowsExactly<TException>(string parameterName, Action
     /// Asserts that exactly the specified exception type is thrown (not subclasses) and returns the exception.
     /// Example: var exception = await Assert.ThrowsExactlyAsync&lt;InvalidOperationException&gt;(async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync());
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<TException> ThrowsExactlyAsync<TException>(Func<Task> action)
+    public static ThrowsExactlyAssertion<TException> ThrowsExactlyAsync<TException>(Func<Task> action)
         where TException : Exception
     {
-        try
-        {
-            await action();
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected exactly {typeof(TException).Name} but no exception was thrown");
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex) when (ex.GetType() == typeof(TException))
-        {
-            return (TException)ex;
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected exactly {typeof(TException).Name} but got {ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}");
-        }
+        return That(action).ThrowsExactly<TException>();
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Asserts that exactly the specified exception type is thrown (not subclasses) with the expected parameter name (for ArgumentException types) and returns the exception.
-    /// Example: var exception = await Assert.ThrowsExactlyAsync&lt;ArgumentNullException&gt;("paramName", async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync());
+    /// Asserts that exactly the specified exception type is thrown (not subclasses) with the expected parameter name (for ArgumentException types).
+    /// Uses fluent API - chain .WithParameterName() for parameter validation.
+    /// Example: await Assert.ThrowsExactlyAsync&lt;ArgumentNullException&gt;("paramName", async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync());
     /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<TException> ThrowsExactlyAsync<TException>(string parameterName, Func<Task> action)
+    public static ExceptionParameterNameAssertion<TException> ThrowsExactlyAsync<TException>(string parameterName, Func<Task> action)
         where TException : ArgumentException
     {
-        var exception = await ThrowsExactlyAsync<TException>(action);
-        if (exception.ParamName != parameterName)
-        {
-            throw new AssertionException($"Expected {typeof(TException).Name} with ParamName '{parameterName}' but got ParamName '{exception.ParamName}'");
-        }
-        return exception;
+        return That(action).ThrowsExactly<TException>(parameterName);
     }
 }
diff --git a/TUnit.Assertions/Sources/AsyncDelegateAssertion.cs b/TUnit.Assertions/Sources/AsyncDelegateAssertion.cs
index 8e6a2bc7dc..6147ea3e3f 100644
--- a/TUnit.Assertions/Sources/AsyncDelegateAssertion.cs
+++ b/TUnit.Assertions/Sources/AsyncDelegateAssertion.cs
@@ -166,4 +166,28 @@ public ThrowsExactlyAssertion<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>() where TExc
         var mappedContext = Context.MapException<TException>();
         return new ThrowsExactlyAssertion<TException>(mappedContext);
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Asserts that the async delegate throws the specified exception type (runtime Type parameter).
+    /// Non-generic version for dynamic exception type checking.
+    /// Example: await Assert.That(async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync()).Throws(typeof(InvalidOperationException));
+    /// </summary>
+    public Task<Exception?> Throws(Type exceptionType)
+    {
+        Context.ExpressionBuilder.Append($".Throws({exceptionType.Name})");
+        // Delegate to the generic Throws<Exception>() and add runtime type checking
+        var assertion = Throws<Exception>();
+        // Return the assertion with runtime type filtering applied
+        return assertion.WithExceptionType(exceptionType);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Asserts that the async delegate throws exactly the specified exception type with the expected parameter name.
+    /// For ArgumentException types only.
+    /// Example: await Assert.That(async () => await ThrowingMethodAsync()).ThrowsExactly&lt;ArgumentNullException&gt;("paramName");
+    /// </summary>
+    public ExceptionParameterNameAssertion<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>(string parameterName) where TException : ArgumentException
+    {
+        return ThrowsExactly<TException>().WithParameterName(parameterName);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet10_0.verified.txt b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet10_0.verified.txt
index c70ec89cf9..8b838e794c 100644
--- a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet10_0.verified.txt
+++ b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet10_0.verified.txt
@@ -1401,6 +1401,7 @@ namespace .Conditions
         public ThrowsAssertion(.<TException> context) { }
         protected override bool IsExactTypeMatch { get; }
         protected override bool CheckExceptionType( actualException, out string? errorMessage) { }
+        public .<?> WithExceptionType( expectedExceptionType) { }
         public .<> WithInnerException() { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage) { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage,  comparison) { }
@@ -3911,10 +3912,13 @@ namespace .Sources
         public .<.> IsNotCompletedSuccessfully() { }
         public .<.> IsNotFaulted() { }
         public .<object?, TExpected> IsTypeOf<TExpected>() { }
+        public .<?> Throws( exceptionType) { }
         public .<TException> Throws<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
         public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
+        public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>(string parameterName)
+            where TException :  { }
     }
     public class AsyncFuncAssertion<TValue> : ., .<TValue>, .<TValue>
     {
diff --git a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet8_0.verified.txt b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet8_0.verified.txt
index a630b91b97..05c906c479 100644
--- a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet8_0.verified.txt
+++ b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet8_0.verified.txt
@@ -1398,6 +1398,7 @@ namespace .Conditions
         public ThrowsAssertion(.<TException> context) { }
         protected override bool IsExactTypeMatch { get; }
         protected override bool CheckExceptionType( actualException, out string? errorMessage) { }
+        public .<?> WithExceptionType( expectedExceptionType) { }
         public .<> WithInnerException() { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage) { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage,  comparison) { }
@@ -3890,10 +3891,13 @@ namespace .Sources
         public .<.> IsNotCompletedSuccessfully() { }
         public .<.> IsNotFaulted() { }
         public .<object?, TExpected> IsTypeOf<TExpected>() { }
+        public .<?> Throws( exceptionType) { }
         public .<TException> Throws<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
         public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
+        public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>(string parameterName)
+            where TException :  { }
     }
     public class AsyncFuncAssertion<TValue> : ., .<TValue>, .<TValue>
     {
diff --git a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet9_0.verified.txt b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet9_0.verified.txt
index 959456d646..941d60bc07 100644
--- a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet9_0.verified.txt
+++ b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.DotNet9_0.verified.txt
@@ -1401,6 +1401,7 @@ namespace .Conditions
         public ThrowsAssertion(.<TException> context) { }
         protected override bool IsExactTypeMatch { get; }
         protected override bool CheckExceptionType( actualException, out string? errorMessage) { }
+        public .<?> WithExceptionType( expectedExceptionType) { }
         public .<> WithInnerException() { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage) { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage,  comparison) { }
@@ -3911,10 +3912,13 @@ namespace .Sources
         public .<.> IsNotCompletedSuccessfully() { }
         public .<.> IsNotFaulted() { }
         public .<object?, TExpected> IsTypeOf<TExpected>() { }
+        public .<?> Throws( exceptionType) { }
         public .<TException> Throws<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
         public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
+        public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>(string parameterName)
+            where TException :  { }
     }
     public class AsyncFuncAssertion<TValue> : ., .<TValue>, .<TValue>
     {
diff --git a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.Net4_7.verified.txt b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.Net4_7.verified.txt
index 79d4d99df0..67f8cfe8c3 100644
--- a/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.Net4_7.verified.txt
+++ b/TUnit.PublicAPI/Tests.Assertions_Library_Has_No_API_Changes.Net4_7.verified.txt
@@ -1331,6 +1331,7 @@ namespace .Conditions
         public ThrowsAssertion(.<TException> context) { }
         protected override bool IsExactTypeMatch { get; }
         protected override bool CheckExceptionType( actualException, out string? errorMessage) { }
+        public .<?> WithExceptionType( expectedExceptionType) { }
         public .<> WithInnerException() { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage) { }
         public .<TException> WithMessage(string expectedMessage,  comparison) { }
@@ -3550,10 +3551,13 @@ namespace .Sources
         public .<.> IsNotCompleted() { }
         public .<.> IsNotFaulted() { }
         public .<object?, TExpected> IsTypeOf<TExpected>() { }
+        public .<?> Throws( exceptionType) { }
         public .<TException> Throws<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
         public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>()
             where TException :  { }
+        public .<TException> ThrowsExactly<TException>(string parameterName)
+            where TException :  { }
     }
     public class AsyncFuncAssertion<TValue> : ., .<TValue>, .<TValue>
     {