process: wrap ENOENT from process.cwd() with ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR

[ri7116]

Catch ENOENT from rawMethods.cwd() and rethrow as ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR with context { syscall: 'process.cwd', code: 'ENOENT' }, preserving the original error in cause. This surfaces a clearer, actionable message when the current working directory has been deleted or unmounted and improves the stack (process.cwd instead of wrappedCwd).

Fixes: #57045

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/startup

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 92.30769% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 88.29%. Comparing base (f1a8f44) to head (9e8e799).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...ernal/bootstrap/switches/does_own_process_state.js	92.30%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #59902   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   88.28%   88.29%           
=======================================
  Files         702      702           
  Lines      206904   206921   +17     
  Branches    39808    39810    +2     
=======================================
+ Hits       182665   182694   +29     
+ Misses      16256    16219   -37     
- Partials     7983     8008   +25     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
...ernal/bootstrap/switches/does_own_process_state.js	94.40% <92.30%> (-0.73%)	⬇️

... and 34 files with indirect coverage changes

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