CI: Use uv for faster pip installs, fix venv issues in latest GDAL

[brendan-ward]

This adds uv for faster pip installs and uses a virtual environment that it manages to get around virtual environment errors on latest GDAL.

We were previously getting this from GDAL-latest, and the easiest way it seemed to work around this was to use a dedicated virtual environment:

Run python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir -U pip wheel
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP [6](https://github.com/geopandas/pyogrio/actions/runs/9754424367/job/26921308229?pr=438#step:5:7)68 for the detailed specification.

[theroggy]

I'm not really familiar with this as I have no experience using this kind of virtual environments... so I'm afraid I'm not qualified to do a proper review on this.

[martinfleis]

It looks good to me! Happy to see uv!