feat(instrumentation-http)!: reduce public API surface by removing exports and making protected methods private

[pichlermarc]

Which problem is this PR solving?

While working on #5091, I noticed that we can't really change the utils function signatures without introducing a breaking change, they are actually all exported. There's also some protected methods that are part of the public API which we may not want to be there.

This PR introduces the following breaking changes:

• removes all utils exports (these were, from what I can tell, all intended for internal consumption, not for the user)
• removes all exports from types that are not used in the options or public/protected methods, and moves them to internal-types instead
• makes all _getPatch* methods private (they were previously protected)

Type of change

• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Existing tests

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 93.18%. Comparing base (72c9af9) to head (3642217).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #5124   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   93.18%   93.18%           
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  Files         315      315           
  Lines        8086     8086           
  Branches     1617     1617           
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  Hits         7535     7535           
  Misses        551      551           

[hectorhdzg]

LGTM