diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/css.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/css.spec.ts
index 380358d875d090..02e1833b4fc3b8 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/css.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/__tests__/plugins/css.spec.ts
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ describe('search css url function', () => {
       ),
     ).toBe(true)
   })
+
+  test('should capture the full url with escaped parentheses', () => {
+    const css = 'background-image: url(public/awkward-name\\)2.png);'
+    const match = cssUrlRE.exec(css)
+    expect(match?.[1].trim()).toBe('public/awkward-name\\)2.png')
+  })
 })
 
 describe('css modules', () => {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
index ed5530f9a22337..4c3ad50e83d77f 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/css.ts
@@ -1896,7 +1896,7 @@ type CssUrlReplacer = (
 ) => string | false | Promise<string | false>
 // https://drafts.csswg.org/css-syntax-3/#identifier-code-point
 export const cssUrlRE =
-  /(?<!@import\s+)(?<=^|[^\w\-\u0080-\uffff])url\((\s*('[^']+'|"[^"]+")\s*|[^'")]+)\)/
+  /(?<!@import\s+)(?<=^|[^\w\-\u0080-\uffff])url\((\s*('[^']+'|"[^"]+")\s*|(?:\\.|[^'")\\])+)\)/
 export const cssDataUriRE =
   /(?<=^|[^\w\-\u0080-\uffff])data-uri\((\s*('[^']+'|"[^"]+")\s*|[^'")]+)\)/
 export const importCssRE =
@@ -2049,14 +2049,17 @@ async function doUrlReplace(
   if (skipUrlReplacer(unquotedUrl)) {
     return matched
   }
+  //  Remove escape sequences to get the actual file name before resolving.
+  unquotedUrl = unquotedUrl.replace(/\\(\W)/g, '$1')
 
   let newUrl = await replacer(unquotedUrl, rawUrl)
   if (newUrl === false) {
     return matched
   }
 
-  // The new url might need wrapping even if the original did not have it, e.g. if a space was added during replacement
-  if (wrap === '' && newUrl !== encodeURI(newUrl)) {
+  // The new url might need wrapping even if the original did not have it, e.g.
+  // if a space was added during replacement or the URL contains ")"
+  if (wrap === '' && (newUrl !== encodeURI(newUrl) || newUrl.includes(')'))) {
     wrap = '"'
   }
   // If wrapping in single quotes and newUrl also contains single quotes, switch to double quotes.