feat(sdk-trace-web): web worker support

[legendecas]

Which problem is this PR solving?

This is an initial bootstrap on test facilities on web workers. Packages that target web platforms without specific instrumentation on browsing context API should be able to run their test suites on web workers too.

• Added guidance of Web API usages.
• Removed window references in generic functions in sdk-trace-web.

Type of change

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

How Has This Been Tested?

Basically, we are running the test suites again on a web worker environment with karma. If tests that are not intended to run won web workers, they should be relocated to the test/window directory.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2719 (78ada97) into main (e32879a) will increase coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2719   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   93.22%   93.23%           
=======================================
  Files         157      158    +1     
  Lines        5432     5436    +4     
  Branches     1141     1141           
=======================================
+ Hits         5064     5068    +4     
  Misses        368      368           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...ckages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-web/karma.worker.js	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-web/src/utils.ts	95.00% <100.00%> (ø)

[johnbley]

LGTM; thanks for diligently splitting out the window-specific tests.

[dyladan]

thanks for diligently splitting out the window-specific tests.

Agreed