[SPARK-37196][SQL] HiveDecimal enforcePrecisionScale failed return null

For case
```
withTempDir { dir =>
      withSQLConf(HiveUtils.CONVERT_METASTORE_PARQUET.key -> "false") {
        withTable("test_precision") {
          val df = sql("SELECT 'dummy' AS name, 1000000000000000000010.7000000000000010 AS value")
          df.write.mode("Overwrite").parquet(dir.getAbsolutePath)
          sql(
            s"""
               |CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE test_precision(name STRING, value DECIMAL(18,6))
               |STORED AS PARQUET LOCATION '${dir.getAbsolutePath}'
               |""".stripMargin)
          checkAnswer(sql("SELECT * FROM test_precision"), Row("dummy", null))
        }
      }
    }
```

We write a data with schema

It's caused by you create a df with
```
root
 |-- name: string (nullable = false)
 |-- value: decimal(38,16) (nullable = false)
```
but create table schema

```
root
 |-- name: string (nullable = false)
 |-- value: decimal(18,6) (nullable = false)
```

This will cause enforcePrecisionScale return `null`
```
  public HiveDecimal getPrimitiveJavaObject(Object o) {
    return o == null ? null : this.enforcePrecisionScale(((HiveDecimalWritable)o).getHiveDecimal());
  }
```
Then throw NPE when call `toCatalystDecimal `

We should judge if the return value is `null` to avoid throw NPE

Fix bug

No

Added UT

Closes #34519 from AngersZhuuuu/SPARK-37196.

Authored-by: Angerszhuuuu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit a4f8ffb)
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <[email protected]>

Author: AngersZhuuuu

sql/hive/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/HiveShim.scala

@@ -103,10 +103,19 @@ private[hive] object HiveShim {
 
   def toCatalystDecimal(hdoi: HiveDecimalObjectInspector, data: Any): Decimal = {
     if (hdoi.preferWritable()) {
-      Decimal(hdoi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(data).getHiveDecimal().bigDecimalValue,
-        hdoi.precision(), hdoi.scale())
+      val value = hdoi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(data)
+      if (value == null) {
+        null
+      } else {
+        Decimal(value.getHiveDecimal().bigDecimalValue, hdoi.precision(), hdoi.scale())
+      }
     } else {
-      Decimal(hdoi.getPrimitiveJavaObject(data).bigDecimalValue(), hdoi.precision(), hdoi.scale())
+      val value = hdoi.getPrimitiveJavaObject(data)
+      if (value == null) {
+        null
+      } else {
+        Decimal(value.bigDecimalValue(), hdoi.precision(), hdoi.scale())
+      }
     }
   }
 

sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/SQLQuerySuite.scala

@@ -2558,6 +2558,23 @@ abstract class SQLQuerySuiteBase extends QueryTest with SQLTestUtils with TestHi
       }
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-37196: HiveDecimal Precision Scale match failed should return null") {
+    withTempDir { dir =>
+      withSQLConf(HiveUtils.CONVERT_METASTORE_PARQUET.key -> "false") {
+        withTable("test_precision") {
+          val df = sql(s"SELECT 'dummy' AS name, ${"1" * 20}.${"2" * 18} AS value")
+          df.write.mode("Overwrite").parquet(dir.getAbsolutePath)
+          sql(
+            s"""
+               |CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE test_precision(name STRING, value DECIMAL(18,6))
+               |STORED AS PARQUET LOCATION '${dir.getAbsolutePath}'
+               |""".stripMargin)
+          checkAnswer(sql("SELECT * FROM test_precision"), Row("dummy", null))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 @SlowHiveTest