[SPARK-49179][SQL] Fix v2 multi bucketed inner joins throw AssertionError

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

For SMJ with inner join, it just wraps left and right output partitioning to `PartitioningCollection` so it may not satisfy the target required clustering.

### Why are the changes needed?

Fix exception if the query contains multi bucketed inner joins

```sql
SELECT * FROM testcat.ns.t1
JOIN testcat.ns.t2 ON t1.id = t2.id
JOIN testcat.ns.t3 ON t1.id = t3.id
```

```
Cause: java.lang.AssertionError: assertion failed
at scala.Predef$.assert(Predef.scala:264)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements.createKeyGroupedShuffleSpec(EnsureRequirements.scala:642)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements.$anonfun$checkKeyGroupCompatible$1(EnsureRequirements.scala:385)
at scala.collection.immutable.List.map(List.scala:247)
at scala.collection.immutable.List.map(List.scala:79)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements.checkKeyGroupCompatible(EnsureRequirements.scala:382)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements.checkKeyGroupCompatible(EnsureRequirements.scala:364)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements.org$apache$spark$sql$execution$exchange$EnsureRequirements$$ensureDistributionAndOrdering(EnsureRequirements.scala:166)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements$$anonfun$1.applyOrElse(EnsureRequirements.scala:714)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements$$anonfun$1.applyOrElse(EnsureRequirements.scala:689)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNode.$anonfun$transformUpWithPruning$4(TreeNode.scala:528)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.CurrentOrigin$.withOrigin(origin.scala:84)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNode.transformUpWithPruning(TreeNode.scala:528)
at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNode.transformUp(TreeNode.scala:497)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements.apply(EnsureRequirements.scala:689)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.exchange.EnsureRequirements.apply(EnsureRequirements.scala:51)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.adaptive.AdaptiveSparkPlanExec$.$anonfun$applyPhysicalRules$2(AdaptiveSparkPlanExec.scala:882)
```

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

yes, it's a bug fix

### How was this patch tested?

add test

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

no

Closes apache#47683 from ulysses-you/SPARK-49179.

Authored-by: ulysses-you <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: youxiduo <[email protected]>

Author: ulysses-you

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/KeyGroupedPartitioningSuite.scala

@@ -441,6 +441,28 @@ class KeyGroupedPartitioningSuite extends DistributionAndOrderingSuiteBase {
     }
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-49179: Fix v2 multi bucketed inner joins throw AssertionError") {
+    val cols = Array(
+      Column.create("id", LongType),
+      Column.create("name", StringType))
+    val buckets = Array(bucket(8, "id"))
+
+    withTable("t1", "t2", "t3") {
+      Seq("t1", "t2", "t3").foreach { t =>
+        createTable(t, cols, buckets)
+        sql(s"INSERT INTO testcat.ns.$t VALUES (1, 'aa'), (2, 'bb'), (3, 'cc')")
+      }
+      val df = sql(
+        """
+          |SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t3.name FROM testcat.ns.t1
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.t2 ON t1.id = t2.id
+          |JOIN testcat.ns.t3 ON t1.id = t3.id
+          |""".stripMargin)
+      checkAnswer(df, Seq(Row(1, 1, "aa"), Row(2, 2, "bb"), Row(3, 3, "cc")))
+      assert(collectShuffles(df.queryExecution.executedPlan).isEmpty)
+    }
+  }
+
   test("partitioned join: join with two partition keys and matching & sorted partitions") {
     val items_partitions = Array(bucket(8, "id"), days("arrive_time"))
     createTable(items, items_schema, items_partitions)