test: add Worker + uncaughtException + process.exit() test

test/parallel/test-worker-exit-from-uncaught-exception.js

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const { Worker } = require('worker_threads');
+
+// Check that `process.exit()` can be called inside a Worker from an uncaught
+// exception handler.
+
+// Do not use isMainThread so that this test itself can be run inside a Worker.
+if (!process.env.HAS_STARTED_WORKER) {
+  process.env.HAS_STARTED_WORKER = 1;
+  const w = new Worker(__filename);
+  w.on('exit', common.mustCall((code) => {
+    assert.strictEqual(code, 42);
+  }));
+  return;
+}
+
+process.on('uncaughtException', () => {
+  process.exit(42);
+});
+
+throw new Error();