fix: log requests exceeding the rate limiting

[kesselb]

Summary

Makes it a bit easier to find blocked requests due to rate limiting, similar to what we do for the bfp throttle.

Example user:

{
  "reqId": "HPn5tPcQdhZCCs7LjQ9P",
  "level": 1,
  "time": "2025-05-13T16:59:00+00:00",
  "remoteAddr": "172.18.0.1",
  "user": "bob",
  "app": "no app in context",
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "/ocs/v2.php/apps/files_sharing/api/v1/shares",
  "message": "Request blocked because it exceeds the rate limit [method: OCA\\Files_Sharing\\Controller\\ShareAPIController::createShare, limit: 20, period: 600]",
  "userAgent": "IntelliJ HTTP Client/PhpStorm 2025.1.0.1",
  "version": "32.0.0.0",
  "data": []
}

Example anon:

{
  "reqId": "2kWZvzMS0ECmcf2HdmW8",
  "level": 1,
  "time": "2025-05-13T17:02:06+00:00",
  "remoteAddr": "172.18.0.1",
  "user": "--",
  "app": "no app in context",
  "method": "GET",
  "url": "/index.php/u/alice",
  "message": "Request blocked because it exceeds the rate limit [method: OCA\\Profile\\Controller\\ProfilePageController::index, limit: 5, period: 120]",
  "userAgent": "IntelliJ HTTP Client/PhpStorm 2025.1.0.1",
  "version": "32.0.0.0",
  "data": []
}

Checklist

• Code is properly formatted
• Sign-off message is added to all commits
• Tests (unit, integration, api and/or acceptance) are included
• Screenshots before/after for front-end changes
• Documentation (manuals or wiki) has been updated or is not required
• Backports requested where applicable (ex: critical bugfixes)

[kesselb]

/backport to stable31

[kesselb]

/backport to stable30