Update projects to net8.0 and move to Central Package Management

[akoeplinger]

In dotnet/arcade#14172 we were seeing this issue:

Processing binlog artifacts/log/Debug/Build.binlog into solution at directory .source-index/stage1output
Unhandled exception. System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'Microsoft.Build.Framework, Version=15.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'Microsoft.Build.Framework, Version=15.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'
   at Microsoft.SourceBrowser.BinLogParser.BinLogCompilerInvocationsReader.<>c__DisplayClass1_0.<ExtractInvocations>b__0()
   at System.Lazy`1.ViaFactory(LazyThreadSafetyMode mode)
   at System.Lazy`1.ExecutionAndPublication(LazyHelper executionAndPublication, Boolean useDefaultConstructor)
   at System.Lazy`1.CreateValue()
   at Microsoft.SourceBrowser.BinLogParser.BinLogCompilerInvocationsReader.ExtractInvocations(String binLogFilePath) in D:\a\_work\1\s\src\SourceBrowser\src\BinLogParser\BinLogReader.cs:line 63
   at BinLogToSln.Program.Main(String[] args) in D:\a\_work\1\s\src\SourceBrowser\src\BinLogToSln\Program.cs:line 77

The reason is that the latest version of MSBuild.StructuredLogger depends on Microsoft.Build.Framework 17.5.0, which only ships with net7.0 and net4.7.2 implementation assemblies, but the BinLogToSln tool is targeting net6.0. We didn't see build issues because we're suppressing the NU1701 warning.

To fix this, move to net8.0 for the projects and use Central Package Management. We bump all MSBuild dependencies to 17.5.0 and also stop targeting netstandard2.0 for Common.csproj and BinLogParser.csproj, this allows us to remove the NU1701 suppression and ensures we're getting correct dependencies.

I'm planning on upstreaming the CPM change to https://github.com/KirillOsenkov/SourceBrowser later.

[ViktorHofer]

SWEET! 👍

[ViktorHofer]

@garath this unblocks dotnet/arcade#14172 and we want to get that in asap. Does this change look good to you?

[ViktorHofer]

@garath is out right now so I'm merging this in. We will follow-up on potential post feedback. We might need to update the app service to net8.0 now.

[ericstj]

I think there are more package references we can exclude here. I suspect most of those should be loaded from MSBuild and not the app - so long as our repo's CPM versions don't lift them up.