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@evanmiller evanmiller mentioned this pull request Jul 7, 2020
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Failures are unrelated to this PR, merging....

@jzmaddock jzmaddock merged commit 6648ee1 into develop Jul 9, 2020
@NAThompson NAThompson deleted the issue_391 branch July 9, 2020 17:41
NAThompson pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 15, 2020
* Jacobi Theta functions

Implementations, tests, and ULP plotting programs are provided for the
four Jacobi Theta functions per #373. Twenty-four public C++ functions
are provided in all, covering various precision-preserving scenarios.

Documentation for collaborators is provided in the code comments. Proper
documentation for end users will be provided when the implementation and
APIs are finalized.

Some tests are failing; this implementation is meant to start a
conversation. The core dilemma faced by the author was that large values
of |q| resulted in slow convergence, and sometimes wildly inaccurate
results. Following the implementation note in DLMF 20.14, I added code
to switch over to the imaginary versions of the theta functions when |q|
> 0.85.  This restored accuracy such that all of the identity tests
passed for a loose-enough epsilon, but then lost precision to the point
that the Wolfram Alpha spot checks failed. It is the author's hope that
someone with floating-point experience can tame the exponential dragons
and squeeze the ULPs back down to a reasonable range when |q| is large.

When #392 is merged I will add more thorough value tests, although I
fully expect them to fail until the underlying precision issues are
resolved.

As a final note, the precision issues do not affect the z=0 case - the
ULP plots indicate these return values within 2 ULP across all valid
|q|. So that's a start.

* [CI SKIP] Jacobi theta: Add special-value tests and more

* Add tests covering z=0 special values from MathWorld

* Add missing real_concept header

* Replace M_PI and friends with constants::pi etc

* Use BOOST_MATH_STD_USING in more places

* Jacobi theta: Test two more of Watson's identities [CI SKIP]

See https://mathworld.wolfram.com/JacobiThetaFunctions.html

(Equations 48 and 49)

* Improve precision of Jacobi theta functions [CI SKIP]

Rewrite the private imaginary versions to use double-sided summations
following DLMF 20.13.4 and 20.13.5. This cuts down the worst of the
precision issues by a factor of 10, and gets more of the tests to pass.

I am confident enough in the code path to eliminate the compile-time
__JACOBI_THETA_USE_IMAGINARY flag. In fact the imaginary-z code paths
are now enabled for all |q| > 0.04, i.e. most legal values of q.

More extensive tests will be needed to illuminate any remaining
precision issues.

* Jacobi theta: Make changes suggested in #394 [CI SKIP]

* Add LICENSE notice to main file

* Document convergence criteria

* Eliminate eps*eps = 0 logic. This causes some disagreement with the
zero returned by Wolfram Alpha for z=0, q > 0.99 in the fourth function.
Mathematically, the fourth function is never exactly zero, so I don't
trust Wolfram here.

* Per code-review comments, remove multiplications by floating-point 2.

* Tweak the plotting programs to display their titles, and to uniformly
use `float` as their CoarseType and `long double` as their
`PreciseType`.

* Add quadrature tests to Jacobi theta functions [CI SKIP]

The quadrature tests revealed a problem in the m1 functions: they too
should switch to the _IMAGINARY logic for q > exp(-pi), or will suffer
from slow convergence. Fix them.

Also tighten tolerances for many tests from sqrt(eps) to 100 * eps.

* Test Jacobi thetas against elliptic functions and elliptic integrals [CI SKIP]

See:

* https://dlmf.nist.gov/22.2
* https://dlmf.nist.gov/20.9#i

* Test Jacobi Thetas against their Laplace transforms [CI SKIP]

See:

* https://dlmf.nist.gov/20.10#ii

I did find some disagreement, and dropped the negative sign from the
theta1 equation. DLMF's theta2 and theta3 Laplace transform equations do
not agree at all with the computed values - will need to investigate.

In the meantime, the two implemented equations agree to 4 EPS so I am
keeping them.

* Add a note on using log1p with Jacobi theta functions [CI SKIP]

See discussion:

* #394 (comment)

* Add random data tests to Jacobi Theta functions [CI SKIP]

Add a test data generator program for the Jacobi theta functions.
This program will produce data for the tau parameterization, so that
precision isn't lost during the log-transformation. This distinguishes
it from the Wolfram Alpha data, which is parameterized by q.

A few of these new random-data tests are failing, but not by obscene
margins (< 100 EPS). These failures will be addressed when the test
tolerances are finalized.

* Add small-tau tests and simplify Jacobi Theta code [CI SKIP]

Add tests for small tau (i.e. large q). The tests are failing with mean
~ 200 EPS and max ~ 800 EPS. These look like worst-case input, and
should be the focus of future accuracy improvements.

This commit also simplifies the _IMAGINARY code by abstracting all of
the loops into a single svelte function.

* Add user documentation for Jacobi Theta functions [CI SKIP]

* Add function graphs to Jacobi Theta docs [CI SKIP]

* Define Jacobi Theta test tolerances [CI SKIP]

* Add implementation note on Jacobi theta functions [CI SKIP]

* Consolidate Jacobi Theta ULPs plotting programs [CI SKIP]

* Fix q domain checking of jacobi_theta4 [CI SKIP]

* Add ULPs plots to Jacobi Theta docs [CI SKIP]

Also add the built HTML files for easy evaluation. A full rebuild is
needed for the new docs to appear in the indexes.

* Add missing Jacobi Theta ULPs plots [CI SKIP]

* Add LaTeX source for Jacobi Theta equations [CI SKIP]

* Remove unused Jacobi Theta PNG equations [CI SKIP]

* Add Jacobi Theta performance script [CI SKIP]

Provided by @NAThompson.

* Remove vestigial eps*eps check from jacobi_theta3 [CI SKIP]

* Update Jacobi Theta docs per code review comments [CI SKIP]

* Enable arg promotion for Jacobi Theta functions [CI SKIP]

Add Jacobi theta functions to the instantiation tests and fix up
everything needed to make them pass. This changes the function
signatures to use promote_args.

* Fix Jacobi Theta plotting script [CI SKIP]

This script broke when the promote_args API was added.

* Change Jacobi Theta convergence criterion [CI SKIP]

Compare the non-oscillating part of the delta to the previous one.
This avoids some headaches comparing the delta to the partial sum,
because the partial sum can be a small number due to the oscillating
component alternating signs.

Because successive terms involve either q^n^2 or exp(-(pi*n)^2),
convergence should still happen pretty quickly. Graphs have been updated
and tests still passs with no noticeable difference.
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