Allow more control over the arguments to pg_upgrade

This also enables the PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency feature by default.
Users may set PGUpgrade.spec.jobs to disable that behavior case by case.

Issue: PGO-2022
Resolves: CrunchyData#4039

config/crd/bases/postgres-operator.crunchydata.com_pgupgrades.yaml

@@ -963,6 +963,7 @@ spec:
                 type: object
               fromPostgresVersion:
                 description: The major version of PostgreSQL before the upgrade.
+                format: int32
                 maximum: 17
                 minimum: 11
                 type: integer
@@ -984,7 +985,7 @@ spec:
                 description: |-
                   The image pull secrets used to pull from a private registry.
                   Changing this value causes all running PGUpgrade pods to restart.
-                  https://k8s.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/pull-image-private-registry/
+                  https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/pull-image-private-registry
                 items:
                   description: |-
                     LocalObjectReference contains enough information to let you locate the
@@ -1002,6 +1003,13 @@ spec:
                   type: object
                   x-kubernetes-map-type: atomic
                 type: array
+              jobs:
+                description: |-
+                  The number of simultaneous processes pg_upgrade should use.
+                  More info: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgupgrade.html
+                format: int32
+                minimum: 0
+                type: integer
               metadata:
                 description: Metadata contains metadata for custom resources
                 properties:
@@ -1015,14 +1023,14 @@ spec:
                     type: object
                 type: object
               postgresClusterName:
-                description: The name of the cluster to be updated
+                description: The name of the Postgres cluster to upgrade.
                 minLength: 1
                 type: string
               priorityClassName:
                 description: |-
                   Priority class name for the PGUpgrade pod. Changing this
                   value causes PGUpgrade pod to restart.
-                  More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption/
+                  More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/pod-priority-preemption
                 type: string
               resources:
                 description: Resource requirements for the PGUpgrade container.
@@ -1083,13 +1091,9 @@ spec:
                       More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/
                     type: object
                 type: object
-              toPostgresImage:
-                description: |-
-                  The image name to use for PostgreSQL containers after upgrade.
-                  When omitted, the value comes from an operator environment variable.
-                type: string
               toPostgresVersion:
                 description: The major version of PostgreSQL to be upgraded to.
+                format: int32
                 maximum: 17
                 minimum: 11
                 type: integer
@@ -1134,11 +1138,29 @@ spec:
                       type: string
                   type: object
                 type: array
+              transferMethod:
+                description: |-
+                  The method pg_upgrade should use to transfer files to the new cluster.
+                  More info: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgupgrade.html
+                enum:
+                - Clone
+                - Copy
+                - CopyFileRange
+                - Link
+                maxLength: 15
+                type: string
             required:
             - fromPostgresVersion
             - postgresClusterName
             - toPostgresVersion
             type: object
+            x-kubernetes-validations:
+            - message: Only Copy or Link before PostgreSQL 12
+              rule: '!has(self.transferMethod) || (self.toPostgresVersion < 12 ? self.transferMethod
+                in ["Copy","Link"] : true)'
+            - message: Only Clone, Copy, or Link before PostgreSQL 17
+              rule: '!has(self.transferMethod) || (self.toPostgresVersion < 17 ? self.transferMethod
+                in ["Clone","Copy","Link"] : true)'
           status:
             description: PGUpgradeStatus defines the observed state of PGUpgrade
             properties:

internal/controller/pgupgrade/jobs.go

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@
 package pgupgrade
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"strings"
 
 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
@@ -35,9 +37,16 @@ func pgUpgradeJob(upgrade *v1beta1.PGUpgrade) metav1.ObjectMeta {
 
 // upgradeCommand returns an entrypoint that prepares the filesystem for
 // and performs a PostgreSQL major version upgrade using pg_upgrade.
-func upgradeCommand(oldVersion, newVersion int, fetchKeyCommand string, availableCPUs int) []string {
-	// Use multiple CPUs when three or more are available.
-	argJobs := fmt.Sprintf(` --jobs=%d`, max(1, availableCPUs-1))
+func upgradeCommand(spec *v1beta1.PGUpgradeSettings, fetchKeyCommand string) []string {
+	argJobs := fmt.Sprintf(` --jobs=%d`, max(1, spec.Jobs))
+	argMethod := cmp.Or(map[string]string{
+		"Clone":         ` --clone`,
+		"Copy":          ` --copy`,
+		"CopyFileRange": ` --copy-file-range`,
+	}[spec.TransferMethod], ` --link`)
+
+	oldVersion := spec.FromPostgresVersion
+	newVersion := spec.ToPostgresVersion
 
 	// if the fetch key command is set for TDE, provide the value during initialization
 	initdb := `/usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin/initdb -k -D /pgdata/pg"${new_version}"`
@@ -99,14 +108,14 @@ func upgradeCommand(oldVersion, newVersion int, fetchKeyCommand string, availabl
 		`echo -e "Step 5: Running pg_upgrade check...\n"`,
 		`time /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin/pg_upgrade --old-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${old_version}"/bin \`,
 		`--new-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin --old-datadir /pgdata/pg"${old_version}"\`,
-		` --new-datadir /pgdata/pg"${new_version}" --link --check` + argJobs,
+		` --new-datadir /pgdata/pg"${new_version}" --check` + argMethod + argJobs,
 
 		// Assuming the check completes successfully, the pg_upgrade command will
 		// be run that actually prepares the upgraded pgdata directory.
 		`echo -e "\nStep 6: Running pg_upgrade...\n"`,
 		`time /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin/pg_upgrade --old-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${old_version}"/bin \`,
 		`--new-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin --old-datadir /pgdata/pg"${old_version}" \`,
-		`--new-datadir /pgdata/pg"${new_version}" --link` + argJobs,
+		`--new-datadir /pgdata/pg"${new_version}"` + argMethod + argJobs,
 
 		// Since we have cleared the Patroni cluster step by removing the EndPoints, we copy patroni.dynamic.json
 		// from the old data dir to help retain PostgreSQL parameters you had set before.
@@ -122,12 +131,12 @@ func upgradeCommand(oldVersion, newVersion int, fetchKeyCommand string, availabl
 
 // largestWholeCPU returns the maximum CPU request or limit as a non-negative
 // integer of CPUs. When resources lacks any CPU, the result is zero.
-func largestWholeCPU(resources corev1.ResourceRequirements) int {
+func largestWholeCPU(resources corev1.ResourceRequirements) int64 {
 	// Read CPU quantities as millicores then divide to get the "floor."
 	// NOTE: [resource.Quantity.Value] looks easier, but it rounds up.
 	return max(
-		int(resources.Limits.Cpu().ScaledValue(resource.Milli)/1000),
-		int(resources.Requests.Cpu().ScaledValue(resource.Milli)/1000),
+		resources.Limits.Cpu().ScaledValue(resource.Milli)/1000,
+		resources.Requests.Cpu().ScaledValue(resource.Milli)/1000,
 		0)
 }
 
@@ -180,10 +189,12 @@ func (r *PGUpgradeReconciler) generateUpgradeJob(
 	job.Spec.BackoffLimit = initialize.Int32(0)
 	job.Spec.Template.Spec.RestartPolicy = corev1.RestartPolicyNever
 
-	// When enabled, calculate the number of CPUs for pg_upgrade.
-	wholeCPUs := 0
-	if feature.Enabled(ctx, feature.PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency) {
-		wholeCPUs = largestWholeCPU(upgrade.Spec.Resources)
+	settings := upgrade.Spec.PGUpgradeSettings.DeepCopy()
+
+	// When jobs is undefined, use one less than the number of CPUs.
+	if settings.Jobs == 0 && feature.Enabled(ctx, feature.PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency) {
+		wholeCPUs := int32(min(math.MaxInt32, largestWholeCPU(upgrade.Spec.Resources)))
+		settings.Jobs = wholeCPUs - 1
 	}
 
 	// Replace all containers with one that does the upgrade.
@@ -198,11 +209,7 @@ func (r *PGUpgradeReconciler) generateUpgradeJob(
 		VolumeMounts:    database.VolumeMounts,
 
 		// Use our upgrade command and the specified image and resources.
-		Command: upgradeCommand(
-			upgrade.Spec.FromPostgresVersion,
-			upgrade.Spec.ToPostgresVersion,
-			fetchKeyCommand,
-			wholeCPUs),
+		Command:         upgradeCommand(settings, fetchKeyCommand),
 		Image:           pgUpgradeContainerImage(upgrade),
 		ImagePullPolicy: upgrade.Spec.ImagePullPolicy,
 		Resources:       upgrade.Spec.Resources,

internal/controller/pgupgrade/jobs_test.go

@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestLargestWholeCPU(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Equal(t, 0,
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0),
 		largestWholeCPU(corev1.ResourceRequirements{}),
 		"expected the zero value to be zero")
 
 	for _, tt := range []struct {
 		Name, ResourcesYAML string
-		Result              int
+		Result              int64
 	}{
 		{
 			Name: "Negatives", ResourcesYAML: `{requests: {cpu: -3}, limits: {cpu: -5}}`,
@@ -72,27 +72,53 @@ func TestUpgradeCommand(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 
-	t.Run("CPUs", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Jobs", func(t *testing.T) {
 		for _, tt := range []struct {
-			CPUs int
-			Jobs string
+			Spec int32
+			Args string
 		}{
-			{CPUs: 0, Jobs: "--jobs=1"},
-			{CPUs: 1, Jobs: "--jobs=1"},
-			{CPUs: 2, Jobs: "--jobs=1"},
-			{CPUs: 3, Jobs: "--jobs=2"},
-			{CPUs: 10, Jobs: "--jobs=9"},
+			{Spec: -1, Args: "--jobs=1"},
+			{Spec: 0, Args: "--jobs=1"},
+			{Spec: 1, Args: "--jobs=1"},
+			{Spec: 2, Args: "--jobs=2"},
+			{Spec: 10, Args: "--jobs=10"},
 		} {
-			command := upgradeCommand(10, 11, "", tt.CPUs)
+			spec := &v1beta1.PGUpgradeSettings{Jobs: tt.Spec}
+			command := upgradeCommand(spec, "")
 			assert.Assert(t, len(command) > 3)
 			assert.DeepEqual(t, []string{"bash", "-ceu", "--"}, command[:3])
 
 			script := command[3]
-			assert.Assert(t, cmp.Contains(script, tt.Jobs))
+			assert.Assert(t, cmp.Contains(script, tt.Args))
 
 			expectScript(t, script)
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("Method", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, tt := range []struct {
+			Spec string
+			Args string
+		}{
+			{Spec: "", Args: "--link"},
+			{Spec: "mystery!", Args: "--link"},
+			{Spec: "Link", Args: "--link"},
+			{Spec: "Clone", Args: "--clone"},
+			{Spec: "Copy", Args: "--copy"},
+			{Spec: "CopyFileRange", Args: "--copy-file-range"},
+		} {
+			spec := &v1beta1.PGUpgradeSettings{TransferMethod: tt.Spec}
+			command := upgradeCommand(spec, "")
+			assert.Assert(t, len(command) > 3)
+			assert.DeepEqual(t, []string{"bash", "-ceu", "--"}, command[:3])
+
+			script := command[3]
+			assert.Assert(t, cmp.Contains(script, tt.Args))
+
+			expectScript(t, script)
+		}
+
+	})
 }
 
 func TestGenerateUpgradeJob(t *testing.T) {
@@ -194,7 +220,7 @@ spec:
           echo -e "Step 5: Running pg_upgrade check...\n"
           time /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin/pg_upgrade --old-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${old_version}"/bin \
           --new-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin --old-datadir /pgdata/pg"${old_version}"\
-           --new-datadir /pgdata/pg"${new_version}" --link --check --jobs=1
+           --new-datadir /pgdata/pg"${new_version}" --check --link --jobs=1
           echo -e "\nStep 6: Running pg_upgrade...\n"
           time /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin/pg_upgrade --old-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${old_version}"/bin \
           --new-bindir /usr/pgsql-"${new_version}"/bin --old-datadir /pgdata/pg"${old_version}" \

internal/controller/pgupgrade/pgupgrade_controller.go

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ func (r *PGUpgradeReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (
 			// Set the cluster status when we know the upgrade has completed successfully.
 			// This will serve to help the user see that the upgrade has completed if they
 			// are only watching the PostgresCluster
-			patch.Status.PostgresVersion = upgrade.Spec.ToPostgresVersion
+			patch.Status.PostgresVersion = int(upgrade.Spec.ToPostgresVersion)
 
 			// Set the pgBackRest status for bootstrapping
 			patch.Status.PGBackRest.Repos = []v1beta1.RepoStatus{}

internal/feature/features.go

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func NewGate() MutableGate {
 		OpenTelemetryLogs:       {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
 		OpenTelemetryMetrics:    {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
 		PGBouncerSidecars:       {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-		PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+		PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Beta},
 		TablespaceVolumes:       {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
 		VolumeSnapshots:         {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
 	}); err != nil {

internal/feature/features_test.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func TestDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Assert(t, false == gate.Enabled(OpenTelemetryLogs))
 	assert.Assert(t, false == gate.Enabled(OpenTelemetryMetrics))
 	assert.Assert(t, false == gate.Enabled(PGBouncerSidecars))
-	assert.Assert(t, false == gate.Enabled(PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency))
+	assert.Assert(t, true == gate.Enabled(PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency))
 	assert.Assert(t, false == gate.Enabled(TablespaceVolumes))
 	assert.Assert(t, false == gate.Enabled(VolumeSnapshots))
 }

internal/upgradecheck/http_test.go

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestCheckForUpgrades(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, data.RegistrationToken, "speakFriend")
 		assert.Equal(t, data.BridgeClustersTotal, 2)
 		assert.Equal(t, data.PGOClustersTotal, 2)
-		assert.Equal(t, data.FeatureGatesEnabled, "AutoCreateUserSchema=true,TablespaceVolumes=true")
+		assert.Equal(t, data.FeatureGatesEnabled, "AutoCreateUserSchema=true,PGUpgradeCPUConcurrency=true,TablespaceVolumes=true")
 	}
 
 	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {