feat(sdk-metrics): bootstrap metric streams

[legendecas]

Which problem is this PR solving?

This is a prototype of the synchronous metric streams implementation described in https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EluDhj5UanNATS3hR8xx30sv55Se7uYjsGYslvNWHtc/edit#.

Bootstrap metric streams:

1. Instruments delegate metric events to WritableMetricStorage
2. SyncMetricStorage (a WritableMetricStorage) stashes delta accumulations in DeltaMetricStorage
3. DeltaMetricProcessor flushes accumulations when the data is being collected so it won't persist in memory
4. SyncMetricStorage builds metric data with TemporalMetricStorage for collector's preferred aggregation temporality
5. TemporalMetricProcessor stashes unreported accumulations for each collector
6. TemporalMetricProcessor keeps a reported history for each collector for temporality merging.

Related: #2574
Depends on: #2634

Type of change

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Basic interface testing.
• Multiple collectors initiating collections should not have side effects on each other.
• Integrated testing with MeterProvider/Meter interface.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2636 (f64ef47) into main (10cd916) will decrease coverage by 0.43%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2636      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   93.29%   92.86%   -0.44%     
==========================================
  Files         131      143      +12     
  Lines        4923     5158     +235     
  Branches     1078     1102      +24     
==========================================
+ Hits         4593     4790     +197     
- Misses        330      368      +38     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...etry-sdk-metrics-base/src/export/MetricExporter.ts	23.52% <0.00%> (ø)
...sdk-metrics-base/src/state/DeltaMetricProcessor.ts	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...ckages/opentelemetry-sdk-metrics-base/src/utils.ts	90.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...metrics-base/src/state/MeterProviderSharedState.ts	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...pentelemetry-sdk-metrics-base/src/state/HashMap.ts	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...ry-sdk-metrics-base/src/state/SyncMetricStorage.ts	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...-metrics-base/src/state/TemporalMetricProcessor.ts	97.87% <0.00%> (ø)
...metry-sdk-metrics-base/src/InstrumentDescriptor.ts	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...trics-base/src/state/MultiWritableMetricStorage.ts	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
...emetry-sdk-metrics-base/src/export/MetricReader.ts	23.80% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 3 more

[dyladan]

to those @open-telemetry/javascript-approvers who didn't see, this is now ready for review.

[vmarchaud]

did a quick pass and overall looks fine from my comprehension of the spec, i will try to review it a second time though before approving

[pichlermarc]

Looks good, just a few nits from my side.