feat(inputs.sql): Add Vertica support

[apkerr]

Summary

Add support for Vertica databases to the inputs.sql plugin

Checklist

• No AI generated code was used in this PR

Related issues

resolves #17318

[mstrandboge]

Thanks for the PR! My only concern is that the driver library seems to not have been updated since 2023, do you know if it is still being actively maintained? (also, this PR needs a rebase 😄)

[mstrandboge]

@apkerr After discussion with the team we decided that this library is the right choice for this feature. Are you able to resolve the merge conflicts and remove the unnecessary dependency changes so this can merge? Thanks!

[telegraf-tiger]

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Artifact URLs

. DEB	. RPM	. TAR . GZ	. ZIP
amd64.deb	aarch64.rpm	darwin_amd64.tar.gz	windows_amd64.zip
arm64.deb	armel.rpm	darwin_arm64.tar.gz	windows_arm64.zip
armel.deb	armv6hl.rpm	freebsd_amd64.tar.gz	windows_i386.zip
armhf.deb	i386.rpm	freebsd_armv7.tar.gz
i386.deb	ppc64le.rpm	freebsd_i386.tar.gz
mips.deb	riscv64.rpm	linux_amd64.tar.gz
mipsel.deb	s390x.rpm	linux_arm64.tar.gz
ppc64el.deb	x86_64.rpm	linux_armel.tar.gz
riscv64.deb		linux_armhf.tar.gz
s390x.deb		linux_i386.tar.gz
		linux_mips.tar.gz
		linux_mipsel.tar.gz
		linux_ppc64le.tar.gz
		linux_riscv64.tar.gz
		linux_s390x.tar.gz

[srebhan]

Awesome. Thanks @apkerr!

[apkerr]

Thanks for finishing this @mstrandboge!

I'm sorry I couldn't do it myself...work is getting in the way!