Create sync resource with some attributes that resolve asynchronously

[samimusallam]

Which problem is this PR solving?

Fixes #2912

Short description of the changes

I spoke to @aabmass and agreed on taking on this issue and reopening his PR #2933 and build on it, as I think he has one of the best solutions for this issue.

• In @opentelemetry/sdk-node
  • Adds an optional Promise to the Resource constructor which can asynchronously resolve some attributes. When this promise resolves, the attributes will be merged with the "synchronous" attributes.
  • Deprecated detectResources() in favor of a new method detectResourcesSync() which defers promises into the resource to be resolved later
  • Update Detector.detect() signature to allow it to be synchronous and updated documentation that the synchronous variant should be used
• In @opentelemetry/sdk-node
  • Updated NodeSDK.start() and its dependencies to now be synchronous (doesn't return a promise). This is a breaking change, but that package is experimental.
• Updated BatchSpanProcessorBase and SimpleSpanProcessor to await the resource promise before calling exporters, if the resource has asynchronous attributes AND they have not already resolved. I.e. if there is no promise in the Resource (the case for existing detectors and code), the behavior is unchanged.

Type of change

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality not to work as expected)

How Has This Been Tested?

Please describe the tests that you ran to verify your changes. Provide instructions so we can reproduce. Please also list any relevant details for your test configuration

• Existing tests pass with no modification
• Added new tests to Resource.test.ts
• Added detect-resources.test.ts

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3460 (c8bd141) into main (3bc0807) will increase coverage by 1.71%.
The diff coverage is 88.01%.

❗ Current head c8bd141 differs from pull request most recent head 60a161a. Consider uploading reports for the commit 60a161a to get more accurate results

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3460      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.32%   94.04%   +1.71%     
==========================================
  Files         153      268     +115     
  Lines        3608     7920    +4312     
  Branches      727     1641     +914     
==========================================
+ Hits         3331     7448    +4117     
- Misses        277      472     +195     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...ntelemetry-browser-detector/src/BrowserDetector.ts	14.28% <0.00%> (ø)
packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/Span.ts	98.58% <ø> (+0.70%)	⬆️
...ackages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/Tracer.ts	98.59% <ø> (ø)
packages/sdk-metrics/src/export/MetricData.ts	100.00% <ø> (ø)
...es/opentelemetry-resources/src/detect-resources.ts	64.58% <64.58%> (ø)
...opentelemetry-resources/src/platform/node/utils.ts	66.66% <66.66%> (ø)
...etrics/src/export/PeriodicExportingMetricReader.ts	92.98% <70.00%> (ø)
...dk-trace-base/src/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.ts	92.30% <78.57%> (-2.26%)	⬇️
...y-sdk-trace-base/src/export/SimpleSpanProcessor.ts	91.42% <90.00%> (+7.42%)	⬆️
...lemetry-resources/src/detectors/EnvDetectorSync.ts	94.11% <94.11%> (ø)
... and 138 more

[legendecas]

Sorry for the late review. This can be a very nice addition. Thank you for working on this!

Just a few comments I'd like to address before merging.