[Fix][Connector-V2][Postgres-CDC] Fix PostgreSQL GEOMETRY handling with JDBC sink

[yzeng1618]

Purpose of this pull request

Fix issue #10155 where PostgreSQL-CDC → JDBC sink failed on GEOMETRY columns because Debezium Geometry/Geography values were serialized as Struct{wkb=...,srid=...} strings and then written as VARCHAR into geometry fields. This PR converts Debezium geometry to hex WKB strings and writes them using PGobject, and adds unit/e2e tests for the full path.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes. For PostgreSQL-CDC + JDBC sink jobs, GEOMETRY/GEOGRAPHY columns can now be synchronized correctly without type mismatch errors. There is no configuration change; behavior is fixed for existing pipelines that previously failed on geometry types.

How was this patch tested?

Added/updated unit tests:

• SeaTunnelRowDebeziumDeserializationConvertersTest to verify Debezium Geometry is converted to \x... hex WKB string.

• PostgresJdbcRowConverterTest to verify sourceType=geometry fields are written via PGobject("geometry", value) instead of setString.

Extended e2e tests:

• Updated inventory.sql in connector-cdc-postgres-e2e to add f_geometry/f_geography columns on both source and sink tables (postgres_cdc_table_1, sink_postgres_cdc_table_1, full_types_no_primary_key, full_types_no_primary_key_with_debezium) and initialized them with ST_GeomFromText / ST_GeographyFromText.

Check list

• If any new Jar binary package adding in your PR, please add License Notice according
  New License Guide
• If necessary, please update the documentation to describe the new feature. https://github.com/apache/seatunnel/tree/dev/docs
• If necessary, please update incompatible-changes.md to describe the incompatibility caused by this PR.
• [ * ] If you are contributing the connector code, please check that the following files are updated:
  1. Update plugin-mapping.properties and add new connector information in it
  2. Update the pom file of seatunnel-dist
  3. Add ci label in label-scope-conf
  4. Add e2e testcase in seatunnel-e2e
  5. Update connector plugin_config

[zhangshenghang]

Add unit tests for the Geography type

[zhangshenghang]

Please update the document

[chl-wxp]

@zhangshenghang
The sourceType here comes from source. Are you sure there is no problem? The logic code here only applies to pgsql-cdc ->pgsql. The sourceType should come from sink to apply to all sources. Please take a look at this PR: #10076

[yzeng1618]

Thanks for pointing this out, the original implementation was indeed taking sourceType from the source tableSchema, so the special handling mainly worked for the pgsql-cdc -> pgsql case.

I’ve updated PostgresJdbcRowConverter.toExternal to resolve the type from the sink first:

• use databaseTableSchema (sink schema) by column name when it’s available
• fall back to the original tableSchema sourceType array only for backward compatibility