bump golang to 1.23.10 to fix CVEs

[theadarshsaxena]

Bump up the golang version to 1.23.10 to fix CVEs.

CVEs fixed by this Go upgrade:

1. bin/cp-plugin (gobinary)
   • CVE-2025-0913
   • CVE-2025-4673
2. plugins/velero-plugin-for-aws (gobinary)
   • CVE-2025-0913
   • CVE-2025-4673

[blackpiglet]

First, could you clarify which CVEs are fixed by this PR?
Second, I suggest also bumping the Golang version in the main branch.
AFAIK, there is no specific date for a new release of the release-1.12 branch yet.

[theadarshsaxena]

Thanks @blackpiglet, I appreciate your help!

1. I have edited the description of this PR to mention the CVE fixes
2. I have create a PR for bumping golang version in the main branch as well.

[blackpiglet]

Thanks @blackpiglet, I appreciate your help!

1. I have edited the description of this PR to mention the CVE fixes
2. I have create a PR for bumping golang version in the main branch as well.

Thanks for your contribution.

This PR is merged.

I'm sorry for misleading you into creating a PR to bump the Golang version on the main branch.
I totally forgot that the main branch doesn't pin to a tag of Golang.
We will pin to the correct version when cutting new branch.