[SPARK-47598][CORE] MLLib: Migrate logError with variables to structu…

…red logging framework

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
The pr aims to migrate `logError` in module `MLLib` with variables to `structured logging framework`.

### Why are the changes needed?
To enhance Apache Spark's logging system by implementing structured logging.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No.

### How was this patch tested?
- Pass GA.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
No.

Closes apache#45837 from panbingkun/SPARK-47598.

Authored-by: panbingkun <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Gengliang Wang <[email protected]>

common/utils/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/internal/LogKey.scala

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ object LogKey extends Enumeration {
   val BLOCK_MANAGER_ID = Value
   val BROADCAST_ID = Value
   val BUCKET = Value
+  val CATEGORICAL_FEATURES = Value
   val CLASS_LOADER = Value
   val CLASS_NAME = Value
   val COMMAND = Value
@@ -44,17 +45,22 @@ object LogKey extends Enumeration {
   val EXIT_CODE = Value
   val HOST = Value
   val JOB_ID = Value
+  val LEARNING_RATE = Value
   val LINE = Value
   val LINE_NUM = Value
   val MASTER_URL = Value
   val MAX_ATTEMPTS = Value
+  val MAX_CATEGORIES = Value
   val MAX_EXECUTOR_FAILURES = Value
   val MAX_SIZE = Value
   val MIN_SIZE = Value
+  val NUM_ITERATIONS = Value
   val OLD_BLOCK_MANAGER_ID = Value
+  val OPTIMIZER_CLASS_NAME = Value
   val PARTITION_ID = Value
   val PATH = Value
   val POD_ID = Value
+  val RANGE = Value
   val REASON = Value
   val REMOTE_ADDRESS = Value
   val RETRY_COUNT = Value
@@ -63,6 +69,7 @@ object LogKey extends Enumeration {
   val SIZE = Value
   val STAGE_ID = Value
   val SUBMISSION_ID = Value
+  val SUBSAMPLING_RATE = Value
   val TASK_ATTEMPT_ID = Value
   val TASK_ID = Value
   val TASK_NAME = Value

common/utils/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/internal/Logging.scala

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ trait Logging {
     }
   }
 
-  private def withLogContext(context: java.util.HashMap[String, String])(body: => Unit): Unit = {
+  protected def withLogContext(context: java.util.HashMap[String, String])(body: => Unit): Unit = {
     val threadContext = CloseableThreadContext.putAll(context)
     try {
       body

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/classification/LinearSVC.scala

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkException
 import org.apache.spark.annotation.Since
-import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
+import org.apache.spark.internal.{Logging, MDC}
+import org.apache.spark.internal.LogKey.{COUNT, RANGE}
 import org.apache.spark.ml.feature._
 import org.apache.spark.ml.linalg._
 import org.apache.spark.ml.optim.aggregator._
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ import org.apache.spark.ml.stat._
 import org.apache.spark.ml.util._
 import org.apache.spark.ml.util.DatasetUtils._
 import org.apache.spark.ml.util.Instrumentation.instrumented
+import org.apache.spark.mllib.util.MLUtils
 import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
 import org.apache.spark.sql._
 import org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel
@@ -220,10 +222,11 @@ class LinearSVC @Since("2.2.0") (
     instr.logNumFeatures(numFeatures)
 
     if (numInvalid != 0) {
-      val msg = s"Classification labels should be in [0 to ${numClasses - 1}]. " +
-        s"Found $numInvalid invalid labels."
+      val msg = log"Classification labels should be in " +
+        log"${MDC(RANGE, s"[0 to ${numClasses - 1}]")}. " +
+        log"Found ${MDC(COUNT, numInvalid)} invalid labels."
       instr.logError(msg)
-      throw new SparkException(msg)
+      throw new SparkException(msg.message)
     }
 
     val featuresStd = summarizer.std.toArray
@@ -249,9 +252,7 @@ class LinearSVC @Since("2.2.0") (
         regularization, optimizer)
 
     if (rawCoefficients == null) {
-      val msg = s"${optimizer.getClass.getName} failed."
-      instr.logError(msg)
-      throw new SparkException(msg)
+      MLUtils.optimizerFailed(instr, optimizer.getClass)
     }
 
     val coefficientArray = Array.tabulate(numFeatures) { i =>

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/classification/LogisticRegression.scala

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkException
 import org.apache.spark.annotation.Since
-import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
+import org.apache.spark.internal.{Logging, MDC}
+import org.apache.spark.internal.LogKey.{COUNT, RANGE}
 import org.apache.spark.ml.feature._
 import org.apache.spark.ml.impl.Utils
 import org.apache.spark.ml.linalg._
@@ -530,10 +531,11 @@ class LogisticRegression @Since("1.2.0") (
     }
 
     if (numInvalid != 0) {
-      val msg = s"Classification labels should be in [0 to ${numClasses - 1}]. " +
-        s"Found $numInvalid invalid labels."
+      val msg = log"Classification labels should be in " +
+        log"${MDC(RANGE, s"[0 to ${numClasses - 1}]")}. " +
+        log"Found ${MDC(COUNT, numInvalid)} invalid labels."
       instr.logError(msg)
-      throw new SparkException(msg)
+      throw new SparkException(msg.message)
     }
 
     instr.logNumClasses(numClasses)
@@ -634,9 +636,7 @@ class LogisticRegression @Since("1.2.0") (
         initialSolution.toArray, regularization, optimizer)
 
     if (allCoefficients == null) {
-      val msg = s"${optimizer.getClass.getName} failed."
-      instr.logError(msg)
-      throw new SparkException(msg)
+      MLUtils.optimizerFailed(instr, optimizer.getClass)
     }
 
     val allCoefMatrix = new DenseMatrix(numCoefficientSets, numFeaturesPlusIntercept,

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/regression/AFTSurvivalRegression.scala

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import breeze.linalg.{DenseVector => BDV}
 import breeze.optimize.{CachedDiffFunction, LBFGS => BreezeLBFGS}
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
 
-import org.apache.spark.SparkException
 import org.apache.spark.annotation.Since
 import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
 import org.apache.spark.ml.PredictorParams
@@ -271,9 +270,7 @@ class AFTSurvivalRegression @Since("1.6.0") (@Since("1.6.0") override val uid: S
         optimizer, initialSolution)
 
     if (rawCoefficients == null) {
-      val msg = s"${optimizer.getClass.getName} failed."
-      instr.logError(msg)
-      throw new SparkException(msg)
+      MLUtils.optimizerFailed(instr, optimizer.getClass)
     }
 
     val coefficientArray = Array.tabulate(numFeatures) { i =>

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/regression/LinearRegression.scala

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import breeze.stats.distributions.Rand.FixedSeed.randBasis
 import breeze.stats.distributions.StudentsT
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
 
-import org.apache.spark.SparkException
 import org.apache.spark.annotation.Since
 import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
 import org.apache.spark.ml.{PipelineStage, PredictorParams}
@@ -428,9 +427,7 @@ class LinearRegression @Since("1.3.0") (@Since("1.3.0") override val uid: String
         featuresMean, featuresStd, initialSolution, regularization, optimizer)
 
     if (parameters == null) {
-      val msg = s"${optimizer.getClass.getName} failed."
-      instr.logError(msg)
-      throw new SparkException(msg)
+      MLUtils.optimizerFailed(instr, optimizer.getClass)
     }
 
     val model = createModel(parameters, yMean, yStd, featuresMean, featuresStd)

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/util/Instrumentation.scala

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import org.json4s._
 import org.json4s.JsonDSL._
 import org.json4s.jackson.JsonMethods._
 
-import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
+import org.apache.spark.internal.{LogEntry, Logging}
 import org.apache.spark.ml.{MLEvents, PipelineStage}
 import org.apache.spark.ml.param.{Param, Params}
 import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
@@ -84,20 +84,53 @@ private[spark] class Instrumentation private () extends Logging with MLEvents {
     super.logWarning(prefix + msg)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Logs a LogEntry which message with a prefix that uniquely identifies the training session.
+   */
+  override def logWarning(entry: LogEntry): Unit = {
+    if (log.isWarnEnabled) {
+      withLogContext(entry.context) {
+        log.warn(prefix + entry.message)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Logs a error message with a prefix that uniquely identifies the training session.
    */
   override def logError(msg: => String): Unit = {
     super.logError(prefix + msg)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Logs a LogEntry which message with a prefix that uniquely identifies the training session.
+   */
+  override def logError(entry: LogEntry): Unit = {
+    if (log.isErrorEnabled) {
+      withLogContext(entry.context) {
+        log.error(prefix + entry.message)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Logs an info message with a prefix that uniquely identifies the training session.
    */
   override def logInfo(msg: => String): Unit = {
     super.logInfo(prefix + msg)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Logs a LogEntry which message with a prefix that uniquely identifies the training session.
+   */
+  override def logInfo(entry: LogEntry): Unit = {
+    if (log.isInfoEnabled) {
+      withLogContext(entry.context) {
+        log.info(prefix + entry.message)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Logs the value of the given parameters for the estimator being used in this session.
    */

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/util/DataValidators.scala

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 package org.apache.spark.mllib.util
 
 import org.apache.spark.annotation.Since
-import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
+import org.apache.spark.internal.{Logging, MDC}
+import org.apache.spark.internal.LogKey.{COUNT, RANGE}
 import org.apache.spark.mllib.regression.LabeledPoint
 import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
 
@@ -37,7 +38,8 @@ object DataValidators extends Logging {
   val binaryLabelValidator: RDD[LabeledPoint] => Boolean = { data =>
     val numInvalid = data.filter(x => x.label != 1.0 && x.label != 0.0).count()
     if (numInvalid != 0) {
-      logError("Classification labels should be 0 or 1. Found " + numInvalid + " invalid labels")
+      logError(log"Classification labels should be 0 or 1. " +
+        log"Found ${MDC(COUNT, numInvalid)} invalid labels")
     }
     numInvalid == 0
   }
@@ -53,8 +55,9 @@ object DataValidators extends Logging {
     val numInvalid = data.filter(x =>
       x.label - x.label.toInt != 0.0 || x.label < 0 || x.label > k - 1).count()
     if (numInvalid != 0) {
-      logError("Classification labels should be in {0 to " + (k - 1) + "}. " +
-        "Found " + numInvalid + " invalid labels")
+      logError(log"Classification labels should be in " +
+        log"${MDC(RANGE, s"[0 to ${k - 1}]")}. " +
+        log"Found ${MDC(COUNT, numInvalid)} invalid labels")
     }
     numInvalid == 0
   }

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/util/MLUtils.scala

@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ import scala.reflect.ClassTag
 
 import org.apache.spark.{SparkContext, SparkException}
 import org.apache.spark.annotation.Since
-import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
+import org.apache.spark.internal.{Logging, MDC}
+import org.apache.spark.internal.LogKey.OPTIMIZER_CLASS_NAME
 import org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.{MatrixUDT => MLMatrixUDT, VectorUDT => MLVectorUDT}
+import org.apache.spark.ml.util.Instrumentation
 import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg._
 import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.BLAS.dot
 import org.apache.spark.mllib.regression.LabeledPoint
@@ -593,4 +595,10 @@ object MLUtils extends Logging {
       math.log1p(math.exp(x))
     }
   }
+
+  def optimizerFailed(instr: Instrumentation, optimizerClass: Class[_]): Unit = {
+    val msg = log"${MDC(OPTIMIZER_CLASS_NAME, optimizerClass.getName)} failed."
+    instr.logError(msg)
+    throw new SparkException(msg.message)
+  }
 }

mllib/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/feature/VectorIndexerSuite.scala

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 package org.apache.spark.ml.feature
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkException
-import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
+import org.apache.spark.internal.{Logging, MDC}
+import org.apache.spark.internal.LogKey.{CATEGORICAL_FEATURES, MAX_CATEGORIES}
 import org.apache.spark.ml.attribute._
 import org.apache.spark.ml.linalg.{SparseVector, Vector, Vectors}
 import org.apache.spark.ml.param.ParamsSuite
@@ -175,8 +176,10 @@ class VectorIndexerSuite extends MLTest with DefaultReadWriteTest with Logging {
         maxCategories: Int,
         categoricalFeatures: Set[Int]): Unit = {
       val collectedData = data.collect().map(_.getAs[Vector](0))
-      val errMsg = s"checkCategoryMaps failed for input with maxCategories=$maxCategories," +
-        s" categoricalFeatures=${categoricalFeatures.mkString(", ")}"
+
+      val errMsg = log"checkCategoryMaps failed for input with " +
+        log"maxCategories=${MDC(MAX_CATEGORIES, maxCategories)} " +
+        log"categoricalFeatures=${MDC(CATEGORICAL_FEATURES, categoricalFeatures.mkString(", "))}"
       try {
         val vectorIndexer = getIndexer.setMaxCategories(maxCategories)
         val model = vectorIndexer.fit(data)
@@ -210,8 +213,8 @@ class VectorIndexerSuite extends MLTest with DefaultReadWriteTest with Logging {
                 assert(attr.values.get === origValueSet.toArray.sorted.map(_.toString))
                 assert(attr.isOrdinal.get === false)
               case _ =>
-                throw new RuntimeException(errMsg + s". Categorical feature $feature failed" +
-                  s" metadata check. Found feature attribute: $featureAttr.")
+                throw new RuntimeException(errMsg.message + s". Categorical feature $feature " +
+                  s"failed metadata check. Found feature attribute: $featureAttr.")
             }
           }
           // Check numerical feature metadata.
@@ -222,8 +225,8 @@ class VectorIndexerSuite extends MLTest with DefaultReadWriteTest with Logging {
               case attr: NumericAttribute =>
                 assert(featureAttr.index.get === feature)
               case _ =>
-                throw new RuntimeException(errMsg + s". Numerical feature $feature failed" +
-                  s" metadata check. Found feature attribute: $featureAttr.")
+                throw new RuntimeException(errMsg.message + s". Numerical feature $feature " +
+                  s"failed metadata check. Found feature attribute: $featureAttr.")
             }
           }
         }

mllib/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/tree/GradientBoostedTreesSuite.scala

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 package org.apache.spark.mllib.tree
 
 import org.apache.spark.SparkFunSuite
+import org.apache.spark.internal.{MDC, MessageWithContext}
+import org.apache.spark.internal.LogKey.{LEARNING_RATE, NUM_ITERATIONS, SUBSAMPLING_RATE}
 import org.apache.spark.mllib.regression.LabeledPoint
 import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.configuration.{BoostingStrategy, Strategy}
 import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.configuration.Algo._
@@ -33,6 +35,15 @@ import org.apache.spark.util.Utils
  */
 class GradientBoostedTreesSuite extends SparkFunSuite with MLlibTestSparkContext {
 
+  private def buildErrorLog(
+      numIterations: Int,
+      learningRate: Double,
+      subsamplingRate: Double): MessageWithContext = {
+    log"FAILED for numIterations=${MDC(NUM_ITERATIONS, numIterations)}, " +
+      log"learningRate=${MDC(LEARNING_RATE, learningRate)}, " +
+      log"subsamplingRate=${MDC(SUBSAMPLING_RATE, subsamplingRate)}"
+  }
+
   test("Regression with continuous features: SquaredError") {
     GradientBoostedTreesSuite.testCombinations.foreach {
       case (numIterations, learningRate, subsamplingRate) =>
@@ -51,8 +62,7 @@ class GradientBoostedTreesSuite extends SparkFunSuite with MLlibTestSparkContext
             gbt, GradientBoostedTreesSuite.data.toImmutableArraySeq, 0.06)
         } catch {
           case e: java.lang.AssertionError =>
-            logError(s"FAILED for numIterations=$numIterations, learningRate=$learningRate," +
-              s" subsamplingRate=$subsamplingRate")
+            logError(buildErrorLog(numIterations, learningRate, subsamplingRate))
             throw e
         }
 
@@ -82,8 +92,7 @@ class GradientBoostedTreesSuite extends SparkFunSuite with MLlibTestSparkContext
             gbt, GradientBoostedTreesSuite.data.toImmutableArraySeq, 0.85, "mae")
         } catch {
           case e: java.lang.AssertionError =>
-            logError(s"FAILED for numIterations=$numIterations, learningRate=$learningRate," +
-              s" subsamplingRate=$subsamplingRate")
+            logError(buildErrorLog(numIterations, learningRate, subsamplingRate))
             throw e
         }
 
@@ -114,8 +123,7 @@ class GradientBoostedTreesSuite extends SparkFunSuite with MLlibTestSparkContext
             gbt, GradientBoostedTreesSuite.data.toImmutableArraySeq, 0.9)
         } catch {
           case e: java.lang.AssertionError =>
-            logError(s"FAILED for numIterations=$numIterations, learningRate=$learningRate," +
-              s" subsamplingRate=$subsamplingRate")
+            logError(buildErrorLog(numIterations, learningRate, subsamplingRate))
             throw e
         }