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documentation/asciidoc/computers/configuration/screensaver.adoc

@@ -1,61 +1,156 @@
 == Screen blanking
 
-You can configure your Raspberry Pi to blank the screen after a period of inactivity. By default, Raspberry Pi OS blanks the screen after ten minutes of inactivity when screen blanking is enabled.
+You can configure your Raspberry Pi to blank the screen after a period of inactivity. When screen blanking is enabled, Raspberry Pi OS blanks the screen after ten minutes of inactivity by default.
 
+How you manage screen blanking depends on your setup:
+
+* In the <<desktop, desktop environment>>, you can configure screen blanking with graphical tools or from the command line.
+* In <<console, console mode>> (text-only without the desktop), screen blanking is controlled through kernel parameters.
+
+[[desktop]]
 === Desktop
 
-You can control screen blanking using the *Screen Blanking* option in Control Centre.
+When running Raspberry Pi OS using the desktop environment, you can control screen blanking through built-in configuration tools: the graphical menu (*Control Centre*) or the command-line interface (*CLI*).
+
+If you aren't running the desktop environment, you can manage screen blanking from the terminal interface on your Raspberry Pi. For instructions, see <<console, Console>>.
 
 ==== Control Centre
 
-Click the Raspberry Pi button in the menu bar. Navigate to *Preferences* > *Control Centre*.
+The *Control Centre* application allows you to turn screen blanking on or off without editing configuration files manually.
+
+1. Select the Raspberry Pi icon in the top-left corner of the menu bar.
+2. Go to *Preferences > Control Centre*.
++
+image::images/pi-configuration.png[opening the Control Centre application from the desktop]
+3. Open the *Display* tab in the *Control Centre* window.
+4. Use the toggle to turn on *Screen Blanking*.
+5. Select *Close* to confirm your selection.
++
+image::images/blanking.png[toggle Screen Blanking on in the Control Centre application]
 
 NOTE: In previous versions of Raspberry Pi OS, the Control Centre application was called Raspberry Pi Configuration.
 
-image::images/pi-configuration.png[opening the Control Centre menu from the desktop]
+==== CLI
 
-Select the *Display* tab. Toggle the *Screen Blanking* radio button into the on position. Press *OK* to confirm your selection.
+If you prefer using the terminal, use the `raspi-config` command-line tool to enable or disable screen blanking. This method is useful when working remotely over SSH or when you want quick access to system settings.
 
-image::images/blanking.png[toggle Screen Blanking on in the Control Centre menu]
+1. Run the following command to open the tool: `sudo raspi-config`.
+2. Navigate with the arrow keys and press **Enter** or **Return** to select `Display Options` *>* `Screen Blanking`.
+3. Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to either:
+    - Choose `yes` to enable screen blanking.
+    - Choose `no` to disable screen blanking.
 
-==== CLI
+[[console]]
+=== Console
+
+You can control screen blanking in *console mode* using the `consoleblank` kernel parameter.
+
+Unlike the screen blanking setting modified by the Control Centre and `raspi-config`, which only affects desktop sessions, the `consoleblank` parameter applies when your Raspberry Pi is running with a monitor and keyboard in a text-only terminal session. By setting `consoleblank` in the kernel command line, you can specify how long the console waits before turning off the screen.
 
-You can enable and disable screen blanking with the `raspi-config` CLI tool. Run the following command to open the tool:
+==== Set console mode screen blanking
+
+To change the console mode screen blanking configuration:
+
+1. Use the following command to open `/boot/firmware/cmdline.txt` in a text editor as an administrator: `sudo nano /boot/firmware/cmdline.txt`.
+2. Set the number of seconds before Raspberry Pi OS blanks the console. All parameters must remain on a single line. You can:
+    * Set how many seconds of inactivity before the screen blanks. For example, adding `consoleblank=600` blanks the screen after 600 seconds of inactivity.
+    * Add `consoleblank=0` to never blank the screen.
+3. Use the following command to reboot the Raspberry Pi: `sudo reboot`. This is a necessary precursor for the changes to take effect.
+
+After reboot, the console blanking timeout follows your new setting.
+
+==== View the current screen blanking setting
+
+You can display the current console blank time (in seconds) with the following command:
 
 [source,console]
 ----
-$ sudo raspi-config
+$ cat /sys/module/kernel/parameters/consoleblank
 ----
 
-Use the arrow keys to navigate and the *Enter* key to select. Select `Display Options` > `Screen Blanking`. Choose `yes` with the arrow keys to enable screen blanking, or `no` to disable screen blanking.
+== Custom fullscreen splash image
 
-=== Console
+You can configure your Raspberry Pi to display a fullscreen splash image during boot instead of the standard console log messages.
 
-The `dpms_timeout` screen blanking configuration only affects desktop sessions. In *console mode*, when your Raspberry Pi is connected to a monitor and keyboard with only a terminal for input, use the `consoleblank` setting in the kernel command line.
+[[file-reqs]]
+=== File requirements
 
-==== Set console mode screen blanking
+The splash screen image must meet the following criteria:
 
-To change the console mode screen blanking configuration, open `/boot/firmware/cmdline.txt` in a text editor as an administrator:
+* *Maximum dimensions.* 1920 × 1080 pixels.
+    - If the image is smaller than the screen, the remaining area around your image is filled with a solid color taken from the top-left pixel of your image `(0, 0)`.
+    - Scaling isn't applied. If the screen is smaller than the image, the image is clipped and centred.
+* *Maximum colours.* 224 unique colours.
+* *Colour depth.* 24-bit (8 bits per channel, no alpha channel).
+* *Format.* Uncompressed TGA.
+
+You can use ImageMagick's `convert` command to convert an image to the TGA format expected by the kernel. For example, to convert `image.png` to a suitably-formatted `splash-image.tga` file:
 
 [source,console]
 ----
-$ sudo nano /boot/firmware/cmdline.txt
+$ sudo apt install imagemagick
+$ convert image.png -colors 224 -depth 8 -type TrueColor -alpha off -compress none -define tga:bits-per-sample=8 splash-image.tga
 ----
 
-You can adjust the number of seconds before Raspberry Pi OS blanks the console here. For instance, add `consoleblank=600` to disable display output after 600 seconds of inactivity. Set the value to `0` to never blank the screen.
+=== Set up a fullscreen splash image
+
+There are two ways to enable a fullscreen splash image on your Raspberry Pi. Depending on your technical expertise, you can either:
+
+* <<apt-package, *Use the apt package>>.* This method is more straightforward, allowing you to enable the splash screen with minimal configuration. You install a pre-made package (`rpi-splash-screen-support`) that automates most of the setup. It copies your image, sets kernel parameters, and configures the system for you.
+* <<cli, *Edit the `cmdline.txt` system file>>.* This method is more technical, but gives you control over every step. You manually configure the splash image on the command line and then update your `initramfs` to contain the splash image.
 
-Changes to `cmdline.txt` only take effect after a reboot. Use the following command to reboot your Raspberry Pi:
+[[apt-package]]
+==== Use the apt package
 
+Install the `rpi-splash-screen-support` package to simplify the set up of fullscreen splash images. The package provides the `configure-splash` tool, which sets the necessary kernel parameters and updates your `initramfs`.
+
+1. Install the package using the following command:
++
+[source,console]
+----
+$ sudo apt install rpi-splash-screen-support
+----
+2. After the apt package is installed, run the following command to configure your splash image, replacing `<splash-image.tga>` with the name or path of the image file. This path can be relative or absolute:
++
+[source,console]
+----
+$ sudo configure-splash <splash-image.tga>
+----
+3. Run the following command to reboot your Raspberry Pi and see the splash image:
++
 [source,console]
 ----
 $ sudo reboot
 ----
 
-==== View current screen blanking setting
-
-You can display the current console blank time in seconds with the following command:
-
-[source,console]
+If the image appears upside down when booting, edit the `convert` command in <<file-reqs, File requirements>> to add the `-flip` flag before the `splash-image.tga`. Then run `configure-splash` to update the image with the correct orientation.
+
+[[cli]]
+==== Edit the `cmdline.txt` system file
+
+The following method requires editing system files and manually updating the `initramfs`.
+
+1. Use the following command to open `/boot/firmware/cmdline.txt` in a text editor as an administrator: `sudo nano /boot/firmware/cmdline.txt`.
+2. Disable on-screen console messages to prevent boot messages from covering your splash image. Edit `cmdline.txt` to remove the following:
+    - `console=tty1`.
+    - `quiet` (if present).
+    - Any references to `plymouth`, such as `plymouth.ignore-serial-consoles`.
+3. Edit `cmdline.txt` to add the following parameters:
+    - `fullscreen_logo_name=logo.tga fullscreen_logo=1` to enable fullscreen splash.
+    - `vt.global_cursor_default=0` to remove the flashing cursor in the splash image.
++
+Your entry should end with something like the following:
++
+[source]
 ----
-$ cat /sys/module/kernel/parameters/consoleblank
+fullscreen_logo_name=logo.tga fullscreen_logo=1 vt.global_cursor_default=0
 ----
+4. Place the image file in the correct location.
+    - The kernel expects the image file in `/lib/firmware`.
+    - The TGA file is read from the `initramfs` during boot.
+    - The filename must match fullscreen_logo_name in `cmdline.txt`.
+
+For example code for embedding TGA images in `initramfs`, see the https://github.com/raspberrypi/rpi-splash-screen-support/blob/master/configure-splash[Raspberry Pi splash screen support tool] in GitHub.
+
+NOTE: *Step 2* doesn't prevent `getty` from launching a login prompt. Your splash image appears during boot, but when the system is ready for login, the console takes over, and the splash disappears. `getty` clears the splash screen and writes the login prompt over it when the system is ready.
+